初中关于友谊的英语作文【精品20篇】

I remember once upon a time, when I was running 800meters, I felt there seemed to be the impossible mission for me, I wanted to give up, then my teacher told me that I should not think about the 800meters, I should set up 100meters for myself, then I wouldn’t be so tired.

I did as he told me, indeed, every time when I finished the small goal, I was happy, in the end, I finished the running. I learn the lesson that we need to set up the best goal, it means we can make the small goals, which are so easy for us to realize.

Then every time we finish the small goal, we will close to our final destination.

我记得有一次，当我跑800米的时候，我觉得这对于我来说是不可能的任务，我想要放弃，然后我的老师告诉我不应该想着800米，我应该为自己定下100米的目标，这样才不会那么累。我按他说的去做，每次我完成了小目标，我就很开心，最后，我完成了跑步。我学到了东西，我们需要定下最佳的目标，这意味着我们可以定下小目标，对我们来说容易实现。每次我完成了小目标，就会离最终的目的地近了一步。

[初中英语作文：最佳的目标

Live with thankfulness Do you know Thanksgiving Day?Do you know why human thank God? Thanksgiving falls on the fourth Thursday of November, a different date every year. The President must proclaim that date as the official celebration.

Thanksgiving is a time for tradition and sharing. Even if they live far away, family members gather for a reunion at the house of an older relative. All give thanks together for the good things that they have. In this spirit of sharing, civic groups and charitable organizations offer a traditional meal to those in need, particularly the homeless. On most tables throughout the United States, foods eaten at the first thanksgiving have become traditional. What should we thank?

The thankful great universe provides the environment of existence for us and give us sunlight, air, water and everything in keeping with we existence of space, bring storm to let us accept to toughen for us, bring to us mysterious let us look for. The thankful parents give us the life, make us feel the merriment of the human life, feel the genuine feeling of the human life, feel the comity of the human life, feel happiness of the human life, also feel hardships and pain and sufferings of the human life!

The thankful teacher works with diligence and without fatigue everyday of teach, give us knowledge ability, put on the wing which flies toward the ideal for us. The thankful classmate and friend grows up road of, let I no longer standing alone in the itinerary of life;The with gratitude is frustrated and let us become in a time the failure stronger.

[ 多与家人朋友沟通交流初中英语作文

在教我的老师中，有亲切和蔼的语文老师，有严肃认真的数学老师，有活泼开朗的音乐老师，还有幽默诙谐的体育老师……这些老师都无私地教给我们各种知识，让我们在学习的海洋中自由地翱翔。最让我难忘的是教我英语的蒋老师，她不仅让我爱上了英语，更让我成为一个勇于克服缺点的人。

刚上一年级时，由于我在换牙，口齿不清，所以在英语课上根本就不敢进行口语练习，生怕同学们笑话我“大舌头“。当时同学们在老师的带领下，都能流利地用英语谈话，而一句简单的“my name is yuxiaolin”我都说不出来。面对老师的提问，我总是把头低下，心想：别叫我，千万别叫我!开始，同学们都踊跃举手，所以蒋老师也就没有发现胆小的我。

可是随着时间的推移，老师终于在一次口语练习的时候叫到了把身体都快溜到课桌下的我。我在大家的注视下，红着脸站起来了，我感到自己的眼泪快要流出来了。“别着急，说出你的名字。”老师的语气是那么柔和，可是我说不出口。时间就在我的窘迫中渐渐流逝，终于老师打破了沉默，“我知道你的名字，老师们都夸奖你是个学习认真的孩子。同学们，是不是呀?”同学们都不假思索地应和：“是!”听到这些，我的眼泪不由自主地流下来了。蒋老师带领大家一起说出：“my name is yuxiaolin! my name is yuxiaolin!”奇怪，我竟然不害怕了，也跟着同学们一起说连续说了两遍，就在大家都停下时，由于惯性，我又说了“my name is yuxiaolin”。“你真棒!”老师竟然祝贺我，“好孩子，你能再大声说一遍吗?” “my name is yuxiaolin!”我终于敢张开嘴了，心里也仿佛卸下了一块大石头。同学们没有嘲笑我，老师没有批评我，耶!我不怕了!

