初三英语考试作文大全(汇总20篇)
太多的青春岁月已悄然流逝,这一路,风风雨雨,喜怒哀乐。我也从未遗失美好。我,行走在美好中。下面是小编收集整理的行走在美好中作文600字,欢迎阅读参考!
浏览
2963作文
574初三上学期英语作文
全文共 1812 字
+ 加入清单One day, I told my brother to play, he saw an uncle was holding a large brush, effortless in the pool also wrote a "Please conserve water," five characters, then who will be the tap open to the uncle began to wash the largest pen. Washing with washing with water on the flooded pond, like hair, like flood, to flow in all directions to go, uncle, or turn a blind eye, still go its own way. He splashed the water in order to keep themselves, stay away.
Water in the "brawl" in flowing, as if in sad to say: "Oh, some people really do not know a thing about the village that we do not know how much our contribution, if the plants without water, they will thirst death, to know our country’s fresh water resources become increasingly strained. "Well," I hear a sigh, thinking: his uncle, who wrote a number of characters, "Please save water," but he himself was a waste of water resources, he said and do not at all inconsistent with ah! So I walked over, courtesy of his uncle, said: "Uncle, water is the source of life, you do not save water until the water dried up the day of regret too late, plant will all thirst, humanity would cease to exist, the water is too precious to mankind ah! "
Uncle listened to me, first froze a moment, surprised to see me, and blushed to the ears and roots, said: "Great, you’re my ’teacher’." Then he hastened to shut the tap.
I experienced such a thing, decided to start from their own and cherish water resources:
1, can be washed dishes of water used to water the flowers, pouring dish.
2, and into the shut off is not a good taps.
3, around the house in toilet transfer a small amount of water.
4. Water is fully taken up anyway, but we have a treasure Oh!
If everyone can save a little water, the earth mother would smile more brilliant, everything will be more vibrant.
更多相似作文
篇1:初三期末考试反思300字
全文共 446 字
+ 加入清单这次期末考,我彻底没考好,连我觉得是我强项的英语也没好,数学还没考及格,何况后面的语文还有考过的科目,我没有信心了。我认为我初三彻底没希望了。
虽然我这学期去补课,但我自己觉得我,我实在太不认真。我听到这个令人震惊的消息,我有想过,我是否会退到第四考场,或者更加差。
我知道家长和老师对于我有着很大的期望,可是我还是没有考好。对于这点我感到十分抱歉和自责。但是既然犯了错误就要改正,所以,通过考试我也想了很多以后怎么要学习想法。首先,我要改掉考试不细心读题目的马虎坏习惯。有时候我往往看着题目就把题目理解反了,审题不清爸爸和妈妈总是因为这事情批评我啊!这也许也和答题技巧有关系。总之,通过以后的练习,我一定要在考试的过程之中认真审题,自习读题,把题目看准、看好、理解好。不能允许自己再继续这样下去,所以,我一定要加倍努力,从这次考试之中汲取教训,增加力量,为下一次考试做好准备,打好基础。
我会为初三的成绩努力,虽然我这次考的不那么好,但是我不会气馁,因为我相信这次考不好,是为了初三的成绩会更好。
篇2:初三英语作文及翻译:WaterPollution
全文共 533 字
+ 加入清单Today, as the economy develops fast, people can buy what they need, the producers provide them all the new things, so the factory produce many products, in order to make the biggest profit, they don t deal with the pollution. Water gets polluted, it does harm to people s health, we drink water everyday, the government controls the producers to figure out some ways to deal with the water pollution.
今天,随着经济的快速发展,人们可以买到所需的,生产商提供了各种各样的新产品,所以工厂生产很多产品,为了挣最大的利益,他们不处理污染。水被污染了,对人们的健康有害,我们每天都喝水,政府控制厂商来找到处理谁污染的方法。
篇3:关于初三英语作文的范例:英语书信
全文共 847 字
+ 加入清单这是04年某省的中考题目:根据美国朋友Bob来信的内容写一篇英文回信。
Dear friend,
亲爱的朋友,
Hello, Im your new friend. My name is [ename]Bob[/ename]. Im fifteen. Im American. I live in New York.
