英语高考作文漂亮句子摘抄_英语写作指导(合集20篇)

下面的材料旨在丰富学生在是非问题写作方面的思想和语言，考生在复习时可以先分类阅读这些篇章，然后尝试写相关方面的作文题。

对于素材中用黑体字的部分，特别建议你熟读，背诵，因为它们在语言和观点上都值得吸收。学习语言的人应该明白，表达能力和思想深度都靠日积月累，潜移默化。从某种意义上说，提高英语写作能力无捷径可走，你必须大段背诵英语文章才能逐渐形成语感和用英语进行表达的能力。这一关，没有任何人能代替你过。

因此，建议你下点苦功夫，把背单词的精神拿出来背诵文章。何况，并不是要求你背了之后永远牢记在心：你可以这个星期背，下个星期忘。这没有关系，相信你的大脑具有神奇的能力。背了工具箱里的文章后，你会惊讶的发现：I can think in English now！

1.?????? Proverbs

1. A graduation ceremony is an event where the commencement speaker tells thousands of students dressed in identical caps and gowns that individuality is the key to success.

2. The primary purpose of a liberal education is to make one’s mind a pleasant place in which to spend one’s time.

3. Next in importance to freedom and justice is popular education, without which neither freedom nor justice can be permanently maintained.

4. The classroom--not the trench--is the frontier of freedom now and forevermore.

5. Education’s purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one.

6. It is the purpose of education to help us become autonomous, creative, inquiring people who have the will and intelligence to create our own destiny.

7. You see, real ongoing, lifelong education doesn’t answer questions; it provokes them.

8. People will pay more to be entertained than educated.

9.the most important function of education at any level is to develop the personality of the individual and the significance of his life to himself and to others. This is the basic architecture of a life; the rest is ornamentation and decoration of the structure.

10. The essence of our efforts to see that every child has a chance must be to assure each as equal opportunity, not to become equal, but to become different-to realize whatever unique potential of body, mind, and spirit he or she possesses.

11. A great teacher never strives to explain his vision-he simply invites you to stand beside him and see for yourself.

12. If you can read and don’, you are an illiterate by choice.

2. Damaging Research

A study by National Parent-Teacher Organization revealed that in the average American school, eighteen negatives are identified for every positive that is pointed out. The Wisconsin study revealed that when children enter the first grade, 80 percent of them feel pretty good themselves, but by the time they get to the sixth grade, only 10 percent of them have good self-images.

3. Education and Citizenship

An important aspect of education in the United States is the relationship between education and citizenship. Throughout its history this nation has emphasized public education as a means of transmitting democratic values, creating equality of opportunity, and preparing new generations of citizens to function in society. In addition, the schools have been expected to help shape society itself. During the 1950s, for example, efforts to combat racial segregation focused on the schools. Later, when the Soviet Union launched the first orbiting satellite, American schools and colleges came under intense pressure and were offered many incentives to improve their science and mathematics programs so that the nations would not fall behind the Soviet Union in scientific and technological capabilities.

Education is often viewed as a tool for solving social problems, especially social inequality. The schools, t is thought, can transform young people from vastly different backgrounds into competent, upwardly mobile adults. Yet these goals seem almost impossible to attain. In recent years, in fact, public education has been at the center of numerous controversies arising from the gap between the ideal and the reality. Part of the problem is that different groups in society have different have different expectations. Some feel that children should be taught basic job-related skills; still others believe education should not only prepare children to compete in society but also help them maintain their cultural identity (and, in the case of Hispanic children, their language). On the other hand, policymakers concerned with education emphasize the need to increase the level of student achievement and to improve parents in their children’s education.

Some reformers and critics have called attention to the need to link formal schooling with programs designed to address social problems. Sociologist Charles Moscos, for example, is a leader in the movement to expand programs like the Peace Corps, Vista, and Outward Bound into a system of voluntary national service. National service, as Moscos defines it, would entail “the full-time undertaking of public duties by young people whether as citizen soldiers or civilian servers-who are paid subsistence wages” and serve for at least one year. In return for this period of service, the volunteers would receive assistance in paying for college or other educational expenses.

Advocates of national service and school-to-work programs believe that education does not have to be confined to formal schooling. In devising strategies to provide opportunities for young people to serve their society, they emphasize the educational value of citizenship experiences gained outside the classroom. At this writing there is little indication that national service will become a new educational institution in the United States, although the concept is steadily gaining support among educators and social critics.

4. The Teacher’s Role

Given the undeniable importance of classroom experience, sociologists have done a considerable amount of research on what goes on in the classroom. Often they start from the premise that, along with the influence of peers, students’ experiences in the classroom are of central importance to their later development. One study examined the impact of a single first-grade teacher on her students’ subsequent adult status. The surprising results of this study have important implications. It is evident that good teachers can make a big difference in children’s lives, a fact that gives increased urgency to the need to improve the quality of primary-school teaching. The reforms carried out by educational leaders like James Comer suggest that when good teaching is combined with high levels of parental involvement the results can be even more dramatic.

Because the role of the teacher is to change the learner in some way, the teacher-student relationship is an important part of education. Sociologists have pointed out that this relationship is asymmetrical or unbalanced, with the teacher being in a position of authority and the student having little choice but to passively absorb the information provided by the teacher. In other words, in conventional classrooms there is little opportunity for the students to become actively involved in the learning process. On the other hand, students often develop strategies for undercutting the teacher’s authority: mentally withdrawing, interrupting, and the like. Hence, much current research assumes that students and teachers influence each other instead of assuming that the influence is always in a single direction.

5. Education Philosophy

For the past fifty years our schools have operated on the theories of John Dewey (1859-1953), an American educator and writer. Dewey believed hat the school’s job was to enhance the natural development of the growing child, rather than to pour information, for which the child had no context, into him or her. In the Dewey system, the child becomes the active agent in his own education, rather than a passive receptacle for facts.

Consequently, American schools are very enthusiastic about teaching “life skills” –logical thinking, analysis, creative problem--solving. The actual content of the lessons is secondary to the process, which is supposed to train the child to be able to handle whatever life may present, including all the unknowns of the future. Students and teachers both regard pure memorization as an uncreative and somewhat vulgar.

In addition to “life skills”, schools are assigned to solve the ever growing stoke of social problems. Racism, teenage pregnancy, alcoholism, drug use, reckless driving, and are just a few of the modern problems that have appeared on the school curriculum.

This all contributes to a high degree of social awareness in American youngsters.

6. Student Life

To the students, the most notable difference between elementary school and the higher levels is that in junior high they start “changing classes”. This means that rather than spending the day in one classroom, they switch classrooms to meet their different teachers. This gives them three or four minutes between classes in the hallways, where a great deal of the important social action of high school traditionally takes place. Students have lockers in these hallways, around which thy congregate.

Society in general does not take the business of studying very seriously. Schoolchildren have a great deal of free time, which they are encouraged to fill with extracurricular activities—sports, clubs, cheerleading, scouts—supposed to inculcate such qualities as leadership, sportsmanship, ability to organize, etc. those who don’t become engaged in such activities or have afterschool jobs have plenty of opportunity to “hang out”, listen to teenager music, and watch television.

Compared to other nations, American students do not have much homework. Studies also show that American parents have lower expectations for their children’s success in school than other nationalities do. (Historically, there has not been much correlation between American school success and success in later life.) “He’s just not a scholar”, the American parents might say, content that their son is on the swim team and doesn’t take drugs. (Some of the young do choose to study hard, for reason of their own, such as determining that the road to riches lies through Harvard Business School.)

What American schools do effectively teach is the competitive method. In innumerable ways children are pitted against each other—whether in classroom discussion, spelling bees, reading groups, or tests. Every classroom is expected to produce a scattering of A’s and F’s (teachers often grade A=excellent; B=good; C=average; D=poor; and F=failed). A teacher who gives all A’s looks too soft—so students are aware that they are competing for the limited number of top marks.

Foreign students sometimes don’t understand that copying from other people’s papers or from books is considered wrong and taken seriously. Here, it is important to show that you have done your own work and are displaying your own knowledge. It is more important than helping your friends to pass, whom we think do not deserve to pass unless they can provide their own answers. Group effort goes against the competitive grain, and American students do not study together as many Asians do. Many Asians in this country consider their group study habits a large contributor to their school success.

7. Adult Education

After complaining about many aspects of American life, a 40-year-old woman from Hong Kong concluded, “But where else could someone my age go back to school and get a degree in social work? Here you can change your whole life, start a new business, do what you really want to do.”

So at least to this person, school requirements weren’t inhibiting. And to millions of others, adult education is the path to a new career, or if not to a new career, to a new outlook. Schools generally encourage the older person who wants to start anew, and besides regular classes, schedule evening classes in special programs. Today there are so many people of retirement age in college that it is no longer remarkable.

8. Moral Relativism in American

Improving American education requires not doing new things but doing (and remembering) some good old things. At the time of our nation’s founding, Thomas Jefferson listed the requirements for a sound education in the Report of the Commissioners for the University of Virginia. In this landmark statement on American education, Jefferson wrote of the importance of education and writing, and of reading history, and geography. But he also emphasized the need “to instruct the mass of our citizens in these, their rights, interests, and duties, as men and citizens.” Jefferson believed education should aim at the improvement of both one’s “morals” and “faculties”. That has been the dominant view of the aims of American education for over two centuries. But a number of changes, most of them unsound, have diverted schools from these great pursuits. And the story of the loss of the school’s original moral mission explains a great deal.

Starting in the early seventies, “values clarification” programs started turning up in schools all over America. According to this philosophy, the schools were not to take part in their time-honored task of transmitting sound moral values; rather, they were to allow the child to “clarify” his own values (which adults, including parents, had no “rights” to criticize). The “values clarification” movement didn’t clarify values; it clarified wants and desires. This form of moral relativism said, in effect, that no set of values was right or wrong; everybody had an equal right to his own values; and all values were subjective, relative, and personal. This destructive view took hold with a vengeance.

In 1985 The York Times published an article quoting New York area educators, in slavish devotion to this new view, proclaiming, “They deliberately avoid trying to tell students what is ethically right and wrong.” The article told of one counseling session involving fifteen high school juniors and seniors. In the course of that session a student concluded that a fellow student had been foolish to return one thousand dollars she found in a purse at school. According to the article, when the youngsters asked the counselor’s opinion, “He told them he believed the girl had done the right thing, but that, of course, he would not try to force his values on them. ‘If I come from the position of what is wrong,’ he explained, ‘then I’m not their counselor.’”

Once upon a time, a counselor offered counselor, and he knew that an adult does not form character in the young by taking a stance of neutrality toward questions of right and wrong or by merely offering “choices” or “options”.

In response to the belief that adults and educators should teach children sound morals, one can expect from some quarters indignant objections (I’ve heard one version of it expressed countless times over the years): “Who are you to say what’s important?” or “Whose standards and judgments do we use?”

The correct response, it seems to me, is, is we ready to do away with standards and judgments? Is anyone going to argue seriously that a life of cheating and swindling is as worthy as a life of honest, hard work? Is anyone (with the exception of some literature professors at our elite universities) going to argue seriously the intellectual corollary, that a Marvel comic book is as good as Macbeth? Unless we are willing to embrace some pretty silly position, we’ve got to admit the need for moral and intellectual standards. The problem is that some people tend to regard anyone who would pronounce a definitive judgment as an unsophisticated Philistine or a closed-minded “elitist” trying to impose his view on everybody else.

The truth of the real world is that without standards and judgments, there can be no progress. Unless we are prepared to say irrational things—that nothing can be proven more valuable than anything else or that everything is equally worthless—we must ask the normative question. It may come, as a surprise to those who fell that to be “progressive” is to be value-neutral. But as Matthew Amold said, “the world is forwarded by having its attention fixed on the best things” and if the world can’t decide what the best things are, at least to some degree, then it follows that progress, and character, is in trouble. We shouldn’t be reluctant to declare that some things, some lives, books, ideas, and values are better than others. It is the responsibility of the schools to teach these better things.

At one time, we weren’t so reluctant to teach them. In the mid-nineteenth century, a diverse, widespread group of crusaders began to work for the public support of what was then called the “common school”, the forerunner of the public school. They were to be charged with the mission of school felt that the nation could fulfill its destiny only if every new generation was taught these values together in a common institution.

The leaders of the common school movement were mainly citizens who were prominent in their communities—businessmen, ministers, local civic and government officials. These people saw the schools as upholders of standards of individual morality and small incubators of civic and personal virtue; the founders of the public schools had faith that public education could teach good moral and civic character from a common ground of American values.

