2015关于小学英语写作技巧实用3篇 作文怎么写通用20篇
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10002024年初三英语写作技巧精选
全文共 4587 字
+ 加入清单导语:英语写作能力作为体现语言交际能力至关重要的一个方面,写作测试是对学生书面交际水平及能力进行检验最有效的途径。以下是yjbs作文网小编为您收集整理的写作技巧,希望对您有所帮助。
要想获得高分就应在“正确”表达的基础上写出自己的特色,写出自己的“亮”点。
一、词汇选择——标新立异
在写作中“较高级词汇”的使用主要是指使用《大纲》上没有的词语、使用通过构词法变化来的新词、使用同(近)义词或反义词等来代替常见词语。
1)这栋房子在芳草街的一栋楼上。
A: The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street.
B: The flat situates in a building on Fangcao Street.
分析:is in是常见词语,而situates in则是《大纲》上没有的,属于高级词汇。
2)在周末我们做很多作业。
A: At weekends, we have a lot of homework to do.
B: At weekends, we have endless homework to do.
分析:B句在表达时没有使用过于直接的a lot of,而是使用了endless。endless就是由《大纲》词汇end加后缀-less变化来的。
3)洗澡间和厨房都很好。
A: The bathroom and the kitchen are good.
B. The bathroom and the kitchen are well-furnished.
在表达要点时,B句使用了well furnished,这比good语气强,也显得生动。
在造句时,“较高级词汇”如能运用贴切自然,哪怕整篇文章只用上一个,也会使你的作文显示出与众不同。
二、结构造句——与众不同
在造句时,既要使句子生动,又要使其简明扼要。
1、使用与人不同的表达方式,特别是提倡打破汉语句子结构的束缚而重组的句子更受欢迎。
1)唐山曾在二十世纪八十年代发生过一次大地震。
A: There was a strong earthquake in Tangshan in the 1980s.
B: A terrible earthquake hit/struck Tangshan in the 1980s.
大多数同学使用了there be结构,这是对的,但是B句却摒弃了常见句式。另辟蹊径而使用了“主语+谓语+宾语”结构,且使用了terrible,hit/strike这样的词汇,更是难能可贵的。
2)你八月十五日的来信我今天早晨收到了。
A:I received your letter which was written on August 15th this morning.(多数人使用的方式)
B: Your letter of August 15th reached/ got to me this morning.(与多数人使用的方式不同,简洁)
2.使用一些强势句式,如强调句、感叹句、倒装句等,增强语句的表现力。如:
3)阿福救了我妹妹。
A: Ah Fu saved my sister.(一般句式)
B: It was Ah Fu that saved my sister.(强调句式)
4)我们看到庄稼和蔬菜长势喜人很是高兴。
A: We were glad to see crops and vegetables growing well.(一般陈述句)
B: How glad we were to see crops and vegetables growing well.(感叹句)
3、句式多样,复杂得体。在写作中应避免使用相同长度的相同句型,而应注意句式的变化,如长短句结合,简单句、并列句与复合句共用,还可使用简化句等;一些较复杂的结构如独立主格,分词结构等也可使用。下面的表达中A句简单句多,而且多处使用there be结构,显得单调、乏味,而B句就有自己的特色(请同学们自己分析)。
5)这是一套25平方米的住房,住房里面有卧室、有洗澡间、有厨房;卧室里有床、沙发、桌子和椅子等。
A: Its a flat of 25 square metres. There is a bedroom in the flat. There is a bathroom and a kitchen in it, too. In the bedroom, there is a bed; there is a sofa, a desk and a chair as well.
B: Its a flat of 25 square metres, with a bedroom, a bathroom and a kitchen. In the bedroom there is a bed, a sofa, a desk and a chair.
三、布局谋篇——独具匠心
在写作中,我们可按时间、空间或其它逻辑顺序来安排各要点,同时为使主题突出,结构严谨,我们应注意学习和使用交代句以及段落的主题句等。在布局谋篇上,NMET2002范文堪称典范。请看:
Opinions are divided on the question.
60% of the students are against the idea of entrance fees. They believe a public park should be free of charge. People need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves. Charging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away. What is more, it will become necessary to build gates and walls, which will do harm to the appearance of a city.
On the other hand, 40% think that fees should be charged because you need money to pay gardens and other workers, and to buy plants and young trees. They suggested, however, fees should be charged low.
1)该文使用Opinions are divided...作交代句,开门见山,随后两个段落均使用了主题句(见黑体字部分),使全文结构紧凑,表达严谨。
2)在表述要点时范文还对要点出场顺序作了调整,如“40%的同学认为应收门票,但不宜过高。”前部分作为主题句放在句首,而后部分另起一句放在句末:They suggested, however, fees should be charged low.这样就分清了轻重缓急,主题突出,条理清楚。
3)范文使用了and, what is more, however等连词,在段落之间使用了on the other hand(说明前后两个观点是相悖的),这些连接手段的运用加强了句子之间、段落之间的联系,使文章表达连贯,浑然一体。
4)范文在第二段为说明不收门票的“原因”时增加了Charging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away.等细节,这也是解决句与句之间缺少连贯性的常见方法。
写作技巧:
一、要善于模仿
对大多数学习英语的同学来说,英语的词汇量、句式的积累还极其有限,远不能达到用英文流畅表达,挥洒自如的境地。在这一阶段进行创作是不合时宜的,如果非要创造,只能写出“long time no see”这样的文字来。因此,模仿是这一阶段的必经途径。
谈到模仿,一些同学的办法就是背一堆范文,然后再到考场上进行一个“剪切”、“粘贴”的工作,效果可想而知。这不是真正意义上的模仿,充其量算是默写课文。如何模仿呢?
