2015关于小学英语写作技巧实用3篇 作文怎么写【通用20篇】

就“说明对象”而言，英语说明文可分为对“客观具体事物”的说明和对“主观抽象观念”的说明两大类，比如：对“LASER（激光）”、“Computer Problem of Year XX（计算机XX年问题）”等等的说明都是对客观或者具体事物的说明，而“The Successful Interview（谈成功的面试）”、“How to Write Good English Composition（如何才能写好英语作文）” 等是对主观抽象观念的说明。对我们中学生朋友来说，在汉语说明文的教学中似乎比较侧重前者，即解释客观具体事物的说明文。但在英语说明文中，阐述和说明 “主观抽象观念”的说明文占了很大的比重，其中有些类似汉语中的议论文。但是无论是对“客观具体事物”的说明还是对“主观抽象观念”的阐述，英语说明文从结构上看大致可分为三个部分：第一部分一般是文章的第一段，提出文章的主题，也就是说，文章想要阐述、说明的主要内容；第二部分是文章的主体，可由若干个段落组成，对文章的主题进行展开说明；第三部分是结尾段，对文章的主题作归纳总结。从英语说明文的结构可以看出，要写好英语说明文的关键在于第二部分如何对文章主题进行展开说明。在英语中，常见的用来展开文章主题的方法有下列几种：

1.罗列法（listing）

在文章开始时提出需要说明的东西和观点，然后常用first，second，…and finally加以罗列说明。罗列法广泛地使用于各类指导性的说明文之中，下面这篇学生作文就是用罗列法写成的：

Early Rising

Early rising （早起） is helpful in more than one way. First， it helps to keep us fit （健康）。 We all need fresh air. But air is never so fresh as early in the morning. Besides， we can do good to our health from doing morning exercise （做早操）。

Secondly， early rising helps us in our studies. We learn more quickly in the morning， and find it easier to remember what we learn in the morning.

Thirdly， early rising enables （使能够） us to plan the work of the day. We cannot work well without a good plan. Just as the plan for the year should be made in the spring， so the plan for the day should be made in the morning.

Fourthly， early rising gives us enough time to get ready for our work， such as to wash our faces and hands and eat our breakfast properly.

Late risers may find it very difficult to form the habit of early rising. They ought to make special efforts to do so. As the English proverb says，“Early to bed and early to rise， makes a man healthy， wealthy and wise.”

罗列法经常用下列句式展开段落，我们可以注意模仿学习：

There are several good reasons why we should learn a foreign language. First of all， …Secondly， …And finally， …

We should try our best to plant more trees for several good reasons First of all， …Secondly， …And finally，

必须指出的是，有时罗列法并不一定有明确的first， second…等词，但文章还是以罗列论据展开的。

2.举例法（examples）

举例法是用具体的例子来说明我们要表达的意思，常用for example， for instance， still another example is…等词语引出。下面这篇学生作文就是用举例法写成的：

Recreation

It is impossible to keep in good health unless we take enough recreation （娱乐）。 The mind， too， needs change to make it fresh and vigorous （有活力的） There is much truth in the old saying， All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.“

There are many games which boys and girls can play after their school work is done， for instance， football， tennis， and kite-flying. Other examples of recreation are boating， fishing， gardening， cycling， walking， chess-playing， and reading. Persons who sit much at their business should take a kind of recreation that will supply their muscles （肌肉） with exercise. Those who spend most of their time in the open air and do manual work （体力活） should adopt （采纳） reading or some other quiet form of recreation.

Cycling is said to be an important means of recreation， but many persons foolishly tire out themselves by cycling too much. The same may be said in regard to football. Tennis is a pleasant form of recreation. Many persons take great delight in boating. Fishing requires much patience， and there is much danger of taking cold by sitting still on a cold day too long. A good brisk （轻松） walk is one of the finest forms of exercise. For persons engaged in outdoor labor， chess-playing is another excellent form of recreation.

可以看出，举例法和罗列法有时可以结合使用：即用罗列法来列出例子，用例子充实罗列的说明。

3.比较法（comparison and contrast）

比较法是对两个对象进行比较，从而进行说明的写作手法。比较法又可细分为比较相同点（comparison）和比较不同点（contrast）两种方法，比如：

From Paragraph to Essay

Although they are different in length （长度）， the paragraph and the essay are quite similar in structure （结构）。 For example， the paragraph starts with either a topic sentence （主题句） or a topic introducer followed by a topic sentence. In the essay， the first paragraph sets up the topic focus （主题所在） Next， the sentences in the body of a paragraph develop the topic sentence. Similarly， the body of an essay consists of a number of paragraphs that discuss and support the ideas given in the introductory （引导的） paragraph. Finally， a concluding sentence （结束句） ——whether a restatement， conclusion， or observation——ends the paragraph. The essay， too， has a concluding paragraph which ends the essay logically and satisfactorily. Although there are some exceptions （例外）， most well written expository （说明文的） paragraphs and essays are similar in structure.

可以看出，在比较相同点的时候，常用到similarly，also，too，in the same case，in spite of the difference等这样的词语。

European Football and American Football

Although European football is the parent of American football， the two games show several major differences. European football， sometimes called association football or soccer， is played in 80 countries， making it the most widely played sport in the world. American football， on the other hand， is popular only in North America （the United States and Canada）。 Soccer is played by eleven players with a round ball. Football， also played by eleven players in somewhat different positions （位置） on the field， is played with an elongated （拉长的） round ball. Soccer has little body contact （接触） between players and therefore needs no special protective equipment. Football， in which players make the greatest use of body contact to stop a running ball-carrier and his teammates， needs special protective equipment. In soccer， the ball is advanced toward the goal by kicking it or by butting （顶） it with the head. In American football， on the other hand， the ball is passed from hand to hand or carried in the hands across the opponents （对手） goal. These are just a few of the features which distinguish （区别） association and American football.

