初中英语高效课堂实施方案（汇集20篇）

Smoe people say that money is the best thing in the world. but i consider reading books as the best and the most precious thing one can ever have.

Reading books is very important. first of all, it is knowledge that makes society develop and by reading books you can get all kinds of knowledge. furthemore, reading books makes you a qualified person and makes your life enjoyable.

One is never too old to learn. no matter what time you rcalize the importance of reading books, you can enjoy it during the rest of your life time. love books, for they are your best friends.

[初中关于读书的英语作文

My friend is Mei. She’s a girl. She is my classmate.

Mei is tall and thin. She has two big eyes and long hair. She likes listening to music and reading books. Sometimes we listen to music together. She likes summer. Because she can swim in the summer holiday. She likes pink and white. She is in Class Four, Grade Six with me. She usually goes to school by motor cycle. Sometimes she goes to school on foot. We often go shopping together on the weekend.

We will be friends forever.

Our great motherland is one of the largest countries in the world. It has a population of over twelve hundred million. Beijing is its capital.

We Chinese people are brave and hardworking. We have a glorious revolutionary tradition. We drove out all the enemies. In 1949 the Peoples Republic of China was founded. Since then great changes have taken place in our motherland. Now our country is getting stronger and stronger. We Chinese people are working hard to make our motherland into a powerful country.

20XX.X.X 晴

I have a small bedroom.There are only a small bed,a small desk and a small chair in the room.And there is a beautiful doll on my blue bed.Everyday I do my homework,read books and play games with the doll in my bedroom.It is small,but it gives me much happiness.

通过学习，使我对小学语文课堂教学有了更深的了解。这次学习对我来讲既是提高，又是促进。下面我来说说自己的体会。

一、语文教学要紧贴学生实际

语文教学是灵活的，应该按照学生的年龄实际、学习实际和教材的实际来教学。我现在所教的是小学三年级，因此在我以后的教学中更应该重视学生的读、说、背诵，规范学生的书面语言，丰富他们的语言积累等方面的基础上，切实考虑学生实际，贴近学生实际，营造一种轻松愉悦的课堂氛围。

二、教学评价的鼓励性

每个人都渴望被肯定，获取赞扬。学生更是如此。表扬并不是优等生的专利。在教学过程中我们要尽量挖掘学生的进步之处和闪光点。比如武凤霞在评价学生时用“我很喜欢、我很欣赏、你的想法很独特、你的这个词比我想的那个好等这样的语句评价学生，使学生在老师的评价中获得自信，在点滴的进步中得到自信，激励学生在以后的学习中超越自己，

还有一种普遍现象，不知道大家有没有同感就是“在课堂教学中，往往有一些学生不敢举手回答问题，为什么不敢举手呢?是真的不会还是……其实我们也知道他们不敢举手的原因是担心回答错了被同学笑话”。对于这样的学生怎么办呢?放弃?还是……我是这么想的，对于这类问题老师应该充分了解他，将一些较简单的问题让他们回答。如果回答的正确，应及时加以鼓励;如果回答错了，教师应该分析原因抓住其中的一点或几点给予肯定，不要直接否定或者一味的去批评，说一些伤害学生自尊的话，那样“更”会打消学生学习的积极性，使他们“更”不敢回答问题了。教师应改变一下方式，激励，肯定，那怕沾点儿边都好，如：再详细一点就更准确了，虽然你的回答不是很准确，但是你很勇敢的表达了自己的理解……鼓励，肯定的话语，使他们在错误中进步。

三、对话教学的策略

对话呈现的是一种用心灵感动心灵，用生命点燃生命，用灵魂塑造灵魂，用智慧开启智慧的相互造就这句话。学生的激情是无限的，只是隐藏在内心深处，需要我们用热情去激发，课堂上的孩子们总是热情奔放，活力四射的。

1.营造亲和力的对话氛围

学生能够喜欢你，说明老师懂得与学生对话的艺术。幽默的语言让学生快乐、放松;委婉的语言让学生感到亲切、被尊重;含蓄的批评保护的学生的自尊心......在对话中，点燃学生的激情，教师要真诚的把学生看做心灵上的朋友，学生则会把你当做灵魂的亲人，这样学生就会在轻松地对话中学到知识。

2.创造人格平等的对话精神

教师要主动的和学生在平等的基础上进行沟通交流，从而建立相互信任，相互尊重，相互理解的师生关系，使师生双方相互之间产生一种无法摆脱对方的吸引力。在这种场境中，即使教学传授的知识较为复杂、较为深奥，学生接受起来也会觉得是十分容易和十分愉快的。

总之，通过这次学习使我懂得，高效课堂的提高需要教师自身素质的提高。今后要给自己充电，利用课余时间多读书，做好读书笔记，使自身的知识不断积累;在教学时认真解读文本，根据实际情况和学生特点设计适合自己的教学设计;养成课后反思的习惯，在反思的过程中使自己提高。

A no African black boy, this year 12, small eyes, collapse collapse on the nose. And there was a big ears Desmond tutu gene "siddhi moving ears!

