五年级英语作文范文20篇（推荐20篇）

我们要保护野生动物、爱护树木……

We should protect the wild animal, love trees...

今天，我正在里院子和娇娇、苗苗玩吊床，突然，一阵冷风扑面而来，把我们三个冻得直哆嗦，回头一看，一棵新载的小树苗被风给吹歪了，我跑过去一看，小树苗幸亏没死，这时候苗苗和娇娇过来了，苗苗拽着我的手说：“赶紧玩吊床吧!”娇娇说：“人家正在把小树苗扶起来。”苗苗拽着我的手把我拉到吊床上，娇娇往小树苗这面拽。我就说：“我把小树苗扶起来在玩吊床吧”，大家都同意了。于是我们把小树苗重新栽了起来。

Today, I was in the yard, Miao Miao and Jiao Jiao play a hammock, suddenly, a gust of wind blowing, the three of us shivered, a look back, a new set of saplings is blown askew, I went over to look, but not dead saplings, while Miao Miao and Jiao Jiao here, Miao Miao grabbed my hand and said: "to play a hammock!" Jiao Jiao said: "people are small trees up." Miao Miao grabbed my hand and pulled me into the hammock, Jiao Jiao to the pull saplings. I said: "I put the young trees in the hammock, play up", you agree. Then we put the young trees to plant.

干完之后，我们才高高兴兴的去玩吊床去了。保护环境，人人有责。

After the job, were happy to play to the hammock. Protect environment, everyones responsibility.

杨老师是我们班的英语老师，从三年级开始学英语，她就教我们了。她一个人教好几个班，很辛苦，但每次见到她，她的脸上总带着微笑，给人一种和蔼可亲的感觉。杨老师英语说得流利，上课气氛活跃，批改作业又对又快，我们都很喜欢她。

记得有一次写一号本作业，我写得很认真，又让妈妈来回帮我检查了几遍，觉得胸有成竹，没有什么错了，于是第二天满怀信心地把作业本交给了杨老师。只见杨老师拿着红笔，一行一个勾，中间几乎没有什么停顿，我想：杨老师改作业可真快呀！这时，杨老师突然停住了笔，我想：哎呀，是不是什么地方有错了，但不会呀，我和妈妈昨天明明查了好几遍，不应该有错呀！只见杨老师在一个单词上画了一个圈，然后把本子递给我说：“嗯，不错，只错了一个，有进步！”我拿回本子，然后对着书一看，哎呀，两个字母颠倒了，真错了，杨老师的“火眼金睛”可真厉害！

还有一次，周三下午放学后，因我的《评价手册》没写完，被杨老师叫到了办公室，我找了一个位置坐下来继续写，杨老师在一旁批改作业，办公桌上堆了满满高高的作业本，我不禁赞叹，杨老师的工作量可真大呀！于是我更加认真地写起来，不想给她添麻烦。当我把本子交上去，还有一题不小心写错了，杨老师就耐心、仔细地给我讲解，一会儿我就全懂了。

杨老师就是这样一位认真、仔细、耐心而和蔼的老师，我真敬佩她！

The person I admire is my teacher. She is an English teacher. She is very popular among the students because she spends lots of time on her lessons and has a good sense of humor. Students all enjoy her class. My teacher is not only a good teacher, but also a great mother. She is patient with me and always smiling while talking. My teacher teaches me how to think independently and helps me to build up my confidence. When I have some difficulties in my studies, it is my mum who encourages me to work until I solve the problem. When Im feeling sad or bad, it is also my teadher who looks after me with care.

I remember when I caught a fever at midnight last year, my teacher took me to the hospital as fast as she could. When we got home after my injection, it was about 5 oclock in the early morning. My teacher only slept 2 hours because she had to wake up at 7 oclock to prepare breakfast for me, and then she went to work. She must be very tired that day.

My teacher is not very beautiful, but I admire and love her.

