一次难忘的旅行作文英语初中【优秀20篇】

Spring Festival ,known as the Chinese New Year,is the most important

holiday in China.From late January to early February,Chinese people are busy

preparing for the New Year.They clean their houses ,have their hair cut,and buy

new clothes .Jiaozi or dumpling is most popular.To those who live far away from

their home,this festival is also a framily reunion occasion.

And they often go back home to celebrate the festival with their family.The

first day of the new year is the time when people visit their friends adn wish

each other good luck in the new year.

No matter the day is how to spend endless， the sun always rises and falls，

flowers always bloom and wither， around heavy traffic is always fleeting， stand

at the time of the tail， we kept after the mist as ignorant of the future.

Too many people always sigh the cruelty of time and the helpless of growing

up。 In fact， growth is really a caterpillar into a butterfly process， always

undergo a metamorphosis of pain， you can better meet the chocolate as unknown

world。 All that let go or no one saw tears in a few years back， you can get

unexpected! The road of the future， whether rugged or smooth， requires you to go

and taste it alone.

Eileen Chang wrote an article about "road"， referring to the way of growth。

This road is a road that everyone must take。 Those who pass by advise the people

who are going this way not to choose the road， because it is so rough and long

that it is refuted： "since you can walk this way， how can I not go out?"。" Thus，

one after another people go through this road full of hardships， perhaps this is

the true meaning of growth。 Knowing that he might fall into it， he obstinately

persisted in his choice.

I think that the child will never grow up Peter Pam， who said he had no

regrets can not grow， we are always sad to miss the past endlessly all say

"dont grow up， never grow up， if you really can not grow up， you really dont

care? Every time there is a time of happiness。 In any case， we will grow up as

time goes by from the palm of the palm.

Growing up is like a mysterious fruit。 Some people resist it hysterically，

and some people cant wait to taste it。 But only when we grow up can we get more

and better world.

我去过郊外的许多地方，大都想不起来了，只有其中最令我难以忘怀的一次旅行，便是那次洛阳的郊外旅行。我还记得翠绿的芳草，参天的大树，与火红的夕阳交相辉映，构成了一幅美丽的画卷。

那天，当我刚到洛阳郊外时，用力吸了一下鼻子，混着泥土与青草的芬芳气味立刻钻进了我的鼻腔，再定睛一看，视线所及之处，皆是大片大片的青绿色，生机勃勃，绿意昂然。草地中还夹杂着几种不知名的小花，花瓣上的露珠在阳光的照耀下，晶莹闪烁，像一颗颗珍珠般。

走进草地深处，是一大片树林，参天的大树挡住了些许阳光，没被遮住的地方则投射在那斑驳的地面上，树干成深褐色，看起来已经有许多年了，要知道城市中是看不到这些原生态的景色的。

继续往前走，我便看到了一条清澈的小溪，小溪边的草上开满了白色小花，偶尔一阵风吹过，花朵零零散散的飘入水中，随着河水流向远方。此时只是春末，许多美丽的花朵都已结出朵朵泛着粉色的花苞，两旁的绿色更是将其点缀的娇艳无比，像是刚刚睡醒一般，带着些许朦胧之感。

游完了这片树林，已是傍晚时分。太阳变得火红夺目，绚烂无比，天边的晚霞悄然盛开，投下热情的光芒，铺在树叶上。几片云霞轻轻的挂在天上，看起来柔柔的，软软的。被太阳的余辉晕染出了几分橘色，令人啧啧称奇。

这次的旅行若不难忘，世间还有那般景色与其正辉!在我心中，这是最美丽的景色。其形似翩若惊鸿，婉若游龙，皆若玉兔，盈若鸾凤。

看到这么多美丽的景色，我唏嘘不已。若没有先辈们的努力又怎会为我们留下一片片绿茵，一座座青山。我们一定要努力学习长辈们的努力，长大后，成为祖国的栋梁之才，继续保护先辈们留下的壮阔景色。同时，我也要保护大自然，保护起来，造福后辈子孙们。

人生如一场马拉松，这是我在一个公众号看到的，人生如场马拉松，立刻让我记住了它。为此，我是这样理解的。一年级，准备开跑;二年级，赛前活动;三年级，赛枪打响;四年级，全力以赴;五年级，拉开差距;六年级，第一轮结束……人生，你不能改变，但是，可以改变命运，眷顾你的耶稣会给你打开轮回之门。