"The teacher is saying!" See, I and sister trueer, for example, 3/4 * 7/10. I said must take three quarters into the denominator is ten, elder sister said, also can directly take, I didnt pay attention in class, to lead to such result, I this is impatient.

"Clicking" I played the boys favorite through the wire. The mother shouted: "have a pear for me!" When I was have a good time, very reluctantly said: "go play again for a while." After a while mother urged again, I still say to play for a while. When I play enough, its been more than an hour, after the mother took a pear, mother long give a sigh said: "eat pears, you wash is really not easy!" This is I love playing computer.

"Get up!" Sister woke me, I rubbed his dim eyes, deep ground to say: "what time is it?" "11" "only 11 o clock will go to sleep!" "Today, cleaning,! Hurry up!" Three words heard the cleaning, I immediately pack to sleep, you know, I usually take a little clothes, socks, are ok, but... Cleaning or forget it! Sister cry to me a few words: "slacker!" This is not love doing housework, I love to sleep.

"Second, second pass" the person who is fierce Shouting it is me. I love playing basketball and table tennis, although Im not too good, but I can play, a free until to dont want to play! And table tennis, we are all activity to practice and play, although I played not champions, but "no challenge champion will never be the champion" is the movement of love me!!!!!!!

"Oh! I have forgot my meal card in our bedroom!" Poor Zhang Shanzheng pain shouted. "I borrow your" I said without hesitation! Zhang Shanzheng hurriedly said thank you to me, my arms around him. "All are brothers, dont mention it!" Another time before six and I (3) class Zhao Junkai and fit in with the cui, we are all iron elder brothers, once was playing it, Zhao Junkai injured, we two word, holding him and ran the clinic, to check he dont have my card. I didnt take, I will let him to register my name, since the return of money!

This is me, more I trouble, less advantage of me. Dont you want to make friends with me?

一个没有非洲人黑的小男孩，今年12，小眼睛，塌塌的鼻子。又有大耳朵图图的基因“动耳神功!”

“老师就是这样讲的啊!”看，我又和姐姐较真，就比如说3/4*7/10吧!我说必须把3/4化成分母是十，姐姐说，也可以直接乘，都是我在课上没注意听，才导致成这样的结果，这就是不耐烦的我。

“嗒嗒”我又玩起了男生的最爱《穿越火线》。妈妈喊到：“给我洗个梨!”我正玩得高兴的时候，就很不情愿地说：“再玩一会再去。”过了一会妈妈又催了，我还是说再玩一会。等到我玩够了，已经过了一个多小时了，之后才给妈妈洗了个梨，妈妈长叹一口气说：“吃你洗的梨，可真是不太容易啊!”这就是爱玩电脑的我。

“起床了!”姐姐叫醒了我，我揉了揉朦胧的眼睛，低沉地说：“几点了?”“11点了”“才11点再睡会!”“今天大扫除，!赶紧起来!”一听到大扫除三个字，我立即就装睡，要知道，平常我洗个小衣服、小袜子，还行，可是……大扫除还是算了吧!姐姐对我嚎了几句：“懒虫!”这就是不爱干家务，爱睡觉的我。

“秒传，秒传”那个正激烈喊着的人正是我。我非常爱打篮球和乒乓球，虽然打得不是太好，但是一有空我就玩，直到玩到不想玩为止!还有乒乓球，我们都是活动课练和玩，虽然我打得不是冠军，但是，“不与冠军较量就永远不会是冠军”这就是爱运动的我!

“哎呀!我的饭卡忘在寝室了!”可怜的张山正痛苦得呐喊道。“我借你”我毫不犹豫的说!张山郑连忙对我说了声谢谢，我搂住他。“都是兄弟，不用客气!”还有一次我和以前六(3)班的赵俊凯还有崔合群，我们都是铁哥们，有一次正在玩耍时，赵俊凯受伤了，我们俩二话不说，挽着他就往医务室跑，要结账了他没带卡。我也没带，我就让他登记我的名字，下回来还钱!