But in the past quarter century or so, some of the so-called experts became experts of value neutrality, and moral education was increasingly left in their hands. The commonsense view of parents and the publicthat schools should reinforce rather than undermine the values of home, family, and country, was increasingly rejected.

There are those today still that claim we are now too diverse a nation, that we consist of too many competing convictions and interests to instill common values. They are wrong. Of course we are a diverse people. We have always been a diverse people. And as Madison wrote in FederalistNo.10, the competing, balancing interests of a diverse people can help ensure the survival of liberty. But there are values that all American citizens share and that we should want all American students to know and to make their own: honesty, fairness, self-discipline, fidelity to task, friends, and family, personal responsibility, love of country, and belief in the principles of liberty, equality, and the freedom to practice one’s faith. The explicit teaching of these values is the legacy of the common schools, and it is a legacy to which we must return.

9. Schools Should Teach Values

People often said, “Yes, we should teach these values, but how do we teach them?” this question deserves a candid response, one that isn’t given often enough. It is by exposing our children to good character and inviting its imitation that we will transmit to them a moral foundation. This happens when teachers and principals, by their words and actions, embody sound convictions. As Oxford’s Mary Warnock has written, “You cannot teach morality without being committed to morality yourself; and you cannot be committed to morality yourself without holding that some things are right and others wrong.” The theologian Martin Buber wrote that the educator is distinguished from all other influences “by his will to take part in the stamping of character and by his consciousness that he represents in the eyes of the growing person a certain selection of what is, the selection of what is ‘right’, of what should be.” It is in this will, Buber says, in this clear standing for something, that the “vocation as an educator finds its fundamental expression.”

There is no escaping the fact that young people need as example principals and teachers who know the difference between right and wrong, good and bad, and who themselves exemplify high moral purpose.

As Education Secretary, I visited a class at Waterbury Elementary School in Waterbury, Vermont, and asked the students, “Is this a good school?” They answered, “Yes, this is a good school.” I asked them, “Why?” Among other things, one eight-year-old said, “The principal Mr. Riegel, makes good rules and everybody obeys them.” So I said, “Give me an example.” And another answered, “You can’t climb on the pipes in the bathroom. We don’t climb on the pipes and the principal doesn’t either.”

This example is probably too simple to please a lot of people who want to make the topic of moral education difficult, but there is something profound in the answer of those children, something education should pay more attention to. You can’t expect children to take messages about rules or morality seriously unless they see adults taking those rules seriously in their day-to-day affairs. Certain must be said, certain limits lay down, and certain examples set. There is no other way.

We should also do a better job at curriculum selection. The research shows that most “values education” exercises and separate courses in “moral reasoning” tend not to affect children’s behavior; if anything, they may leave children morally adrift. Where to turn? I believe our literature and our history are a rich quarry of moral literacy. We should mine that quarry. Children should have at their disposal a stock of examples illustrating what we believe to be right and wrong, good and bad—examples illustrating what are morally right and wrong can indeed be known and that there is a difference.

What kind of stories, historical events, and famous lives am I talking about? If we want our children to know about honesty, we should teach them about Abe Lincoln walking three miles to return six cents and conversely, about Aesop’s shepherd boy who cried wolf if we want them to know about courage, we should teach them about Joan of Arc, Horatius at the bridge, and Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad. If we want them to know about persistence in the face of adversity, they should know about the voyages of Columbus and the character of Washington during the Civil War. And our youngest should be told about the Little Engine That Could. If we want them to know about respect for the law, they should understand why Socrates told Crito: “No, I must submit to the decree of Athens.” If we want our children to respect the rights of others, they should read the Declaration of Independence, the Bill of Rights, the Gettysburg Address, and Martin Luther King, Jr.’ “Letter from Birmingham jail.” From the Bible they should know about Ruth’s loyalty to Naomi, Joseph’s forgiveness of his brothers, Jonathan’s friendship with David, the Good Samaritan’s kindness toward a stranger, and David’s cleverness and courage in facing Goliath.

These are only a few of the hundreds of examples we can call on. And we need not get into issues like nuclear war, abortion, creationism, or euthanasia. This may come as a disappointment to some people, but the fact is that the formation of character in young people is educationally a task different from, and prior to, the discussion of the great, difficult controversies of the day. First things come first. We should teach values the same way we teach other things: one step at a time. We should not use the fact that there are many difficult and controversial moral questions as an argument against basic instruction in the subject.

After all, we do not argue against teaching physics because laser physics is difficult, against teaching American history because there are heated disputes about the Founders’ intent. Every field has its complexities and its controversies. And every field has its basics, its fundamentals. So they are too with forming character and achieving moral literacy. As any parent knows, teaching character is a difficult task. But it is a crucial task, because we want our children to be healthy, happy, and successful but decent, strong, and good. None of this happens automatically; there is no genetic transmission of virtue. It takes the conscious, committed efforts of adults. It takes careful attention.

10. College Pressures

Mainly I try to remind that the road ahead is a long one and that it will have more unexpected turns than they think. There will be plenty of time to change jobs, change careers, change whole attitudes and approaches. They don not want to hear such liberating news. They want a map—right now – that they can follow unswervingly to career security, financial security, Social Security and, presumably, a prepaid grave.

What I wish for all students is some release from the clammy grip of the future. I wish them a chance to savor each segment of their education as an experience in itself and not as a grim preparation for the next step. I wish them the right to experiment, to trip and fall, to learn that defeat is as instructive as victory and is not the end of the world.

My wish, of course, is na?ve. One of the national gods venerated in our media—the million-dollar athlete, the wealthy executive—and glorified in our praise of possessions. In the presence of such a potent state religion, the young are growing up old.

I see four kinds of pressure working on college students today: economic pressure, parental pressure, peer pressure, and self-induced pressure. It is easy to look around for villains—to blame the colleges for charging too much money, the professors for assigning too much work, the parents for pushing their children too far, and the students for driving themselves too hard. But there are no villains: only victims.

“In the late 1960s.” one dean told me. “The typical question that I got from students was ‘Why is there so much suffering in the world’ or ‘how I can make a contribution?’ Today it’s ‘Do you think it would look better for getting into law school if I did a double major in history and political science, or just majored in one of them?’” many other deans confirmed this pattern. One said: “They are trying to find an edge—the intangible something that will look better on paper if two students are about equal.”

Note the emphasis on looking better. The transcript has become a sacred document, the passport to security. How one appears on paper is more important than how one appears in person. A is for Admirable and B is for Borderline, even though, in Yale’s official system of grading, A means “excellent” and B means “very good.” Today, looking very good is no longer good enough, especially for students who hope to go on to law school or medical school. They know that entrance into the better schools will be an entrance into the better law firms and better medical practices where they will make a lot of money. They also know that the odds are harsh. Yale Law School, for instance, matriculates 170students from an applicant pool of 3,700; Harvard enrolls 550 from a pool of 7,000.

It’s all very well for those of us who write letters of recommendation for our students to stress the qualities of humanity that will make them good lawyers or doctors. And it’s nice to think that admission officers are ready reading our letters and looking for the extra dimension of commitment or concern. Still, it would be hard for a student not to visualize these officers shuffling so many transcripts studded with As that they regard a B as positively shameful.

The pressure is almost as heavy on students who just want to graduate and get a job. Long gone are the days of the “gentleman’s C.” when students journeyed through college with a certain relaxation, sampling a wide variety of courses-music, art, philosophy, classics, anthropology, poetry, religion—that would send them out as liberally educated men and women. If I were an employer I would rather employ graduates who have this range and curiosity than those who narrowly pursued safe subjects and high grades. I know countless students whose inquiring minds exhilarate me. I like to hear the play of their ideas. I do not know if they are getting As or Cs, and I do not care. I also like them as people. The country needs them, and they will find satisfying jobs. I tell them to relax. They cannot.

Nor can I blame them. They live in a brutal economy. Tuition, room, and board at most private colleges now come to at least $7,000, not counting books and fees. This might seem to suggest that the colleges are getting rich. But they are equally battered by inflation. Tuition covers only 60 percent of what it costs to educate a student, and ordinarily the remainder comes from what college receives in endowments, grants, and gifts. Now, the remainder keeps being swallowed by the cruel costs—higher every year—of just opening the doors. Heating oil is up. Insurance is up. Postage is up. Health-premium costs are up. Everything is up. Deficits are up. We are witnessing in American the creation of a brotherhood of paupers—colleges, parents, and students, joined by the common bond of debt.

Today it is not unusual for a student, even if he works part time at college and full time during the summer, to accrue $5,000 in loans after four years—loans that he must start to repay within one year after graduation. Exhorted at commencement to go forth into the world, he is already behind as he goes forth. How could he not feel under pressure throughout college to prepare for this day of reckoning? I have used “he,” incidentally, only for brevity. Women at Yale are under no less pressure to justify their expensive education to themselves, their parents, and society. In fact, they are probably under more pressure. For although they leave college superbly equipped to bring fresh leadership to traditionally male jobs, society has not yet caught up with this fact.

Along with economic pressure goes parental pressure. Inevitably, the two are deeply intertwined.

I see many students taking pre-medical courses with joyless tenacity. They go off to their labs as if they were going to the dentist. It saddens me because I know tem in other corners of their life as cheerful people.

“Do you want to medical school?” I asked them.

“I guess so,” they say, without conviction, or “Not really.”

“Then why are you going?”

“Well, my parents want me to be a doctor. They are paying all this money and …”

Poor students, poor parents, they are caught in one of the oldest webs of love and duty and guilt. The parents mean will; they are trying to steer their sons and draughts toward a secure future. But the sons and daughter want to major in history or classics or philosophy—subjects with no “practical” value. Where’s the payoff on the humanities? It’s not easy to persuade such loving parents that the humanities do indeed pay off. The intellectual faculties developed by studying subjects like history and classics—an ability to synthesize and relate, to weigh cause and effect, to see events in perspective—are just the faculties that make creative leaders in business or almost any general field. Still, many fathers would rather put their money on courses that point toward specific profession—courses that are pre-law, pre-medical, pre-business, or, as I sometimes heard it put, “pre-rich.”

But the pressure on students is severe. They are truly torn. One part of them feels obliged to fulfill their parents’ expectations; after all, their parents are older and presumably wiser. Another part tells them that the expectations that are right for their parents are not right for them.

I know a student who wants to be an artist. She is very obviously an artist and will be a good one—she has already had several modest local exhibits. Meanwhile she is growing as a well-round person and taking humanistic subjects that will enrich the inner resources out of which her art will grow. But her father is strongly opposed. He thinks that an artist is a “dumb” thing to be. The student vacillates and tries to please everybody. She keeps up with her art somewhat furtively and takes some of the “dumb” courses her father wants her to take—at least they are dumb courses for her. She is a free spirit on a campus of tense students—no small achievement in it—and she deserves to follow her muse.

Peer pressure and self-induced pressure are also intertwined, and they begin almost at the beginning of freshman year.

“I had a freshman student I’ll call Linda,” one dean told me, “who came in and said she was under terrible pressure because her roommate, Barbara, was much brighter and studied all the time. I could not tell her that Barbara had come in two hours earlier to say the same thing about Linda.”

The story is almost funny—except that it is not. It is symptomatic of all the pressure put together. When every student thinks every other student is working harder and doing better, the only solution is to study harder still. I see students going off to the library every night after dinner and coming back when it closes at midnight. I wish they would sometimes forget about their peers and go to a movie. I hear the clacking of typewriters in the hours before dawn. I see the tension in their eyes when exams are approaching and papers are due: “Will I get everything done?”

Probably they won’t. They will get blocked. They will sleep. They will oversleep. They will bug out.

Part of the problem is that they are expected to do. A professor will assign five page papers. Several students will start writing ten page papers to impress him. Then more students will write ten page papers, and a few will raise the ante to fifteen. Pity the poor student who is still just doing the assignment.

“Once you have twenty or thirty percent of the student population deliberately overexerting,” one dean points out, “It’s bad for everybody. When a teacher gets more and more effort from his class, the student who is doing normal work can be perceived as not doing well. The tactic work, psychologically.”

Why cannot the professor just cut back and not accept longer papers? He can, and he probably will. But by then the term will be half over and the damage done. Grade fever is highly contagious and not easily reversed. Besides, the professor’s main concern is with his course. He knows his students only in relation to the course and does not know that they are also overexerting in their other courses. Nor is it really his business. He did not sign up for dealing with the student as a whole person and with all the emotional baggage the student brought along from home. That’s what deans, masters, chaplains, and psychiatrists are for.