这是一篇用比较不同点的手法写的说明文。从文章中可以看出：however，on the other hand，in contrast，but，nevertheless等表示转折的词语常用来引导对不同点的比较。

4.定义法（definition）

定义法也是英语说明文中常用的写作手法，特别是在对具体事物概念进行说明时经常使用。定义法的基本要素是定义句。英语中常见定义句的模式是：

被定义对象is所属类别+限制性定语

可以看出，定义句中限制性定语越详细，定义就越精确，比如：

A bat is a small mouse-like animal that flies at night and feeds on（以……为食品）fruit and insects but is not a bird.

其实，在英—英词典中，对英语单词的英文解释就是定义法的典型例子。比如，看看Longman词典对student和teacher的定义是很有意思的：A student is a person who is studying at a place of education or training. A teacher is a person who gives knowledge or skill to sb. as a profession （专业）。

5.顺序法（sequence of time， space and process）

顺序法是指按时间、空间或过程的顺序进行说明的一种写作手法。比如按照时间顺序介绍一个科学家的生平，用空间顺序阐述逐渐开发西部的重要意义，用过程顺序法解释葡萄酒的生产过程等等。

下面这篇学生作文就是用顺序法写成的：

Coal

Coal underwent （经受） many changes before it became the bright， brittle （脆的）， black substance which we now use. During ancient times （在上古时代）， when the earth enjoyed a very warm and wet climate， the land was covered with large forests and big plants. As time went on， the ground changed and began to sink （下沉） a little. These very large numbers of trees and vegetables received a deposit （沉淀） of sand and clay. This layer of sand and clay pressed upon the layer beneath and prevented it from contact with air. These trees and plants received the pres sure and changed its appearance.

Generations after generations （几世纪后）， as the ground kept gradually sinking， another layer of sand and clay was again deposited （积聚） above the layers already formed. A great pressure was thus exerted （作用） and the peat （泥煤） was changed into the black and brittle substance which is known as coal.

Coal is a kind of mineral which is formed by nature as above stated. It is an important industrial material and is chiefly used as fuel. It is very valuable in the industrial world. The place where coal deposit is called a coal mine （煤矿）。 In China， coal mines are largely found in the north-west part of the country. Shanxi is a famous province for producing coal. It has the most coal of China.

6.分类法（classification）

分类法是将写作对象进行分类说明的一种写作手法。比如：著名的英国哲学家弗朗西斯·培根（Francis Bacon）在其脍炙人口的《谈读书》（Of Studies）一文中就用到了分类法：

Some books are to be tasted， others to be swallowed， and some few to be chewed and digested， that is， some books are to be read only in parts， others to be read， but not curiously， and some few to be read wholly， and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy， and extracts made of them by others； but that would be only in the less important arguments， and the meaner sort of books…

参考译文：书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之，有只须读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。书亦可请人代读，取其所需摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者……

——转摘自《英汉翻译教程》（张培基等）

可见，如果能够根据具体情况，选用合适的写作手法，就可为文章增添无穷的魅力。

除了上述提到的6种展开英语说明文主题的写作方法之外，还有因果法、归纳法等其他方法。但相比之下，对于中学生来说，上述6种方法是首先值得掌握的。另外必须指出的是：在一篇文章中往往是以一种写作手法为主，同时辅以其他写作手法。有时，甚至会几种写作手法混用而不分主次。因此，必须根据具体情况，选用合适的展开主题的写作手法，才能写出优秀的英语说明文。

In modern society, most people are under the higher pressure than ever

before and some people cannot handle the stress well and choose some extreme

ways to avoid or settle their stress.However, is stress a bad thing? As far as I

am concerned, everything has two coins, and we also need to realize it from two

aspects.

For one thing, stress is a kind of mental burden caused by nervousness or

anxiety. In modern society, stress is mostly caused by the high requirements or

heavy burden from surroundings or us, such as stress from peers or stress in

economy. If we cannot handle the stress well, we would be easy to be in a

negative mood and lost our motivation and courage to keep going or struggle with

difficulties. In this aspect, stress is a threat for our body and mental.

However, for another, stress can also be changed into a kind of motivation

if we handle it well. For example, when you find that you are surpassed by your

classmates in an examination, you feel stressful but at the same time, you also

tell yourself that you need to work harder to surpass him next time. Under this

stress, you will find yourself have more motivation and energy to study. In this

point, stress is a propeller for us to get more improvements.

Thus, we need to use a dialectical method to treat stress and handle it

properly。

小学生作文写作技巧——写人的作文怎么写

来源：太原奥数网整理 2011-10-20 10:15:39

[标签：小学生 作文 写作技巧] [当前16019家长在线讨论]

怎样写好写人作文

以写人为主的记叙文主要是通过对人物外貌、语言、动作、心理活动的描写和典型事例的叙述来反映人物的思想、性格、品质、作风等特点。

要写好写人为主的记叙文，应当从以下几方面入手：

1、写好人物的形象。人物的形象，一般指人物的外貌、语言、动作、心理活动等。人物的外貌，就是人物的外形特征，包括容貌、衣着、姿态、神情等等。外貌描写首先必须从文章中心思想的需要出发，要求抓住人物的本质特征，有选择、有重点地描写。人物的语言包括人物的独白，对话，交谈以及语气。“言为心声”。人物的语言是人物内心世界的直接表现。因此成功的语言描写能恰当地表现人物的身份、年龄、思想、品质、作风和个性特点。描写人物语言时，要注意符合人物的身份，表现人物的思想感情，反映人物相互间的关系。描写人物的动作时，不仅要写出人物“做什么”，还要写出“怎么做”。心理活动是无声的语言，是直接表现人物精神面貌，思想活动的手段。描写人物的心理活动时，要注意把心理活动产生的原因叙述清楚，还要注意与外貌、动作、语言描写结合起来。外貌、语言、动作、心理活动写好了，人物的形象就突出、鲜明了。