你好,我是你的新朋友。我的名字叫鲍勃,我十五岁,是美国人,我住在纽约。
I am a middle school student. Im good at maths. It is very interesting. My favourite sport is basketball. And I am not only a basketball fan but also a good player. I like music. My friend and I often sing pop songs together.
我是一个初中生,我擅长数学,它很有趣。我最喜欢的运动是篮球,我不仅仅是一个篮球迷,也是一个很好的选手。我喜欢音乐,我经常跟我的朋友一起唱流行歌曲。
After school, I am interested in getting on-line. I have known a lot about China from the Internet. Now I am learning Chinese. I hope I will visit your country one day.
放学之后,我喜欢上网,通过网络,我了解了很多关于中国的事情,现在我在学汉语,我希望有一天能去你的国家游览。
Please write to me and tell me something about your life. I am looking forward to hearing from you.
请给我回信说说你的生活吧,我期待着你的来信。
篇4:Shouldthemiddleschoolstudentsdohousework初三优秀英语作
全文共 651 字
+ 加入清单Yesterday, there was a discusion in our class. We talked about whether we should do housework or not. I agreed with with Sharon. She said,“The middle school students should do some housework. Because doing housework can let our parents feel relaxed. At the same time, doing housework can train us to be more useful.” I think we should do some housework. Doing housework can improve ourselves. But I also think students’ major job is studying. Doing too much housework is bad for our study. So, I think doing housework is good, but at the same time we should pay more attenion to our study. Right?
篇5:一场考试过后的英语作文
全文共 1137 字
+ 加入清单After An Examination
After I got the news that I had passed PETS level 3 ,I were really happy at that moment .But when I knew the exact result,I didn’t have any successful or wonderful feelings,instend of that,I think the result was very strange.I couldn’t believe that.although my mark was high,everyone who joined the examination all got very good marks.Most of the students in my class could reach the average of 60.so I can’t be pleased with my reault,and it is not enough for me.Recently,I have mixed feeling.It even drives me crazy.I have though a lot about how to improve my English .I am so eager for improving.When I am in school ,I am just ok.. But when I out of that small world, I am nothing. There are so mang students in front of me.So that’s the exact reason why I am unhappy when my classmates congratulate me upon my”excellent”job.I indeed want further education,I can’t be satisfied with being an ordinary English teacher.There is long way waiting for me to go on,so I can’t stop my feet just for this little success.After I pass these days,I grow up a lot.It is very valuable for me to have such experience.
篇6:植树节初三英语
全文共 999 字
+ 加入清单"Step along the way the spring breeze, and laughing all the way, to push vastness and green spring scenery with our feet..." Speaking of Arbor Day, everyone must be not strange, and in the Arbor Day afforestation is a very meaningful thing.
The annual Arbor Day is coming, early came to the classroom, students lined up we went outside to plant trees.
Students came to the outskirts, dashing, daring: see Sun Hu lun the shovel hard go toward outside digging, he was too tired to full head big sweat, sweat soaked his clothes he didnt care; Liu Xinzheng carried on this side of the water, the water splashed his clothes, he also not care; And students shouted loud song: "sex, sex, come on, come on!" ...... In a short time, under the joint efforts of the students, tree planted soon finished, looked at the line after line of green saplings, we seem to see the individual leafy trees...
Planting trees is a very meaningful thing, please later to plant trees, to take care of the earths a spend a grass!
篇7:初三英语作文:毕业感想
全文共 981 字
+ 加入清单导语:虽然离别的钟声即将敲响,校园的生活不再漫长,但请展开笑容收起悲伤,因为真挚的情谊不会远航,下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理了优秀英语作文,欢迎阅读与借鉴,谢谢!
Learn to give up wisely Never give up has been accepted by many people as a positive life attitude. Admittly persistence often plays an important role in one success. However,in many cases to give up might be wiser than to persist blindly. The following reasons can support this argument. Firstly,sometimes our goal may be unrealistic. If we insist on it blindly, it will finally bring us nothing but failure. At this time,what we should do is give up the orignal goal and reset a more pratical one. Secondly,not all persistence can bring deserving results. For a very simple example if we keep waiting in line for hours, only to have a luncheon restaurant may be it is unwise .