首先,模仿的目标要明确。模仿的重点永远要放在一定的句式结构上,而非个别的词汇。道理很简单:一个词,随着文章内容的变换,可能就不能用了;而句式结构是放置四海而皆准的东西,适用的范围广,学来对写作的帮助也就明显。
其次,模仿的材料要地道。像新概念英语这样的教材就提供了很多原汁原味的英语表达法。盲目选择文章学习,记一些不中不洋的句子,以讹传讹,浪费时间。
最后,模仿要体现在实际动笔上。比如说,新概念第三册有一个句式说:“…for the simple reason that…”表示某种现象的原因是什么,用在大学英语考试中,我们就可以拿来解释为什么自行车在中国如此的流行,表达为:“the bicycle is very popular in china for the simple reason that…”。然而,很多同学经常背了这些句式不用,一谈到原因仍然是“…because…”,等等。
二、要灵活变通
在批改英语作文的过程中,经常能发现一些将中文生硬地翻译成英文的表达法。由于中英文之间的差异和词汇量、表达法积累的不足,出现难于表达的情况是十分正常的。关键问题在于如何处理。有一句话叫做“立志如山,行道如水”,套用在这个问题上就很合适。写英文作文,一定要有决心把它写好,有信心把意思表达清楚,这是“立志如山”;但关键是遇到问题时要有个灵活的态度,能像流水一样变通解决问题。
有个翻译界的故事说:在某大型国际会议的招待会上,一道菜是用鸡蛋做的。与会的客人问翻译:“what is it made of?”本来是非常简单的一个问题,结果翻译太紧张,忘了“egg”这个词,但是他急中生智,回答:“it is made of miss hen’s son.”这里,就是一个灵活变通的范例。绕道表达,是写作中应该常常运用的一种方法。
三、要细心观察
要写好英语作文,还要带着敏锐的目光细心地观察,注意英语中一些表达上的习惯。
比如说,在正式文体的写作中,很少用 “it isn"t”这样的略缩形式,而往往是一板一眼地写作 “it is not”。同理,在正式文体中的日期一般不缩写,阿拉伯数字一般会用英文表达(特别长的数字除外)。
再比如说,翻翻新概念第三册所有的课文,会发现凡是一段文章的段首句出现转折时,转折词however都放在句子结构中的第二部分,以插入语的形式出现。分析原因,是因为段落一开始就用转折词,会时转折显得较生硬、突兀。
最后,许多同学在写作文时,习惯于把 “since” “because” “for”这样的词放在句首引导原因状语从句。事实上,在我们见到的英语报刊杂志文章中,这样的从句一般都是放在主句之后的。另外, “and”也常常被误放在一句话的开头,表示两个句子之间的并列或递进关系。其实,经常留心地道的英语文章能发现,如果是并列关系,完全可以不用连词;如果是递进关系,用 “furthermore” “what is more”更为普遍。
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篇5:英语写作基础考试技巧
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NO.1 写作
写作写作,第一步首先是写!一定要动手写,你看多少,背多少,都没有动手写来得实在,建议同学们拿考题多加练习。
NO.2 仔细对比
第二个就是仔细对比,写完后对照范文从三个方面去研究:第一个是内容,也就是构思和原文有何区别;第二个是语言,也就是用词、用句和原文有何区别?第三个是结构,就是你的行文思路和原文有什么区别?这是第二个步骤,写作的区别其实就是写作的弱点。
NO.3 背诵
第三步骤就是背诵:也就是可以去背诵一些范文。有的同学说了,范文我背过了,但是写作的时候还是不会写。有两个原因,第一个原因是你背得不熟,背得结结巴巴,还不如不背;第二个原因是没有练过,只是死记硬背。
所以为什么背了还不会用,有两个原因,第一背不熟,第二没有练过。背到什么程度,有12个字“滚瓜烂熟、脱口而出、多多益善。”要背到不需要去想,不需要去动脑子!如果背一篇文章还需要去想,那就证明还背得不熟。大家上考场,如果能想起平时的70%,那已经是相当不错了。所以一定要背熟,这就是第三个步骤。
NO.4 默写
第四个步骤就是默写:背熟后把书合上,把这篇文章默写下来。默写后,做一个工作:仔细对比原文发现写作弱点,你会发现你默写的文章和原文会有一些出入,包括拼写、语法、标点等,这种错误就是你写作的弱点,最好能够把这些错误用红笔标出来。大家为什么写作拿不到高分,根源只有一个——错误太多。很多错误自己都不知道。
NO.5 仿写
第五个步骤就是仿写:什么叫仿写?就是模仿你背过的文章再写出一篇新文章。在背完一篇文章后,要想想这篇文章有什么精彩的词组、词汇和句型可以使用。然后换一个话题,把这篇作文用一下,用里面词汇、词组和句型去构思另一篇文章。
写作的注意点和技巧:写作首要的是,一、不跑题;二、字数达到要求;三、字迹整洁工整;四、少有语病。
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首尾式照应
首尾式照应,就是在文章开头出现的事物或语句,在文章结尾又再次出现,从而构成首尾呼应的关系,使全文形成一个首尾圆合、严密无懈的整体。首尾式照应的作用,主要表现在两个方面,一是在内容上,它可以强调某种思想感情,强化主题意义,加深读者印象,提高表达效果。二是在结构上,它可以增强文章的完整性和回环美。
首尾式照应在记叙文中的运用,常见的有两种情况。