从那以后，不论什么课，我都勇敢地举手发言了，胆小的毛病终于摆脱了。在英语课上，我的积极性更高，不仅敢发言，而且还愿意和老师、同学们对话，英语的口语交际能力明显提高了。当初那节英语课一直留在我记忆的最深处，蒋老师如春风般的话语时刻在我耳边响起。

There are many television programs in Taiwan today, from TV aeries, quiz shows, soap operas, movies to cartoons. Of all the programs, I like to watch cartoons the best, like Cartoon network, Disney and many others. I like to watch cartoons because they are funny and very interesting, especially when I am sad, tired or bored. I also like cartoon characters. they are so cute and vivid. We must use our imagination when we watch cartoons. Because they are often exaggerated, so you need to have a sense of humor.

Today，pollution has become a serious problem to us. It means that the air，seas，rivers and land are polluted by waste or poisonous things.

It does harm not only to human beings but also to animals .

We cannot have fresh air because many factories have the poisonous smoke sent into the air. Beautiful parks are made dirty by plastic tins and bags.

Fish die from the polluted water. It is said that strange diseases have appeared in some places because of pollution.

I hope scientists can find ways to solve the serious problem.

We are looking forward to seeing the clear sky，clean rivers and beautiful parks again.

Last night, I played football match with my friends. We were divided into two teams and the lose team would get some punishment. At last, my team lost, the score was so close and I felt so pity. My friends from other team came to console me, he said all of us done so well. I know friendship comes first, don’t let the result affect our friendship.

昨晚，我和朋友们进行了足球比赛。我们分成两个小组，输的那个组会得到惩罚。最终，我的小组输了，分数很接近，我感到有点遗憾。我在另一个小组的朋友们过来安慰我，他说我们都做得很好。我知道友谊第一，不要让结果影响我们的友情。

[友谊英语作文

It is 4,000 years since the Chinese began to grow and drink tea.

There’re many kinds of tea in China, of which Longjing Tea is famous all

over the world.

Tea is usually drunk in tea sets. A tea set is made up of a tea pot and

some teacups, which are both made of china.

Most Chinese are fond of drinking tea. Tea is served not only at tea house

and restaurants but also at home. People also drink tea during breaks at offices

or factories.

我的朋友很多，但是让我最难忘，令我觉得最纯真的友谊便是我儿童时最好的伙伴，但是却因为我而破坏了我们的友谊，我想乞求你的原谅，但是一切都晚了……

那时，你和我都还小，大概六七岁的样子，我正在我奶奶家住，认识了你，我们的关系一天比一天好。你是个特别惹人爱的孩子，长着一头长而黑亮的头发，一双大而黑的眼睛，粉嘟嘟的小脸，总会让人惹不住去捏一下，总之你什么都比我好，大家都很喜欢你。

当时，正是庄稼的季节，稻场上有很多稻草，我不知是从哪来的奇思妙想。对你说：“我们到田里去烧红薯，好不好？”你当时很诧异的说道：“不好吧，万一起火了怎么办？”我说：“只要我们小儿点，不会的。”你还是不愿意和我一起去，在我再次苦求下，终于被我征服了。

我们拿着从红薯，来到田地，在别人的稻田里，拉了一大把稻草，用从我爱抽烟的爷爷那里偷来的打火机，点燃草，把红薯放进去，等待着红薯烧熟，我们看着火很大，心想应该很快会熟的，便出去玩了，于是我们越走越远，不一会儿，从远方传来“快扑火！快扑火！”的声音，我们便一同跑去，被惊呆了，我们烧红薯的地方全是大火。这时我拉着你的手跑回去，快到门口时，我看到我的奶奶站在门前，我就知道大事不妙，原来，我们烤红薯的时候，有人看见我们……

奶奶说：“是谁要去烧火的？”我不敢做声，这时你小声的说：“是……雪……”你刚要说出我的名字时，我就大声喊道：“是许芳，是她带我去的。”这时，我看见你的大眼睛里正闪着泪光。我一说完，便有许多人前来指责你，忽然，豆大的眼泪从你的眼睛滑下来，你妈妈便把你领回家了，我看着你哭泣的背影，便开始后悔了。

就这样，我失去了一个好朋友。

如果再发生类似的事，我绝对不会再推向别人了。我请你原谅我，我真的很后悔，我的好友……

[我们的友谊初中作文

你说，友情是什么颜色的?