这就是我，毛病多的我，优点少的我。你们难道不愿意跟我交朋友吗?

Miss Li is my English teacher. The first day I met her, I liked her,

because she looked so young and nice. Miss Li liked to write some inspiring

words in our homework. So everytime when I handed in my paper, I was so looking

forward to getting Miss Li’s response. I remembered one time, I did not do well

in an English test. Miss Li wrote the words to me and she believed me I could

make great progress next time. I was so moved, so when I had annoyance, I would

like to talk to her. Miss Li is my guide. She can give me suggestion and lead me

to the right direction.

After a happy winter vacation, the new year began again. We all gathered together and talked happily about the interesting news in the winter vacation.

All of us have fun and laugh. We cant forget the good time of the new year. New years Eve, as usual, fireworks day, we also say that all sorts of gossip to play their own fireworks, a long pole fireworks blooming like chrysanthemum, such as bright pearl of a large fireworks, little and dainty broken beads...... Jiang Zehong is talking about, he has never seen everyone "Fu" big fireworks, called "big fortune". The "Pi" with a bang, a fireball into the sky, "Mao Ba Ba" fried into a big red shining "Fu". After a while, the word "happiness" has become a meteor, dancing posture, he slipped to the door, just like a large fortune, the dog wangwang! Lets listen to the itch in our heart, and we want to have a look.

On the eve of the new years Eve, for the year, there must be little money. Wang Yi people engage in innovation, the red gifts are hidden. Wang Yi had to turn the house down to the sky and search one by one, not a small corner. Pays off, Wang Yi people find their red envelopes gift in the kitchen, balcony, room finally. Li Yans mother-in-law is the most fond of Li Yan, the stuff in the plate, and the most money for her. Li Yan is also very love her mother-in-law, not only sensible and well behaved, and flattering, before leaving, dont forget to wish small mother-in-law: "good luck, longevity, happiness as immense as the Eastern Sea, everything is well, the dog wangwang!"

The breath of the country is thicker than the city. When Zou Jianing burned incense in a country temple, he was lucky to see a lion and a dragon. I saw the lion majestic-looking, yaotouhuangnao, vivid, it stared at the headlight gun like eyes, went to the east to the West in the jump, is pleased to run wild. I do not know what time from the lions sprang out of a dragon, it was glittering, restless dragon flying up and down, the two. With the sound of drums, dragon and lion gradually walked away. But its fresh enough for the children we grew up in the city.

There are many interesting things during the winter vacation, Li Tian heap a snowman full of personality. Huang Yuanhao put a big kite of one meter long. Zhu Zhendong fished the fish patiently. Yao Qing made a new house at his uncles house. Jiang Danwen wanted to dig the shepherds purse, dug a basket of wild herbs...... The happy winter vacation is over. It is sure that this summer vacation will have more interesting things to happen.

度过一个愉快的寒假，新年又开始了。大家又都聚在一起，兴致勃勃地谈论起寒假生活中的趣闻。

大家津津乐道，有说有笑，对过年的美好时光久久不能忘怀。除夕夜，照例是放烟花爆竹的日子，大家也七嘴八舌地说出了那天自己玩的烟花，有绽开似菊的长竿烟花，灿烂如明珠般的大礼花，小巧玲珑的碎珠……姜泽宏更是侃侃而谈，原来他放了个大家从未见过的“福”字大礼花，叫“大福临门”。那随着“噼叭”一声巨响，一团火球窜上了与天空，“噼哩叭啦”地炸成了一个大红色的闪耀着金光的“福”字。过一会儿，这个“福”字又变成了一颗颗流星，舞动着身姿，向他家门口滑落，还真像大福临门，狗年旺旺！听得我们心里直痒痒，也想放个看看。

过除夕，拜大年，肯定少不了压岁钱。王苡人家搞了个创新，把红包礼物都藏了起来。王苡人只好把家里翻个底朝天，逐一逐个地搜寻，不放过一个小角落。皇天不负有心人，王苡人终于在厨房、阳台、书房里找到了自己的红包礼物。李燕的小婆婆最疼爱李燕了，压岁盘里的东西随便挑，给她的压岁钱也最多。李燕也很喜欢她的小婆婆，不仅懂事乖巧，而且讨人欢心，临走时，还不忘祝小婆婆：“福如东海，寿比南山，吉祥如意，万事顺心，狗年旺旺！”