人生如一场马拉松，刚开始跑时，支持者就拼命地呐喊，因为他们相信我的孩子是优秀的，无疑是增加负担，这像诅咒，不能让怒永保青春，但能让你长生不死，童年的残忍，是我们造成的吗?不，不是，是那些勾心斗角已失去理智的家长，小小年级的我们早已担负着家长给我们的教诲，小孩的世界大人永远读不懂，即使读懂了，你也不知道禁锢之门怎么打开。

人生如一场马拉松，偶尔有些小挫折，但也不能气馁，就像学习，你注定就是一个一无是处的傻瓜吗?注定是一个没有让幸运女神苏醒的笨蛋吗?不，绝不可能，聪明的基因是你父母给予你的，坚强勇敢，诚实是你自己细细品味而得来的，记住，我们不一定要做最优秀的人，但要知道我们是平等的，是可以改变命运的。

人生如一场马拉松，取得胜利，不能自以为是，你要动动脑筋，失败的人会更加努力，所以你也要变得更强，人生不会为你而留，但你可以操控时光，强者的生存，是靠猎物的血肉和那些胆小软弱的人类，只有嫉妒你的人会说三道四，这就是真正只会动嘴皮子的傻子，人生如一场马拉松，它没有终点，却有坚持，你的灵魂在告诉你要努力，信念使你更加有毅力，轮回或许是你吧。在人生，经历千山万水不平凡的世界，去探索先辈留下那一个个古老而神秘的问好，踏上那永远遥远的路吧。人生的马拉松让我永远印象深刻。

Today, many people, especially young people, are phone freaks. They are addicted to their mobile phones. They always spend too much time chatting or watching movies on their mobile phones. They have less time to communicate with their friends and family members. They often feel anxious without mobile phones.

Depending on mobile phones too much is a kind of illness. Its bad for health. Looking at the mobile phones too often is bad for our eyes. Playing with mobile phones is a waste of time and gets in the way of study.

Phones can help us communicate more easily and know more about whats happening around the world. If we can use them at proper time and proper situations, they can help us have a better, happier life.

静静的，听着风吹的声音，我的思绪被拉得很长，回到昨天，那个带着些许燥热的盛夏清晨。

那天妈妈让我去清早的集市买菜，我忽然想起自己上次意外得到了一张50元的假钞，我忽然灵机一动——为何不拿那假钞去买菜？我几乎是一瞬间就肯定了自己的决定。对调了妈妈的真钞，捏着钱，佩服着自己的聪明才智，蹦蹦跳跳地出了门。

清晨的菜市闹嚷嚷的，不少农民挑着扁担，坐在路边的石阶上，拿着水，喷洒着菜的叶片。我边走边观察，伺机寻找着冤大头。

一个坐在路边的老奶奶正慈祥地招呼着买菜的人。她那双老树皮似的干枯手指哆哆嗦嗦地拿着称，然后使劲儿凑近了眼，吃力地看着称上面细小的刻度。买家等得很不耐烦，在菜摊前看来看去，抖着脚，不停地看着自己的手表。老奶奶相比周围那些晃一眼就能看清的人明显慢了很多，就像乌龟和猎豹赛跑，强烈的对比，引起了我的注意。嘿嘿，就这个人，一眼就眼神儿不好，肯定认不出假钞！我在心里暗着思索。怀着一股不好的想法，向前走去。

老婆婆刚收完钱，见我一来，便热情地招呼起来。“小姑娘帮家里买菜啊，真懂事。我这儿的菜都是刚从地里摘来的，可新鲜了！”我把翻来覆去，寻找着。“诶，小姑娘，就这棵吧，又大又新鲜，绝对好吃！”老奶奶摸摸索索地拿起了一棵大白菜，好心地告诉我。我从来没有买过菜，抱着试一试的心态，同意了。

老婆婆用手在脏兮兮地地上摸着，好半天才摸到杆秤，然后用力拎起白菜，放在秤盘上，就像之前拿钱，凑进刻度，仔细地划着秤砣，好一会儿才算好价钱。“小姑娘，4。2元，你给我4元就好了。”我从口袋里一下子掏出了50元，递给了老奶奶。她借过钱，从怀里掏出了一大叠皱皱巴巴的零钱，用手指沾了沾口水，颤抖着手，数了起了……