2、抓住人物的特点。每个人都有自己的特点，这个特点可以从人物的年龄、外貌、语言、动作、兴趣、个性、生活习惯等诸方面去考虑。一个人的特点是多方面的，作文时，我们应根据中心思想有所选择地写。

3、选用典型事例。人与事是分不开的。一个人做的事很多，在作文时我们应选择那些最能表现人物思想、性格和文章中心思想的典型事件。

4、运用细节描写。细节描写就是对能充分表现文章中心思想的人物外貌，语言、动作、表情等细小环节作具体、细致的描写。

小学阶段以写人为主的记叙文，一般分为三种类型；写一个人、写两个人、写几个人。其中应以写一个人为主。

一、写一个人。

记一个人的写人记叙文，大致有以下三种情况：

（一）通过写一件事写一个人。有的文章写人只写了一件事，写这一类的作文要注意以下几点：

1、要选择有代表性的生动事例画写。反映一个人的精神面貌的事例是很多的，通过一件事写人就要选取最有代表性的生动事例来写。

2、要写出事情的发展过程，使人物的形象逐步完整。

3、要把事情写具体。用一个典型事例记叙一个人，应该把这一事例写具体，这样人物形象才能丰满。

4、为了使读者对人物了解得更全面，使重点记叙的这件事有充分的依据和坚实的思想基础，使人物的形象更加丰富，文章的开头可以对人物作简要的介绍。

（二）通过几件事写一个人。

我们在生活中会接触到各种各样的人，有时使用一件事来反映一个人就显得比较单簿，不足以充分反映人物的特点及其品质，因此，必须用两三件事才可能说的明白，再现得充分。

通过几件事写一个人，要注意以下几点：

1、几件事不能相互矛盾，，人物的性格在几件事中要和谐、统一。

2、概括交代和具体描写相结合。在一篇简短的作文中要用几件事写一个人，不可能将每一件事详细叙述，因此一般可以彩杨交代和具体描写相结合的方法。即先概括交代一些事例，再具体记叙一两件事。

3、通过对比的方法写一个人。

通过对比方法写一个人，一般有三种：第一种是同一个人前后相比，说明这个人变化；第二种是对一个人的认识前后相比，说明这个人的品质；第三种是一个人同另一个人比，突出歌颂其中一个人。

通过对比的方法写一个人要注意：

（1）要突出主要人物及其主要特点。

（2）要写出人物的真实表现，不要捏造事实，采用拔高或贬低的方法。

二、写两个人

写两个人，一般是写《我和**》，**应包括亲人、同学、朋友、老师等熟悉的人，要写好这一类型的作文必须注意：

（一）要写好人物之间的联系。《我和**》，题目中突出了一个“和”字，这就要求从双方写起，通过具体的事例，写出“我”和**之间的联系。在叙事过程中，要写出彼此之间都想了些什么，说了些什么，做了些什么。只有从双方落笔，才能把握住题目要求写的重点。

（二）用对话展开情节。写《我和**》作文时，由于要写出两个人之间的关系，所以一定要写好两个人之间的对话。要用对话展开情节，用对话表现文章的中心。

三、写几个人。

写几个人是比较复杂的以写人为主的记叙文，可以写“一家子”、“这一班”，也可以写“几个小伙伴”。总之，不论是家庭的，学校的、社会的，只要是自己熟悉的几人都行。

这类作文有以下几种写法。

（一）列人物表似的介绍。

（二）有代表性的介绍。

（三）以一件事为线索写几个人。

（四）通过几件事写几个人。

小学生作文写作技巧——写人的作文怎么写(2)

来源：太原奥数网整理 2011-10-20 10:15:39

[标签：小学生 作文 写作技巧] [当前16047家长在线讨论]

怎样写好写人作文2

写人的作文，就是通过记叙人物的具体活动，来表现人物特点、性格、道德品质、精

神风貌及思想感情。要想写好写人的作文,必须学会以下几个方面的技巧、方法。

一、抓住特点。

有的同学爱学习、有的同学爱帮助别人，有的同学爱做小手工，有的同学爱吃零食，等等。这“爱学习”“爱帮助别人”“爱做小手工”“爱吃零食”就是这些人的主要特点。写人的作文就是要抓住这些特点，通过特点反映出这个人是什么样的人，有什么样的思想品质，等等。这些特点抓得越准确，事例写得越具体，给读者留下的印象就越深刻。如《胆小的我》，就是抓住了“我”胆小的事，写出了“我”胆小的性格特点。

二、选好事例。

写人的文章，也要写事例，通过一个或几个事例来表现出这个人的特点（最好用两、三件事来写一个人）。选择事例时，要选那些能打动人、影响人、感染人，给人印象深刻的事例，也就是要选择典型、新颖的事例。作文时，你第一个想到的事例不要用，第二个想到的事例也不要用，第三个甚至是第四、第五个想到的事例，你用在作文中一般容易吸引人、给人留下深刻的印象。这是因为你容易想到，别人也容易想到，大家都把这样的事写在作文中，作文就成了人云亦云的“大路货”，得不到高分或老师的好评。所选的事例要能充分表现人物的性格和品质。当你读完《胆小的我》后，你对“我”就有了深刻的印象了，作文就成功了。

三、运用描写。

要想把人物写得栩栩如生、活灵活现，就要运用动作、语言、心理、神态、肖像等多种描写方法。如《胆小的我》中“吓得我大叫一声，赶忙把眼睛蒙住，心‘怦怦’地跳个不停。”这句动作描写，把“我”胆小的性格写得惟妙惟肖。描写要符合人物的年龄、身份和职业。对同一个事物，一个小学生说的话肯定同大学教授说的话不一样。

四、写出细节。

要把人物细微的动作及其变化，写具体，写生动。如《胆小的我》中“把礼物放在了一个明显的地方”，第二天“故意给‘忘了’”。一“放”一“忘”，把“我”胆小的性格特征，给写活了。