我钦佩的人是我的老师。她是一个英语老师。她在学生中很受欢迎,因为她花了大量的时间在她的经验和良好的幽默感。学生都喜欢上她的课。我的老师不仅是一位好老师,也是一个伟大的母亲。她是有耐心的和我说话时,脸上总是挂着微笑。我的老师教我如何独立思考,并帮助我建立我的信心。当我有一些困难在我的研究中,这是我的妈妈鼓励我去工作,直到我解决这个问题。当我感到难过或者不好的,它也是我teadher小心照顾我的人。

我记得去年我发烧在午夜的时候,我的老师带我去了医院和她一样快。当我们回家后注入,这是大约5点钟在清晨。我的老师因为她只睡2小时,7点钟起床为我准备早餐,然后她去上班。她一定很累。

我的老师不是很漂亮,但我欣赏和爱她。

My good friend is Mei. She’s a girl. She is my classmate.

Mei is tall and thin. She has two big eyes and long hair. She likes listening to music and reading books. Sometimes we listen to music together. She likes summer. Because she can swim in the summer holiday. She likes pink and white. She is in class Four, Grade Six with me. She usually goes to school by motor cycle. Sometimes she goes to school on foot. We often go shopping together on the weekend.

We will be good friends forever.

我的好朋友是美。她是一个女孩。她是我的同学。

梅又高又瘦。她有两个大眼睛和长头发。她喜欢听音乐和读书。有时我们一起听音乐。她喜欢夏天。因为她会游泳在夏天的假期。她喜欢粉红色和白色的。她是在四班,和我六年级。她通常由摩托车上学。她有时步行上学。我们经常在周末一起去购物。

我们会永远是好朋友。

“叮铃铃”早读铃响了，我们的英语老师走进课室，说“请大家拿出书本早读。”

早读开始了，我们齐刷刷的拿出书本，开始读第一单元，就在这时，只见英语老师突然的用手拍了一下桌子，说“：伍文翔，你在干嘛。“我们一看，哦，原来伍文翔又没有带英语书，而且还在座位玩手指。伍文翔好像没有听到老师说的话一样，还在座位继续玩手指，英语老师看到这个情况，火气马上从肚子直接升到头顶，火冒三丈的向伍文翔走去，伍文翔看到这里时，马上不玩手指，乖乖的坐好，可是，英语老师还是怒气冲冲，在伍文翔面前大声的说”：你在干嘛。“伍文翔说“：我忘记带书本。”英语老师听到这句话后，大发雷霆，大声的吼伍文翔说“：你没有带书本，不会和同学一起看吗？要在那里玩手指”伍文翔说“：我不是和梁晓彤一起看吗？”英语老师听到这句话后，脸涨得红彤彤的，说“：你们离得这么远，怎么看，你有望远镜吗？”伍文翔看到老师的脸色，变得面如土色，英语老师拿着一根棍子用力的去打伍文翔的手，英语老师打完伍文翔之后，伍文翔坐在座位大声的哭，英语老师又大声的对我们说”以后谁要是和伍文翔一样，上课做别的东西的话，就和伍文翔一样的下场。”

这就是我们的英语老师发火的时候。

DOG    Wong!wong!wong!   Ah well cute,A white dog,Is a public dog.   A pair of sparkling eyes,A light gray hair,There are a small mouth,The longer of the two butterfly-like ears, Many seem to next mustache nose in a very cute. It is a favorite play, the mouth of the total did not blow a mouth full of small balloon . The small dog named Peas,Peas are born masters of the day bought, like buying seeds, like water, they are the large seeds, So called Peas.

Hello, everyone.My name is Kevin.I am 12 years old.I have a good friend.He is also 12 years old.He is thin and short.He is 34 kilograms.I am heavier than him.I am 40 kilograms.He is 1.48 metres.I am taller than him.I am 1.55 metres.He likes playing basketball and playing computer games.I like reading books and watching movie.He likes sweet food.I like hot food.He wants to be a PE teacher.I want to be an English teacher.We are good friends forever.

It was cooler than yesterday. One of my fathers friends invited me to eat red bayberries. You must know it is unusual. Because we will climb the hill to eat red bayberries. There is no chance to eat red bayberries in the hill for the people who dont live in Beijing. On the hill, you can breathe the fresh air, you can listen birds singing and you can eat red bayberries. It was enjoyable. It is said there are wild pigs in the hill. What a beautiful natural.

Recently, more and more people stay at home watching TV and surfing the

Internet, which leads to obesity and even get serious illness.

This is no doubt that sport is good for our health. A person who takes

exercises regularly will keep fit. What’s more, exercise can make you

well-behaved and confident. If you usually take exercise with your friends, you

will be close to them. After all, sports can make your life more colorful.