一是运用倒叙方法的记叙文,必然是首尾照应,这种情况最多,也最典型。例如《记一辆纺车》,它运用了倒叙的方法,首尾照应很严密。请看首尾两段的有关内容:
首段:“我曾经使用过一辆纺车,离开延安那年,把它跟一些书籍一起留在蓝家坪了,后来常常想起它。想起它,就像想起旅伴,想起战友,心里充满着深切的怀念。”
尾段:“就因为这些,我常常想起那辆纺车。想起它就像想起旅伴和战友,心里充满着深切的怀念。围绕着这种怀念,也想起延安的种种生活。……”
这两段文字,在内容上、感情上、修辞上、时间上、地点上、表达方式上等方面,几乎都是相同的,前者放在开头,领起全篇,造成悬念,揭示主旨,激发读者阅读的兴趣。后者放在结尾,总结全文,强调中心,回扣文首。这样,既强调了作者与纺车的密切关系,又深化了纺车的不平凡意义,使文章形成了一个很严密的整体。
二是运用顺叙方法的记叙文,也有首尾照应的,但没有运用倒叙方法记叙文的照应那么周密,那么严整,运用的频率也不高,难度却较大,但如果运用得好,会产生别出心裁的效果,例如莫怀戚的《散步》,是一篇用顺叙方法写成的记叙文,其中就运用了这种照应的方法。
先看开头:“我们在田野散步:我,我的母亲,我的妻子和儿子。”
再看结尾:“这样,我们在阳光下,向着那菜花、桑树和鱼塘走去,到了一处,我蹲下来,背起了母亲,妻子也蹲下来,背起了儿子。……”
这两段文字的照应,主要体现在两个方面:一是情节的照应,即“散步”;二是人物的照应,即“我”母亲、妻子、儿子等祖孙三代四个人。而且,照应的顺序很有讲究,开头是“散步”总概,结尾是具体的“散步”;开头由“我”到“母亲”到“妻子”到“儿子”,结尾依然是这样的安排顺序。这样照应,既有序,又有物,既合理,又严密。
首尾式照应是使文章完整的最主要方法之一,运用时,有两点值得注意:一是照应的语句要有所变化,不能简单重复,否则显得呆板;二是开头和结尾的文字,要有明显的适应性,开头只能作开头,结尾只能做结尾,不能互换而用。
总结式照应
总结式照应,就是在文章有关段落的前面或后面,对上面或下面的内容进行总结或领起,这种总结总领式的语句或段落,至少出现两次,而且句式或段落的内容和形式基本相同,从而形成前后照应的关系,使文章浑然一体。
总结式照应既在内容上归束上文,领起下文,又在结构上勾连前后,具有明显的阶段性,有的从内容上,逐层引向深入,有的从感情上,依次推向高潮。它在内容上以总结总领为主,在结构上以照应为主。例如《白杨礼赞》这篇文章,全文共9个自然节,总结式照应主要体现在第4、第6两节。第4节:“那就是白杨树,西北极普通的一种树,然而实在是不平凡的一种树。”第6节:“这就是白杨树,西北极普通的一种树,然而决不是平凡的树。”这两段文字,前者总结是第3节内容,后者总结第5节内容,它们都是一名话,都是独立成段,二者不仅内容相同,都是说白杨树的不平凡,都是说白杨树的评赞,而且句式也都是相同的,都是二重转折复句,都是判断句加否定句,实际上,只有两个词之差,其余所用的文字也都是相同的。这样总结,就构成了明显的照应关系,使文章前后相联,彼此关照,避免了松散和拖沓,强调了白杨树的不平凡意义,总结很有深度和力度。
总结式照应的另一种形式,就是体现文章主题思想的语句在文中多次出现,如果出现在开头,则起领起作用,如果出现在中间或结尾,则起总结作用。这种照应阶段性不明显,但更自由灵活。《钓胜于鱼》这篇以记叙文为主的哲理散文,就采用了这种照应的方法。体现文章主题的语句是“我是为钓,不是为鱼”,这个句子在文中完整地出现有两次,一次是在第6节,二次是在第 18节,除此而外还有与之相近的句子,如第10节:“能够欣赏钓,而不计较鱼”;如第17节:“不是为鱼的钓者”等。这些语句,有的用于段落的开头,有的用于段落的结尾,概括领起,总结归纳,前照后应,十分和谐紧凑。
总结式照应有明显的阶段性,阶段的体现有两种形式,一是并列式,像《白杨礼赞》;二是递进式,如《钓胜于鱼》。运用时,要注意文章的发展顺序,是并列式还是递进式。如果是前者,总结的语句可以相同:如果是后者,总结的语句就要稍有变化,要符合递进的内容特点,还有,总结的语句宜简不宜详,以概括为主,表达上一般是议论或抒情。
伏笔式照应
伏笔式照应,就是在文章的前面为后面设下埋伏的内容。这种照应,有的体现在事物上,有的体现在线索上,有的体现在情节上,用得比较多的是后者。伏笔式照应讲究的是“伏”,“伏”的内容设计要服从全文的主要情节,不能旁逸。同时,后文要有对前文“伏”的内容的说明,使“伏”的内容有个圆满的交代,从而形式前伏后应的密切关系,使文章结构严谨。
伏笔式照应既有单一性的,又有多样性的,前者按一条线索设置伏笔,单线发展,这种照应,比较简单,读者容易掌握.后者多方面地设置伏笔,也多方面交代结局,这种照应有一定的难度 ,读者不易把握,但用得好,可以增加文章的结构美。例如,《挺进报》就运用了这种多样性的伏笔照应。
文章开头提到陈然:“决心学写仿宋字”,狱中党组织又指示陈然“心须坚持写仿宋字”,这两处都是伏笔,后来,特务们核对许晓轩的笔迹,得出“笔迹相同”的结论,这是对前面两处伏笔的交代,照应十分严密。如果前面没有那两处伏笔,这个结论就很难作出,如果硬写上这个结论,就显得突兀了,这是第一组伏笔式照应。
篇8:秋游的小学六年级英语作文
全文共 2464 字
+ 加入清单Perhaps autumn is the most pleasant season of the year. The weather is neither too hot nor too cold. It is the best time for going on a trip.