五、善用对比。

对比是写人作文经常用到的写作方法。可以拿自己的某一方面特点、爱好、特长和他人的对比，即横向对比；也可以写自己现在在某一方面怎么样和过去自己在某一方面如何进

行对比，即纵向对比。通过横、纵对比，能把一个人的思想品质、精神风貌、主要特点给突出形象地表现出来。运用对比描写，不应该勉强凑合，适合采用对比写法就用，不适合采用对比写法的就不要用。

上一页

下一页

good! i jiaoli its far this year, 12-year-old, changsha city in the rice fields junior secondary school reading. i am good at playing table tennis, china is the second in the team; i like playing the piano, for two years has been a five-level 5. i like to eat kfc, so why fat. this is the first time participate in the english game, or lack of experience, but i hope i can play great! next, i bring you a song - edelweiss

Everyone always has a good Sunday. On Sundays, everybody does some things what he like.

Last Sunday, Jack had a relaxing Sunday. He got up 6 o’clock. After breakfast, Jack played basketball with his friends. They were very happy. Then he played the guitar in the room. And he sang songs very loudly. Though it’s very relaxing for him, it also make very noisy for neighbors. Maybe he should turn down the music. At noon, jack fed his pet cat henry. He is Jack’s favorite. Jack always play with him on the weekends. At night, he watched TV on the sofa. At the some time, he ate many delicious snacks. So he really had a great time.

At the of day, jack thought if I always have a relaxing Sunday like today. I will become the happiest boy all over the world.

Everybody knows that our life is very short, so the great educators always

advocate us to do what we like and pursue for our goals bravely. Most people

have many ideas in their minds and they dare not to take action, because

thinking of the effort they make but what if they accomplish nothing, so they

decide to give up and just live the boring life. It reminds me of the famous

words, some people just die at age of 20 but only to be buried at the age of 70.

As we are young and full of energy, it is a good time for us to fight for our

future, never be afraid of failure, because it is the mother of success. We can

achieve our goals if we have patience, just to cherish time and keep

fighting.

小学二年级英语作文：Last Weekend

I had a happy weekend last week.

On Saturday morning, I watched TV and helped my mother wash clothes. In the afternoon, I cleaned three bedrooms in my house-- mine, my parents’ and my brother’s.

On Sunday, I played football in the park. Then I went to my grandparents’ house. Grandpa played the piano! The whole family was so happy. Later, we wanted to swim. But it was too cold.

This was last weekend.

小学二年级英语作文：My New Teacher

My new teacher is science teacher. He’s very strong. He has a big mouth, two big ears, two big eyes and a not too big and not too small nose. He often wears a black new shirt and brown pants, with two big shoes.

My science teacher is very kind. And he is very smart, isn’t he? Today, we have science class. We are very happy. Because he is so funny. Who is he? He’s a Mr. Zhou .

小学二年级英语作文：My English Teacher

In my life, Ms. Wang is the most important person to me. Her teaching skills are diverse. In class, she usually uses games and posters. She works hard for us. When other teachers rest, she still keeps working and working. When we are mischievous, she is good at giving systematic guidance.

We are really grateful for what she has done for us. We want to say ”thank you” to her.

小学二年级英语作文：我喜欢哈尔滨

There is snow and ice everywhere and you are always in a white world. You must wear warm clothes.

The most exciting thing is playing with snow. Skating is also very interesting there.

I will always remember Harbin, for the snow, the ice and all the beautiful things. I love Harbin.

小学二年级英语作文：My Teacher

I have a new teacher.She is an English teacher,her name is Miss He.She is young and beautiful.She is strict but kind.She often goes to work by motor bike.But sometimes she likes piaying sports.Usualli she likes reading book.I like my English teacher very much.What about you?

小学二年级英语作文：My Backpack

I have a backpack. It is large and it is blue. It is a birthday gift from my parents. I love it very much. It is very hard-working, because I keep all my school things in it. It is very heavy. It is with all the time during school days. It is a good friend of mine.

In the past, people tend to keep on the rail. No matter who doesn’t follow

the rules, he would be criticized by the public opinion. Nowadays, with the

rapid development of our society, more and more people recognize the importance

of creation. The development of our country, our society even ourselves need

creation.

First of all, creation is the most important factor to improve the ability

of our country. Some people think that the essence of the human civilization is

the result of creation. It is certain that in order to stand a good place in the

international circle, our country has to train the creative people, so that they

can make great breakthrough for our mother. However, if our people lack of

creation, we couldn’t realize our dream to become a great country in the world.

In addition, if people in the society are of innovation, it is easy to deliver

the talents to our country to win a better future. And with creative people, the

society can get a lot of benefit. For ourselves, creation also very important.

The obvious point is to improve people’s confidence. When people make some small

breaktrough, the y will get praise from others, which will make them feel

themseves smart and then become confidence.

All in all, as all of us know that how much importance creation for us. We

have to learn as much as possible knowledge to prepare ourselves to be creative

people. In other words, we have to study well to serve our county.

英语字母教学作为英语学习的基础，是小学英语教学中重要一环，这一阶段的教学，教师应给予足够的重视，通过各种教学组织形式使这一阶段的学习得以很好的落实。学好26个字母对以后单词的学习起着至关重要的作用。因此，在学习字母阶段，我们要利用一切可利用的资源，创设情境，让学生和字母交朋友、做游戏。

一、字母读音教学

1. 注重示范发音的正确性

字母发音直接影响着学生单词的发音，而且学生错误的发音一旦形成就很难再纠正。因此教师在教学字母之前一定要多听录音，纠正好自己的发音。在课堂教学中教师要让学生听磁带跟读，观察他们的口形，并鼓励模仿得好的学生示范领读，帮助其他同学纠正发音。