Nothing is more important than doing sports. Its time to take actions to

stay away from the TV and computer and to take part in sport activities.

Today is the beginning of seven, I went to town with cousin, the Zhuo flag hill of watching a wonderful acrobatic Festival " to celebrate Chinese New year ".

We arrived, to find a show place, find a place to sit down, and then patiently waited for the show to start.

" The beginning of the show ", do not know who is shouting. We immediately back to god.

The first program is, little monkey riding old goat go rope. I saw the old goat carrying small monkey step by step on the rope, hey, too. Is really amazing! The next program is more splendid! For example: wire walking, the tiger jumped the ring of fire, lions and tigers, bears swing across the beauty slip exercise, air swing ... ... And this " new acrobatic show" the protagonist is mainly animal.

This " new acrobatic show" is really meaningful!

I had a very happy weekend. On Sunday, all the students got together at 8 in the morning at the school gate. We were going to ride bicycles to our destination. It took us about 30 minutes to reach there. After we arrived, we played a lot of games. We also took pictures of ourselves and the beautiful views. At noon, we had a picnic together. Everyone brought so much food and drinks. They were so delicious. I really had a good time.

我周末过得很愉快。周日的时候，所有的学生早上8点在校门口集合。我们骑自行车去目的地。我们大约花了30分钟才到那里。当我们到达以后，我们玩了很多游戏。我们也给自己和美丽的景色拍了照片。中午的时候，我们一起野餐。每个人都带了很多食物和饮料。他们都很好吃。我玩的很开心。

我的英语老师颜老师是一个另类的老师，像课文里的怀特森老师一样，性格独特。

颜老师个子中等，戴着个黑框眼镜，样子很文艺。他常穿着一件皮夹克，最近有些发福，啤酒肚微微突出。

他从来都是一个有趣的老师，从头到脚都洋溢着搞笑的气息。要是演技好一点，说不定是一个喜剧明星。他的课上我们都不会无精打采地趴在桌上沉默不语，因为他上课方式很有趣。大前天下午，我们刚从体育课上回来，个个都有气无力地趴在桌上，老师见我们精神不好，一上课就来了开头彩。他对着一个同学说：“这位先生你的发型看起来像只炸毛的猫的毛。”我们齐刷刷地看向那个同学，还真挺像的，如同刺一样，根根竖向了空中，我们都情不自禁地笑了起来。这一笑，仿佛驱走了疲惫，上课的状态也好多了。

上着上着，有一个关于四季的单词很是绕口，老师怕我们记不住，就说：“我们的班级是一个神奇的班级，有来自不同季节的人。”于是他找出了一个只穿着一件汉衫的同学说：“这是夏天的代表。”接着他又找出了三个季节代表，将他们统称为“四季组合“，逗得我们哈哈大笑，我们很快记住了这个单词。

在这一课里还有“吐鲁番”和“葡萄干”两个长而难记的单词，老师又很快想出了法子，他让我们记下他们的中文谐音，这下好读多了，将单词和谐音对比起来，就不难记了。他叫一个同学站起来读一下句子，但那个同学不自信，于是老师用搞笑的方式鼓励了他，他充满自信，大声读了出来。

我的英语老师就是这么一个个性独特，风趣幽默的老师。

国际劳动节又称“五一国际劳动节”、“国际示威游行日”，是世界上大多数国家的劳动节。定在每年的五月一日。它是全世界劳动人民共同拥有的节日。1889年7月，由恩格斯领导的第二国际在巴黎举行代表大会。会议通过决议，规定1890年5月1日国际劳动者举行游行，并决定把5月1日这一天定为国际劳动节。中央人民政府政务院于1949年12月作出决定，将5月1日确定为劳动节，全国放假一天。 1989年后，国务院基本上每5年表彰一次全国劳动模范和先进工作者，每次表彰3000人左右。

International Labor Day is also called "International WorkersDay", "International Day", is the most countries in the worlds labor day. On May 1st of each year. It is common to have holiday of working people throughout the world. In 1889 July, led by Engels, the second International Congress held in Paris. The meeting passed a resolution, provisions of the May 1, 1890 international workers marched, and decided on May 1st this day as the international labor day. The Central Peoples Government in 1949 December decision, choose May 1st as labor day, a national holiday. After 1989, the State Council basically once every 5 years in recognition of the national model workers and advanced workers, about 3000 people each in recognition.