接过找补的钱，我回了家。不知为何，我突然绝对很对不起老奶奶，老奶奶的一举一动、一言一行就像成了慢动作，不停在我脑海里放映。我的心里，忽然很不是滋味。

中午妈妈抄好了白菜，端了上来。爸爸夹了一些，直夸白菜清脆可口，妈妈也夸奖着我，夸着这美味的菜。我扒着米饭，那些我平时爱吃的美味佳肴一下子失去了味道，我食之无味。而爸爸妈妈夸奖的话语在我听来格外刺耳，就像对我的嘲讽。我匆匆吃过饭，就回了卧室。

那天夜晚，我躺在床上辗转反侧，夜色凛冽着，薄凉的月光斜射入房间，洒在我的身上。我看着月亮出了神，那月亮中仿佛有着那老奶奶的模样，慈祥的笑着，吃力地看着…。。我渐渐进入了梦乡，一个悲伤而后悔的梦。

第二天，我趁父母没起床又跑去了集市，我狂奔着，仔细地寻找着她，那个略微佝偻的单薄身影。一圈一圈，最终没能找到，她就像不曾出现，我毫无头绪地捏着钱站在她曾出现的摊位前。中年男子热情地招呼着买菜的人，就像那个老奶奶，我恍恍惚惚的，心中酸涩难耐。

我回了家，第二天仍没有见她。我心中就此有了个疙瘩，伴着我一起长大，再也不会消散。

这件事就像我洁白如纸的人生上一个鲜明的墨色污点，带着不堪的回忆、思绪埋藏在我心里，时刻提醒着我，扯着我的思绪。我难忘这，谨记着。

[初中精选作文令我难忘的一件事

So called self-help traveling refers that travelers themselves arrange travel route, travel time, and all the other matters during travel, without any guide and team leader. Nowadays this kind of traveling model is gaining more and more popularity among college students. According to the survey, over 80% of college students prefer self-help traveling to following a tour group。

Why are college students so fond of self-help traveling? Above all, self-help traveling gives travelers more freedom and space. College students don’t like being restricted. They want to arrange their travel as they wish. Moreover, self-help traveling provides college students a good chance to improve their adaptability and viability. Besides, the expenses in self-help traveling are controlled by travelers themselves. It is a good choice for those college students who have not much money for their disposal。

As a college student, I enjoy self-help traveling very much, and I have benefited a lot from it. For one thing, I have appreciated many amazing scenery that those travelers who follow tour groups can not. For another, self-help travel helps me learn how to deal with people better。

Tomb Sweeping Day is on the April 5th every year. Its a day to show our great respect to our deceased ancestors. On that day, we usually sweep the tomb of our ancestors and offer them food and drinks. We also burn paper money to them. It is believed that our ancestors in heaven will receive the money. Besides, everything in our nature takes on a new look on that day, so its the best time for spring outing. It must be fun and relaxing.

My favourite great book is The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain.

Tom Sawyer is a lively and clever boy. He lives with his aunt Polly. His

aunt is strict with him, so he runs to an island in the middle of the

Mississippi River with two friends, Huck and Joe. With Huck, he goes looking for

treasure; with Becky, he gets lost in a cave. And finally Tom and Huck find a

box of gold. Tom is the hero of the story, but there are other important

characters. Becky is pretty with fair hair. Huck is Toms best friend, and Injun

Joe is the bad man of the story.

The theme of the story is to do with children growing up and becoming more

serious.

In my life I have met many people who are really worth mentioning.But perhaps the most unforgettable person I have ever known is my English Teacher.

It is his special quality that is always kept in my memory.

For one thing,I was attracked by his wide range of knowledge.I remember that we students always attended his class with great eaherness because his lectures were humourously delivered,and he never failed to give us valuable advice.Nothing seemed difficult to learn after his explanation.

For another,I was deeply impressed by the respect he showed for us.As he treated us like friends rather than students,we all liked to visit his home for social activities as well as for advice.

Although it is over a year now since I attended his last class,he is the talk of our old classmates,and I know part of him has already stayed in my heart.