Last Sunday we went to the countryside. There was golden wheat all over the fields/The fields were covered with golden wheat. Large and colourful apples and pears were hanging on the trees. We could see some peasants were busy getting in the crops in the fields, and others were picking fruits under the trees. All the baskets were full of lovely fruits. It was also the fruit of the peasants labour. No pains, no gains. What a magnificent/beautiful picture! It seemed as if we were wandering in a splendid/wonderful world.
I love autumn. I love the harvest time.
小学六年级秋游英语作文2
I always dream about returning to the past. As many people say, childhood is the happiest and easiest time in one’s life.
Children show you their true emotions. They know what is compassion and what is tolerance better than adults. In their world, all real thoughts are presented. They may easily have different opinions with others, but they never understand what is animosity. They enjoy making friends but they never think about making social communication net. Every child talks from the bottom of his heart without evil plans hidden and never intrigues against each other. Only in children’s way can adults make our life simple, more real and more enjoyable.
I wish everyone’s heart would keep as innocent and lovely as they ever did in their childhood. Then, the walls between our hearts can be broken down and the world would be a better place to live in.
小学六年级秋游英语作文3
Today, the teacher took us to zhongshan park. Here, everyone was so happy! In the autumn of talking and laughing on the road, like a happy little sparrow.
We went to the zhongshan park, there are two stone lions see stone road on both sides, terrible squatting at the door.
Upward along the stone path, see stone road on both sides of the yellow and green leaves, the autumn wind blows, the falling pieces of leaves, like a butterfly dancing in. We quickly climb halfway up. See below flickering skyscrapers, the car on the road is the size of a pencil case. Walk to the top of the hill, Chen teacher gave us a good team, we all sat on the bench, bathed in the warm autumn sunshine, laughing, and eating their food, and you gave me to eat, I eat for you. Really is happy!
The teacher took a photograph, we took our laughing faces, leaving the autumn the best memories.
篇9:小学我的暑假英语作文
全文共 669 字
+ 加入清单Imagine in the summer vacation is happy, secure and laughter always around. But everything out of my expectation, this summer vacation is boring, lifeless. Alas, this is not the holiday yet, is test for become a drowned rat. Thought after the holiday, can enjoy the relaxation, adjustment to adjust the mood, but shortly in the idea, make up a missed lesson this vacation "bad news" is coming, I like eggplant was beaten by frost - how, seems to have all thought suddenly thrown outside the cloud nine.
翻译:
想象中的暑假是快乐无忧、笑声常伴左右的。但所有的一切都出乎了我的意料,这个暑假是枯燥乏味,毫无生机的。唉,这还没有放假呢,就被考试折腾成了一只“落汤鸡”。本以为放假之后,可以尽情的放松一番,调节调节心情,但就在有这个念头不久,假期补课这个“噩耗”就传来了,弄得我像被霜打了的茄子——焉了,似乎所有的念头一下子都被抛到了九霄云外。
篇10:元旦小学英语作文_其他话题400字
全文共 396 字
+ 加入清单Today is the New Year’s Day. I have a three-day holiday, so I can go out have fun or stay at home to have a good rest. Today, my parents take me out. We go to the mall. Many things are cheap so my mother buys many. I have a new cloth and a pair of shoes. I am so happy. They are the gifts for the New Year. At night, we have a big dinner outside. The foods are so delicious. Today is a happy day.
篇11:有关音乐英语作文小学
全文共 594 字
+ 加入清单Music is part of our life, nearly everybody will listen to the music, no
matter what nation they are from. Music is divided into many types, such as the
blues, the country music, the rock and roll. Once blues belonged to the black
people, but as time went by, music is accepted by all classes. People always
share the hottest songs together, just like they can communicate. Once in the
foreign country, I had dinner in a restaurant, where there had the singers.
People enjoyed the music when they were eating. At this moment, it was music
that brought people together, and they share the same emotion.
篇12:小学六年级优秀英语作文_六年级英语作文1300字
全文共 1252 字
+ 加入清单When I got settled, the total use of the microwave to do their own things to eat。 One day, my father saw me, I am afraid to say that I grew up as a cook。 I immediately shaken like a rattle-drum head, you said : "That is not my ideal。 When I grow up I want to IT (information technology) industries。 "Yes, I bought a computer five years ago after his father, I am familiar with it day by day。 Until last year, and I have formed a deep bond with it。 From then on, I want success in the information technology industry to make contributions to the cause of national computer。 But my father said I could only do in the field "testing the game," is what the new game, and always let me play with, the report there will be any games。 I think what he said is not their fault, I always play games recently, those who do not have a veteran like Flash。 In recent days, I sprouted out of a bad idea : I will be playing the game that the network server to the black。 My account will revise the highest level。 However, I Xiangliaoyouxiang, this is wrong, but was caught by the police network is not good。 When hackers but also need high computer skills。 As a member of the IT industry is my ideal, I would like to advance this goal, to improve their computer skills
篇13:MyBackpack:小学二年级优秀英语作文
全文共 289 字
+ 加入清单I have a backpack. It is large and it is blue. It is a birthday gift from my parents. I love it very much. It is very hard-working, because I keep all my school things in it. It is very heavy. It is with all the time during school days. It is a good friend of mine.