To some extent this is nothing new: a certain number of professors have always been self-contained islands of scholarship and shyness, more comfortable with books than with people. But the new pauperism has widened the gap still further, for professors who actually like to spend time with students do not have as much time to spend. They are also overexerting. If they are young, they are busy trying to publish in order not to perish, hanging by their figure nails onto a shrinking profession.

If they are old and tenured, they are buried under the duties of administering departments—as departmental chairmen or members of committees—that have been thinned out by the budgetary axe.

Ultimately it will be the students’ own business to break the circles in which they are trapped. They are too young to be prisoners of their parents’ dreams and their classmates’ fears. They must be jolted into believing into themselves as unique men and women who have the power to shape their own future.

“Violence is being done to the undergraduate experience,” says Carlos Hortas. “College should be open-ended: at the end it should open many, many roads. Instead, students are choosing their goal in advance, and their choices narrow as they go along. It’s almost as if they think that the country has been codified in the type of jobs that exist-that they’ve got to fit into certain slots. Therefore, fit into the best paying slot.”

“They ought to take chances. Not taking chances will lead to life of colorless mediocrity. They’ll be comfortable. But something in the spirit will be missing.”

I have painted too drab a portrait of today’s students, making them seem a solemn lot. That is only half of their story; if they were so dreary I wouldn’t so thoroughly enjoy their company. The other half is that they are easy to like. They are quick to laugh and to offer friendship. They are not introverts. They are usually kind and are more considerate of one another than any student generation I have known.

Nor are they so obsessed with their studies that they avoid sports and extracurricular activities. On the contrary, they juggle their crowded hours to play on a variety of teams, perform with musical and dramatic groups, and write for campus publications. But this in turn is one more cause of anxiety. There are too many choices. Academically, they have 1,300 courses to select from; outside class they have to decide how much spare time they can spare and how to spend it.

This means that they engage in fewer extracurricular pursuits than their predecessors did. If they want to row on the crew and play in the symphony they will eliminate one; in the ‘60s they would have done both. They also tend to choose activities that are self-limiting. Drama, for instance, is flourishing in all twelve of Yale’s residential colleges, as it never has before. Students hurl themselves into these productions—as actors, directors, carpenters, and technicians—with a dedication to create the best possible play, knowing that the day will come when the run will end and they can get back to their studies.

They also cannot afford to be the willing slave of organizations like the Yale Daily News. Last spring at the one-hundredth anniversary banquet of that paper—who’s past chairmen include such once and future kings as Potter Stewart, Kingman Brewster, and William F. Buckley, Jr.—much was made of the fact that the editorial staff used to be small and totally committed and that “newsies” routinely worked fifty hours a week. In effect they belonged to a club; Newsies is how they defined themselves at Yale. Today’s students will one or two articles a week, when he can, and he defines himself as a student. I’ve never heard the word Newsie except at the banquet.

If I have described the modern undergraduate primarily as a driven creature who is largely ignoring the blithe spirit inside who keeps trying to come out and play, it’s because that’s where the crunch is, not only at Yale but throughout American education. It’s why I think we should all be worried about the values that are nurturing a generation so fearful of risk and so goal-obsessed at such an early age.

I tell students that there is no one “right” way to get ahead—that each of them is a different person, starting from a different point and bound for a different destination. I tell neither them that change is a tonic and that all the slots are not codified nor the frontiers closed. One of my ways of telling them is to invite men and women who have achieved success outside the academic world to come and talk informally with my students during the year. They are heads of companies or ad agencies, editors of magazines, politicians, public officials, television magnates, labor leaders, business executives, Broadway products, artists, writers, economists, photographers, scientists, historians—a mixed bag of achievers.

I asked them to say a few words about how they got started. The students assume that they started in their present profession and knew all along that it was what they wanted to do. Luckily for me, most of them got into their field by a circuitous route, to their surprise, after many detours. The students are startled. They can hardly conceive of a career that was not pre-planned. They can hardly imagine allowing the hand of God or chance to nudge them down some unforeseen trail.

11. To Err Is Wrong

In the summer of 1979, Boston Red Sox first baseman Carl Yastrzemski became the fifteenth player in baseball history to reach the three thousand hit plateaus. This event drew a lot of media attention, and for about a week prior to the attainment of this goal, hundreds of reports covered Yaz’s every more. Finally, one reporter asked, “Hey Yaz, aren’t you afraid all of this attention will go to your head?” Yastrzemski replied, “I look at this way: in my career I’ve been up to bat over ten thousand times. That means I’ve been unsuccessful at the plate over seven thousand times. That fact alone keeps me from getting a swollen head.”?

Most people consider success and failure as opposites, but they are actually both products of the same process. As Yaz suggest, an activity that produces a hit may also produce a miss. It is the same with creative thinking; the same energy that generates good creative ideas also produces errors.

Many people, however, are not comfortable with errors. Our educational system, based on “the right answer” belief, cultivates our thinking in another, more conservative way. From an early age, we are taught that right answers are good and incorrect answers are bad. This value is deeply embedded in the incentive system used in most schools:

Right over 90% of the time = “A”

Right over 80% of the time = “B~”

Right over 70% of the time = “C~” Right over 60% of the time = “D~” Less than 60% correct, you fail.

From this we learn to be right as often as possible and to keep our mistakes to a minimum. We learn, in other words, that “to err is wrong.

Playing It Safe

With this kind of attitude, you aren’t going to be taking too many chances. If you learn that failing even a litter penalizes you (e.g., being wrong only 15% of the time garners you only a “B” performance), you learn not to make mistakes. And more important, you learn not to put yourself to situation where you might fall. This leads to conservative thought pattern designed to avoid the stigma our society puts on “failure”.

I have a friend who recently graduated from college with a Master’s degree in Journalism. For the last six month, she has been trying to find a job, but to no avail. I talked with her about situation, and realized that her problem is that she doesn’t know how to fail. She went through eighteen years of schooling to try any approaches where she might fail. She has been conditioned to believe that failure is bad in and of itself, rather than a potential stepping-stone to new ideas.

Look around. How many middle managers, housewives, administrators, teachers, and other people do you see who are to try anything new because of this failure? Most of us have learned not to make mistakes in public. As a result, we remove ourselves from many learning experience except for those occurring in the most private of circumstances.

Different Logic

From a practical point of view, “to err is wrong” makes sense. Our survival in the everyday world requires us to perform thousand of small tasks without failure. Think about it: you wouldn’t last very long if you were to step out in front of traffic or stick your hand a pot of boiling water. In addition, engineers whose bridges collapse, stock brokers who lose money for their clients, and copywriters whose ad campaigns decrease sales won’t keep their jobs very long.

Nevertheless, too great an adherence to the belief “to err is wrong” can greatly undermine your attempts to generate new ideas. If you are more concerned with producing right answers than generating original ideas, you’ll probably make uncritical use of the rules, formulae, and procedures used to obtain these right answers. By doing this, you’ll by-pass the germinal phase of the creative process, and thus spend litter time testing assumptions, challenging the rules, asking what-if questions, or just playing around with the problem. All of these techniques will produce some incorrect answers, but in the germinal phase errors are viewed as a necessary by-product of creative thinking. As Yaz would put it, “if you want the hits, be prepared for the misses.” That’s the way the game of life goes.

Errors as Stepping Stones

Whenever an error pops up, the usual response is “Jeez, another screw up, what went wrong this time?” the creative thinker, on the other hand, will realize the potential value of errors, and perhaps say something like, “Would you look at that! Where can it lead our thinking?” and then he or she will go on to use the error as a stepping stone to a new idea. As a matter of fact, the whole history of discovery is filed with people who used erroneous assumptions and failed ideas as stepping-stones to new ideas. Columbus thought he was finding a shorter route to India. Johannes Kepler stumbled on to the idea of interplanetary gravity because of assumptions that were right for the wrong reasons. And, Thomas Edison knew 1800 ways not to build a light bulb.

The following story about the automotive genius Charles Kettering exemplifies the spirit of working through erroneous assumptions to good ideas. In 1912, when the automobile industry was just beginning to grow, Kettering was interested in improving gasoline engine efficiency. The problem he faced was“knockthe phenomenon in which gasoline takes too long to burn in the cylinder-thereby reducing efficiency.

Kettering began searching for ways to eliminate the “knock.” He thought to him, “How can I get the gasoline to combust in the cylinder at an earlier time?” the key concept here is “early”. Searching for analogous situations, he looked around for models of “things that happen early.” He thought of historical models, physical models, and biological models. Finally, he remembered a particular plant, the trailing arbutus, which “happens early,” i.e., it blooms in the snow (“earlier” than other plants). One of this plant’s chief characteristics is its’ red leaves, which help the plant retain light at certain wavelengths. Kettering figured that it must be the red color, which made the trailing arbutus bloom earlier.

Now came the critical step in Kettering’s chain of thought. He asked himself, “How can I make the gasoline red?” perhaps I’ll put red dye in the gasoline—maybe that’ll make it combust earlier.” He looked around his workshop, and found that he didn’t have any red dye. But he did happen to have some iodine—perhaps that would do. He added the iodine to the gasoline and, lo and behold, the engine didn’t “knock”.

[英语作文写作的需要背诵的部分

小时候，妈妈说我是个对文字痴迷的孩子。 当我还不会握笔的时候，我便用小手轻轻抚摸着书页里的文字，心中油生敬畏之情。

"妈妈，我看到字里边有天使在唱歌呢。"我抬头看着妈妈。"傻孩子，字里怎么会有天使呢?"妈妈轻拍我的小脑门。"天使藏在里边不让妈妈看见呢，我要把她找出来。"于是我很快便学着握笔写字。

我执拗地觉得只要我会写字，我心中那个天使就会出现，飞到我和妈妈身边。所以，我很认真，也很努力，握着铅笔，由横竖撇捺到一个个歪歪斜斜的`方块字，再到造句，写文章。

而天使，也一天天地随着我笔的舞动而清晰起来，我细细地用笔，用文字让她更实在……

小学的我是如此真切地热爱着作文!每到作文课，我不再和同桌开小差，拿着笔，在绿色的方格纸上尽情地抒写着我那充满童真的光怪陆离的梦幻。我深信天使在那小小的字行间必定也和我一起成长着，我那时笔下的文字，虽然幼稚，然而却常常得到老师的夸奖，我也得到了诵读于班上或是额外的写作辅导的奖赏。

你看你看，天使的脸正在浮现，在我小学的作文中，在我儿童的欢乐中……

上了中学，随着对文学作品的日渐喜爱，我更加坚定了对写作的热爱，也看见我心中的天使已在字里行间隐隐地出现了……

我开始投稿，然而每次寄出的稿件如石沉大海，毫无音讯。

我的写作梦想开始动摇，再加上成长的烦恼和生活挫折如潮水般袭来，我埋怨着命运不公，命运多舛，不再握笔作文，从此一蹶不振。

那一天在电视上看到雕刻家把石头雕成美丽的天使，那一刻，我受到了前所未有的震撼：我手中的笔正是雕刻家的刻刀，我也应用笔这一把"刻刀"雕出我心中的天使——我的梦想，我对生活的追求。

你看你看，天使的脸再一次清晰了…… 我重新握起笔，挥洒我的激情，描绘我的理想。生活的阳光也开始向我投向新的微笑。

我笔下的文字更显成熟理智了，我的作品渐渐开始被发表了，我对生命的热爱也日益增加了……

这一天，我拿着稿件录用通知和被印成铅字的文章，笑着抱着妈妈："妈妈，我把天使雕刻出来了!你看你看，天使的脸!"

"你这个对文字痴迷的傻孩子。"时光荏苒，我笔不倦，清茶一杯，夜灯一盏，再构一卷立体美文。

我梦不灭，我心不止，就让天使在文字里和我的理想和信念一同歌唱吧。

假定你是李华。你们学校和一所美国中学签署了教师交流协议。在过去的一年里，你们的英文老师是来自这所中学的Sue Wood。不久前她返回美国任教。请你根据和给Sue写封电子邮件。

写作要点：

1.对她表达感谢之意;

2.介绍她离开后你自己及班里发生的事情;

3.希望了解她的近况。

要求：

1.短文须写在答题卡的指定区域。

2.短文词数不少于100（不含已写好的部分）。

3.内容充实，结构完整，语意连贯。

4.书写须清晰、工整。

5.邮件中不能体现本人真实信息。

It’s almost a month since you left us. We all miss you and are very grateful for what you did for us.

你离开我们已经快一个月了。我们都很想念你，非常感谢你为我们所做的一切。

We are busy as usual. We had an English speech contest the other day. I won the first prize! This again reminds me of all your kind help. Do you still remember the trees we planted together on the hill behind the school? Yesterday, we went there and watered them. The tree you planted yourself is growing well, and the whole class decided to name it Sue Wood. Will you come back to see Sue Wood?