桂林，一个令我向往已久的地方，我不知道做过多少回桂林梦。古人说得好：“桂林山水甲天下，阳朔山水甲桂林”。游过桂林后，您一定会有这样的感受。前年暑假我有幸和妈妈来到这闻名中外的著名景点桂林。圆了我的桂林梦，这次桂林旅行已经深深地印在我的脑海里。

首先我们来到了桂林的市区，映入眼帘的是连绵起伏的山峦，整个城市被山峦围绕着，一座座屏风般的悬崖峭壁上涂抹着七色的彩霞，像是给山谷画上浓妆，真是美不胜收。桂林市区周围分布着七星公园、芦笛岩、象鼻山、伏博山等著名的旅游景点，但是给我印象最深的是象鼻山，为什么叫象鼻山呢?远远望去就像一只大象把象鼻子伸进水里似的，真是鬼斧神工，让人惊叹不已!

游完桂林市区，来到了漓江，漓江是桂林市标志性的自然风景区，那里山清水秀，漓江全长437公里，漓江最著名的要数九马画山和黄布滩倒影，九马画山耸立滨江，在平直如下消的石壁上，身穿着青绿带黄白色的衣裳，姿态各异的骏马奔腾在石壁上。黄布滩倒影和九马画山靠的很紧，所以人们把这一段称作是黄金段。黄布滩倒影因滩底有一块米黄色的大石板，像一匹“黄布”而得名。“漓江山色，在倒影中。”此时真正领略到”舟行碧波上，人在画中游。”的美妙意境，令人心旷神怡……

桂林和阳朔的美景真是令人赞叹不已，这次桂林之行使我终身难忘!

五一小长假的第一天，为响应学校“读万卷书，行万里路”号召，我和敬爱的段老师，亲爱的妈妈，可爱的同学们，一起去济南春游。我们一共去了两个地点，动物园和科技馆，我开心极了！

第一站到了动物园，我们以小组为单位参观。在狮虎山，我见到了最喜欢的狮子和老虎。狮子非常的威风，长长的鬓毛，灵活的眼睛，锋利的牙齿。老虎威风凛凛，非常英俊，冷漠的眼睛，刀锋似的牙齿。尤其是白虎就像传说中的狼王，一样帅气。我还见到了可爱的小熊猫，它趴在竹亭上，正在睡大觉，任凭我们热情的呼喊，它纹丝不动。我看说明牌后，也涨了很多知识。环颈稚是一种最普通的稚类，也就是我们俗称的“野鸡”。黑尾鸥是一种完全的海鸟，有时成群，有时成对共栖。

第二站，我们到达了科技馆。我以前来过这里，但里面设施和这次不同。我们一进科技馆，有个模拟的时空隧道，一进去好像一座小桥，周围都是红彤彤的原点。越往前走，感觉小桥不停的旋转，我有点头晕目眩。大厅有三位伟大的科学家，李四光是著名的地质学家。茅以升是土木工程学家，桥梁专家，工程教育家。钱学森是我国航空之父，中国导弹之父，自动化控制之父和火箭之王，还发明了原子弹。展厅里有各种高科技的玩具和生活用具，里面蕴含着许多科学原理。其中我印象最深刻的是古希腊机器人，他可以走路，给客人倒水，非常厉害。我还没参观完，就到点集合了。我和妈妈约定好，下次再来，然后恋恋不舍的离开了。

回到车上，我感觉很累。但是一想，段老师和家长应该更累吧！好几天，段老师和家委会一起策划路线，准备东西。好几位阿姨也给我们准备了吃的，用的。妈妈休息一天班，特意陪我。我心里感动极了，谢谢段老师，阿姨们和我的妈妈，让我有了一个难忘的旅行。

"Qingming Festival is one of the most important traditional festival China.

It is not only the people pay homage to their ancestors, cherish the memory of

their ancestors Festival, is also the Chinese nations link to find ones

origin, is a hiking outing, close to nature, protecting the new spring

ceremony."