篇14:关于中考作文写作技巧及方法
全文共 891 字
+ 加入清单文章摘要:经过我的一个个发明人类的社会将会更加美好?要是煮熟了放在碗里,像泄了气的皮球一样软软的。中考作文写作技巧及方法天兵天将不是很威风吗。谁叫他敬酒不吃吃罚酒呀;By——熙瑞。”“大姨允许你玩一会儿。月眼睁睁的看着雨倒下了,就倒在自己身前;你不会让老师失望的,对吧。
1.严谨的布局:
正所谓万事开头难,不过只要开了个好头,这篇作文就会很好写了。
凤头:是文章的首段,是阅卷老师首先入眼的地方,一定要做好整篇文章的中心把握,要做到下文与首段上下连贯,紧密结合,要通过开头使下文有可写之处,开头要达到让阅卷老师耳目一新的效果。例如,巧用排比,比喻,拟人等修辞手法,并且通过这些修辞手法,而统领全文主旨。
猪肚:在一篇上好的文章中,分段都会恰到好处,而当文章中只有一大段或两三段时,这篇文章即使文采再出众,也不会有太高的分数,因为阅卷老师在中考判卷时,每三分钟就要判出一份作文,工作量相当大,如果不善于分段,阅卷老师可能失去耐心,从而看不完,就会草草的给出分数。所以,在我看来,一篇文章至少要分6-8个段,但不是一行或几行一段,而是要看起来像豆腐块,一块块整齐的排列在一起,使文章紧中有松,松弛有度。要看上去整篇文章是一个整体,而不是零散的。
豹尾:在文章的最后处,应当让主题更突出鲜明,升华主题思想,使豹尾抽起来!或让人感到峰回路转,柳暗花明或更进一步的特殊效果。在文章末尾,应当再次点题,紧扣中心思想,让贯穿始终的中心思想继续延伸,引人深思。特别是要在结尾处,与开头形成呼应,对比,递进等等,来引发阅读老师的共鸣!
2.细腻的文笔:不管是记叙,议论还是散文;不管是写人写事还是写景。都要用细腻的文笔呈现出来,使文章中点更突出,让阅卷老师在看试卷的过程中,有深思,放慢阅读速度和重复阅读的情况出现,让阅卷老师身临其境,从而使文章更具灵性。
3.贯穿始终的思想感情:在一篇布局格式上很得当,错落有致的文章上,还必须要有一条贯穿始终的思想路线,这条线就像鱼的脊椎一样重要,这条线一定要清晰,明确,千万不可含混不清。
把握好这几点,一篇好的中考作文已经大致成型,不过要想在中考中脱颖而出,这仅仅是开始。
篇15:英语议论文的写作方法与技巧指导
全文共 7039 字
+ 加入清单议论文写作是几种常见文体中要求较高的一种。下面语文迷网整理了一些写作方法,希望对你有帮助。
一、议论文的文体特点和写作要求
英语议论文同中文议论文一样也是以议论的方式,通过摆事实、讲道理来阐述自己观点的一种文体。高中英语议论文是一种限制性的写作, 其论点、论据、论证都必须十分明确,学生必须结合题目要求来阐述相关观点。
议论文的结构可分为三个部分:1、引言段引出一个令人关注的问题或明白地亮出自己的观点,如提倡什么,支持什么,反对什么。 2、主体段对提出的问题进行分析、推论、并运用归纳法、演绎法和类比法等进行论证,取得以理服人的效果。3、结论段可以用两三句话来结束文章,同时要注意重申论点,与引言段呼应,但不能照搬原话。务必做到论点明确、要点齐全、论证严密、结构严谨、层次分明、首尾呼应。
二、议论文的写作方法与技巧
一)、审好题
人们常说:“磨刀不误砍柴功”。审题是写作的开始,是写好作文的前提条件,“好的开始是成功的一半”,议论文写作也不例外。只有明确题目要求,确立观点,确定论证方法及全文段落安排,才可能成功写出一篇好的议论文。如果写偏了题,再精心的构思、再好的语言表达也是枉然。审题主要包括六个方面:一是判断议论文所属类型。英语议论文根据命题特点,从形式上来看可分为如下类型: ①“一分为二”的观点。如:“轿车大量进入家庭后,对家庭、环境、经济可能产生的影响”。②“两者选一”的观点。如:“乘火车还是乘飞机”。③“我认为……”型,如:“你对课外阅读的看法”。④“怎样……(how to)”型,如:“怎样克服学习中碰到的困难”。⑤ 图表作文,通过阅读图表中的数字与项目得出一个结论或形成一种看法(杨家贵,2005)。二是确立该文的论点或作者须持的观点,以及支撑论点的道理和事实。三是确定全文所包括的要点。四是确定段落数及每段适用的连接词、过渡句,使文章连接紧凑、过渡自然、层次分明。五是选择全文主要时态及各段适用的其它时态。六是判断该文的格式,是书信还是短文。审题完毕,随即列出提纲。
二)、注重主题句的设置
主题句又叫中心句(topic sentence),是段落的论点,限制段落中议论的范围,是整个段落的纲领。主题句必须要正确,要明确表明作者赞成什么,反对什么。主题句在一篇百来字的议论文中好比“画龙点睛”,帮助作者分层次阐述自己的观点,让读者快速了解作者的观点。
1、确定主题句的位置
英语议论文的主题句宜设在段首第一句,这是由以下两个因素决定的。1)、主题句出现的位置有三种情况:①在段首,以便读者浏览主题句就可掌握文章的概要,这个位置适用于写提供信息或解释观点的段落;②在段末;③段中(高长梅,2000)。2)、英语民族的思维特点是常采用路标式(直线式)篇章结构,即主题句在段首。
2、写出好的主题句
好的主题句具有以下特点:①有一定的概括性,普遍性而不是罗列具体事实。②句意明确而不是模糊不着边际。③让人有话可写而不是给出无可辩驳的事实。④不以问题的方式出现,也不要同时表达两个以上的观点。笔者要求学生写了以下的主题句:
1)Staying up late is bad for our health.