国际劳动节又称“五一国际劳动节”、“国际示威游行日”，是世界上大多数国家的劳动节。定在每年的五月一日。它是全世界劳动人民共同拥有的节日。

International Labor Day is also called "International WorkersDay", "International Day", is the most countries in the worlds labor day. On May 1st of each year. It is common to have holiday of working people throughout the world.

As usual, I got up at six in the morning today. I am an early bird because it says "the birds get up early can catch worm", well, I wasnt going to catch "worm", even not the one in my computer, haha, they were actually some viruses in my computers, I guess its because I use pirated software all the time. Anyway, I did exercises and then studied for a while just like before, but I got one more special thing to do today: shopping. you know what? today is Saturday, it means I dont have school.

The next thing happens made me happier today was when I went out shopping with my friends, a person looks someone who was just travlling here ask me for direction. I told him the direction but it seems he didnt get it, so I decided to walk with him to the place he wanted to go to. and finally, we found the place yep!

And then, after I helped him, I met a beggar, he asked me for 2 dollars to buy food, what? I have only 3 dollar, so I gave him 1.5. I was so kind. Yep!I am so happy!

时光一天天地流逝，如今的我，已经是一名五年级的学生了。但是小时候的事情仍然历历在目。以前因幼稚做出的趣事也经常引起我的遐想。

Time passes day by day, now I am a fifth grade student. But when I was a kid, I still remember it. I used to daydream about the funny things I made because of my childishness.

记得我上学前班的时候，有一天放学后，妈妈让我复习那天学习的知识。可是我很贪玩，不想复习，就说：“我都会了，没必要复习!”妈妈说：“既然你都会了，就给我出题吧!”我听了，顿时来了兴致。要知道，我的梦想就是当一名老师，因为当时我认为当老师就不用学习，还可以管着好多人，让别人写题。这次我的梦想能实现啦!

I remember when I was in preschool, one day after school, my mother asked me to review the knowledge I learned that day. But I am very playful, do not want to review, said: "I can, there is no need to review!" mother said: "since you can, give me the problem!" I listened, immediately came to the interest. You know, my dream is to be a teacher, because at that time I thought that when I was a teacher, I didn#39;t have to study, and I could manage many people and let others write questions. My dream can come true this time!

于是我一溜烟跑到屋子里，从抽屉里拿出一张纸，一本正经地写起来。没想到，不写不知道，一写竟然就上了瘾。出一张卷子已经不能满足我了，后来，我又给爸爸、爷爷、奶奶等人出题，到最后还为他们判成绩、排名次。可是他们总是做错题，我非常认真地帮他们改正，并且不厌其烦地为他们讲解，然后把卷子贴在墙上“展示”。每当他们偷懒不想做，我就会批评他们不爱学习。过了几天，我家墙上就贴满了

So I ran to the house, took a piece of paper out of the drawer, and wrote it seriously. I didn#39;t expect that if I didn#39;t write, I would become addicted. It#39;s not enough for me to produce a test paper. Later, I gave the questions to my father, grandfather, grandmother, etc. and at the end, I gave them scores and rankings. But they always make mistakes. I#39;m very serious to help them correct them, and I#39;m not tired of explaining them, and then paste the paper on the wall to "show". Whenever they are lazy and don#39;t want to do it, I will criticize them for not loving learning. After a few days, the walls of my house were covered

卷子，密得如同贴上了一层壁纸。每当家里有客人来，我都要洋洋得意地带他们“参观”贴满卷子的屋子。他们都夸我是一个负责人的“好老师”。我更得意了，又出了更多的卷子……

The paper is as close as a layer of wallpaper. Whenever there are guests at home, I will proudly take them to "visit" the room covered with papers. They all praised me as a "good teacher" in charge. I#39;m more proud, and I have more papers

现在我长大了，对小时候的事情有了深刻的理解。其实，他们是故意将题做错，为的是让我多练习。我还傻傻地把它当成一件神圣的事，现在想起来是多么的有趣。多次的出题和批改都是一种对知识的巩固。多亏了这件有趣的事，为我现在的学习打下了良好的基础。我现在终于明白了当一名老师不是一件简单的事，不但要知识渊博，而且还要极强的责任心和爱心。以后我还要更加努力学习，争取当一名真正的老师。

Now that I am older, I have a deep understanding of what happened when I was a child. In fact, they deliberately made mistakes in order to let me practice more. I also foolishly regard it as a sacred thing, and now it#39;s so interesting to remember. A lot of questions and comments are a kind of consolidation of knowledge. Thanks to this interesting thing, I have laid a good foundation for my study now. Now I finally know that being a teacher is not a simple thing, not only knowledgeable, but also a strong sense of responsibility and love. In the future, I will study harder and strive to be a real teacher.