As an important content of the festival Ching Ming Festival sacrifice,

outing custom comes from the cold food festival, Shangsi festival. The cold food

festival and the understanding of the nature of the. In China, cold food after

the rebirth of the new fire is a kind of new transition ceremony, said the

seasonal alternation information, a symbol of starting the new season, new hope,

new life, new cycle. Then there is the "thanksgiving" means, more emphasis on

the "past" Remembrance and gratitude. Cold food observance ban fire cold food

festival tomb sweeping outing travel, take new fire. Before the Tang Dynasty,

cold and clarity is the two successive but the theme of different festivals, the

former Qiu Xin Memorial nostalgia, the nursing students; Yin and Yang, a breath

of life, the two have close relationship with the. Fire ban is for fire,

sacrifice to the Archilife dead, it is cold and clear the inherent cultural

association. Tang Xuanzong, the court had to order in the form of folk customs

in the Ching Ming Festival fixed sweep the tombs of the cold food festival,

Hanshi and Qingming is closely connected with in time, cold food festival and

Qingming associated with early, sweep the tombs from the extended to the

Qingming cold food.

前些天，我和妈妈、妈妈的同事、还有很多小朋友一起在惠州的龙门度过了一个难忘的假期。下面，让我来告诉你是怎么过的吧！

大清早，我和妈妈一听到闹钟欢快的叫声，就欢呼一声，一下子就跳下了床。吃完早饭，拿着旅行包，我们迫不及待地冲出了门外。

我们是坐旅游大巴去的。一路上，大家兴高采烈地谈论着、欣赏着窗外的美景；小朋友们互相分享着自己带的美味的零食，吃得可开心了。

两个小时的车程后，我们到达了龙门庄上庄度假村。哇！好美的地方啊！到处绿树成荫、鲜花盛开，还有大大小小的、各式各样的温泉池，真是好看极了！小朋友们一看到这个美丽的地方，就像出笼的小鸟一样到处飞奔。很快，大家换上了游泳衣，跳进了温泉池，泡起了温泉浴。金色的阳光照耀着水面，波光闪闪。每个人的脸上都荡漾着笑容，快乐极了！

后来，我们去了摘果子；晚上观看了精彩的篝火晚会，还跳了竹竿舞。这是多么愉快的一个夜晚啊！晚会结束后，大家各自回度假屋休息了。

第二天早上，吃过早饭，我们怀着依依不舍的心情结束了这次难忘的旅行。

My Home Town

请你根据下面的提纲，以“我的家乡”为题，写一篇100—120字的短文。

提纲：

(1) 家乡的地理位置；

(2) 解放前的情况；

(3) 解放后的变化；

(4) 对家乡的感情。

My Home Town

My home town is a beautiful place. It stands beside a wide river and is rich in fish and rice.

But in the old days it was a poor and backward little town. Many people had no work. They lived a hard life.

In 1949 my hometown was liberated. Since then great changes have taken place there. The streets have been widened. Factories, schools, hospitals, cinemas and theatres have sprung up one after another. The life of the people is greatly improved.

I love my hometown. All the more I love its people. They are working hard so as to make it still richer and more beautiful.

[我的家乡初中英语作文120字

As the world gets smaller with the development of technology, people

between different countries can learn different culture. They can find the

information from the Internet and most people learn the culture from media. But

the fact is that most media report the events in their perspective, which is not

showing the truth. So the best way for people to learn culture is to come to the

local place, staying for some time and talking to the local people, then they

will find what they learn is different from before. So the opinions from other

people and the media are just references. The truth is waiting for you to

find.

Father’s Day is coming and you must be thinking of giving a present to your

father。 Different people like different kinds of gifts。

If you have enough pocket money， you can buy a useful but not expensive

thing， like a tie。 I think your father will like it。 But if you don’t have

enough pocket money， you can do something that you can do， for example， you can

prepare a cup of tea。 When your father comes back from work， he can drink

it。

No matter what you do， the most important thing is to make your father

happy on Father’s Day。 Don’t you think so?

Pollution around us

In recent years our life is becoming better and better. But our environment is becoming worse and worse. Its very bad for our life. Now many people have air-conditioners and cars, they produce (give off ) waste gas. More and more trees are being cut down. There are so much sand on the earth (leaving only sand ) . We often see factories pour waste into rivers or lakes. Water in the river is quite dirty. We havent enough clean water to drink in cities. Now we are in danger. Its very necessary and important to protect the environment well. I think if everyone tries his best to protect the environment, the world will become much more beautiful , and our life will be better and better .