我们都很忙。那天我们有一次英语演讲比赛。我赢得了第一名！这再一次提醒我你的帮助。你还记得我们一起在山上种下的树吗？昨天，我们去那里浇水了。你种下的树长势良好，整个班级决定把它命名为“苏”。你回来看看苏木吗？

How is everything with you lately? We hope to know more about you and your American students. Hope to keep in close touch.

你近来一切都好吗？我们希望了解更多关于你和你的美国学生。希望保持密切联系。

All the best

所有最好的

Li Hua

李华

[中考英语满分作文精篇学习生活征文 study and life

But what are the reasons for our government to encourage college students to start their own undertakings? I think there are several reasons can account for it. First, it is a good way to relieve our social heavy employment pressure. If some students can start their own undertakings, they will not go to compete with others as well as provide some job opportunities for others. Second, encouraging college students to start their own undertakings is good for our national development in many aspects, such as commerce, industry. In addition, encouraging students to start their own undertakings has a contribution to encourage students to apply their knowledge to practice and then make their contribution to our motherland.

审题不抓关键词。

专家认为，在近几年的中考评卷中，发现相当一部分考生审题不抓关键词，这样在写作时就很难抓住重点，容易跑题。如

“动力来自……”这个作文题的关键词是“来自”，考生只有将“来自”作为重点才能写出好文章。

不少考生没有审题抓关键字的意识，看一眼题目就急着动笔，有的考生考前背过一些范文，一到考场就往里套，不仔细审题，这样最容易“下笔千言，离题万里。”要养成审题的习惯，对作文题目要逐字细看，明白题目的

要求后再下笔。

语言贫乏缺少文采。

专家说，有的考生写文章不会抒情议论，没有理性思辨语言，这样的作文很难拿到高分。考生在平时就要注意对语言素材的积累。

平时，考生可抽出时间阅读一些报纸杂志，如读者，每期都有不少亲情、励志方面的文章，对作文素材积累很有帮助。此外，还要注意古

诗词的积累，在文章中恰当地运用古诗词也是让文章增色的好办法。

文章较“平”缺少细节。

一些考生写的文章没有细节，没有重点，记“流水账”一样洋洋洒洒一大篇。在写作时要有两把剪刀，一把剪出自己最擅长的一件事，另一把在这件事中剪出要重点描写的部分。

如在写跑步时，早上怎么集合、怎么准备，都可以略写甚至不写，但发令枪响时自己如何紧张，跑的过程中

遇到的问题，这就需要详细描写。有细节的文章才有真情实感，才能打动人。一般来讲，一篇文章中抓住两个精彩的细节就够了，这需要考生平时苦练。

最近，天津滨海新区高一期末统考语文试卷的阅读题，选了毕飞宇的作品《苏北少年“堂吉诃德”》中《大地》的片段。考试结束之后，毕飞宇的微博就“炸”了，天津的中学生们纷纷跑到毕飞宇的微博下留言：请问毕飞宇老师，你文章《大地》厚重感到底体现在哪里?

虽然这一次毕飞宇没有直接说自己也不知道这道题的答案，但类似的作者答不出自己文章“中心思想”的例子，这些年其实是一再出现。

比如，韩寒就曾“细心地完成”了针对自己文章《求医》一节的中学语文阅读题，8道题只做对了3道。甚至，他选错了“画线句作者想要表达的意思”;而去年浙江高考的语文阅读题《一种美味》，因为“从锅里跳出来的鱼眼里发出诡异的光”，原作者被强大的网友找了出来，然而作者却表示：这题……我也不会做!

按理说，一篇文章表达了什么，哪句话背后体现了怎样的“潜台词”，作者本人应该最懂。可出题者硬是拿着作者本人都会“哑口无言”的题去考查学生，并根据“标准答案”判断对错，这样的现象着实有些尴尬，也无形中戳破了诸多教育迷思。

也有观点认为，阅读理解进入考试的目的是考察学生是否掌握了教育者传授的那套分析逻辑，而和作者自己的逻辑没有太大关系。这种说法似乎也算言之成理。但问题在于，既然考察的是教育者传授学生的分析逻辑，那是否一定只有“标准答案”才能体现学生的分析逻辑?这套“标准答案”本身又是否经得起推敲?如果标准答案真的只有一个，那作者本人不认同算不算是最明确的否定?

从提问方式看，不少阅读理解题往往都是直接向学生发问，作者表达的是什么意思，这种口吻首先就难免导向考生对作者个人“心思”的揣度，与基本逻辑分析反倒显得没多大关系。事实上，从一些作者本人都做不出题的尴尬可以看出，“标准答案”其实本就不存在。

正如毕飞宇在事后接受采访时所说，“我不认为让孩子们回答这个问题是合适的。所谓的“厚重感”，可能是老师们的阅读感受，要知道，孩子们的阅读能力与感受能力与老师的差距是巨大的，用成人的“感受”去考孩子，这里头有失公平。”

阅读理解，本身就应是一个开放的题，除了考察学生的理解能力、逻辑分析能力，另一个重要目的，应该是激发学生的表达欲。但目前的出题方式，直接让孩子去揣摩原作者的想法，或者干脆说是揣摩“标准答案”，确实不利于激发考生自我表达和思考的欲望。其导致的结果，要么是逼迫考生“为了得分强作解读”，要么是违背自己真实想法的“瞎编”。相比较考察目的的悖论，该题型对学生思考能力的压抑或更值得正视。虽说考试就是通过量化的方式来考核学生，但不区分客观与主观，统统以“标准答案”思维来限定学生自我表达和想象力的考查方式，或者说至少是这类题，确实需要改改了。

而类似的质疑，在有效的改变到来前，恐怕只会越来越多。毕飞宇的另外一番话，发人深省，“孩子们很可爱，通过微博向我提了一堆问题。我的第一感觉就是现在的孩子真是新人类，他们思考问题的方式和解决问题的方式和我们真是不一样了，怎么想起来这个方式的呢?精灵古怪的。在我看来，这就是创造性。我们在少年时代怎么可能这么干?即使脑子里有了创意，也不会执行，这说明孩子们的执行力也在提升。我喜欢这样的孩子。”

是的，孩子思考问题和解决问题的方式都已经变了，那我们的教育思维、考察孩子的方式，就更没有理由再停留在过去了。

今天我读了一则短文，短文中写的是杨振宁留学时，在实验物理方面很不顺，他选择了放弃，并在理论方面最终取得成就。读到这里我感触颇深。

在我们的一生中，选择几乎无处不在，面对选择时，每个人或许都有自己不同的答案，就像一个岔路口，无论前方的脚印的数目多少，也不代表你的选择，你的命运掌握在你自己手中。

其实，坐在这考场中的我们，不就正是一种选择吗?当初一天天数着日子的时候，当初不分昼夜的学习的时候，当初在电脑面前填写资料的时候，我们就已经做出了选择——我们选择了知识，选择了文化，选择了做一个有意义的人。而在人生中的一个岔路口，我，和大多数人一样，我，选择了那条无数脚印的路。

还记得那些曾经的选择吗?那些决定性的选择?

我，永远铭记着，那个夜晚。正是那个夜晚，在周恩来，朱德等人的领导下，南昌起义拉开了序幕，这不仅仅是打响了武装反抗国民党统治的第一枪，更是一个选择，他们选择了反抗，选择了斗争，更是选择了正义。面对血腥屠杀?面对黑洞洞的枪口?在我们选择了正义和反抗的时刻，这些就已经无足轻重了。

我，永远铭记着，那些法令。正是那些法令激化了美英之间的矛盾，使得美国独立战争爆发。哪怕他们曾经是一个国家，哪怕是英国占据的美洲大陆，哪怕英军的实力远远高于美军。但当英国选择了剥削，选择了压迫，选择了遏制一个民族的兴起，当他们选择了血腥、镇压、屠杀时。我明白，那些已经无足轻重了

面对着，历史中的硝烟战场，回顾着，历历在目的反抗与压迫，惦念着，数不胜数的民族英雄，他们之间有一个共性。当他们选择了正义，选择了真理时，他们选择了未来——他们将胜利。若有人选择了反动，选择了一己私利，选择了自私，选择了欺凌弱小时，他们选择了过去——他们将离开世界，被尘封在历史之中

选择决定成败，在以后，那遥远的人生旅途中，我们还有好远要走，这就像来到一个个陌生的城市一样，看见那一个个的岔路口了吗?那些就是考验你的时候了，那些就是留给你自己去选择的了。

用你的心去考虑，考虑你的选择，你自己的选择，因为它们决定着你的未来，未来的命运。

记住，选择决定成败。

考场是指考试的场所，或者说实施考试的封闭空间。那又是一个展示自我的地方，小编收集了2018年最新考场作文技巧，欢迎阅读。

一、精心拟题。古人说："题好一半文。"新闻工作者说："标题，是新闻的眼睛。""一个好标题，可以代替一篇社论。"这都强调了标题对于文章的重要作用。因此，标题的拟定，是文章写作的重要部分之一。标题拟作通常有以下几种方法：画龙点睛法，形象化法，修辞法，借用、化用法，幽默、讽刺法，悬念法，反常法，诗化法等等。当然，拟题的方法远不止如此。好的题目，或容易吊起读者的胃口，增强阅读兴趣;或赏心悦目，充满诗意;或提示全文，浑然一体;或幽默风趣，韵味十足;或委婉含蓄，认识深刻……既然标题是文章的眼睛，那么谁能不喜欢那水汪汪的水灵灵的大眼睛呢?所以，写作时精心拟题，就会给阅卷老师留下过目不忘，一见钟情的好感，自会获得阅卷老师的青睐与好感。

二、善于选材。文章写作不外乎写什么和怎么写两个方面，而写什么永远比怎么写更为重要。这就涉及到文章的选材问题。清代著名的文章家袁枚论诗文的选材时讲过一段生动的话，他说：熊掌、豹胎，是名贵的菜肴，但如果陈腐变味，还不如吃鲜菜鲜笋;牡丹、芍药，是富丽的花卉，但如果剪撷下来，还不如欣赏生气勃勃的野草山花。文章选材，也应当避免那些陈腐老套的内容，而选取新鲜活泼、充满时代气息的题材。求新，是选材的首要标准。时代在变化，历史在发展，作为反映客观事物的文章，也应当敏感地选取新人新事，反映新面貌，新情况。茅盾先生说，"读者大众急不可耐地要求知道生活在昨天所起的变化，作家要迫切地将社会上最新发生的观念解剖给读者大众看。"我们写作文，也应当从小学会敏感地发现、选取新鲜的材料。要选取那些具有强烈的时代色彩，反映着今天社会的节奏和脉搏;具有独特的体验，给人以新的思想和启迪。需要注意的是文章写作要围绕中心来选材，鲁迅曾说"选材要严，开掘要深",选材的目的是为了把主题表现得更充分、突出。因此，必须根据主题选材。另外，还要选取自己最熟悉的并能更好把握的材料来写作，这样才能写出自己的真情实感，写出富有较强表现力与感染力的文章来，以引起读者的感情共鸣，取得意想不的艺术效果。

三、巧于构思。在考试有限的时间内，要有快速构思的能力与技巧，其中最关键的是要写好开头、结尾，处理好照应。文章的开头在文章中占有特殊的地位，它关联到全文的内容，直接影响着文章的表达效果。古人曾对文章开头有诸多论述，如明人谢榛说："起句当如爆竹",也有人说，开头当如"凤头",又有人说，起句要"美丽",清代李渔则说："开卷之初，当以奇句夺目，使之一见而惊，不敢弃去。"后人这样概括开头的要求为：一见钟情，一见如故，一箭中的。要写好文章的开头得下苦功夫。高尔基在谈到写作时说："最难的是开始，就是第一句话，如同在音乐上一样，全曲的音调都是它给与的，平常得好久的去寻找它。"可见，要有一个好的开头，非得下苦功夫不可。结尾也是文章的重要组成部分。结尾的好坏对突出文章主题、加强它的感染力是很大的。"编筐编篓，全在收口".清人归有光说："殊不知一篇命脉归束在此，须要言有尽而意无穷，三叹而有余者，方为妙手。"因此，写作时必须在结尾处多多用心。巧妙照应的技巧可以使文章前后笔调一致，气脉贯通，行文流畅，也是写作时需要注意的。

文章的写作是有规律可循的，是有方法可探的。如果能够有意识地去模仿练习探索研究，也能够在有限的考试时间内写出文采斐然的佳作来，你的才华才能个性灵气定会在考场作文这块试金石前光芒四射!