2)The more cars, the better?
3)There are two reasons why some people are fascinated by Super Girls and two reasons why some dislike them.
4)Beijing is famous for the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Imperial Palace and other places of interest.
5)a. Tom is a middle school student.
b. Tom is a hard-working middle school student.
6)Living in small cities is better than living in big cities.
然后让学生对照主题句的特点,他们一致认为1)、5)b、6)为好的主题句。在实践和对比中,学生学会了如何写好的主题句,并且运用到议论文写作中,收到较好效果,见以下实例(下段黑体部分是主题句)。
Everyone lives by selling something. For example, teachers live by selling knowledge, philosophers by selling wisdom and priests by selling spiritual comfort. Though it may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money, it is extremely difficult to calculate the true value of services which people perform for us. The conditions of society are such that skills have to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid for at a shop. Everyone has something to sell.
由此可见,好的主题句能帮助作者阐明观点,起到提纲挈领的作用。作者围绕段落的中心论点,运用多种方法展开论证,达到以理服人的效果。
三)、用好连接词和过渡句
从行文需要出发选用恰当的连接词、过渡句可使整篇文章文句流畅,句意转换自然,同时使表达合乎逻辑,文章结构严谨。倘若一篇议论文的段落里不乏高级词汇和复杂语法结构,但缺少了连接词、过渡句的润色而不能从一个观点自然地过渡到另一个观点,或段落里的各论据(supporting sentence)连接松散,势必削弱论证的效果,就算不上一篇好的议论文。下面分别说明如何有效运用连接词与过渡句。
1、句与句的连接词
连接词通常由连词、副词、介词短语和插入语等充当。如何有效使用连接词,使句意连贯、紧凑,以体现文章良好的严密的论证逻辑?
2.段与段的过渡句
过渡句帮助作者展示文章的条理和层次。恰当运用过渡句能使表达锦上添花。当文章从一个层次转换到另一个层次,或由一段内容转入另一段内容时需要用过渡句。恰当有效的运用过渡句,效果明显(见下文,题目及要求略,黑体部分为过渡句)。
Wearing school uniform every day spreads an order over many schools. Is it good or bad for students? Different people, however, have different opinions on this matter.
Some people say that it has a bad effect on developing students’ personal character. According to them, students are tired of wearing the same clothes every day, which is hard to tell who’s who. Furthermore, the cost of the school uniform is not low as many people think. With the bad quality, it’s not well worth the money.
However, as a popular saying goes: “Every coin has two sides.” Others argue that it is good for students. In their opinion, wearing school uniform will prevent students from wasting so much money on clothes and the time on catching up with the fashion. In addition, it’s easy for the teachers to recognize the students. There is no doubt that wearing school uniform every day is good for students.
In short, I firmly support the view that we should wear school uniform.(康珍,2005)
上文黑体部分综合体现了恰当、有效运用连接词和过渡句的最佳效果。全文行文流畅、衔接自然、条理清楚,浑然不觉作者是在套用各种连接词和过渡句。因此,非常有必要熟记一些常用典型的议论文过渡句,使议论文结构严谨,论点清楚,行文流畅。
1)引言段的常用过渡句
Recently we had a heated discussion on…, Opinions are various among different people.
Different people have different opinions on the question of …
They differ greatly in their attitudes towards …
Different people hold different views/opinions on this matter.
Although most people think… I believe…
此类过渡句能迅速引起读者注意,自然而然地引出全文要讨论的话题,或者开门见山地阐明文章的论点。
2)主体段的常用过渡句
Some may hold the view that… because… But others have a negative attitude. From their point of view…
Some people think that… While others believe…
Some people are for the idea of… because… But some people are against the idea of… because …
本文所指议论文的主体段可以是一段也可以是两段。通过正确使用过渡句,文章思路清晰,结构清楚,显示作者严谨思维,增强表达效果。
3)结论段的常用过渡句
As far as I am concerned, I totally agree with the statement that…
Therefore, it’s easy to draw the conclusion that…
As a consequence/result, I firmly support the view that…
Taking all these factors into consideration, we may reach the conclusion that…
To sum up/in a word/in conclusion/in short/above all/in general/ generally speaking, I still hold the view that…
运用过渡句的提示作用进入结论段,作者或是重申论点,或是强调论点,以便加深读者对全文的了解和深刻认识。
英语议论文范文:
Should Examination Be Abolished (取消)?
The examination system has come to be the main theme (主题)of modern education. One should take an examination andsucceed in passing it before he could be admitted, promoted or graduated. As it plays so important a role in the realm of education (教育的领域) it is under much criticism (评论) as to its validity (有效性) . People who are in favour of it try to develop this system more; those who are against it believe that such a system should be abolished. Should examination be abolished? In my opinion it should be.
Many people think that an examination is the only means to test knowledge, but, in fact, that is not true. A few questions given in an examination could by no means cover the whole field of the subject. Thus those who are able to answer them may be the poorest of the students and yet happen to know just a few points about that subject.
Id like to say that, because of the existence of the examination system, students pay so much attention to gaining high marks, that they often forget the chief purpose of education. The so-called clever students devote (贡献) themselves to the study of textbooks only. They, of course, know nothing but the skeleton (梗概) of knowledge. The end and aim of education, however, is to enable students to learn how to live. To do this, students must get themselves to do all kinds of training, physicalas well as mental. The present examination system has discouraged students from making such an attempt.
Moreover, since the students try so hard to put their lessons into memory in as short a time as possible, psychologically (心理上来看), they soon forget the whole subject as soon as the examination is over. Surely this is one of the greatest wastes ever made in the history of civilization.