【参考译文】
学会明智地放弃不放弃已经被许多人接受为积极的生活态度。承认坚持经常在一个成功中扮演重要的角色。然而,在许多情况下放弃可能比一味坚持更明智。以下原因可以支持这一论点。首先,有时我们的目标可能是不现实的。如果我们盲目地坚持,它最终会给我们带来失败。此时,我们应该做的是放弃及目标,重新设置一个更实用的目标。第二,不是所有的坚持都能带来值得的结果。对于一个非常简单的例子,如果我们一直排队等几个小时,只有一家午餐餐厅可能是不明智的。
篇8:HowtolearnChinese初三英语作文
全文共 432 字
+ 加入清单Thanks for your letter. I’m very funny to receive your letter.
I started to learn chinese when I was a baby. I think it’s very difficult at that time. But I speak chinese well when I grow up. I will give you some advice. You could study chinese by reading aloud. And you could listen to music to learn chinese. You can watch chinese movies to improve your chinese.
I hope you will improve your chinese soon.
篇9:关于初三英语作文推荐:无巧不成书
全文共 854 字
+ 加入清单Theres No Story without Coincidence
The story happened a year ago. One day, I was walking along the street when an old man walked towards me. He asked me the way in English. No matter how hard I tried I couldnt understand what he said. He repeated again and again. At last I seemed to know what he was saying.
He was a Japanese. He thought I could speak English. So he asked me the way in English. My goodness! His Japanese English confused me a lot. then he spoke English very slowly.He even wrote the English words on a piece of paper. In the end I managed to help him get the right way. I thought maybe it was necessary for me to learn some Japanese.
A few months later, I was enrolled to attend a summer course, learning Japanese. I was surprised to find that old man was there, teaching us Japanese.Theres no story without coincidence!
篇10:网友回忆,2024年12月英语四级考试作文题目为:做一个行动派
全文共 341 字
+ 加入清单In this section, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay commenting on the saying “Never go out there to see what happens, go out there to make things happen.” You can cite examples to ilustrate the importance of being participants rather than mere onlookers in life. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
篇11:TheWaysofLearningEnglish初三优秀英语作文
全文共 1173 字
+ 加入清单We need to improve our English skills in each of four areas.
The first one is listening skills . I think doing lots of listening practice is a great way to improve listening skills. Maybe you could buy some English tapes or borrow your teacher’s tapes to listen .
The second on is speaking skills. How can we practice our spoken English ? I think the first and the most important thing is to believe yourself . Your should often encourage yourself , then you can join an English –language club and make lots of conversations with you partner . I think it can help a lot.
The third one is reading skills. I think we should do more reading in our free time. If you have any problems when you are reading , you’d better ask others tof help.
The last one is wring skills. It’s very important for us to learn English . I think keeping a diary in Engish is the best way to improve your writing skills. You should practice writing notes or letters every day, or you could find a pen pal . I think it sounds like a very interesting way to practice writing. And don’t be afraid of making mistakes.
I hope all these will be helpul to you , good luck !