小学语文教材所选课文，体裁全面，文章内容丰富，语言优美，事例典型，描写生动、形象，如果能以课文为例，指导学生写作，会收到良好的效果。边学习课文，边指导学生写作，重点放在指导学生学习作者的写作方法上，从文章的结构和写法进行习作练习。我主要从以下两方面入手进行指导。

一、质疑课题，学会审题

审题，是写命题作文的基础，也是作文成败的关键之一。审题，就是仔细分析题目，弄清题目的意义和要求，确定选材范围，决定与题目相适应的体裁、内容、写作方法和主题确定。审题的成功与否，关系到文章材料的选择，只有审清了题，才能紧扣主题构思选材。要想准确无误地审清题目，就能掌握一些审题方法。如何才能使学生学会审题，我通过引导学生质疑课题，来学习审题的方法。

1.质疑体裁，确定文章类型

审题首先要确定文章体裁。因此，每当出示课题时，我都让学生从体裁方面质疑。文章体裁分为记叙文、说明文和议论文，记叙文是中年级常见的体裁，也是作文训练的重点。记叙文又分为写人、记事、活动、状物、写景五种类型。而课文中都有它自身的“标志”，抓住了显现习作类型“标志”的关键词语质疑，就可以确定课题是属于哪种体裁，如《燕子》、《翠鸟》、《荷花》等，是以动植物名字为题的，学生质疑时就已确定是状物的文章；《燕子专列》、《路旁的橡树》、《可贵的沉默》等课文，学生在质疑时无法确定是什么类型，当提出“燕子能自己飞行，为什么还设专列？”“长在路旁的橡树怎么了？”“沉默为什么是可贵的？”等问题后，同学们一下子就确定了是记事的文章。《卖木雕的少年》、《她是我的朋友》，提出“卖木雕的少年是一个怎样的人？”“她是怎样的人？我又是怎样的人？”可以确定是写人的文章。

2.质疑要求，确定文章范围

通过对课文的质疑，在确定课文体裁类型的同时确定题目所划定的范围。在题目所给定的范围内选材，才能使文章内容切题，重点突出。如，《卖木雕的少年》一文，我先提出“卖木雕的少年是一个怎样的人？”“他具有怎样的特点？”等问题，通过质疑，确定了主要内容是写人物形象。通过具体的言行描写来突出人物特点，也就是人物的精神风貌、性格特征、道德情操等。《争吵》一文质疑课题时提出“为什么发生争吵？”、“是怎样争吵的？”、“争吵的结果怎样？”这是紧扣记事文的要素来写的，要把诸要素交代清楚，把事件的脉络及发展过程叙述明白。《荷花》、《燕子》、《翠鸟》质疑时提出“荷花（燕子、翠鸟）长什么样？”这就要抓住外形来写，抓住物体的形状、颜色等，按一定的顺序写下来，这就按状物文章的范围确定。

3.质疑“题眼”，确定文章重点

质疑课题还要根据题目所给的条件来把住“题眼”质疑，把握住了“题眼”就把握住了文章的重点。如，《可贵的沉默》的题眼就是“沉默”，学生质疑时提出“为什么沉默？”也就把握住了“沉默”的原因是什么这个重点。由抓住课文题眼质疑，引导学生分类区别，把握写作重点，如《我学会了……》，题眼就是“学会”这个过程；《贴鼻子》，题眼就是“贴”的方法；《发生在教室的一件事》，题眼就是“教室”这个特定空间，这样学生在质疑时就确定了文章要写的重点。

二、联系课文内容，学习恰当选材

课文中选材，作者是根据题目来定的，在学生学会审题的基础上，指导他们学习作者是怎样紧扣题目来选材，是写好作文的关键，因此在平常的教学过程中，我十分注重对学生选材能力的训练。上学期的作文指导课，尽管我从多角度指导学生选材，但大多数学生的作文题材仍普遍流于一般化，原因是学生不会把握重点选材料，往往是有材料就匆匆动笔，导致了以上问题。本学期，我每上一课，都注重指导学生学习作者是怎样选材的。

以《争吵》为例。我指导学生选择经历过的真实的事来写。写文章贵在写出自己的真情实感，而自己的日常生活就是作文取之不竭的源泉。凡是日常生活中所听到的、看到的、想到的、遇到的，不论大小好坏，都可入文，都可作为作文的素材。《争吵》的作者就写了自己和同学发生的矛盾，写得真实，让人读来觉得很亲切。学习完课文后，我指导写《发生在教室的一件事》，同学们选材就很恰当，大多数同学选了本周杨宁同学生病了在教室里呕吐的事，因为是一件真实的事情，学生有话可说，写得有条理，突出了主题，而且内容充实。

我们的生活本来就是平平淡淡的，学生的生活更是简单，每天从家里到学校，再从学校到家里，两点一线，要求学生写出不平凡的事儿来，就等于逼迫学生抄袭和胡编乱造，而且会使学生视作文为负担。因此让学生选择身边的事来写，这样学生就有话可说，有内容可写。在学习《绝招》一课时，我让学生从课文中所写的人物具有的绝招来分析，让学生明白，其实他们身上有的本领，我们同学身上就有，作者正是选择了很平常的事来描写人物，才能让读者产生共鸣。在指导《我学会了……》习作时，我指导学生选择自己真正掌握的一项本领来写，一定会更感人。结果有同学写了自己学会了叠被子、学会了扫地、学会了洗碗，甚至有同学写了“我学会了喂猪”，都是自己的亲身经历又很平常的事，反而显得“新颖独特”。

“授之以鱼不如授之以渔”，让学生掌握方法，领悟其中的道理后，再去实践，作文教学其实就在课文教学的过程中逐渐地完成了。

大多数学生写作文是一件难事。这不是学生的错，如何帮学生克服写作文的难关了，是老师应该考虑的问题。下面是小学作文写作的方法指导，欢迎查阅！

一、怎样写人

写人，是小学作文训练的基本功之一。在记叙文中，人和事是不可分的，关键是看题目如何要求。要求写事的题目，文中的人要为事服务；要求写人的题目，文中的事必须为人服务。写人为主的记叙文，就是要通过一件或几件事，来表现人物一种或多种品质。写人的继续文，叙事不要求完整；记事的记叙文，虚实要求完整，而且要贯穿文章始终。

（一）通过一件事来写人

通过一件事来写人，通常是表现人物的一种品质或性格的一个方面。为了刻画人物，对所写人物必须进行必要的外貌、语言、动作、心理等方面的描写。但是，从以事写人这个角度来说，最好是选择一件最能反映此人某一特点的事，并把这件事写好。 在写事情的时候，要选择典型的事例。所谓典型，就是能集中反映中心思想的事，能够表现人物的好思想、好品质、美好情感的事。对小学生来说，选择典型事例，要着眼于小事，选择那些最能反映深刻意义的小事。这样的事表面上看，都是普普通通的凡人小事，但是其中却蕴涵着深刻的意义，这就是我们常说的“小中见大”。

（二）通过几件事写人

可以分成两种情况：以是用几件事表现某个人的一种品质；二是用几件事表现某个人的多种品质。 要注意：用几件事写人，这些事可以是完整的，作者必须把事情发生的时间、地点、人物、事件（起因、经过、结果），一一交代清楚，也可以是不完整的，只着重于某几点进行叙述。更多的是在一篇文章中，有的事详写；有的事略写；有的事要求写得比较完整，有的事要求写得比较简单。 通过几件事写人，同样要对人物进行必要的外貌、行动、语言、心理的描写。

（三）学会刻画人物

写人的文章要会在叙事的过程中，对最能表现人物思想感情、性格特点的外貌、语言、动作、心理活动等方面进行描写，也就是学会刻画人物。

1. 也叫肖像描写，是通过对人物的容貌、神情、衣着、姿态、语调、外貌特征的描写。来揭示人物性格的一种方法。人物的的外貌和人物内心世界密切的联系，具体说：通过外貌描写，使人物的形象更丰满，能给读者留下深刻印象；通过外貌描写，揭示人物的身份；通过外貌描写，展示人物在特定场合的内心世界；通过外貌描写，表现人物性格、精神面貌和思想品质。

总之，外貌描写要和表现人物特点、突出文章的中心思想紧密配合。外貌描写要传神，切忌脸谱化，反对那种部分主次，从头写到脚、千人一貌的写法。

2. 语言描写有对话和独白两种。

对话是两个人或几个人的谈话；独白是人物的自言自语。语言是人物内心世界的直接表露，对表现人物的思想性格起重要作用。有个性特点的语言可以起到“闻其言，见其人”的作用。语言描写要注意以下两点：一是文章中人物的语言要精心筛选，把那些足以能表现人物的个性特点、最能表现中心思想的语言，写进文章中；二是好的语言描写，一定是符合当时的情景，符合人物的性格、身份、性别、年龄和文化修养等方面的特点。 对话描写有四种形式：说的话写在后面，说话人后面用引号；说的话在前，说话人写在后，用引号、句号；前后各引一句或几句，中间交代谁说的，用逗号；只写人物语言，不写说话人。这四种形式要根据实际需要灵活事业，避免行文死板。

3. 动作描写

是通过人物的行动、动作，来表现人物的思想性格的一种方法。一个人的行为、动作，往往是他的思想感情、性格特征的最真实的外化。看一个人，不仅要听他怎么说，更要卡他如何做，正所谓“听其言，观其行”，因此，动作描写是直接刻画人物形象，展示人物精神面貌，把人物写“活”的重要手段。那么，怎样描写人物的动作呢？

首先，要选择关键性的动作来写。一个人做事的时候，会有许多动作。但他们不可能、也没有必要把这些动作一个不少地都写出来。这就要求选择那些关键性的、最有意义的动作来写。

其次，要写准确。同一个动作可以用很多动词来表示，但只有那些有特色，最能反映人物气质的动词，才能把人写“活”。有一位作家说过，最难的不是写动作，而是写出有特点的动作，从动作中写出人来。

4.心理描写

心理的人物内心的活动，是无声的语言。人物内心世界，指人物内心的喜、哀、乐、忧伤、犹豫、嫉妒、向往等复杂的感情。在写人的文章中，恰当地描写人物心理，可以更有效地刻画人物，突出中心思想。心理描写的要求是：要真实，要有根据；人物的心理变化要自然，合情合理；心理描写要为文章的中心思想服务；在描写人物的心理活动时，要客观、谨慎，不能以己之心，度人之意。

小学生作文时，大多采用第一人称（“我”活“我们”），采用这种人称作文，就不能用“他想” 的形式来写人物的心理活动，因为“我”不可能钻到别人的脑子里去看。此时，可以换一种方式--在描写人物的语言、神态、动作上下功夫，这样可能更合情理，使人感到真实可信。

心理描写除了用“我想”之外，还可以采用以下几种方法。

（1）提出问题，引入所想的内容。

（2）使用假设，流露心理活动。

（3）字里行间，流露着“想”。

（4）直接抒发心中所想。

二、怎样写事

写事要求清楚、具体。一件事情的发生，总离不开时间、地点、人物和事情的起因、经过、结果。这就是人们常说的“记叙文六要素”。把这六个方面写清楚了，才能让读者明白究竟是一件什么事。同时，还要寓理于事，即通过一件事或几件事来说明一个道理。在六要素当中，起因、经过、结果是事情的主要环节。其中，“经过”部分又是事情的核心，是全文成败的关键所在。在小学生的作文里，“经过”部分写得不具体是带有普遍性的问题。小学生的继续文不感人，平淡乏味，这是其中一个重要原因。记事的记叙文可分两种：写事和写活动。

（一）怎样写事

一是把“经过”部分分成几个阶段，然后按照先后顺序一层一层地写得清楚。写的时候多文几个“后来怎样”，文章就具体了。

二是注意材料的详略，有所侧重。对一些重要的过程、场面要细致描绘，使读者有如身临其境。

三是对事件中的人物，特别是主要人物，当时是“怎么说的”、“怎么做的”，又是“怎么想的”，一定要写具体。

（二）怎样写活动

活动都是有目的、有形式、有过程的。搞什么活动？为什么搞活动？则眼搞活动？活动的结果怎样？都要写清楚。写活动也要求写清楚“六要素”，要把活动的时间、地点、人物和活动开始、经过、结果写出来。 在整个活动当中，不是写一个人，二是写一群人；不是用一两件事来写人物，而是通过写一个活动场面，来表现人物的精神面貌。写活动的记叙文，最大的特点就是必须有活动的基本内容、主要过程和重要场面。把印象最深刻的内容作为重点，把自己看到的、听到的、亲身经历的主要部分记叙下来，采用点面结合的方法，既要写好群体活动，又要把个体代表写进去；既要写整个场面，又要突出典型人物。