Lastly, in order to get high marks, there is a great temptation (诱惑) for students to cheat (作弊) in an examination. Indeed, such a practice becomes the means to the end. They cheat their teachers, their parents and also themselves. Such a tendency would impair (损害) our moral standards (道德标准) .
Therefore, I am of the opinion, in conclusion, that the examination system should be abolished.
篇16:教师节作文写作技巧指导及案例分析
全文共 1029 字
+ 加入清单9月10日星期三晴
今天是教师节,总所周知是感恩老师的节日,我们三班自然也不例外,会给老师准备一个大惊喜。
铃声响起,大家异口同声的说:“祝老师教师快乐!”这一声祝福可是让老师放松了警惕啊。老师不经意间发现讲台桌上摆满了巧克力糖,老师笑嘻嘻的问:“这是给我的吗?”我面带微笑答道:“老师你要是不想吃,给我吧。”于是老师向我抛了一个巧克力糖,我完美的接住了。张口就吃。“谢谢老师了”我调皮的答道。“来人呐,上飞雪!”这一声让猝不及防的老师吓坏了,赶紧面朝黑板。于是许许多多的“武器”向老师袭来,老师因此变成了半个圣诞老人呢。
在老师身上的飞雪彩带快掉完了的时候,班长说:“老师你那上面还有好多呢,我帮你擦擦。”大家都疑惑的看着她,也不知道他葫芦里卖的什么药。她刚擦了一下,就又拿出飞雪袭击老师,班上在一次因为飞雪轰动起来,可怜的老师啊!
真希望每天都是教师节,每天都开开心心的!
写人是作文的基本命题。写人,可以侧重写人物的外部表现,即写他在做些什么,或者有哪些动人事迹;(next88)也可侧重写人物的内心活动,写他在一件事面前,在与别人交往中,或在一种特定的环境中的内心变化,和随之产生的喜、怒、哀、乐之情;也可以交错地写人的外部表现和心理活动。
写人的文章应注意以下几点:
1、交代清楚他是什么人,如他的年龄、性别、外貌、职业、性情,及与自己的关系。
2、要写出人物的特点。就是要写出这个人与其他人不同的地方。只有把特点写出来了,才能给读者留下深刻的印象,文章也才能与众不同,有了新意。
3、要通过具体的事件来表现人物,决不能象老师给你写品德评语那样来写人。所选的事件要能充分表现这人性格和品质。当你把事情写好了,人物也就写好了。如当你读完《董存瑞舍身炸暗堡》以及《我的战友邱少云》以后,你对这两位英雄就有了深刻的印象了。
4、要抓住人物细微的动作及其变化,给予具体,生动的描写。即抓住细节刻画人物,使原来比较平板、模糊的形象变得栩栩如生,有血有肉。如《一夜的工作》中,周总理扶正转椅就是一个细节描写,它表现了周总理有条不紊的工作作风。
5、在进行人物语言描写时,要符合人物的身份和性格,因为不同的年龄、职业、性格等的人物,他们所讲的话是不同的,即使是同一个人,在不同的情况下所讲的话也是不同的。
6、要紧紧扣住人物的特点和文章所要表达的中心思想来写人,不要想到什么就写什么,马虎拼凑,拉拉杂杂,更不能重复罗嗦,画蛇添足,使人看了不知在说什么。
篇17:四级考试写作选词方法与技巧
全文共 635 字
+ 加入清单四级作文考查的是写作的基本功,其准确用词包括三重含义:一是书写正确,即拼写和大小写等无误;二是词义正确,即所用的词确定能表达自己的意图;三是用法正确,包括词的语法搭配关系和意义搭配关系等。
选词的标准是:所选的词应该准确达意,通俗易懂,并符合英语的表达习惯。选词的重要性我们不再赘述,这里我们着重介绍由于用词不当而造成的错误现象。错误现象的成因很多,而形近词的误用是出错的重要原因之一。比如:有个美国学生在作文中这样写道:My goal in life is to be a success, and when I retire I want to devote my money to philandering。这个学生把最后一个词弄错了,他原来想说的词是philanthropy,结果意思相差十万八千里。
下面我们从句子和段落两方面,通过具体实例来说明选词在短文写作中的重要性,以及因为选词不当而造成的错误现象。
【例1】 Good study habits attributed to his performance on tests。
【分析】该句中的attributed to意为把归于;认为是的原因,用在这是不符合句意的。我们知道contribute to意为助于;促成,所以这里是因词义混淆而产生的句子的逻辑错误。
【更正】Good study habits contribute to his performance on tests。
篇18:记叙文写作的技巧解析
全文共 1955 字
+ 加入清单1.巧设悬念
把文章后面将要表现的内容,先在前面作一个提示,但不马上解答,以引起读者的好奇兴趣,产生急于看下去的迫切心情,这样文章的开头,我们称为巧设悬念。它的好处是能避免结构上的单调,使文章的情节波澜起伏,引人入胜。
2.一线串珠
记叙文的线索是贯穿全文、将材料串连起来的一条主线,它把文章的各个部分联结成一个统一、和谐的有机体。如果说丰富而生动的材料是一颗颗珍珠,那么线索就是将这些珍珠串连起来的一条线。
记叙文的线索主要有实物、人物、事件、时间、地点以及以作者的思想感情等。无论采取哪种线索,都必须从表现文章的中心思想和体现各种材料之间的内在联系出发,灵活巧妙地确定。
3.以小见大
以小见大,就是以小题材表现大主题的方法。生活中有些材料看起来似乎很平常,但却包含了深刻的意义。“一滴水也可以反映太阳的光辉”。只要善于透过现象发现本质,小材料同样能反映深刻的主题。如《一件珍贵的衬衫》。
4.穿插流动
5.粗笔勾勒
粗笔勾勒法就是用寥寥的几笔重点勾勒出人物外貌的主要特征。采用粗笔勾勒法描写人物肖像,可以对人物的身材、体型、衣着、容貌、神情、姿态、风度的某一方面或几个方面作简要的勾勒。
运用粗笔勾勒法描写人物肖像要抓住人物的最主要的特征,用朴实的文字简略地写出来,不宜用过多的形容词、过多的比喻。其次要简练传神,通过寥寥几笔勾勒出人物的大致形象。
6.烘托艺术