我们周围的污染

近年来我们的生活越来越好。但是，我们的环境越来越糟。它对我们的生活很糟糕。现在很多人都有空调和汽车，他们生产的（出）废气。越来越多的树被砍伐。有那么多的沙子在地球（只留下沙）。我们经常看到工厂把废水倒入河流或湖泊。河里的水很脏。我们没有足够的干净的水的城市。现在我们有危险。这是非常必要和重要的保护好环境。我想，如果每个人都尽自己最大的努力去保护环境，世界将变得更加美丽，我们的生活会越来越好。

童年是美好的，它犹如一杯加了奶的咖啡，又香又浓，让人回味无穷。其中有一件趣事让我至今记忆犹新，每每回想起来，还忍俊不禁。

这是一个炎热的季节，也是一个芬芳的花季，我尽情玩耍，陶醉在其中，那时我五岁。微风拂过我的脸宠，稍有凉意的下午，我盯着窗外那花枝招展的绿树，脑海中闪电般地浮过一个想法：如果把树的种子吞到肚子里，能长出一颗树吗?我想在肚子里种一颗树，于是孩童时代的我便飞奔去客厅，寻找材料。我想了想，种个果树吧，这样贪吃的我随时就能吃到水果了。说干就干，我立刻剥开了橘子，狼吞虎咽到肚子里，很兴奋地咀嚼着，脑海中不断浮现出橘子，那诱人的橘子，让我的口水都快流出来了。又想到树还要浇水，怎么浇呢?就拿喝水代替吧，拿来一杯清水，急匆匆地喝了下去……就这样，一天在我匆忙的走动中过去了。晚上，我躺在床上，设想明天会发生什么……等待着。

可是梦里，我看见阳光下那嫩绿的树叶在对着我笑，后来我肚子里的树真的发芽了，而且我的嘴里满是橘子和树枝，以致于我最后变成了一棵橘子树。

第二天开始还沉浸在美好的想象中，可不久我开始担心起来：如果我真的变成了那棵树，该怎么办?

有挽救的方法呢?可以用听诊器判断它的位置，然后再用吸管吸出来，不也可以吗?可是找谁帮忙呢?我觉得它都快长到嘴边了。我盯着窗外的树，那树在阳光的照耀下，好像在笑，咦!难道不可以找外公吗?

外公是个爱笑的人，长着一双烔烔有神的眼睛，这次我找到外公，把事情的来龙去脉都讲了一遍，还需要帮助，并问道：“为什么它不发芽?”外公那爬满皱纹的脸上绽出了一丝笑容，外公抚摸着我的头，慈爱地说：“傻孩子，树不发芽是因为你贪吃!不过没有长在肚子里的树，所以你不用担心了。”虽然我有些失望，不过还是“哧”地笑了，因为外公也笑了，我们笑个不停，好像永远也停不下来……。

今天我又看到了那棵树，虽然现在已是冬季，但是那嫩绿的叶子，高大的树干好象又浮现在我的眼前。那充满幼稚和欢乐的童年是多么美好，多么令人留恋啊!

Today, our class held the monitor election. `And I became the new monitor in my class. I was very happy, but I was still very nervous now. When the election began, I was so nervous that I can hear my heart beating heavily.

I tried my best to calm down for a long time. Then I went to the platform to begin my prepared speech.

I felt my brain was blank when I was having my speech.

Before the election, I was confident for this position, but I still so nervous when I was in the platform. Thanks for preparing in advance; otherwise, I must be embarrassed. But the result was what I want. It’s a happy thing.

今天，我们班竞选班长了。`我成为了新的班长。我很高兴，不过我现在仍然很紧张。竞选开始的时候，我好紧张，我都可以听到我的心怦怦跳了。我努力了很长一段时间才平静下来。然后我才走向讲台开始我已经准备好的演讲。在演讲的时候，我觉得我的大脑一片空白。在竞选之前，我对这一职位是很有信心，但当我站在讲台上时还是很紧张。幸好提前准备了；否则，我肯定很难堪。不过结果却是我想要的。这是一件值得开心的事

[初中英语作文：竞选班长

It is 4,000 years since the Chinese began to grow and drink tea.

There’re many kinds of tea in China, of which Longjing Tea is famous all

over the world.

Tea is usually drunk in tea sets. A tea set is made up of a tea pot and

some teacups, which are both made of china.

Most Chinese are fond of drinking tea. Tea is served not only at tea house

and restaurants but also at home. People also drink tea during breaks at offices

or factories.