写活动的文章一般包括两大部分：一是活动的经过，二是自己的感受。如果写“参观”活动，就要用“观一处，感一处”的方法。写整个活动的过程，要用顺叙法，即按活动的先后顺序，把活动时间、地点、人物及活动的经过和结果依次写出来。

三、怎样写景

描写景物，表现独特的自然景观和地域风貌，赞美祖国的壮丽山河和大自然的奇妙，是记叙文的又一个重要类型。写景的记叙文有什么特点呢？

首先，景物有狭义和广义之分。狭义的景物指提供人观赏的风景、建筑等；广义的景物指自然景观和人文景观，即自然环境和身会环境。换句话说，记叙文中的景物描写是指对自然风光、建筑物、动物、植物等事物的描写，所描写的景物在文章里占重要位置，这是写景记叙文与写人记事的记叙文的主要区别写人记事的记叙文中，有对自然环境和人物活动的背景介绍、环境描写，但它们在文章中不是主要内容，是为交代事件发生的时间、地点、环境，为渲染气氛服务的。同理，写景记叙文里也有写人叙事的内容，但都是为写景服务的。

其次，写景记叙文的中心思想是通过对景物的描写和人物感情抒发表达出来的。作者可以在文章中直接抒发感情，即所谓直抒胸臆，也可以通过写景表达出来，即所谓寓请于景；还可以在景物描写中蕴涵自己的主观感受，即所谓情景交融。要注意景物描写必须为人物的思想感情服务，与人物的思想感情相一致，不能孤立地、无目的地写景。

怎样写好写景的记叙文？

（一）要写出有特色的景物

一般来说，景物是各有特色的。同样都是公园，但每个公园都有各自的独特之处。例如，北海公园的白塔、九龙壁、颐和园的香阁、十七孔桥；天坛公园的祈年殿、回音壁；紫竹院公园的竹子；香山公园的红叶等。同样是山，我国的四大名山各领风骚，独具特色。同样是水，长江、黄河源远流长，孕育了中华文明数千载。或烟波浩渺、横无涯际；或奔腾咆哮、气势磅礴。这些景色都以其特有的鲜明的特点闻名于世，只有把它们的独特之处描绘出来，才能给人一种身临其境之感，使人得到美的陶冶和享受。

（二）要学会观察

写景作文和看图作文有相似之处，都是以观察作为写作的前提。观察景物与观察图画不同，观察景物要确定观察点，也就是观察景物的立足点。观察点不同，所看到的景物也就不同。宋代文学家苏轼有《题西林壁》：“横看成岭侧成峰，远近高低各不同。不识庐山真面目，只缘身在此山中。”由于观赏庐山的角度不同，所看到的景象，所获得的感受也就迥然不同了.

（三）要借助想象和联想

（四）写景要抒情

写景，不仅是客观事物的再现，更是作者主观感情的外观。景是外在的，情是内在的，正所谓“情随物迁，辞以情发”。景是情产生的基础，情是景的产物。因此，要求小学生不要单纯写景，而是要借助景物，抒发一定的思想感情。当然，这种感情必须发自内心，而不是无病呻吟。

五、怎样状物

状物作文，是小学生作文训练中的一个重要项目。所谓状物，就是具体、形象地描写物体的特征、形态、色彩、质地等。这个物还应该包括动物、植物等类。由于不同的物有不同的特点，所以状物的方法也不一样。

（一）怎样写物品

1.抓住特征

从大小、形状、颜色、质地（制造材料）等方面，对所写的物品仔细观察。因为不同的物品有不同的特点，即使是同一种物品，也会有某些席位的区别，也有它自己的独特之处。蛛蛛物品的特点写，就是抓住了这一物品是区别于另一物品的地方写。

2.按照一定的顺序写

（1）按总一分一总的顺序写。

（2）按物品各部分的空间顺序写。

（3）有的物品，须按先外后内的顺序写，即先写外表，后写内里的顺序。

3.状物需要想象和联想

展开想象和联想，不仅使所状之物更加具体生动，还可以开拓作品的意境，增强文章的感染力。

（二）怎样写动物

大多数小学生都喜爱小动物，看了以后总想把它们写出来来。到底用什么方法，才能写好描写小动物的作文呢？

1.写外形

首先，观察小动物（包括昆虫）的外形，一般是写小动物的静态。在观察时，包括颜色、长相、个头都要如实写出来。其次，要抓住特点，不能面面俱到什么都写。三是按顺序：先整体一再局部一最后整体。概括写整体，具体写局部，用总分关系的句群。最后，为使描写更形象、具体，要展开丰富的想象，恰当地运用比喻。特别要注意提醒小学生“像--”、“犹如--”、“仿佛--”等喻词的使用。

2.写习性

写小动物，还要细心观察它们的动作、静态和生活习性，这些是小动物的动态方面。例如写它们吃食物、嬉戏的样子，相互追逐争斗的情形，如何筑巢、休息的情况，等等。

小动物也 感情、情绪，这要靠小学生从它们的叫声和动作中，用拟人的方法去体会和想象，这样就能写出小动物的性格，显示出它们的活泼和可爱，实际上也就写出了小学生自己的感情。

（三）怎样写植物

提起植物，小学生的脑海力会出现许多花草树木的样子，但是要将平时熟悉的植物写成作文，很多同学却感到很难，有的觉得无话可写，有的三言两语就写完了。怎样才能写好植物呢？首先，写前要细心观察所写的植物，并做观察记录。观察时，先看整体的形状（外形）特征；再看颜色、枝叶的细部特征及生长环境，并把所看到的详细情况记录下来。其次，安排好写作顺序。

1.可以从整体到局部

先写植物的整体特征，再写它的局部特征。例如以主干、枝、叶、花、果等为序，并突出写其中的一两部分。另外写的时候，要求学生从各个角度去详细地描绘、刻画。例如描写树叶，就写它们的形状、颜色和给人的感觉等；描写花，就写它们的大小、香味、色彩、花期等，使人有如身临其境。

2.按照植物的生长过程进行观察

很多植物的生长、发育、开花、结果直至衰亡，每个时期的形态各不相同的，所以，可以按照植物的生长过程进行观察。

3.写观察日记

可以用写观察日记的方法。来描述某种植物在一段时间里的生长、发育情况。

4.以四时变化为序

很多植物在不同的季节里割据特色，所以，还可以其四时的变换顺序。

5.托物抒怀，借物咏志

写植物，不能仅仅停留在对外形和色彩的描写上，还应该在文章中表达作者的思想感情。例如，感悟人生的哲理、高尚的道德情操、对美好理想的追求等等。用这种方法，要借助例文进行必要的指导，培养学生丰富的联想能力，在描摹植物形态的同时，赋予它们一定的象征意义。

六、怎样写游记

在节假日，小学生在父母和老的在节假日，小学生在父母和老师的带领下，到公园和游览区欣赏景物、陶冶性情。如果将游览时看到的景物，所听到的声音，所产生的联想，所获得的感受，按照一定的顺序，有重点、有感情地记录下来，就是一篇游记。写游记有如下一些要求。

（一）写游记必须写清游踪

要记住从什么地方到了什么地方，每个地方的名称，以及每个地方的方位。这样读者才能搞清楚你先到什么地方。后到什么地方，才能确定你所要描述的景物的具体位置以及它的特征，唤起读者对你所游览之处的神往之情。同时，也使文章福有条理，层次清晰。

（二）要留心观察

观察是写好游记的基础。游览时，不能走马观花，要仔细观察。所谓仔细观察，就是要看景物的形状、颜色、质地是怎样的，静态下什么样，动态下又是什么样，等等。只有这样，在写作时可选的材料才多，才便于把景物写具体、写出特点来。另外，在观察的时候，还要按一定的顺序，或由近及远，又远到近；或从上到下，从下到上；或从里到外，从外到里；或从中间到两边，从两边到中间；或从整体到局部，从局部到整体。按照这样顺序去观察，彩绘全面，描写时彩绘有条理。

（三）要做记录

学生游览的时候，看的东西多，去的地方也比较广，一时很难记住，就是当时记住了，过后也难免遗忘，不利于组织作文。为了避免这种情况，游览时要求学生带上笔和本，边观察、边记录，随看随记，就不会忘记了，写作文的时候还便于选择。另外，公园和修蓝区的有些景物带有介绍。例如，辞经管是何时建造的，经历了哪些发展阶段，占地面积是多少，包含着怎样动人的故事和美丽的传说等等。这些资料很有可能成为学生作文时的宝贵材料，应该要学生记录下来。 在游览之后，要求学生及时地把自己观察到的和记录的材料整理归类，看看哪些是属于作文需要的材料，哪些需要详写，哪些需要略写，做到心中有书，为下一步作文做好准备工作。可以要求学生按照下面的表格整理材料。

状物作文，是小学生作文训练中的一个重要项目。所谓状物，就是具体、形象地描写物体的特征、形态、色彩、质地等。这个物还应该包括动物、植物等类。由于不同的物有不同的特点，所以状物的方法也不一样。

​导语：要想写好英语作文，我们平时就得多练习，下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

1、On thecontrary, there are some people in favor of ___.At the same time, they say____.

相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为……。

2、People may havedifferent opinions on taking exercise is closely related to health.

人们对…可能会有不同的见解。

3、Attitudes towards(drugs) vary from person to person.

人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异。

4、There are differentopinions among people as to…

关于…。 人们的观点大不相同。

5、Different peoplehold different attitudes toward (failure).

对(失败)人们的态度各不相同。

6、A lot of peopleseem to think that…

很多人似乎认为…

7、It is commonlybelieved that… / It is a common belief that…

人们一般认为…

8、Many peopleinsist that…

很多人坚持认为…

9、I think / Idont think that …我认为，…… / 我认为……不

I wonder whether … 我想知道是否……

He doesnt think I should stop him joining theclub. 他认为我不应该阻止他参加这个俱乐部。

10、so …that … 如此 …，以至于…

At that moment, I was so upset that I wantedto give up.

当时，我非常伤心，最后都想放弃了。

话题作文的题目大，范围宽，选材有一定的难度，每每让学生难以下手。下面是小编整理的话题作文的写作技巧，欢迎阅读。

1、不要把话题当文章。话题作文的导语提供的是写作范围，并非作文题目。人家的话题是什么，你就以什么为题，否则就有可能出现不应有的失误，出力不讨好。

2、不要以为“文体不限”就是“不要文体”。如果不管文体，信马由缰，文章就会不伦不类。所以一定要选定一种文体，然后按这一文体的有关要求写作。

3、不要摘录导语。不少考生误将导语作为材料作文的“材料”，一开篇就“引”入文中，然后才开始或编述故事，或展开议论，这样的开篇自然也就成为文章的一大败笔。

4、不要泛泛而谈。有些学生“拿”起话题就写，根本没考虑“大题小做”，浮光掠影，泛泛而谈，致使作文中充满了大话、假话、空话、套话，全文找不出明晰的中心。

5、不要游离“话题”。少数同学对“话题”不假思索，写出来的文章根本没有触及话题，甚至与“话题有关的词眼也找不到，完全成了自由作文。因此，写作前一定要读懂“话题”，写作中一定要扣住话题。其实，有的文章只要在恰当的地方点示一下话题，文章就不担心离题了。

以写人为主的记叙文，应该注意肖像描写、行动描写、语言描写、心理描写以及对细节的描写，考生应根据写作的要求，灵活掌握，突出重点。

以写事为主的记叙文，应该注意交待六要素(时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果)，应该注意描写先后顺序以及记事的相对完整，注意把握好事情的开始、发展、高潮及结局。

以与景为主的记叙文，应该注意景物的主要特征，景物描写的层次，以及人与物的情感交融。

记叙文写作要点如下：

1、明确写作目的和叙述的中心思想，段落叙述始终围绕着主题而展开，避免空间的叙述和与主题无关的内容。

2、 一篇好叙述文需要直接或间接表达以下六个问题，即：when该事发生的时间， where该事发生的地点，who人物角色是谁，what发生的是什么事，why该事发生的原因，以及how事件的结果是如何造成的等等。

3、一篇记叙文，无论长短如何都应该是一个完全独立的事实，因此，在下笔时必须明确：该从何处开始叙述，该在何处结束叙述，以及应该提供何种事实才能使叙述完整。

4、写作顺序可以采用“顺叙”、“倒叙”和“穿插叙述”的方法，但初学者最好采用“顺叙”的方法进行训练，以情节发生时间的先后为序

【示例一】

① Accordingly, it is vital for us to derive positive implications from these though-provoking drawings. ②On the one hand, we can frequently use them to enlighten that (主题). ③On the other hand, we should be sensible enough to ________(观点/态度). ④Only by ________(段落总结句), and only in this way can we have a brilliant future.