This year is the 66th anniversary of the founding of new China! On October

1st, our whole family sit by the TV and waiting to watch early time big

parade.

At ten o clock, the National Day military parade formally started, only

saw many soldiers standing in front of tiananmen, navy, air force, army... Stand

straight, straight, like hits the forceful pine, President hus review. The

parade shows the motherland strong defense force, peaceful country and safe

people, the motherland prosperity of beautiful landscape.

During the National Day, grandpa and I went to play in the humble

administrators garden. The car on the road, I saw the window renmin bridge

garlands made of flowers on both sides, in the sunshine more bright beautiful,

make the atmosphere of the National Day more strong! Walk in the small street to

the humble administrators garden, see stalls on both sides of the street with a

red flag with five stars, to express the affection to the motherland. Many

foreign visitors to see the beautiful scenery heartfelt held out a thumb. In the

humble administrators garden is the chrysanthemum, chrysanthemum can be more

color, yellow, red, white, colorful, beautiful!

The National Day make me deeper understanding of the motherland; A profound

feelings for the motherland also; Make me more love my motherland China!

In life, in school, if you dont have friends, what would you do? Change is me, I will feel life is very boring, not happy at all.

In school, if you have a good friend says, without a pen, a friend will lend it to you, no book friend will lend you, friends will play with you, by the time class is over have wont do topic, friends will teach you, have something sad, friends will comfort you. If you dont have friends, forget to bring something, no one to lend you, farewell is next class, can only be a person sitting next to look at it very happy to play with friends, this kind of mood is how uncomfortable! Without a friend, your life will be dull and boring.

Without a friend, when you are a person at home, finished my homework, you is how lonely, maybe you can only at home watching TV, but TV cant talk with you again, then how much do you need a bosom friend! Friendship is very precious. Friendship is the direction of the soul, friendship is sincere friend, friendship is the glow in the dark, friendship like a candle in the dark, they like the way forward.

在生活中，在学校里，如果你没有朋友，你会怎样?换做是我，我就会觉得生活非常无味，没有一点儿快乐。

在学校，如果你有好朋友的说，没有带笔，朋友会借给你，没有本子朋友会借给你，下课时，朋友会跟你玩，有不会做的题，朋友会教你，有伤心的事，朋友会安慰你。如果你没有朋友，忘了带东西，没人借给你，告别是下课时，只能一个人坐在旁边看着别人非常开心的跟朋友玩，这种心情是多么的难受啊!没有朋友，你的生活会单调、乏味。

没有朋友，当你一个人在家时，做完作业，你是多么的孤独，也许你只能在家里看电视，但电视又不能跟你谈心，这时你是多么需要一个知心朋友啊!友情是非常珍贵的。友情是灵魂的方向，友情是诚信的良友，友情是黑暗中的光芒，友情如黑暗里的一根蜡烛，照说宛们前进的道路。

With the coming of national day, I have a one week holiday. I really expect

to it, because it want to have a short trip during these days. I will travel to

Jiuzhai Valley with my parents for three days. I have heard that the scenery of

Jiuzhai Valley is very beautiful in autumn that it’s the best time to travel

there. Autumn is my most favorite season so I want to enjoy the beauty of such a

wonderful place. I do some preparations for this trip. For example, I search the

Internet to see the travel raiders and I have known where the most attracting

place is and where to live in. I am sure it will be a wonderful journey. There

are only several days for the coming trip, but I have been too excited to

wait.

August 15, is one of the most important festival of the Chinese nation - the Mid-Autumn festival. That day, people eat mooncakes and enjoy the moon, in some places there are lanterns, very lively

Say the day for the reason of the Mid-Autumn festival is: August for the second month, in the fall of the ancient called Mid-Autumn, because in the autumn and in August, the folk called Mid-Autumn festival.