乡村的过年气息比城市还浓。邹佳凝在乡下的寺庙里烧香时，有幸看见了舞狮、舞龙的人群。只见那狮子威风凛凛、摇头晃脑、活灵活现，它瞪着大灯炮似眼睛，窜到东跳到西，犹如在高兴地撒野。不知从什么时候狮群里窜出了一条龙，它浑身金光闪闪，好动的龙上下翻飞，来了个二龙戏珠。随着敲锣打鼓的声音，龙与狮群渐渐走远了。不过，这对我们在城市里长大的孩子来说是够新鲜的。

寒假里还有许多有趣的事，李恬堆了个个性十足的雪人。黄苑皓放了个一米多长的燕形大风筝。朱振栋耐心地钓了次鱼。姚庆在舅舅家闹新房。姜丹雯本想挖荠菜，结果挖了一蓝子的野菜……愉快的寒假结束了，想必今年的暑假也一定会有更有趣的事发生吧！

at present, more and more people think that men and women should enjoy

equal rights. many countries even have passed laws to guarantee such an equality

between different sexes. accordingly, there are now no longer certain jobs or

certain places that are closed to women. the number of business women, female

doctors, scientists and leaders is considerably increasing.

there are three main reasons for the improvement of womens social

position. first, women themselves have been persistently struggling for

equality. second, men also realize that women are not born inferior to them.

women can do a great many things as well as or even better than men. third,

social development has produced a great demand for womens participation in

every field.

in spite of these changes the liberation of women has not been completely

realized. prejudice against women is deeply rooted still in some peoples mind,

especially in distant rural areas. so, mankind should take further painstaking

efforts to really realize equality.

There is a library in our school. It is open from eight oclock in the morning till half past five in the afternoon. We often go there to borrow books.

We can borrow five books at a time and keep them for two weeks. If we cant finish reading them in two weeks, we can go and renew them. The librarian is always ready to help the students. If the book you want is out, she will help you to choose another one. We always take good care of the borrowed books. We can also look through newspapers and magazines in the reading-room, but we are not allowed to take them out of the reading-room.

Habits, whether good or bad, are gradually formed. When a person doesa certain thing again and again, he‘ll be obliged to do it in the same way by some unseen force. Thus habit is formed. Once a habit is formed, it is difficult and sometimes almost impossible to get rid of it. It is.therefore very important that we should take care in the formation of habits. Good habits have many advantages. Going to bed early and getting up early makes us healthy. Diligence helps to succeed. Honesty helps:: win the respeet and trust of others.

If we form bad habits, such as rudeness, laziness, lying and stealing, we might be mined by them. We ought to keep away from bad habits and try to acquire habits good for ourselves and others.

[初中英语作文：谈谈习惯

There are many traditional festivals, such as Spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival China.

But I like best is in the traditional festivals -- the Dragon Boat festival. The Dragon Boat Festival custom is to eat dumplings. Come to the Dragon Boat Festival, each and every family began to busy zongzi, adults take two Take Ha together, and then add the rice and other spices, pack into a three-dimensional triangle, then string wrapped tight. There are a lot of, dumplings taste such as: sugar, meat stuffing, add egg yolk and so on Even the shape of zongzi is various, such as: round, triangle.

Let me see see things in a blur. After a while, my mother put the package dumplings and steamed, after half an hour, my mother put the dumplings on the table, I saw the dumplings like a fat baby, I am unable to hold oneself back to pick up a zongzi, poke it leaves, I saw inside the rice from the color change to yellow color, I be overcome by ones feelings. A taste, ah! Delicious unspeakable.

Suddenly, I heard outside came the waves of "hey hey", "Hey" slogan, I quickly looked out of the window, I saw the dragon boat on a person in the drum, there are eight people in the oars, and the players were regularly shouting, rowing, one and all full of vigor and vitality, and be in fine Fig. See that a boat like a branch launch out of the arrow as rushed forward. On the shore of the cheerleaders are loudly of shout; "cheer", "add oil"! Dragon heard to shout "refueling" seems to be faster.

Ah! The Dragon Boat Festival can eat the delicious dumplings, but also can watch wonderful dragon boat race, is really fun! I really hope that every day is the festival that is good!

I remember in the fifth grade, in a winter vacation, because my outstanding achievements, my father in order to reward me, gave me a fluffy puppy.

The puppy is clean, but the temper has some strange, always have a person around it all the time to accompany it to play, take care of it.

Once again, because of the festivals, we would like to go out shopping, when we happily with a photo back, I saw the neighbors whispered to me, said: "You are really, put a puppy on "Oh, Im sorry, noisy to you, please forgive me." The gas disappeared. I just breathed a sigh of relief, entered the house, the dog will be like a gust of wind generally rushed over to me, but also kept licking my hand. "I do not appreciate it! I point it with his head and said:" You bad things that harm us scolded. "At that time it seems to understand my words, suddenly behaved like a small sheep, like a few times from time to time, as if to say:" I just want you to accompany me! See it look like that, I suddenly Played an unnamed compassion, then in the heart to forgive it.