【示例二】

①The effects of which has produced on can be boiled down to two major ones. ②First, ________(影响一). ③More importantly, ________(影响二). ④Hence, I believe that we will see a ________(提出展望)./ Nevertheless, I do not think we will see a ________(或反面展望).

逆向思维法是指为实现某一创新或解决某一因常规思路难以解决的问题，而采取反向思维寻求解决问题的方法。在做英语书面表达题时，我们亦可借鉴这种方法，从研究高考对书面表达的要求入手，以及阅卷者的感受，去迎合他们的要求，从而做到有的许矢，以求短时期内取得对书面表达的突破。

我们可以从高考作文的评分标准及阅卷的角度来审视一下对写作的要求，看看在他们的眼中优秀作文的共同点有哪些，哪些又是主要的失分点。通过研究高考书面表达卷评分标准，我们可清楚地发现，一篇高分书面表达必须具有以下特点：

内容要点齐全，清楚地表达了自己的观点并进行了充分合理的论证;

准确性高，描述恰当，时态、人称符合文章要求，语法、句法准确无误，结构严谨，标点、格式、大小写亦能正确应用;

连贯性好，衔接语使用恰当，全文结构紧凑;

使用了一些较为复杂的词汇，句式，能体现出较强的语言运用能力;

开头、结尾富有特色不落俗套，给人耳目一新的感觉。

通过对高考评分标准的研究，我们可能发现高分作文有着共同的优点。我们在平时就要严格遵循书面表达的要求，认真训练，积极发现自己的问题并做出有针对性地改进。

摘抄即从文刊、文件等里阅读 ，再把语言优美，值得品析，值得学习的词语， 句子，段落记录到本子上，闲暇时，拿出来翻阅。下面是小编收集整理的英语的好词好句摘抄，希望对你有所帮助！

英语的好词好句摘抄

1.On the one hand, on the other,   一方面；另一方面

On the one hand, the plan is pretty good; On the other, it does bring us some bad effects.

一方面，这计划相当好；另一方面，这计划给我们带来一些坏的影响。

2. Last but not least,             最后但同样重要的是...

Last but not least, we should not forget the importance of friendship.

最后但同样重要的是，我们不应该忘记友谊的重要性。

3. make a difference                    有影响，很重要

Your attitude towards life and study makes a great difference.  你对待生活和学习的态度很重要。

4. benefit a lot from...           从...受益良多

You can benefit a lot from teachers’ advice. 你能从老师的建议中受益良多。

5. look forward to (doing)s.th         期待着做...

I’m always looking forward to giving you a great surprise.  我一直期待着给你一个极大的惊喜。

6. have a good knowledge of...           了解.../懂得...

After reading the text, you’ll have a good knowledge of the Chinese history.

在看过这篇文章后，你将对中国历史有一种很好的了解。

7. What matters is not...but...      重要的不是...而是...

What matters is not money but your attitude towards work. 重要的不是钱而是你对待工作的态度。

8. It makes sense to do...         做...是合理的/有意义的

It makes sense to set downs your feelings in a diary. 把你的感觉写在日记里是有意义的。

9. prefer to do...rather than do...    宁愿做...而不愿做什么...

We prefer to stay at home rather than go fishing at weekends.   我们宁愿周末待在家里而不愿去钓鱼。

10. grow crazy about...            对...狂热/着迷

Teenagers usually grow crazy about everything to do with sports.  青少年通常对与体育有关的一切着迷。

11. persuade s.b to do...           说服某人做...

I couldn’t persuade him to give up smoking.  我不能说服他戒烟。

12. be fond of doing...            喜欢做...

She is really fond of singing and dancing.她真得喜欢唱歌和跳舞。

13. make up one’s mind to do...     下定决心做...

I have made up my mind to learn a third language. 我已下定决心学习另一门外语。

14. dream about/of doing...         梦想着做...

I used to dream about/of traveling to the moon.我过去常梦想着去月球旅行。

15. feel like doing s.th             想要做...

He felt like taking a walk along the river.  他想要沿着河边散步。

16. can hardly wait to do...         迫不及待地做...

They could hardly wait to open the gifts.他们迫不及待地打开礼物。

17. think little of...               对...不在意

Everybody thought little of the reason for the illness.每个人对这种疾病不在意。

18. offer guidance to s.b          给某人提供指导

Teachers are willing to offer guidance to anyone in trouble.老师情愿给有麻烦的人提供指导。

19. remain to be done            仍然有待于...

A lot of problems remain to be dealt with in the future.许多问题在未来仍待于解决。

20. An increasing number of people          越来越多的人...

An increasing number of people are concerned about health.越来越多的人关心健康。

21. Something must be done.                必须采取措施

Something must be done to help those homeless children. 必须采取措施帮助那些无家可归的孩子们。

22. Only by this means/in this way can you...     只有这样...你才能...

Only by this means/in this way can you succeed.只有这样，你才能成功。

23. It must be admiited that...                必须承认...

It must be admitted that he knows much about education.必须承认他对教育懂得很多。

24. There is no doubt that...                 毫无疑问...

There is no doubt that I will leave you soon.毫无疑问，我将很快离开你们。

25. It is one thing to do..., but it’s quite another to do...做...是一回事，而做...是另一回事

It is one thing to listen to teachers’ advice, but it’s quite another to put it into practice.

听老师的建议是一回事，而将其付诸实践是另一回事。

26. have a bad/good effect on...             对...带来坏的/好的影响

Fresh air has a good effect on our body and health. 新鲜的空气对我们的身心带来好的影响。

27. There was a time when...               曾经有段时间...

There was a time when I grow crazy about movies.

28. It’s no pleasure doing...                做...没有乐趣

It’s no pleasure listening to music all day long.一整天听音乐没有乐趣。

29. As a matter of fact,                    事实上；实际上

As a matter of fact, I have a wonderful dream.事实上，我有一个美妙的梦想。

30. It’s no wonder that...                   难怪...

It’s no wonder that she got so tired that day.难怪她那天如此疲劳。

31. It is /was +被强调内容+that从句

It is her health that I am greatly concerned about.是她的健康我极为担心。

32. do harm to/be harmful to...             给...带来危害

Eating too much does harm to your health.

Eating too much is harmful to your health.吃太多对你的健康带来危害。

33. do good to                          给...带来好处

Communication face to face with your friends does good to your friendship.面对面与朋友交流给你的友谊带来好处。

34. make an effort to do..                 努力做...

We should make an effort to do better than ever before.我们应该努力比以前做得更好。

35. get well prepared for...                为...做好准备

We should get well prepared for the coming final exam.我们应该为即将到来的期末考试做好准备。

36. develop one’s own interest             培养兴趣

It does great good to develop your own interest培养你自己的兴趣很有好处。

37. make great progress                  取得很大进步

I hope all of you can make great progress in your language learning.

我希望你们所有人能够在语言学习取得很大进步。

38. be in great need of..                  极其需要...

People who suffered a lot in the earthquake were in great need of food and water.

在地震中受苦的人们极其需要食物和水。

39. pay special attention to...      特别关注...

People begin to pay special attention to the protection of nature. 人们开始特别关注自然的保护。

40. devote oneself to(doing) s.th           一心一意做...

Great people are those who devote themselves to selflessly helping others.

伟人是那些一心一意无私帮助他人的人

41. It’s generally accepted that...   大家普遍认为...

It’s generally accepted that the earth is getting warmer and warmer.大家普遍认为地球正变得越来越暖。

42. show respect for                    对...尊敬

As students, we should show respect for our teachers. 作为学生，我们应该对老师表示尊敬。

43. consider s.b (to be/as)+n./adj....            认为...是...

There is no doubt that we all consider him honest.毫无疑问我们都认为他是诚实。

44. be concerned about...                关心；挂念

Parents are concerned about their children.父母亲关心他们的孩子。

45. be based on...                      以...为基础

The film is based on a true story that happened in 1946.这部电影以发生于1946年的一个真实的故事为基础的。

46. have a correct attitude towards...       对...采取一种正确的态度

It’s important for us to have a correct attitude towards life.对生活采取一种正确的态度对我们来说是重要的。

47. as far as s.b be concerned,            就...而言

As far as I’m concerned, I prefer to go to Shanghai for a visit.就我而言，我宁愿去上海游玩。

48. meet one’s needs                   满足...的需求

The little food can’t meet our needs in the next week. 这点食物无法满足我们下周的需求。

49. be likely to do                     可能...

As human, we are all likely to make mistakes.作为人类，我们都可能犯错。

50. not only...but also...                 不但...而且...

Not only you but also I am fond of pop music.不但你而且我也喜欢流行音乐。

51. ask for one’s advice on...             就...寻求某人的意见

She often asks for my advice on learning English.她经常就学习英语寻求我的意见。

52. turn to s.b for help                  向...求助

He always finds someone to turn to for help. 他总是找人向其求助。

53. Sb holds the view that...             某人持的观点是/某人认为...

They hold the view that a new school should be built for the local children.他们认为应该为当地孩子建一所新校。

54. I’m of the firm belief that...          我坚信...

I’m of the firm belief that he can get along well with others.我坚信他能与其他人相处得好。

55. The reason why...is that...,           ...的原因是...

The reason why I’ll leave you is that I have a family in another place.我离开你们的原因是我的家人在另一个地方。

56. impress sb deeply                 使某人印象深刻

What he said at the meeting impressed me deeply.他在会上所说的使我印象深刻。

57. It turned out that...                 结果是...

It turned out that he felt upset about the result of the exam.结果是他对这次考试的结果感觉沮丧。

58. With the development of...          随着...的发展

With the development of science, nothing is impossible.随着科学的发展，没什么不可能。

59. play an important part in...          在...起着重要的作用

Language plays an important role in our communications.语言在我们的交流中起着重要的作用。

60. make some suggestions on...         在...方面提出建议

I’d like to make some suggestions on your learning habits. 我想在你学习习惯方面提出建议。

61. Just as a famous saying goes, “All roads lead to Rome.”

正如一句著名俗语说的那样，“条条道路通罗马。”

62. In a word                   总而言之

In a word, we should work hard at our lessons.总而言之，我们应该努力学习。

高考英语作为必备万能句：2016年高考英

语作文必背万能句

1.关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……

There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____.

2. 俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。

There is an old saying______. It"s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.

3. 现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。

Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____. What makes things worse is that______.

4. 现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外（而且）……。

Nowadays，it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______. Besides，______.

5. 任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。 Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.

6. 关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，…… Peoples opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them,_____.

7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。

Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.

8. ……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。 ______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.

9. ……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。

______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our

day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.

10. 根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……，但是为什么呢？

According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that______ while. Obviously，______，but why

中 间 段 落 句 1.相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为……。

On the contrary，there are some people in favor of ___.At the same time，they say____.

2. 但是，我认为这不是解决……的好方法，比如……。最糟糕的是……。 But I don"t think it is a very good way to solve ____.For example，____.Worst of all，___.

3. ……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，（也是）非常重要的。首先，……。而且……，最重要的是……

______is necessary and important to our country"s development and construction. First，______.What"s more, _____.Most important of all,______.

4. 有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先，我们可以……。

There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can______

5. 面临……，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……。一方面……，另一方面......。

Confronted with______，we should take a series of effective measures to______. For one thing，______For another，______

6. 早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……，另外……。所有这些方法肯定会……。 It is high time that something was done about it. For example. _____.In addition. _____.All these measures will certainly______.

7. 为什么……？第一个原因是……；第二个原因是……；第三个原因是……。总的来说，……的主要原因是由于……

Why______The first reason is that ______.The second reason is

______.The third is ______.For all this, the main cause of ______due to ______.

8. 然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，……也有它的不利的一面，象……。 However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______also has its own disadvantages, such as ______.

9. 尽管如此，我相信……更有利。

Nonetheless, I believe that ______is more advantageous.

10. 完全同意……这种观点（陈述），主要理由如下：

I fully agree with the statement that ______ because______.

结 尾 句 1. 至于我，在某种程度上我同意后面的观点，我认为……

As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that ____.

2. 总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注……这个问题。只有这样，我们才能在将来……。

In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______.Only in this way can ______in the future.

3. 但是，……和……都有它们各自的优势（好处）。例如，……，而……。然而，把这两者相比较，我更倾向于（喜欢）…….。

But ______and ______have their own advantages. For example, _____, while_____. Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to______.

4. 就我个人而言，我相信……，因此，我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为…… Personally, I believe that_____. Consequently, Im confident that a bright future is awaiting us because______.