灰色。当我与你邂逅，撞出友情的火花时，我看见它的色彩。当时我以为那是天真无暇、浪漫而温馨的白色。如今我才发现，友情的灰色竟如此苍白无力，如此令人窒息。

不!友情是五彩缤纷的。

那是你一厢情愿的幻想。

友情是绿色的!曾经你说过，每一份友情，都是一颗孕育着翠绿的希望的种子。我们种下它，并用彼此的心中的灵澈之水浇灌，让它生根发芽，茁壮成长。而今，这颗种子已长成参天大树。我们坐在它茂密的树冠下，背对背靠着，阳光透过树叶间的缝隙在地上撒下星星斑点。你跟我讲幼年在绿野放风筝的回忆，我跟你说儿时在街头舔着卡布奇诺冰淇淋玩耍的日子。一片青翠的小绿叶随风缓缓飘落，停在你的小脑袋瓜上，我站起身来，拍拍你的头，笑嘻嘻的跑走。树老枯黄，落叶萧萧，曾经的绿色被时间老人收起。

听我说，友情也是金色的啊!你说你的名字与日出有关，你喜欢看日出，但我知道你这只沉睡的懒虫从不早起，于是下午放学时我就拉着你去看日落。你笑了，然后和我一起趴在阳台上，兴奋地望着西边。傍晚的太阳收敛起午时的毒辣与耀眼。它的光芒既不呈金黄色，也不像橘色。夕阳伴着高山，“犹抱琵琶半遮面”似的藏着半身，他的周围嵌着一圈梦幻的金色。几片霞云被映得殷红，在一旁掺着这位满脸酡红的醉老头。你突然问：等到我们都变成八十多岁的老头子了，你还会陪我看夕阳吗?我很坚定地回答：yes，sir!

这句承诺恐怕难以实现，因为我们的友情正如那时的夕阳。

不要!不要再让我们的友情变成深邃的黑色!不要让我们的友情掉进无尽的黑洞!不要让我再回到那可怕的孤寂!那天晚上你冷冷地推开我说：我们的友情到此为止吧!现在我想对你说：我们可以重新开始吗?

不要让你眼角边的那颗晶莹剔透的泪珠划落，好吗?我答应你!让我们重拾画笔，以白色为起点，从头勾勒属于我们友情的色彩。

真正的友情不需要色彩。任何一种色彩，用力地涂，涂得深了，便成了黑色。

Dear Miss Jiang,

I am writing toshare my ideas about our English class. Now, our main material in the class isthe textbook, which is reasonable. But I think we can get some other resources,such as English magazines, songs, movies and so on. We can learn the basicknowledge from out textbook, and get some more from other materials. Inaddition, those materials are more authentic and practical, which will beuseful to our learning. Besides, by doing so, we can get more fun from learningand develop our interest to English. Please take good consideration of myadvice. Thank you!

Sincerely yours

Bella

尊敬的蒋老师

您好！我写信是想和你谈谈我对英语课的想法。现在我们上课用的主要材料是课本，这是合理的。但是我认为我们可以获取一些其他资源，比如英语杂志，歌曲，电影等等。我们可以从课本上学到基本的知识，同时从其他材料获取知识。另外，那些材料更真实和实用，这对于我们的学习会有好处的。此外，通过这样做我们可以从学习中获得乐趣从而培养我们对英语的兴趣。请您认真考虑我的建议，谢谢！

贝拉

童鞋们，是否还记得刚到中学军训时的情形。

那时的我们这么羞涩。遇见对方连一句：“你叫什么名?”都不敢说出口。“这种关系一直持续到军训，我们一直对军训心存期望。这一天，只见教练脸色严肃的跑到七班，“全体操场集合，准备军训。”紧接着，奔到班门口用同样的语气叙述着同样的话，望着教练那像要吃了我们似的表情，我们一丝不敢怠慢，飞奔到操场，纷纷和自个小学同学议论着。