If it is not hygienic, it is true that is right, do not know how the matter, this dog is very nasty bath, but it is smart puppy, so in the bath, it will be the first match, And then secretly put the claws out of the basin, and then people do not pay attention when the "wind" of the sound will be able to escape the lightning in its view is desperate brazier small tub.

This puppy is also very much like to play, if you have shopping, then do not take it out, because if you take it out, I am afraid it is not going to go home at night, because it just can not stop playing, unless Until it is hungry or dark, otherwise you do not want to go home.

How about it, this is my family that a strange quirky puppy.

带着新课程改革浓浓的春意，沐浴创新教育缕缕阳光，花季的雨露和园丁的微笑一齐映进我的视野。新课程改革让我体会到了教学的生命过程。

一、注重学习、转变观念、以推动新课改的顺利进行。

新的课程、新的标准、新的教学模式，需要用新的教学理念，教学原则来支撑，而这些理论的实践者，就是教师。

二、开展课改实验、走进新课改

一种全新的课堂教学形式展现在我们的眼前，数学教学采取了提出题目——实验探索——引导观察——分析推理——得出结论的实验教学法。教师的关注由单一的学习效果转为学习过程和学习方法。具体做法是：

1、确立一个思想，即“为学生一生的发展做预备”的思想。

学生的发展，我们主要夸大应该是全体学生;而不是部分学生，应该是学生人格的全面发展，而不是重智力轻其他;应该是个性发展而不是同一模式，应该是可持续发展，而不是限于当前的发展，教师的每节施教必须从这点做起，这是我们一切教学活动的出发点。

2、落实两个重点，培养学生的创新精神和实践能力。

在课改中我们要创设情境让学生们往想，鼓励学生动脑、动手往做。

3、进行三个转变

(1)教师角色的转变;

(2)学生地位的转变;

(3)教学手段的转变;

4、采取四种方法

(1)激发学习爱好，培养学生学习的主动性。

(2)教会学生学习、发展学生的自主性。

(3)营造创新教育氛围，培养学生的创造性。

(4)面向全体，让不同层次的学生都有所得。

三、新课程给我带来的思考

1、教师的教育观念开始发生变化，教师熟悉到教材只是教学的载体，教师不再是只受教材的框框限制，而是千方百计地利用教材启发拓展。课堂教学的角色发生了变化，教师能把平时积累的知识有机地融进课堂，重视研究性学习。

2、课堂教学氛围发生了较大的变化。更注重师生的交流、互动。教师从重知识的把握转变到更注重学习方法、研究能力的培养，学生的学习积极性得到充分的调动。

3、夸大在课堂教学贯彻以学生为主体，注重学生自主探究性学习的同时，不能忽视教师在系统教材体系着落实“双基”的主导性作用。

在新课程中，我们深深地体会到，新课程已不仅仅是新课标、新理念，它已经与协作、创新、探究、希看、未来这些滚烫的字眼牢牢联系在一起，让我们与新课程一起成长，为孩子们每一天的成长而快乐着，愿我们的课堂呈现思想生命火花的碰撞与展现，成为不由自主的从心灵深处，淌出不断滋润精神之园的丝丝甘泉。

I am a 15-year-old student in junior Grade 3. Though I am occupied with my

study.I would like to spend time on my hobbies, such as playing the piano,

surfing the Internet.

One of my favourite hobby is reading. Reading has been in my life for many

years,since I began to learn characters. It can not only kill the time but also,

more importantly, help improve my comprehension ability. When reading, I can

learn a lot.Reading Shakespear’s works, I know how Hamlet looks like. Reading

Socrates, I can see how great ancient Greek philosophers are. Reading Lu Xu, I

come back to the old time of China.

Reading really affect my life.