篇12:英语考试作文600字
全文共 628 字
+ 加入清单今天是一个大热天,也是我英语培训班的最后一天,今天我们要进行一场关于音标的最终考试。
奶奶带着我向学校走去,地上很烫,还冒着热气。可一到教室,一瞬间就凉快了许多。我找了一个坐位坐了下来,整理好东西,上交作业,开始复习。所谓复习其实就是想到啥看啥,只不过是把书摊在桌上,然后翻过来覆过去,如同看杂志一样随意。
马上上课了,也就代表考试开始了。第一题,听写48个国际音标,可以说是最难的一题,不仅要按照顺序来写,还要写正确,而且分类也要正确,更何况好多音标的发音,乍一听就像是一样。不过“好心”的老师,给了我们再听一遍这48个音标的机会,我也总算写出了这些音标。
但好戏还在后头呢,可谓关键“人物”总是最后关头才出场,这可不是关键人物吗?给我们扣分的关键人物啊。第二题是看单词写音标,还是有些难度的,主要还是因为掌握得还不够稳固。
“还有15分钟。”老师说道。大家一听,啥?只剩15分钟啦。我赶忙奋笔疾书,把没做完的题赶紧做完。没多久,老师便说:“考试结束,所有人把卷子交上来。”大家又是开心又是着急,开心是因为考完试老师答应我们看一会儿电视,着急是一些没做完的人估计分数就不怎么好看了。
我们在教室里边看电视边等老师,过了大约半个多小时,老师总算把试卷批好了。她走进教室,将试卷发给我们,许多同学都不敢相信这是自己做出来的试卷,而我也只得了86。5分,可我没有想到的是,我竟然是全班第一。哎!我真想不通这么低的分数,居然能得全班第一。没啥好得意的,还得多花时间学音标。
篇13:关于初三英语作文推荐:Apianoplayer
全文共 741 字
+ 加入清单What do I want to do when Im older? Someone wants to be a doctor. Someone wants to be a basketball player because they are good at sport. Someone wants to be a writer and to make the writing. Someone wants to be a teacher because they like teaching children.
I like playing the piano and I good at it. So I want to become a piano player. Play the piano is very interesting. And you can learn something of music. Piano can make you like music. A lot of musician and singer are love playing piano.
I play the piano when Im ten years old. Now Im in grand five. I hope when Im sixteen years old , I can become grand eight. Ill be harder and harder to practise.
Become a piano play is a hard job. But I believe I can do it.
篇14:大学生英语六级考试写作素材
全文共 3869 字
+ 加入清单一、用于描写图表和数据
1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998.
2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year.
3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995.
4. It would be expected to increase 5 times.
5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year.
6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996.
7. The total number was lowered by 10%.
8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year.
9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent.
10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995.
11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with…
二、用于解释性和阐述性论说文
1. Everybody knows that…
2. It can be easily proved that…
3. It is true that…
4. No one can deny that
5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is…
6. The chief reason is that…
7. We must recognize that…
8. There is on doubt that…
9. I am of the opinion that…
10. This can be expressed as follows;
11. To take …for an example…
12. We have reason to believe that
13. Now that we know that…
14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned…
15. The change in …largely results from the fact that
16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally…
17. A number of factors could account for the development in…
18. Perhaps the primary reason is…
19. It is chiefly responsible of…
20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact…
21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that…
22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that…
23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon…
24. Different people observes it in different ways.
三、用于文章的开头
1. As the proverb says…
2. It goes without saying tan…
3. Generally speaking…
4. It is quite clear than because…
5. It is often said that …
6. Many people often ask such question:“…?”
7. More and more people have come to realize…
8. There is no doubt that…
9. Some people believe that…
10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case?
11. One great man said that…
12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention.
13. In the past several years there has been…
14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether…
15. Currently there is a widespread concern that…
16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that…
17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of …
18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently.
四、用于文章的结尾
1. from this point of view…
2. in a word…
3. in conclusion…
4. on account of this we can find that…
5. the result is dependent on…
6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information:
7. thus, this is the reason why we must…
8. to sum up …
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that…
10. It is obvious that…
11. There is little doubt that…
12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful
13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way.
14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on…
15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that…
五、用于论证和说明
1. As it is described that…
2. It has been illustrated that…
3. It provides a good example of…
4. We may cite another instance of…
5. History man provides us with the examples of…
6. A number of further facts may be added…
7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard.