2. 把握学生的发音难点

受各地方方言的影响，学生对字母的发音往往会出错。比如：南方人容易把A读成/e/。因此，教师要把握好学生方言发音难点，预先采取各种教学方法防止错误发音的出现。

3. 强化个别字母教学

尽管许多学生对字母有了一定程度的掌握，但大多数学生都没有进行过系统的字母学习，中间难免存在着许多似是而非的现象。例如学生对GgJj两个字母的读音容易混淆，对Uu和Ii这两个字母的发音不到位。教师在教学中应针对这种情况加强这几个字母的训练。

4. 注重读音归类教学

把字母按读音进行分类是字母读音教学的一个重要任务，也是学生觉得有一定难度的一项内容。为了使学生能更好得掌握，教师可采用分家游戏的方法，按家族将26个字母进行分类记忆。首先将字母划分为七个家族，再对号入座，最终编成一首音素家族chant 帮助学生记忆：

A、H、J、K 是A 家族，A，A是族长。

E的家族有八位，BCDE，GPTV，E，E是族长。

/e/ 的家族没有族长，它的成员有七位，FLMN，SX 和Z。

U 的家族有三位，UQW，U，U是族长。

I 的家族有两位，IY，I，I是族长。(手势指着自己)

R 和O单独住，它们自己是族长。

5. 注重语音暗线的铺垫

在三年级下册学生用书中，字母读音和字母例词的安排是一条语音暗线，教师教学时要努力让学生掌握字母的正确读音，并初步感知字母在例词中的读音，为以后学习语音奠定基础。比如讲到字母Ee时，例词是egg，elepghant，教师可突出字母E的发音。英语有48个国际音标，如果学生能在学习 26个字母的同时掌握与此相关的26个音素，将会为以后的语音学习打好基础。

二、字母书写教学

字母的书写过程要一步步进行：先观察性状，再观察笔顺、占格情况，然后书空，使用活动手册进行描红，最后达到仿写。

1. 字母认读的教学

字母的书写首先要求学生能正确区分一些形近的字母。有些字母可以通过猜谜的方法让学生记住它们的形状特点。例如：弯弯的月牙(C)、一条小蛇 (S)、三叉路口(T)、1加3(B)、一座宝塔(A)、胜利的象征(V)、大号鱼钩(J)、一张弓(D)、一扇小门(n)、一棵小苗(r)、一把椅子 (h)。这些谜语既能让学生记住字母的形，又能激发学生的学习兴趣。同时，还可以让学生自编谜语学习字母，充分发挥学生的想象能力。另外，还可以将字母的一部份遮住，让学生根据漏出来部分来猜字母。

2. 字母书写的教学

字母的书写是小学生的一个薄弱环节。小学的英语书写一定要求学生做到严格遵照书写规范，教师绝对不能马虎。因为英语字母有印刷体和书写体之分，所以容易使学生在书写时发生混淆，教师在教学时应多在这方面进行强调。

(1)笔顺教学

教师要充分利用多媒体设施让学生仔细观察字母的笔画和笔顺。正确的笔顺在活动手册的描红练习中有正确的示范。但有时学生会受到汉语拼音笔顺的影响，错误书写字母，因此教师要对容易出错的笔顺进行比较细致的指导。如i和j都是后加点，t先写钩，H先两竖等。建议教师不妨采用汉语拼音的教法，使用一些形象的比喻，帮助学生理解记忆书写规则，防止笔画出错。比如：H是一双筷子拴根线，j是海豹顶皮球，i是小海狮头上顶个球，t是伞把带开关等。

(2)格式教学

字母的占格同样是字母书写教学中的一个教学难点，尤其是当字母的大小写混在一起的时候，学生很容易混淆。这样，教师要先清楚示范，提醒学生注意并总结字母占格的规律。同时，教师还可以借助儿歌帮助学生掌握字母的占格规律。如：英语书写，四线三格，大写字母一二格，上不顶线是原则;小写字母认准格，上面有 ‘辫’一二格，下面有‘尾’二三格，无‘辫’无‘尾’中间格;i，t中上一格半。在学生掌握了字母的占格规律后，还要通过活动手册上的描红来加强练习。这里要注意的是，到一定阶段的时候，教师要让学生能在没有四线格的一条线上，甚至是没有任何线的白纸上也能正确地表示出字母的书写格式。

三、操练

字母操练我们还可以采用游戏的形式。

1. What’s missing?游戏

学了几个字母以后，把字母卡片放在一起让学生认读，然后抽去其中的一张，让学生寻找：What’s missing?此时，学生注意力高度集中，急于表现自己，识记的效果就会很好。

2. 左邻右舍游戏

学生准备好已经学过的字母卡片，教师出示一个字母，让学生找出它的左邻右舍，请找到的几个学生快速把字母拿到讲台上站在相应的位置上，其余的学生一起认读这几个字母。

3. Make letters游戏

让学生用肢体动作表示不同的字母，或让学生用火柴棒拼出不同字母的形状。

I had a lovely little white rabbit, it was long with a pair of long ears, red eyes like two rubies, a pink little nose, smooth very, under the nose there is a three mouth, mouth In the long two white teeth, the body of the hair like a large cashmere, his front legs are relatively short retreat relatively long. There is a short tail behind the ass, very beautiful!

Every morning, I am prepared to ask the mysterious guests breakfast, who do you guess I told you that is the lovely little rabbit, I took out his favorite carrots and leaves, it went to her door to the leaves Put it in the bowl, and said loudly: "Come on, come out to eat." Soon it will come out, I want to give it a joke, I picked up the leaves, it desperately pull, who knows me Let go, just hear "when" it fell a four feet overturned, funny I laughed, it relish to eat up.

I like this cute little white rabbit.