对联基本要求一，“上下联字数相等”，这个要求是很严格的，一般来说，违反这个规则就不成对联了。接下来是小编为您整理的初中对联课堂实录，希望对您有所帮助。

师：上课！

学生：老师好！

师：同学们好，请坐。

同学们，大家在生活中见过对联吧。

生齐答：见过。

师：那请大家说说在哪些场合要用到对联的？

生七嘴八舌：“过年”、“结婚”、“葬礼”、“祝寿”……

师：好的，下面我们来看几个常见的对联类型，（出示小黑板）我们试试看，能不能判断出它们各是什么时候或什么地方用到的对联？

看第一副对联：“春风春雨春色；新年新岁新景”，这是什么时候用的？

生：春节，过年

师：好，看第二副“欢庆此日成佳偶；且喜今朝结良缘”，这是什么？

生（笑）：结婚时候

师：第三副也很简单“福如东海；寿比南山”

生：祝寿！贺大寿。

师：呵，前面三副很简单，我们一看就明白，但是第四副就不容易了，“虽为毫末技艺；却是顶上功夫”，大家能猜出它说的是哪一种职业、行业吗？

教室安静了一下，学生某说：“理发。”

师：对，就是理发，很好，你是从哪里看出的？

学生某：毫末与顶上

师：很好，最后看一副对联，“拳打南山猛虎；脚踢北海蛟龙”，这个用在什么地方啊？

生：打擂台

师：对，擂台。好的，看来大家平时的确接触过一些对联，对对联都有初步印象了，但是，我们不能只停留在大略印象上面，好像随便弄两个句子就是对联了，既然我们念了高中，就要有文化一点，要掌握对联的几个基本要求，学会判断什么才是规范的对联，而不会像社会上的一些人整天搞几个不规范的对联在那充文化人。好的，下面我们就试着从小黑板这五副常见对联里，找出对联的基本要求，好不好？

生：好

师：我们先看一下这五副对联，看第一副上下联各有几个字啊？

生：六个

师：第二副？

生：七个字。

师：第三副各几字？

生：四字

师：很明显，我们可以知道一个对联要求是什么？

生：字数相等

师：对，上下联字数要相等，就是上联有几个字，下联也要有几个字。大家记下来，对联基本要求一，“上下联字数相等”，这个要求是很严格的，一般来说，违反这个规则就不成对联了。但也有特例，比如说民国时候，袁世凯死后，有人就写了副上下联字数不同的联，“中华民国万岁；袁世凯千古”，大家看这个对联，“万岁”对“千古”，可以，但“袁世凯”对“中华民国”，三个字对四个字，在规则上当然不行，可是这副联的巧妙之处就在于此，它里面有个寓意，暗含了什么意思，有没有同学能看出来的？

生沉默

师：这对联表面上是不规范，“袁世凯”三个字对不上“中华民国”四个字，这其实是对袁世凯的批评，说他怎么样？

有学生说“对不起”

师：对，很不错，暗含的意思就是妄图称帝的袁世凯对不起中华民国，是中华民国的罪人。明白了没有？

生：明白了。（一片恍然大悟声）

师：我们也可以仿造这副对联，以我们班为例，可以说“高一十班万岁；倪必星千古”，（倪为一学生名）

生大笑

师：这是说倪必星怎么样？

生：对不起高一十班。（笑）

师：好了，我们再来看小黑板这几个对联。以第一联为例，上为“春风”，下为“新年”，上“春色”下“新景”，其它几联我们也可以看到，这个对联的上下联用字能不能重复、相同？

生：不能

师：所以我们就找出了对联的第二个基本要求，“用字不重复”，当然是在上下联相同位置用字不重复。如果上下联用字可以重复的话，那天下没有我们对不出的联了，你出个什么“福如东海”，我也对个“福如东海”，能行吗？

生：不行。（笑）

师：以上两项基本要求是比较明显的，很容易掌握。下面我们再看另一个要求，大家看这几副对联上下联在用词的词性上有什么特点？比如说第五副对联（拳打南山猛虎；脚踢北海蛟龙），“拳”是什么词性？

生：名词

师：下联与它相对应的“脚”是什么词？

师：“打”呢

生：动词

师：“踢”呢？

生：动词

师：所以我们应该明白了，这个下联除了要用不同的字之外，还要求什么？

生：词性要相同。

师：很好，对的，就是上联第几个字是名词，下联第几个字也要用名词，如果是动词或形容词也是一样。举个例子来说吧，我们现在的高考有时候会考到“对联”，这种题型在民国时期就出现过。比如陈寅恪先生主持清华大学招生入学考试就出了个对联题，出个上联要求考生对出下联。他的上联是什么呢，很奇特，只有三个字，是个人名，“孙行者”，大家猜猜看，下联应该怎么对？