教练鸦雀无声出现在我们的后面，有个“小间谍”对我们小声通报：“教练来了来了!” 我们以掩耳不及迅雷之铃排好了一列列整齐的队形。“从现在开始，我是你们军训的教练，姓林。”华刚落音，又是一阵阵议论“讨论完没有!”教练吼道。这让我们感到怯怯的，顿时鸦雀无声，“好了，我们开始军训!今天我们先学会定型。”“立正，稍息，立正，向右转。”一声杂乱的脚踏声。“面对太阳，定型30分钟!” “what?30分钟?还面对太阳?天呐!“我心里暗想。火热热的太阳，我们的心也火热热的，只站了5分钟，同学们的心都蠢蠢欲动起来，大家便窃窃私语起来，“喂，你叫什么名?”“你家住哪?哪所小学毕业的?我们当个朋友吧，以后我们就是同班同学了!”“..” 趁教练不在时，大家边都开始自我介绍，讲起了冷笑话，开起了小玩笑，完全忘了教练随时可能回来的危机，谁知，教练正在默默向我们走来。看着教练那火怒怒的眼神，我们都低下头去，教练教训着，还再罚了我们再定型30分钟。唉，才军训第一天就被罚，还有两天可怎么熬阿! 火辣辣的太阳好毒，照进同学们一颗颗滚烫的心。

这天虽然很累，但大家却觉得更多的是快乐!——因为这天是我们第一天相识，因为这天我们又多了许多个朋友，因为这天我们获得了许多的友谊、欢乐，因为今后会有更多人和我们“有福同享，有难同当。”

童鞋们一起努力吧，三年，足够让我们打下良好的基础，所以，朋友，一起加油吧!

[军训时的友谊初中军训作文

Lifeis a mirror. If we smile to her, she would also return the happiness to us. Butif we cry, she would be disappointed. Therefore, we should be positive towardlife, so as to get happiness.

生活就是一面镜子。如果我们对她微笑，她也会回报我们幸福。但如果我们哭泣，她会很失望。因此，我们应该积极的态度对待生活，从而得到幸福。

Actually,happiness is everywhere if we keep a good attitude. As we keep a good mood, ourworld will be a sunny land, which is resounded with soft music. However, if weare pessimists, well find our world is full of darkness.

其实，如果我们保持良好的心态幸福无处不在。如果我们保持一个好心情，我们的世界将是一个充满阳光的地方，充满了柔和的音乐。然而，如果我们是悲观主义者，我们会发现我们的世界充满了黑暗。

Whileon the other side, happiness is not a destination but a journey. Because theres no paradise at all, but wecan make a paradise if were hard-working and intelligent. So we should worklike we dont need money, smile like weve never been hurt, and perform ourselveslike no one can see us.

而另一方面，幸福不是目的地，而是一段旅程。因为根本就没有天堂，但如果我们勤劳有智慧，我们可以自己弄一个天堂。所以我们应该就像我们不需要钱一样工作，就像从未受伤过一样微笑，就像没有人能看到我们一样表演。

[初中英语作文：快乐来自乐观和奋斗

Last night, I watched a movie, it is about two teenagers, they have cancer, but the boy is positive about life while the girl is negative about life. They meet each other, then the girl is affected by the boy, she starts to see the beautiful things in her life. I am so moved by the movie, though the ending of the movie is not so perfect, we see the change of the girl’s life. The topic of the movie is to tell people to be positive about life, no matter what happens, even the bad fortune they get, they still need to smile every day. People need to find the beauty of life, so they won’t life live without meaning.

昨晚，我看了一部电影，那是关于两个青少年，他们身患癌症，但是男孩对生活很乐观，然而女孩子却对生活很悲观。他们遇见了彼此，然后女孩受到了男孩子的影响，她开始看到了生活的美好食物。我被这部电影深深地感动，虽然电影的结局不是那么的完美，但是我们看到了女孩生活的改变。电影的主题是告诉人们要对生活乐观，无论发生什么事情，即使他们遇到不幸，仍然需要每天乐观面对生活。人们需要发现生活的美，这样他们就不会活得没有意义。

[美丽人生初中英语作文

不要念念不忘，也不要期待有什么回响，你要从同路者中找寻同伴，而并非拽着旧人一起上路。

有些友情，比爱情还刻骨铭心，在我身上其实友情就像一束光吧，将我拉出深渊，我的友情并不泛滥，也不会有很强的控制欲，朋友也有朋友，所以我身边有许多不交心，像玩伴一样，只是在路上碰到会打个招呼。但我身边就有许多被友情困扰的例子。三个人的友情中，总有一个人是多余的。不论之前是多么你侬我侬，形影不离，一旦有人插足，就必定会裂开一条缝。在友情中吃的醋，不必爱情里少。W和S，从初一军训，就是好朋友，上厕所一起，吃饭一起，还因为没有记住对方生日吵过架，就感觉她们像连体婴一样。成了人人都羡慕的友情。这种关系一直持续到初二下，S有了另一个朋友，W在那段时间，心情就像坐过山车，起起伏伏，飘忽不定。当看到你身边有其他人，渐渐不需要我时，我就知道，我要退出了。当你能控制我的情绪的时候，我就输了。