一、充分准备，打好基础。

为了提高初一英语作文写作水平，平时应加强阅读，多背诵一些句形、段落甚至短文。俗话说：“读书破万卷，下笔如有神”，只有多读，多记，多背诵，才能出口成章，下笔成文。此外，写好初一英语作文还要掌握一些应用文体的写作方法，如书信、日记、通知等，它们大多有固定的格式。

二、认真审题，明确要求

在写初一英语作文的时候仔细看清写作要求和提示，分清材料的主次，接着确定体裁、格式和人物、地点等要素;最后确定时态，同时考虑相关的语态搭配用法。

三、遣词造句、表达规范

初一英语作文用词要恰当，不可逐句把提示翻译成英语。写作时，应尽量选用你最熟悉、最有把握的词和句型来表达思想。如果有些单词不会些，有些句型不会表达，可以设法绕开，用熟悉的同义词、同义短语或同义句来代替。要学会善于运用适当的关联词，如and, or, but, so，because, since等，以使初一英语作文行文逻辑紧密，自然流畅。

四、认真撰写，卷面整洁

初一英语考试中也会有初一英语作文题，如果时间允许，书面表达一定要先写草稿。在抄写入答题卷前，要先进行检查修改。首先检查所写内容是否切题;之后检查主题是否明确，表达方式是否恰当;最后检查所用时态、语态、人称是否符合要求，前后是否一致。

中考复习研讨会指导课件，极具价值。

关联词

1.表示并列或递进: and, as well as, both…and,

not only…but also, neither…nor;

2.表示选择: or, either…or;

3.表示转折: but, however, although, though, after all,

4.表示因果: because, so, therefore

5.表示条件: if , unless

6.表示对比: instead, not…but,

on the one hand…on the other hand;

7.表示解释: for example, for instance, such as,

that is to say, in other words;

8.表示顺序: to begin with, firstly, first (of all), second(ly), next,

later, since then, from then on, finally, in the end;

9.表示强调: also, besides, what’s more, actually,

in fact,

10.表示结论: all in all, altogether, in a word,generally speaking。

一、积累固定搭配，避免中式英文

在高考中，很多考生写作文时都是要先想好中文内容再来翻译成英文。这看起来并没有什么不对的地方，因为一般考生的水平都达不到直接用英文来思考的程度。但差别在于英文很好的人在整体构思自己的作文时可能会用汉语，但是写作时完全的英语写作并不会存在什么障碍;只有英语水平一般的人才会将每句的意思大致用汉语想好，但写作时还是要用英文的习惯句型和固定搭配来表达，有时甚至没办法流畅的翻译出自己想的内容，再者也存在一个单词一个单词累积拼凑句子的情况 ，这就是我们常说的中式英语;之所以会这样，主要原因还是在于考生自身积累的英语习惯句型和固定搭配太少了，所以考生平时要注意积累考试常用的句型和语法基础知识，这些内容并不是太多，只要用心总结，需要很少一部分时间就能掌握的很好。

二、模糊叙述，避免不确定词汇

英语考试写作中经常遇到的一个问题就是不确定的词汇，想要描述一个事物，但是那个单词始终想不起来，这是每个考生都会遇到的问题，不论你的词汇量有多丰富，总会有你不认识的词汇出现。那么这时在考场上，我们该如何应对呢?首先我们应该想到的是找一个类似的词来代替它，也就是模糊化即用同义词表达。其次，我们可以用一句完整的话来描述出来它，对其加以解释说明。再次，如果我们实在描述不了也替代不了，那么我们还可以把一些解释不清的东西略去不写。只写那些自己会写的，避开那些自己不会写的。扬长避短，在写作中才能避开容易犯的错误而得到高分。

三、基础不过硬，少用复杂句

不少考生在考试中喜欢用很长很复杂的句式来填充自己的作文，对于英语语法熟练的考生来说这很随意，但是英语水平不过硬的考生最好不要过多地运用复杂句、长难句，因为考试作文是检验一个考生写作水平的工具，命题人虽然会以复杂句来判断考生的英语水平，但是复杂句也表示它容易出错的几率要高很多。因此，在考试中虽然我们要写复杂句但是注意不能写太多这样的句子，考试作文的句子要长短结合。基础不好的考生避免运用长难句，这样自己出错扣分的概率也小很多。

四、认真审题，思考作文分支观点

很多考生在拿到考试作文题时第一感觉是这个作文自己有话说，并且知道应该说什么，但是认真开始提笔时却往往不知道从何写起，之所以会这样是因为考生对作文的审题和观点把握并不清晰，此时考生应该先审题;其次思考简单的分支观点并且考虑可以采用的哪些简单而又成熟的句型。近几年的四级或六级题目大多都会给出提纲，一般提纲中都会包含考生需要的中心句，围绕这个中心句，考生可以考虑自己的文章结构。对于分支观点这方面，考生要尽量量力而行，不要思考太深的观点，要结合自己语言表达的能力而定。

五、重点研究近几年真题作文，掌握固定结构

准备作文的时候背诵真题作文是不可避免的，但是四六级作文真题范文数量太多，有些历时已经有些久远，参考的价值并不是很大，而要把这些都背下来似乎也不太可能，所以考生要把注意力放在近几年的作文范文上，在复习时间不太充裕的时候，并不需要整篇全部背诵，主要是学习范文的行文结构，熟悉适合自己的固定句型，这样大家背诵范文的目的就已经达到了。

考研英语写作：应用文写作之感谢信

大纲对应用文写作的评价目标是：考生应能根据所设情景，写出不同类型的应用文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等。写作时。考生应能：

1） 做到语法、拼写、标点正确、用词恰当；

2）遵循文章的特定问题格式；

3）合理组织文章结构，使其内容统一、连贯；

4）根据写作目的和特定读者，选用恰当语域。

应用文写作不需要华丽的辞藻和多变的句式，只需要能够用简洁概括的语言将事情叙述清楚就能够取得不错的成绩。应用文写作作为考研英语中性价比比较高的题目，考生必须重视对其复习。应用文写作可以充分借鉴模板，以达到更好的复习效果。下面，就为考生介绍一下感谢信的基本写作方法。