8. A recent investigation indicate that…
9. According to the statistics provided …
10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted…
11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that…
12. All available evidence points to the fact that…
13. Examples given leads me to conclude that…
14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that…
15. The idea may be proved by facts…
16. All the facts suggest that…
17. No one can deny the fact that…
18. We may face the undeniable fact that…
篇15:初三期末考试反思300字
全文共 595 字
+ 加入清单这次考试之所以没有考好,总结原因如下:
平时没有养成细致认真的习惯,考试的时候答题粗心大意、马马虎虎,导致很多题目会做却被扣分甚至没有做对。
准备不充分。毛主席说,不打无准备之仗。言外之意,无准备之仗很难打赢,我却没有按照这句至理名言行事,导致这次考试吃了亏。
没有解决好兴趣与课程学习的矛盾。自己有很多兴趣,作为一个人,一个完整的人,一个明白的人,当然不应该同机器一样,让自己的兴趣被平白无故抹煞,那样不仅悲惨而且无知,但是,如果因为自己的兴趣严重耽搁了学习就不好了,不仅不好,有时候真的是得不偿失。
失败了怎么办?认真反思是首先的:
第一,这次失败的原因是什么?要认真思考,挖掘根本的原因;
第二,你接下来要干什么?确定自己的目标,不要因为失败不甘心接着走,而是要正确地衡量自己。看看想要什么,自己的优势在什么地方,弱势是什么;
第三,确定目标。明确自己想要的,制定计划,按部就班的走。
失败不可怕,可怕的是一蹶不振以及盲目的追求。
首先,应把主要精力放在基础知识、基本技能、基本方法这三个方面上,因为每次考试占绝大部分的也是基础性的题目,而对于那些难题及综合性较强的题目作为调剂,认真思考,尽量让自己理出头绪,做完题后要总结归纳。调整好自己的心态,使自己在任何时候镇静,思路有条不紊,克服浮躁的情绪。特别是对自己要有信心,永远鼓励自己,除了自己,谁也不能把我打倒,要有自己不垮,谁也不能打垮我的自豪感。
篇16:英语考试作文400字
全文共 387 字
+ 加入清单“铃铃铃”上课铃声响了。英语老师拿着一叠试卷进来了,等英语老师一发下试卷,我就开始看听力题目。不一会儿,英语老师说:“现在,我们开始做听力,请大家准备好,第一题是听录音,选出你所听到的单词或词语。NO.1 name……”英语老师,就这样一题一题的报下去。不一会儿,英语的听力就做好了。接下来是做笔试部分。我一题一题的做下去,似乎都没有什么问题,做得也比较顺利。我想这次考试我应该十拿九稳的拿到满分了吧。可是,到了下午,英语老师拿着试卷进来的时候,我一开始还是满怀期待着,谁知,发到试卷的那一刹那,我惊呆了,我竟然失去了五分,并不是,我想象中的满分。我一看,其实这两题我都不应错的呀!我怎么可能会犯这种错误呢?哎!事已至此,也没有办法了。我只好把它订正好,争取下次考好点。
通过这次考试,我觉得还是要认真吸取教训,一定要认真答题。
篇17:实用的英语考试分析作文
全文共 586 字
+ 加入清单本次月考试卷只有笔试部分共十个题型包括单项选取,补全单词连词成句,阅读理解,口语运用,句型转换,书面表达等。既考查了学生的基础知识和基本技能,又考查了学生的交际运用潜力,但从学生成绩来看并不能到达大部分学生成绩优秀,结合学生的实际状况,反思自我的教学行为,我想就应从以下几个方面努力:
1。针对单选题及句型转换题中出现的错误,我感觉自我对学生的英语基础知识把关不够严。在以后教学中要狠抓基础知识,多提问多听写,充分利用早读让学生在有限的早读时间内掌握所学知识。
2。阅读理解是学生英语综合潜力的一种体现,是学生的弱项。加强英语阅读方法的指导以及阅读训练尤其提倡学生进行课外阅读让英语阅读成为一种习惯对学生的英语阅读潜力的提高将会有很大的帮忙。
3。英语是一门语言,语言是用来交流的工具,因此英语的交际性显得很重要,在以后的教学中能够进行课前五分钟自由对话,在运用任务型教学法,游戏教学法等多带给给学生一些交际英语的机会。
4。这次英语考试成绩基本能够,但有两极分化的趋向,在英语教学中应对全体学生关注每一个学生的成长尤其是后进生是预防两极分化的重要途径,还能够成立“一帮一”小组帮忙后进生在尽可能短的时间内提高英语成绩。
总之,每次考试都是对自我教学工作阶段性的“评价”。要及时透过考试反思自我的教学中存在的问题,在总结与反思中不断进步,不断成长这样才能在三尺讲台上表现的更精彩些!