某生说“猪八戒”，众大笑。

师：对这个联当然要运用到我们刚才学到的对联基本要求，我们要把这三个字拆开分辨它们每个字各是什么词性。“孙”是什么词？

生：名词

师：“行”是动词了，“者”，之乎者也，虚词。所以下联也应该是名词、动词、虚词组合。“猪八戒”符合要求吗？

生：（笑）不符合。

师：陈寅恪自己的答案是“祖冲之”，大家看，“祖”是名词吧，祖孙嘛，“冲”是动词吧，“之”也是虚词。很巧妙吧。

生点头赞叹

师：对联的答案当然不只一个，只要符合对联的要求就可以，比如当时有学生就对了“胡适之”，也很好。这种对联以人名作对，叫做“人名对”，我们也可以从我们班上同学姓名里找一个对，比如说“何大弟”对“陈小红”（众大笑）关于上下联的词性相同相当，还要注意一点，就是我们所对出来的词在内容上要有一定的关联，最好属于同个物种，比如同是天文地理用词，同是草本鸟兽用词等等，就是词的种类上也要有要求。讲一个笑话给大家听，说古时候嘛，在私塾里，学生都要学习对对联、对对子。有一次，教师出了个两字联“嫩松”让学生对，“嫩松”，该对什么呢？学生甲对出“老柏”，注意“柏”本来应该念bǎi，但在这里“柏”是念成bó的，我们看到了，“嫩”对“老”，形容词对形容词，“松”对“柏”，名词对名词，完全符合对联要求，很好。所以，私塾老师夸奖了学生甲，学生乙听到甲对出“老柏”受到表扬，就得到启发，连忙说“我也会对，我对‘干爹’”，（众笑）老师很生气，认为他胡闹，用戒尺打了乙一下，乙被打了还不服气地说“老师，你怎么不打老‘伯’，而打干爹呀？”（众大笑）这个故事其实很好地反映了对联的基本要求，按照我们刚才所说的对联第三个要求――词性相同，学生乙所对的“干爹”也符合要求啊，为什么不行呢？

生：种类不一样

师：对，词的种类差太远，完全不相关。这样也不行，所以我们的对联基本要求之三应为“词性（种类）相当”。都记下了吧。好的，至于对联的第四个要求就是“结构（格式）相似”，上联有什么结构格式，下联也应该有什么样的结构格式。像主谓式、动宾式、偏正式之类。下面我们来看几个对联题，这个不是要求大家去对出上联，而是要根据上联的结构格式特征来推导出下联，看这一题，“活到老，学到老，老不服老；画亦精，字亦精，＿＿＿＿＿＿”，大家看这横线上应填哪四个字？

生：精益求精

师：为什么，＊＊，你能说一下吗？

生某：因为上联有四个“老”字，下联也应该有四个“精”字，而且上联的最后一句首尾都是“老”字，所以下联最后一句首尾也应是“精”字，以“精”作首尾的四字成语，我想到了“精益求精”。

师：回答得很好，就是要按照上联的格式来推导下联，这也是对联考查的一个方式。同样的，我们再看一个类似的题目，这是上一届高一期末考的试题。“蒲叶桃叶葡萄叶，草本木本；＿＿＿＿玫瑰花，春＿＿＿香”，大家做一下看看。

很快有学生做出“梅花桂花玫瑰花，春香秋香”。

师：大家做得很好，说明同学们的接受能力很强。以上讲的基本上是针对对联表层的东西，下面我们说一下对联内容上有什么样的要求。还是先看小黑板上的几副对联，我们可以发现，每副对联上下两联的内容都有一定的关联，比如第一副都跟春节新年有关，第二副是结婚，第三副祝寿，第四副理发，第五副武艺，第一副都有一定的主题，上下联都围绕同一主题。如果上联说结婚，下联谈理发，就不伦不类了。（众笑）大家初中都学过唐诗，其中千古名句，比

生：长河落日圆

师：这两句也可以当作一副对联，我们知道这两句内容是有关联的，都是写什么？

生：景色描写。

师：对，都是边关的景物描写。如果不顾上下句的内容相关，改成“大漠孤烟直，小狗尾巴弯”，（众大笑）那就不行了。

最后讲一下关于平仄的要求，“平仄相谐”，我们以前说过，音调可分为平和仄，大家还记得吗，其中“平”是哪两个调？

生：第一声和第二声

师：“仄”呢？

生：第三声和第四声

师：关于对联的平仄，这里不需要讲太多，太复杂，考试一般也不会考到平仄，所以我们目前只要了解一下常识就可以了。问一下同学们，过年的时候，大家都贴过春联没？

生：贴过

师：大家是怎么分辨哪个是上联？哪个是下联的？

生：“随便贴”、“不知道”