Mid-Autumn festival on the eve of the relatives and friends with moon cakes as a gift to each other, because the moon cakes symbolize reunion. The design of the moon cake is full of beautiful things in eyes: a pineapple flavor, red, orange, and my favorite ice skin mooncakes...

The Mid-Autumn day, people buy all kinds of things, except the moon cake is mostly to eat. In the evening, the family to eat the family reunion dinner, looking at the upcoming black sky, look forward to the moon come out early.

In the evening, the moon came out, like a big disc. When the family moved to the balcony, all tables and chairs, tea set all kinds of moon cakes were took out together. Everybody looked at the bright moon, remembered relatives in other place cant go home; Some people toast celebrating in the moonlight, for the desire of the beautiful; The fireworks rising, bloom in the night sky!

The Mid-Autumn festival is the day of our family, is the day when we are missing loved ones, but also we indelible.

八月十五，是中华民族最重要的节日之一—中秋节。那天，人们吃月饼，赏月，有的地方还有花灯，十分热闹

称这天为中秋节的原因是：八月为秋季的第二个月，古时称为仲秋，因处于秋季之中和八月之中个，民间称为中秋。

中秋前夕，亲朋好友都以月饼为礼互相赠送，因为月饼象征团圆。月饼的款式也是琳琅满目：有凤梨味的、红枣的、香橙的，还有我最喜欢的冰皮月饼……

中秋那天，人们买来除了月饼外的各式各样的东西，大部分都是吃的。傍晚，一家人吃着团圆饭，望着即将要黑的天空，都盼望月亮早点儿出来。

晚上，月亮出来了，像个大圆盘似的。这时一家人把桌椅、茶具都搬到阳台上，各种月饼也都一齐拿了出来。大家望着皎洁的月亮，想起了在外地不能回家的亲人;有的人在月光下举杯相庆，寄托了美好的愿望;烟花冉冉升起，在夜空中绽放!

中秋节是我们合家欢乐的日子，是我们思念亲人的日子，更是我们不可磨灭的日子。

Chinese spring festival

The spring festival is Chinese most traditional festival every 365 days。 Each Chinese pay much attention on it。 Every year about 15 days before spring festival， the migrate works and white-collars are beginning crowded home-returning。

But， in recent years， with the development of the world， many different attitudes between the young and the old towards the spring festival come forth。 The old are still pay more attention to the spring festival， but the young gradually change the mode to spend their spring festival holiday， such as travel overseas。

When I am a childhood， I celebrated the spring festival with my family about a month in my winter vacation in traditional way， such as helping cleaning our houses， putting red couplets on gates， setting off firecrackers， and wear new clothes。 Now， I spend only 4 or 5 days at home with my parents in celebrating the spring festival， then I will hurry back to work。 Maybe in the near future， I will have no time celebrating spring festival hometown， and my parents have to come to stay with us in the city。

Whether or no， I like the spring festival。 It is one of the most important part of our Chinese culture。 However busy I am， I will try my best to celebrating it with the traditional way to protect those our ancestor has leave behind。

劳动节起源于美国。19世纪80年代，美国资产阶级为了进行资本积累，对工人阶级进行残酷的剥削压榨，他们用各种手段，迫使工人每天从事长达12到16小时甚至更多时间的劳动。美国广大工人逐渐认识到，为了保障自己的权利，必须起来进行斗争。

The festival originated in the America. In nineteenth Century 80, America bourgeoisie for capital accumulation, the cruel exploitation of the working class squeeze, they used various means to force the workers engaged in a day, for 12 to 16 hours or more hours of labour. The majority of U.S. workers gradually realized that in order to protect their rights, we must fight together.

新中国成立以后，中央人民政府政务院于1949年12月将5月1日定为法定的劳动节，是日全国放假一天。每年的这一天，举国欢庆，人们换上节日的盛装，兴高采烈地聚集在公园、剧院、广场，参加各种庆祝集会或文体娱乐活动，并对有突出贡献的劳动者进行表彰。

After the founding of new China, the Central Peoples Government in 1949 December in May 1st as a statutory labor day, is a day of national day holiday. Every year on this day, celebrating the country, people put on their holiday happily gathered in the park, theater, Plaza, celebrate the meetings or participate in various recreational activities, and the workers have made outstanding contributions for.