但我认为，友情是人生快乐的一个附属品，你不能在上面抱太多的期待和时间，毕竟，大家都是第一次做人，有些细节难免会伤到你，所以当你认为你们的友情出现问题了，及时止损，一个人，更有可能会出精彩人生，强者都是单枪匹马，弱者才是抱团扎堆。世界上有太多抒情被叫做无病呻吟，知道你得了什么病的，多半就是知己。在这感情泛滥的时代，可能怪的是这社会吧!随便说出口的喜欢和爱，配不上一颗赤诚的心。最好的相处方式可能就是，可以随时说话，也可以随时不说话。友情是生活的调味剂，不是主菜，如果你为了不属于自己的东西奋斗了太久，就是你的不对了。抓不住的东西，连伸手都多余。不要因小失大，得不偿失，及时止损，权衡利弊。友情快乐的时间比伤心的时间多，如果不是这样，强扭的瓜不甜，及时放弃，放过她，放过自己。总不能想个要糖的小朋友，她会烦的，对吧?毕竟要想找伯牙和钟子期那样的知己，仅仅存在于古代和故事里。

开场不经意的突如其来，散场不得已的人生海海。不是遇不到，是很难遇到，友情不需要挽回，错过了，就是错过了，不要以为看到一两颗小树，就看到了一片森林。

倾听你自己内心的那个声音吧!他会告诉你未来的方向。

Today, people count on the high-tech products so much, we can see no matter

where we are, we could find people low down their hands, playing their

cellphones. About two years ago, it is very popular that people shopping online,

now as the function of cellphone has been highly developed, people can use their

cellphone to shop online. As shopping online is so convenient, more and more

people like to buy things online, especially the men, because they don’t like to

go out, now the Internet can help them shop in a quick way. The things online

are various, people can search what they want and compare with the price, they

can buy the products they want. Shopping online is the new way for people to

purchase, in the future, it will be more and more popular. The Internet provides

people’s life.

My plan for may day

On May 1sh, Im going to my grandmothers home.I think that must be very significative.Because she is too old to visit me and my parents, and she must be very have in mind our.

I will go for a walk with my grandmother and buy she some summer wears.they must fit her like best. Of course , I dont think that is a easy work! So it must takes me many time.

After shopping, we will have a good rest and have lunch in my grandmothers home.

And then, I will clean the home with my grandmother.

At last, I go home.

Of course, I must finish my homewolk.

[初中英语作文之我的五一计划

这是一份美丽的友情，说起来，它却十分古怪。一只蜘蛛和小猪的故事，就这样令人感动，它们非常普通，但，那种真诚却无与伦比。

在朱克曼家的仓库里，生活着一群快乐的小动物。偶然的一天，小猪威尔伯和蜘蛛夏洛成为了好朋友，并建立了真挚的友谊。可是，威尔伯却在人们口中得知，自己的命运将变成熏肉火腿，它很沮丧，甚至想要逃跑。可好朋友夏洛却一而再，再而三地帮助着威尔伯，并且用自己的丝在猪栏上织出了“王牌猪”、“了不起”等被人类视为奇迹的网上文字，终于让它在集市的大赛中赢得特别奖和一个安享天年的未来。但夏洛的生命却走到了尽头，它把自己还未出生的孩子托付给了威尔伯。虽然夏洛的孩子也与小猪很友好，但在它的心里，夏洛才是无可比拟的。

每每看到公园的石壁上，时不时结着蜘蛛网，我便会想起夏洛，想起那张奇异的网，也总会联想到爱，因为有了这张大网，威尔伯才会得到重生的希望;因为有了这张大网，小猪与夏洛间的友情才会那样深厚;因为有了这张大网，才会让我们感受到动物间的温情与美丽。仿佛，一个天使般的世界降临人间。