师：其实很简单，按照传统对联格式，上联的最后一个字是“仄”声，而下联最后一个字是“平”声，大家记住这个规律，就可以很快判断出上联下联，可不要乱贴了。（众笑）

接下来是练习对句，我选了几个句子，如“祖国江山好”、“蜂采蜜”、“风吹芳草绿”等，给学生做练习，并选 些学生的对句作点评。

[初中对联课堂实录

Generally speaking, life in high school is busy and fulfilling, due to the

ultimate goal---College Entrance Examination. Many people say that there is no

fun left but bored study and endless exercises. However, as a high school

student, I can’t agree with them. Personally, I live a fruitful but happy life

in high school. It can’t be denied that study is my priority that I must spend

most of my time and energy on it. Sometimes, study may make me frustrated or

even drive me crazy, but I still can adjust my mood to enjoy my life. Besides, I

can also get a sense of achievement when I do well in my study or make progress.

The most important is that my friends bring much happiness to me and my parents’

care inspires me to go on. I think friends in high school are my best friend

forever, because they know me a lot and witness all of my emotions. They are the

persons who grow with me. In addition, teachers in high school care much about

our students both in study and life, and classmates are always friendly to each

other. We build deep friendship together. All of these make up my fruitful life

in high school, which I will cherish forever.

I have a clever and gentle and thoughtful mom. She has a black short hair, buds like eyebrows embedded in a pair of water Lingling big eyes, straight nose, a talking cherry mouth, sweet smile showing two rows of clean and tidy teeth. Mom also has a pair of smart hands, is this pair of smart hands every day for me Xian clothes, stack quilt, cooking ... ... always concerned about me, care about this home. I love my good mom!

Mom like the infinite "weather", always because of my performance and change their own. When my test scores are excellent, my mothers face will be like a sunny smile: when I do homemade, my mother will be furious, start a storm; when I waste time to do some boring Things, my mother will be like a drizzle like nagging, said endless ... ... but I know my mother is good for me, my mother is love me.

I remember once, my mother and I are playing badminton. At this time, I do not know what step on the foot, at the foot of a slip, fell a big somersault. I immediately got up from the ground, but found my beloved Mickey Mouse pants broken a big hole. I was so sad that I could not let this pants be thrown away.

Mother, how a loud name ah How many day and night my mother has been with me, guarding me; how many day and night my mother for my tomorrow and worried; how many day and night mother with that loving eyes care for me, care about me ... ... look at your head and a few more silver, I would like to say: "Mom, you hard, I love you!

People always say that we are lacking of the eyes of realizing the beauty

in life. I can’t agree with it anymore. Last week, I woke up very early in the

morning, so I decided to take a walk. The street was very quiet and there were

many old people dancing in the square. Without many cars, I realized the city

looked so clean and beautiful. Some coffee shops decorates so well, which

attrated my eyes. The city was coverd by the green trees, which made it a green

city. I liked this feeling so much. At this moment, I found the city was so

lovely, I just ingored its beauty usually.

My family includes three people and a pet. These three people are my father, my mother , and I. I also have a cat named cookie.

My father is hardworking and playful. He rus a small business at home. He is very busy, but he always s firnds the time to cook dinner and help me with homework. Although he is strict at times, he can also be playful and funny.

My mother is caring and hardworking, too. She’s a chemist and often works very late. Nevertheless, she is always there to take care of me. Though her expectations for me are very high. I know she only wants what’s best for me.

My cat, cookie, is a member of my family, too. She is a cute black and white cat. At times I find her eager to play. But usually she’s sleeping on the sofa. I never know what surprises she’ll bring next.

I consider myself very lucky to come from such a loving family. A family like mine should never be taken for granted. I love my family.

My name is Beth。 Im 14 years old， and I study in No。 1 Middle School of Hangzhou。 My school is very big and beautiful。 Im very happy in the school。

I usually get up at 6：15 in the morning。 Then I do morning exercises in the playground。 At 6：40， I have my breakfast。 You can see many students and teachers in the dinning room。 After breakfast， I often read English with my classmates。

We have six classes every day。 The first class begins at 7：50 am。 I like all the classes for my teachers can make the classes lively and interesting。 My favorite subject is English， so I join English Corner every week。 I can speak English with many other students there。 Its very interesting and exciting。 I think its helpful for me to learn English well。 After class， I always play games with my friends。 We play soccer ball，basketball， volleyball， ping—pong and so on。 They are very relaxing。

I like my lessons， my friends and my teachers。 In a word， I love my school。 I find my school life more and more meaningful and colorful。 My school life is wonderful， isnt it？