“行文有境界”当是对学生写作非常高的一种要求，小编收集了写作要有大格局才能拿高分，欢迎阅读。

作文的境界在何处最能体现出来呢?

拟题上

所谓“题好一半分”，对人生的理解常常从题目上就可以看出来，作文水平如何往往于拟怎样的题目便一眼见底。比如说，到茅盾故乡——桐乡乌镇去看过了，可能会有很多的话想说，有许多的情想抒，文章写好后，一个是“茅盾故居访问记”作题，另一个是“圣心永驻”的题目，两者相较，高下雅俗一清二楚——前者是小学生的境界，后者却是人才的境界。比如以“池塘”为话题作文，取“池塘”作题目，与取“生命的潭水”作题，给人的印象会迥然不同;如以“认真”为话题作文，你拟“认真一点怕什么”与拟“大象无形”的题目，境界便大相径庭，所以高分作文要在拟题上下功夫。

立意上

立意有高下雅俗之分，高分作文看重高雅。立意要多一点“大我”，少一点“小我”;多一点境界，少一些市侩;多一点旷达，少一点庸俗，多一点责任，少一点敷衍。要立生命的意，立天地的意，立情感的意。

构思上

境界是用文字通过构思表现出来的，构思如何，境界便如何。作文中有一些结构当是“黄金分割律”，如古人说的“凤头、猪肚、豹尾”，比如有人用“菊花”取象立意，下面用一个有关菊花小标题构思，不同一般。

作者这样构思：当清爽的秋风将天空吹向更高远，当陌生的孩子望断最后一只南飞雁，当枝上的绿叶换上橙黄，当一点点微酸已着枝，便又到了菊花飘香的时节。下面便三谈“菊”：菊之淡，…… 菊之傲，…… 菊之殇，……

这样的构思，文章有境界了。

用料上

用怎样的材料，既是体现眼光如何，决定境界如何。好材料能一石三鸟，在有限的文字里表达尽量多的信息。

写语意相近的对称句，可据基本句的语法结构，写出与其近义且对称的句子。小编收集了高考作文指导：在作文中用好对称句，欢迎阅读。

古人写诗为文讲究对偶，中学生作文不必这么严格。这里说的对称句相当于宽式对偶句，由字数、结构大体相同，意思相近或相反、相对的一组句子组成。这样的句式在视觉上给人以整饬的美感，在听觉上给人以和谐的韵律，既能显示思维的缜密，又能显示措辞的的精练。正所谓“石韫玉而山辉，水怀珠而川媚”，这样的句子出现在文中，便会成为亮点，成为发展等级中加分的砝码。

对称句根据前后句的语意关系，一般可分为语意相近、语意相反、两物并举三类，其中尤以语意相近的对称句使用频率最高。

写对称句时，可先据要表达的意思精心写出一个句子，姑且称之为基本句。再据基本句的语法结构和表达的需要，写出另一个与之对称或语意相近或相反或两物并举的句子。下面举例分述之，并示以从高考满分作文和书刊中精选的例句(未署作者名字的摘自高考作文)，供同学们写对称句时参考。

(一)语意相近的对称句

写语意相近的对称句，可据基本句的语法结构，写出与其近义且对称的句子。两句相应位置上的词应为同义(近义)。如：

一学生在写《思想的种子》时，据丛飞关爱失学孩子和残疾儿童，累计捐款300多万的材料，先写了“一笔笔捐款，让一位位失学的孩子回到书声琅琅的课堂”，突出了丛飞捐款次数、数量之多和捐助的效果，然后根据这个句子的基本结构写了一个与其对称的近义句子：“一次次资助，使一个个残疾儿童及时得到白衣天使的诊治。”这两句在相应位置上的词语为同义(近义)对举：一笔笔——一次次，一位位——一个个，捐款一资助，让—一使，失学孩子——残疾儿童，回到书声琅琅的课堂——及时得到白衣天使的诊治。在这段的结尾，写到“如今斯人已逝，但爱的精神长存。注满爱的思想种子已萌发”时，又设计了一组对称的并列结构：“那些重返校园的孩子灿烂的笑脸，那些得到及时治疗的残疾儿童幸福的笑靥，不正是丛飞心灵花园里绽放的朵朵鲜花吗?”这两处并列结构相应位置上的词均为近义词：灿烂——幸福，笑脸——笑靥。为加强对比映衬的效果，在该段落引出“蜚声歌坛的丛飞，不但用歌声激励人们热爱美好的生活，创造美好的未来，还将爱注入思想的种子——心系山乡，关爱失学孩子和残疾儿童”一句前，增设一组对称结构充当状语：“当有的明星耍大牌、争高额出场费的时候，当有的大腕闹绯闻、营造个人安乐窝的时候……”其中“明星”与“大腕”相对，“耍大牌、争高额出场费”与“闹绯闻、营造个人安乐窝”相对。这个段落的完整表述如下：

说到将爱注入思想的种子，我们不由想到深圳歌手丛飞。

当有的明星耍大牌、争高额出场费的时候，当有的大腕闹绯闻、营造个人安乐窝的时候……蜚声歌坛的丛飞，不但用歌声激励人们热爱美好的生活，创造美好的未来，还将爱注入思想的种子——心系山乡，关爱失学孩子和残疾儿童。一笔笔捐款，让一个个失学孩子回到书声琅琅的课堂;一次次资助，使一个个残疾儿童及时得到白衣天使的诊治。在病魔缠身、卧床不起时，丛飞几乎没有经济来源，家里俭朴得令人难以置信，但他却一如既往地捐资助学，甚至把好心人资助他的医疗费也转赠给了孩子们。几年来，他义工服务6000多小时，公演300多场，累计捐款300多万，得到他资助的失学孩子和残疾儿童达146人。这些数字闪耀着爱的光芒;这些数字闪耀着崇高的人格光辉;这些数字令人感动，催人泪下……丛飞一心想着失学的孩子和残疾儿童，唯独没想到他自己。如今斯人已逝，但爱的精神长存。注满爱的思想种子已萌发，那些重返校园的孩子灿烂的笑脸，那些得到及时治疗的残疾儿童幸福的笑靥，不正是丛飞心灵花园里绽放的朵朵鲜花吗?

——《思想的种子》这段文字整散结合，或对称、或排比(见段中画线处)、或长句短句穿插，叙事、议论、抒情，丰富多彩，摇曳多姿，美不胜收，声美、形美、意美熔于一炉。

示例(文中示例的画线处为对称句、对称结构)：

阅读各类对称句时，可在整体把握句意的基础上，分析句子的语法结构，了解句子相应位置上的词语的词性、词义，体会理解对称句表达语意的特点。试分析下面句子。

1.梦想不同于幻想，梦想可以使平庸变得高尚，把腐朽变为神奇。

——《与梦想一路同行》

2.有时我们只是静静地坐着，看乡间夕阳;有时我们慢慢地走着，享自在风光。而当远处的地平线——那心中永恒的渴望在召唤我们时，那便是我们奔跑的时候了。

——《奔跑人生》

3.堕间的力量，理应在大地上留下痕迹;岁月的巨轮，理应在车道间碾碎凹凸。

——《废墟》

4.祛除芜杂的思想，净化心灵的空间，是阅读需要的一种境界。

——《阅读是一种孤独》

5.从此，兴复汉室的重担便历史性地落到他的肩膀上。他并不觉得沉重，因为他满心是欲报三顾茅庐的恩情，满腹是兴复汉室的热忱。

——《肩膀》

6.堕天，行色匆匆，犹如大江东去，再不复回;今天，实实在在，犹如阳光雨露，温馨美好。昨天我们留下成长的经历;今天我们留下奋斗的激情，那么，我们该留给明天什么?

——《留给明天》

7.春暖花开，花开之后才会有绿草如茵的美景，才会有繁花硕果的秋天，一因为梦想充实了心灵，充实了人生。

——《为爱撑起一支长篙》

8.灾难中迸发的精神要持久弘扬，灾难中闪光的人性要永恒发光。这样的民族才是有

due to darwins "evolution", man, willingly or not, has to admit that he is not descendents of adam and eve but rather a species equal to the monkeys, the cats and dogs in nature. although human beings claim to be the most sapient species, it is undeniable that they have a close kinship with the chimpanzees.in a word, we are animals, though more advantageous in mind than our wild or domesticated fellow living beings. but, is this a privilege of human beings to dominate the destinies of other spedes? sorrowfully, some people disregard the natural diversity and many species are in the danger of etinction due to human activities. no longer can the righteous people look on withouttaking an action.

human beings have always overrated themselves in that they assume they are superior creatures whose destiny is granted by god. in the early times, nature was antithetical to human activities. no longer can the righteous people look on without taking an action.

human beings have always overrated themselves in that they assume they are superior creatures whose destiny is granted by god. in the early times, nature was antithetical to human cultures. people set out to conquer nature: they plowed the soil for grains to feed themselves; they fought against storms and tornadoes to safeguard their properties; they made use of tools to eploit natural resources. this struggle against nature precludes the understanding that nature is so generous to humans and it is harmony rather than conflict that has made human lives so comfortable. if the ancestors had not found ways to cope with natural disasters and bucked up again and again in face of peril, it would have been likely that human race might have gone etinct on the way of evolution.however, as human beings get more and more used to the development in their own societies, they,on the contrary, contribute to a nature that is increasingly dissonant and hostile, where other co-eisting species are on the edge of etinction.

it is not the natural evolution, like the glaciers, that caused many species to disappear. it is human activities that is to beblamed. deforestation deprives many bird colonies of their habitat. water pollution destroys the natural environment of aquatic animals. unimaginable numbers of species have to migrate and in search of new habitat, and they die. gulls and other seabirds stranded in the crude oil from ships could not fly to collect food,they die. when furs and hides of cheetahs, rhinos, and crocodiles are sold at good prices on the international market, they die. the prosperity of human society is bloodily indebted to lives of other plants and animal species, yet human beings keep from saving the animals and plants. the money spent on protection of endangered species is money spent worthwhile. so is the effort and time. just imagine one day another intelligent species wearing the leather of human skin.

in the history of human civilization, people have always relied on nature to achieve something of value. fundamentally, we breathe the oygen released by the plants; we enjoy the ravishing beauty of nature in our arts;we even rely on animals to produce eperimental evidence in developing medicines. we owe too much to the plants and animals. it is high time that we did something to prevent the world from becoming a drab and colorless planet, with only the human species living in sheer loneliness.

与往年考试相同，语文作文成为大家关注的焦点。“继2015年之后，辽宁省第二年采用全国语文卷进行考试，作文类型为驱动型作文。”考试结束后，沈阳名师、沈阳二中语文组组长于宝山对今年的作文题进行点评。于宝山认为，对所阐述观点进行深度挖掘，拓宽广度是作文能否拿高分的关键。

作文素材：

给出一段阅读材料，材料内容为，培养语文素养有：课堂的有效教学、课外的大量阅读，社会生活实践等三个途径。请自拟题目，谈如何提高语文素养。要求选好角度，确定立意，明确文体，自拟标题，不要套作，不得抄袭。

名师解读：

沈阳名师、二中语文组组长于宝山表示，2016年全国卷高考作文题仍然是驱动型材料作文，与往年的作文题目相比有一定难度。本次材料作文，考生只要写出认为最能够让自己提高语文学习素养的方式，并阐述其优点以及原因，言之成理即可。

拿到这种作文题目之后，考生的写作步骤应当第一步进行材料的概括分析，二步进行议论、比较，第三步也是拔高分的关键步骤，即对所阐述观点进行深度挖掘，拓宽广度。

面对材料中的三种学习方式，于宝山认为，考生从最后一个“社会实践”方面入手最易写，因为通过课堂、书本获取的知识有限，这样一来可以给考生议论的方面比较局限。如果说从第三个方式着手，考生可以通过在社会上看到的善良的、丑恶的一面进行展开，更容易挖掘自身文章的深度，拓宽文章的广度得高分。

当然，此次的作文题目考生从三个方式的任何一个方式出发去写作都没有问题，考生通过平时的练习还是可以把握作文题的角度，不易出现跑题的现象保障得一个基础分，但是拔得高分的关键，还是在于广度的拓展和深度的挖掘。

考生解题

考生裴同学：从课外阅读方面作答，通过自己平时读的课外书对语文学习的帮助。由于自己平时热爱读书，课外阅读也确实增强了自己的理解能力，尤其是在古文方面更有一个提高，所以选择这一方面进行作答。

考生郑同学：从社会实践方面着手写作。通过自己在实践中学到的方式，灵活的运用到学习中来，更能够拓宽自己的学习思路。

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