烘托艺术原是中国画的技法名称,是指渲染某一部分,衬托出另一主要部分来。把这种手法运用到文章的构思中来,就是从侧面通过描绘某件事、景或人的方法来衬托出主要人或事物,又称“衬托法”。衬托,也叫映衬。用类似的或反面的事物,使主要事物意思更加鲜明突出,从而达到强烈的表达效果。如“红花还须绿叶扶”。有了陪衬的事物,被陪衬的事物才会显得突出,才能得到更加充分的说明。
1、衬托,可分正衬和反衬。
正衬,就是用类似的事物,从正面去陪衬。烘托主要事物。如“风萧萧兮易水寒,壮士一去兮不复返。”用冷风寒水来衬托壮士此行的悲壮。又如“蓝天衬着矗立的巨大雪峰”,用蓝天衬雪峰,使雪峰更高大。
反衬,就是利用同主要事物相反或相异的事物作陪衬。如上例中的蓝天的蓝,来衬托雪峰的白,使雪峰更洁白。又 如“蝉噪林愈静,鸟鸣山更幽”,以有声衬无声。
2、运用衬托要爱憎分明,要宾主分明,陪衬事物与被陪衬事物,要让人一看便清楚,不能喧宾夺主。
3、衬托和对比的区别:
对比,是把两种不同的事物或同一事物的两个不同方面放在一起相互比较。它与反衬有些相似,但不同。对比,意在比,突出的对象是双方的,对立两事物无主宾之分。
衬托,意在衬,两事物有主宾之分,突出的是主要一方。如:“先天下之忧而忧,后天下之乐而乐”与“已是悬崖百丈冰,犹有花枝俏”,前句是对比,后句是反衬。
7.画龙点睛
画龙点睛是指在适当的时候以一二句议论,点明事物、人物、景物的意义之所在,或揭示作品主题,醒人之耳目,给人以启迪。点睛之处可以是在篇中,也可在篇末。
8.前后照应
前后照应法可以使文章严谨连贯,浑然一体,又突出内容和结构上的内在联系。照应一般有以下几种:
1、内容和标题相照应。这种照应方法常常是内容安排多处和题目照应,或在恰当的地方直接、间接地点明题意。如《背影》,文中多次描写“背影”,既与标题“背影”相照应,又进一步点明题旨,充分表达了作者对父亲深深的思念之情。
2、行文中间照应。这种照应方法就是在文章前面写事,后面行文交代前面所写事的结果,使内容相互补充,层层深入。
3、结尾与开头照应法。在文章的结尾处对开头交代的事情作必要的提及,使文章首尾一致,成为有机的整体。如《白杨礼赞》一文,开头和结尾照应,不但使文章结构显得非常完整,而且使作者的赞美之情得到了淋漓尽致的抒发。
9.卒章显志
在文章结尾时,用一两句话点明中心、主题的手法就叫卒章显志,也叫“篇末点题”,“志”就是指文章的主题、中心。恰当运用这种手法可以增加文章的深刻性、感染力和结构美,有“画龙点睛”的艺术效果。
10.一波三折
记叙性文章要避免平铺直叙,记流水账,如能写得波澜起伏,就能引人入胜,耐看。
俄国作家柯罗连科的写景小品《火光》通篇运用了象征手法,但从字面上看,数百字的短文,由作者的感受引发了一波三折的景物变化,黑夜泛舟,火光又明又亮,好像就在眼前,这是开头展示的基本景象;船夫不以为然,认为还远着呢,兴起一波;自己从不相信到信服,又兴起一波;由“非常遥远”到“毕竟就在前头”,重要的是“必须加劲划桨”再兴一波“一波三折”,“波折”要入情入理,让读者产生情理之中、意料之外的感觉,方能做到引人入胜。而脱离生活,故弄玄虚的“波折”非但不能吸引读者,还会适得其反。
11.欲扬先抑
“欲扬先抑”与“欲抑先扬”是相反的两种布局方法。 采用这种写作手法,要自然合理,切不可牵强生硬。
篇19:小学六年级英语写一封信
全文共 673 字
+ 加入清单To whom it may concern,
I am one of your customers(顾客). I ordered(订购)a set of(一套) Bookworm Series on your website two weeks ago, but I didn’t receive them until yesterday. And much to my disappointment, thebooks were so poorly packed up that the cover of one book was torn. To makematters worse, it is not a complete set, as I found one book missing.
I am sorry to have received such poor service, and I believe I have every rightto ask you to deal with this problem. I hope that you either return my money ordeliver a new set of books to me. Besides, I’d like to be informed of theprocess of your dealing with my complaint.
Lookingforward to your reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
篇20:假期规划小学英语作文
全文共 670 字
+ 加入清单During those days。 I enjoyed myself。 At first, I went to the zoo to see lovely animals。 And then。 I went to the sea world to see beautiful fishes。 That was very interesting。 Secondly I went for a trip with my parents, we went to Linxia to visit my grandparents and to eat minority’s foods。 We rode horse on the grassland and had a fun with local children。 It was very exciting。 After that, I held a party and invited some of my best friends to visit my house。 My mother bought a lot of tasty foods for us, we also took many photos on the party。 We played very happy。 I also watched lots of carton films at home, they were wonderful。
I like the holiday。 I like my May Day。