从孤独的一只小猪，绝望、沮丧，到刚刚有了夏洛这个朋友，兴奋、好奇，再从夏洛竭尽全力不住地出手相救，使威尔伯的希望之火重临心头，到最后夏洛的离去，悲伤、沉默。小猪经历了太多太多，然而，它只是一只弱小的动物罢了!为何要经历这么多的情感，这么多的尘埃!那是因为，它也有自己的感情，它的心也是真诚的。这不禁使我们深深感受到，蜘蛛与小猪的真挚友谊已远远超过他们之间的物种差异。

也不知怎的，我总觉得作者笔下蕴含着一种无法形容的情，或许是友情，一座友谊的桥梁;或许是亲情，无限的热爱与依赖;亦或许就是那种笼罩世界万物的爱，深沉又耐人寻味。回忆着整本书的经过，慢慢地写，细细地想，似乎“威尔伯”与“夏洛”这两个主人公已在脑海中模糊，可，那一份友谊，从没有改变，那一份真诚，从没有遗忘。

曾经在电视上看过《动物狂欢节》这样一个节目，在一位外国人家里，一条外来的狗和一只不曾相识的猩猩之间，竟奇迹般地建立起深厚的友谊。看吧，如果主人给猩猩一筒饼干，它就会毫不犹豫地倒出一大半分给狗吃;如果狗咬不了，它便会放到自己口中嚼碎了，再吐到手上，喂给狗吃。而且无论是游泳、玩耍，还是休息，这两只不同种类的动物总要厮守在一起，一刻不分离，也不想分离。

是啊，动物间和谐的情感是那样真切，那样真诚，那样真心。理解美丽的心，才会真正懂得一种温暖的爱。

Hometown is the place where a person belongs. Chinese people have special

feelings about their hometown. No matter where they go, they won’t abandon it

and always make some time to visit. My hometown brings me so many happy memories

and I wish it could keep its original face forever.

Two years ago, I lived in my hometown. It is a small village, so people

there get familiar with each other. When we walked on the country road, everyone

smiled when we saw each other. There was no distance for us. In the daytime, I

liked to go boating in the small river with my friends, or sometimes I could

catch fish. The green trees around me and I could hear the birds singing all the

time. It was a paradise for me.

However, even the small paradise can’t avoid being polluted seriously. The

environment is no more clean, the river becomes smaller and the water is so

dirty. When I see this, I feel so pity. If we lose the clean land, how can we

survive for long. Protecting the environment is in need.

Father’s Day is coming and you must be thinking of giving a present to your

father。 Different people like different kinds of gifts。

If you have enough pocket money， you can buy a useful but not expensive

thing， like a tie。 I think your father will like it。 But if you don’t have

enough pocket money， you can do something that you can do， for example， you can

prepare a cup of tea。 When your father comes back from work， he can drink

it。

No matter what you do， the most important thing is to make your father

happy on Father’s Day。 Don’t you think so?

English is the necessary subject to learn. Since I went to school, I have

to learn it. But I am not interested in it because I cant find how useful it

is. Two months ago, there was a new English teacher taught us, I realized that

her teaching method was very different. Before the lesson, she would let us to

listen to the English songs, or sometimes we needed to do role play. It was so

funny for us. We were very interested in the songs. Sometimes we could enjoy the

movie, which just opened my eyes. I saw a different world. I wanted to learn

English well and then search the world.

As is known to all, China is popular for its emperor of bicycles. This is

because our country is still a developing country and few people can afford

private cars. The demand for a means of transport is met by making millions of

bicycles available. Riding a bicycle has a lot of advantages over driving a car.

First, it is a physical exercise to ride a bicycle. In contrast, sitting in the

car, one tends to gain weight. Besides, it is nmch more economical to ride a

bike than drive a car. On the one hand,the only fee a bike-rider has to pay is

the annual tax. However, the annual fees for a car are costly. On the other

hand, a bike neednt be equipped with a parking lot, but a car must. Most

important of all, it is beneficial to the environment to ride a bicycle because

the bike doesnt consume petrol; it is a pollution-free transport. In contrast,

the exhaust released by the car is harmful to the environment. Since China is a

developing country with a large population, bicycles will still be the most

popular means of transport in China for quite a long time. Most people will

still ride bicycles to go to work or to school. The emperor country of bicycles

will remain for at least dozens of years.