篇18:初三英语作文:暑假计划
全文共 887 字
+ 加入清单导语:在即将到来的暑假里,你准备做什么呢?下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文,欢迎阅读与借鉴,谢谢!
In the coming summer holiday, I am going to do a lot of interesting things.
First, I will finish my holiday homework. Second, I am going to have a good rest. I am going to play computer games or listen to music when I am free, because I like them very much. But I am not good at them now. Then, I will join a basketball club to play basketball. Even if I was a girl, I like basketball very much. It can not only make me become sunny, cheerful, but also can make me healthy. Finally, I am going to visit some of my friends. We are going to play together. Maybe we will go sightseeing.
I think I will have a great summer holiday.
【参考译文】
在即将到来的暑假,我打算做很多有趣的事情。
首先,我会完成我的暑假作业。第二,我打算好好休息一下。我打算在我有时间的时候玩电脑游戏或者听音乐,因为我很喜欢它们。但是现在我却还不擅长。之后,我会参加篮球俱乐部来打篮球。虽然我是个女孩,但是我却非常喜欢篮球。它不仅可以使我变得阳光,开朗,而且也可以使我健康。最后,我要去拜访一些朋友。我们打算一起去玩。也许我们会去观光。
我觉得我将会有一个很棒的暑假。
篇19:关于考试分析的英语
全文共 655 字
+ 加入清单Resultsis more important now.But it is difficult for many students to study it.Now I make some suggestion,maybe can help you.First,you should take notes and take them here and there.When you’re free,you can take them out and read it.Next,you should read Results loudly.Many students know many grammars,but talking with others is hard.
So reading is very important.It can make progress in your talking and listening,and it can also make you get excited,let you have a nice day.Then,talk with people in it’s interesting and very used.Finally,most importantly,try your best to learn English.No Resultspains,no gains.I hope you can improve your LearnGood luck!
篇20:英语期中考试反思500字
全文共 683 字
+ 加入清单本次英语考试以中考题型命题,加强对基础知识的考查,侧重考查学生综合运用语言的能力。命题材料贴近学生生活,难度适中。其中听力笔录要点和书面表达失分较多。我所教两个班级19班比20班在人平,及格率和优秀率方面稍高。
从本次考试所反映的现状来看,今后的教学中应注意:
1.加强单词听写和课文背诵的落实工作,多关注课文文本知识。
2.狠抓基础知识,加强写作训练。书面表达能客观地反映学生英语基础知识掌握情况,并且一直是学生的薄弱环节。
3.继续注重英语阅读教学。阅读理解在我们的各种测试中所占分值越来越大,而且选材也更趋广泛化。因此课堂教学中要侧重“篇章”,强调“含义”,将语篇教学贯穿于课文教学和阅读理解教学中,利用语篇教学扩大学生词汇量,增强语感,丰富文化知识,提高学生分析问题和解决问题的能力。
4.注重兴趣培养,慎防两极分化。从试卷分析中可以看出,每个学校都不同程度地出现了令人担忧的“两极分化”现象。初学阶段一定要注意激发培养学生的学习兴趣,关注学生的情感,营造宽松,民主、和谐的教学氛围,保护每个学生的自尊心和学习英语的积极性。只有这样,掉队的学生才会减少,也才可能大面积提高人平。
5.注重课堂“时效性 ”,在优化课堂组织教学、合理设计教学活动,加大训练强度和密度的基础上,注重因材施教、分层教学。既要使大多数学生掌握好基础的知识与技能,同时注重知识的扩展和规律性知识的总结与归纳,让好学生也能获得充分的发展。
6.加强听力训练,营造语言环境。课堂上一定要加强对学生的听力训练,坚持用英语组织教学,尽可能利用多种教学资源让学生接触地道的语音、语调,多听英、美人士的录音材料。