感谢信的目的是感激对方为自己的付出，感激之情要传达得真挚自然，不要刻意夸大。感谢信所涉及的内容多种多样，比如可以感谢对方替自己做了一件事情，在自己痛苦时安慰了自己，出席了自己的宴会等等。其内容包括：1)表达感激之情2)回顾事情的经过 3)肯定对方帮助的价值以及对自己的影响，表达自己回报的愿望。

常用套语有：

1表达感激之情：

Thanks so much for…;Abundant thanks to … for…

Im writing to express my heartfelt thanks for …

On behalf of my whole family, I wish to extend our heartfelt thanks for all the trouble you had taken in …I must write to thank you for inviting me to…

2肯定对方帮助的价值及影响：

You will never know how much we appreciated your kind and practical help. Your …meant more than I can express in words. Nothing can be more precious for me than your…

3表达回报的愿望：

I hope I can return the favor someday … Do call on me if I can ever return the favor. 感谢信中比较特殊是求职者面试后给面试官写的信。

此类感谢信的内容不只是感谢，而是一般感谢信和求职信的结合。其主要内容包括：(1)感谢对方给你面谈的机会，并注明你面试的时间和所求的职位;(2) 说明你对该公司、该职位的兴趣，强调你的知识与技能符合公司的需要，表示自己能为公司的发展做出贡献。也可以补充说明或澄清在面谈中忽略或没有讲明的问题 (3)重申你对该职位的兴趣，主动提供更多的材料，表示期待他们的消息。

Directions: You have just attended an interview in Apfel Incorporated for the position of marketing analyst. Write a letter of appreciation to the interviewer Mr. David Wayne. Your letter should include the following points:

1) express your appreciation for the interview

2) tell about your job-related skills and experience

实例：

Dear Mr. Wayne，

Thank you very much for taking the time from your busy schedule last Friday to interview me for the marketing analyst position at Apfel Incorporated. After our meeting, I am convinced that your company is an excellent place for my career.

I am extremely excited about the position and believe that my skills are a good match for the company. As you may remember, I completed a project that is similar in nature to the work I

would be doing at your company. I believe that I could make an immediate contribution to Apfel Incorporated.

Please let me know if I can provide you with any additional information about my background or goals. My email address is LiMing@yahoo.com, and my phone number is 12345678. I look forward to hearing from you soon.

Sincerely,

Li Ming

①in+月、年 the morning/afternoon/evening/a week 表示时间

②on+具体某一天(几月几日)/某个假期(…Day)

③at+具体某点时间、某个假期(…Festival)/the weekend

①in…street 表示方位

②on…road/left/right

③at the…crossing/stop/某个具体的地点

①in the tree(不是树上长出来的)

②on the tree(树上原来自己长出来的)

表示时间：

① ago(……以前) later(……以后)

② before (在……以前) after(在 ……以后)

be 动词和助动词

1. be 动词(am/is/are)

主语 be 动词(原形) be 动词(过去式)

I am was He/she/it is was

We/you/they are were

2.助动词(do/does/did)

Do+非第三人称单数 +动词原形…?

…do/dont

Does+第三人称单数

…does/doesnt

Did+所有主格

…did/didnt

What do you/they/we…

+动词原形?

I/They/We+动词原形…。

What does he/she/it…

He/She/It +(动词+S)….

What did you/they/we/ he/she/it…

I/They/We/ He/She/It +动词过去式。

The time of middle school is short and precious, but for some students,

they sit in the class and dont show any passion to learn knowledge. They like

to do something that is against what teachers tell them to do. Such as when the

teacher is presenting knowledge, they choose to read novel, or when it is the

time for them to do some exercise, they sleep. They dont care about study. It

is so negative for them to treat study. We are young and should be full of

energy. It is the best time for us to gain knowledge. What we learn today will

help us to realize our dreams, so lets fight for our goals.

今天是一年一度的国庆节，是我们伟大的祖国母亲的生日，这一天里，举国上下都在欢庆这个节日。不管是谁，在这一天里都应放了假，而在这一天里又应怎加了一些见识吧！在放假的这一天里我和爸爸妈妈去了丰都鬼城。

丰都鬼城是一座靠山面水的古城，春秋时节称“巴子别都”。传说这里是人死以后归属的地方。这里古木参天，寺庙矗立，在庞大的阴曹地府里有仙道，释，儒，诸神众鬼盘踞各庙，各司其职从苛刑严法统治的幽灵世界。分别为阎王殿，鬼门关，阴阳界，十八层地狱，奈何桥，黄泉路，望乡台等。奈何桥边有一个简介说奈何桥有名试金桥，右边为健康桥，左边为财富桥，意思就是健健康康，升官发财。传说走过去的人就能健康平安和升官发财。传说进了门有过三关才能证明自己是一个善良的人，否则就会被恶鬼撩神缠身。还有生前是一个善良的人的话就可以平安的从桥上走过，如果生前做过许多坏事就会被污浊的波涛中的铜蛇铁狗狂咬。

鬼门关是进入鬼国后的必经之路，这是人死后进入这里的第二个关卡，两旁有十八个鬼王和门小鬼把守。森严壁垒，像铜铁一般不可破。无论那个亡魂来到这里都要接受检查，看是否有这个通行证，这个通行证就是路引。它是人死后来到阴曹地府的凭证。在这张长三次，宽二次的黄纸上印有”为丰都天子阎罗大帝发给路引和天下人，必备此引，方能到丰都地府转世上天，上面还盖有“阎王爷城隍爷丰都县太爷”三枚印章。凡是人死之后，即烧掉它，亡魂就拿着它到鬼门关，经查验无讹后，方能入关。

鬼城丰都以悠久的历史，独特的文化类函，神奇的传说，秀美的风光展现了它的独特价值和魅力。

New Year is the biggest festival for Chinese people. After about half a

month, there is a traditional festival, it is the Lantern Festival, which is

also important. The first round moon day in the New Year is special. People

continue to celebrate the New Year and enjoy the time with their families.

The coming of Lantern Festival is various. Some people said that it is

related with Buddha. When the Buddhas meditated, they need light in front of

them, so the light can drive away monster for people. Today, in some areas,

people light up lanterns to beg for a son from god. No matter what the story is,

the traditional festival is favored by people and the government pays special

attention to remind this tradition.

There are many activities on Lantern Festival, and the most traditional

game is the riddle. People can read some riddles that are written in the

lanterns. They can get prizes if they know the answers. I love riddle so much,

because when I figure out the answers, I will be very proud of myself, at the

same time, I can learn some funny knowledge.

1、拟人法

【特点】

把动物比拟成人要注意找出动物的特征与人相似之处，并进行细致的描绘。把动物比拟成人，首先要从整体上把它比拟成人，然后找出局部相似之处。这样，我们读了以后才能有整体感。如果只抓住局部进行比拟，容易显得不伦不类，不易读者想象。把动物比拟成人，也用于动物动作的描写。这主要是按照人物的心理活动想象动物动作的目的。

2、动物自述法

【特点】

动物自述法是采用第一人称来描写动物，因此文章中要把“我”当作动物来写。这里要注意在写作时把“我”和动物融为一体，不能露出痕迹用拟人的方法来描写动物，因此在描写时，既要反映动物外形、动作、习性的特点，又要体现人的一些特点。这样才能使文章既具有科学性，又显得生动活泼。

3、议论抒情法

【特点】

采用议论抒情法记叙动物，要对能给予启示的动物特点进行仔细观察，然后进行详细的描述，这样议论或抒情时就会更具说服力和感染力。议论抒情法要把动物的某些特点与人们在日常生活、工作中所要具有的精神、品质、思想紧密地联系起来。描写动物特点时，要为议论抒情作好准备；议论、抒情时，要围绕所描写的特点进行。采用议论抒情法描写动物，要注意围绕一个中心进行描写、抒情、议论。

4、景物衬托法

【特点】

景物衬托法就是描写动物，首先要集中笔墨描写好动物，写出动物的特点。动物的描写要成为文章的中心。其次描写动物周围的景物时，要为描写动物服务。景物的描写在全文中只是起衬托的作用，不能喧宾夺主。

5、季节特征法

【特点】

采用季节特征法描写自然景物，一定要对景物四季不同的特征进行仔细观察。描写时，既要逼真地再现具体的时令特征，又要表现景物本身的特征，使时令特征和景物特征融为一体。在描写景物的四季特征时，不能面面俱到，要做到各有侧重。此外，运用季节特征法描写景物时，不能变换景物的地点，要对同一地点的不同季节景色描写。

As is known to us all, the most precious thing in the world is nothing but

“today”. Therefore, it is necessary and significant for us to manage our time

efficiently. There are some suggestions and methods to manage our time.

First, the most important thing is to know and understand how we have spent

and managed our time before. Only in this way can we know in which we have

wasted our time. We can do this by sorting out all things we do every day and

then select the necessary thing and the wasted time.

Second, after the first step, what we should do is choosing the correct

time. As the saying goes, “to choose time is to save time”. For one thing, we

have to know and understand that which period we have more efficiency and have

better quality in work or study so that we know how to make our schedule. For

another, it is better to do the most important and urgent thing first in that we

barely have enough time to finish all task within a day.

Last but not the least, it is valuable to take full advantage of our

leisure time tiny pieces of time. For example, we can do some reading when we

are waiting for a bus, or we can practice our listening on our way to

school.

To sum up, time, like water in sponge, can be squeezed out if we like.

Therefore, take full use of our time in that it is essential to lead a full and

happy life.

星期四，我和同学和我们的班主任方老师，我们的数学老师，给我们上作文课的许老师、副校长江老师、校长和摄影师。

老师们带着我们去坐公交车，我们纷纷走出教室，在操场上排着整齐的队伍，走到了路边，我们和老师停了下来，看见路边立着一个牌，老师跟我们说：“这是演武亭站，还说，这公交车有2路，这2路是循环路线，就是从将军山出发，然后回到将军山。”上面还写着自动投硬币，“你们一定要把牌上写的很快速度记下来。”许老师说。

过了一会儿，我们又继续往前走，我们走到将军山，我们和老师拍了一张合影。

我们的数学老师和许老师还和校长去跟开车的司机说，司机说：“你们共有几人，”老师说：“学生31人和5名老师。”司机说：“你们共出25元就可以了，其他不用出钱了。”许老师说：“我们每个学生都带着一元钱，36元你们就收下吧。”

当老师们走过来叫我们走过去的时候，我们看见那位司机是女司机，我们的许老师问了，你是哪里人，她说：“我是重庆市人，从重庆市来的。”许老师又问：

“你姓什么?”她说：“我姓文。”

我走过去要上车时，我们两组上错车了，坐位被一二组的同学坐了，老师看我们去坐别辆车，老师连忙说：“回来，要坐这辆车，老师让我们坐在车上的同学下来，刚叫下来，同学们你挤我争，谁也不让谁。

车开动了，我们经过演武亭站、宝城站、欣然超市、百姓超市、体育场、南市场、县医院、一中分校站、元光中学站。在车上我们愉快地唱歌，老师让我当指挥，同学们唱，我们唱了可大声了。外面的行人听了，都回过头来望了一下。我们唱了《让我们荡起双桨》、《少先队队歌》、《我是一个粉刷匠》……

当车子停下来说，我们不知不觉地回到了学校。

这一天，我终于学会了坐公交车。

Today is sunday may 25 20xx.i go to the zoo whit my friends.the weather is sunny and cool!look!the elephants are drinking water.the birds are flying,the tiger is walking with lion.look at the river !

the fish are swimming in the water . the mokeys are swinging .oh no!the weather is terrible.it’s rainy. we are go home watch tv and play the game!i very not happy!