高一英语优秀作文大全（实用20篇）

Orginate in America in the Mothers Festival.May 9,1906, American

consumingcity Jia-Wei the mother misfortune of silk dies , her grief

extremely.AvoidJapan in annual mother death anniversary, Miss An Na organizes

catch up thecampaign of Sai mother, encourage other person to also express the

gratitude forown loving mother with similar way.

Hereafter, she convinces people everywhere and establishes the

MothersFestival to the appeal of all sectors of society and call.Her appeal gets

warmresponse.

Through draft resolution, on May 10,1913, American Senate and House

ofRepresentatives signs by president Wilson second that announces and decides

eachyears May for Sunday, is the Mothers Festival.

This measure arouses world countries, is imitated one after another,install

to 1948 Na pass away , 43 countries have established the MothersFestival.

Today, after school, my friends asked me to have dinner with them, I felt so happy and went the restaurant with them. Then I found they wanted to eat buffet, I was so happy, because I always wanted to have buffet, I could eat a lot of food.

As we paid the money more than we usually spent, so all of us wanted to eat as more as possible, even though we were full enough, we still tried to eat. I would go the wash room many times, so that I could continue to eat. I found eating the buffet should be a happy thing for me, but now it seemed to be a kind of torture, I always told myself to eat more than I could bear, my stomach hurt.

The experience to eat buffet lets me realize that I should enjoy the food instead of eat more than I could bear.

我的梦想是出国旅行并且环游世界一周，因为世界是如此的大，充满着许许多多新奇的事物。

My dream is to travel and travel around the world for a week, because the world is so big, full of a lot of new things.

我想出国是因为我想认识更多地方、更多美食以及更多朋友，而且我很想又坐飞机，虽然之前去英语村有模拟搭飞机的程序，但是还是想要那种如同老鹰般翱翔在天空的感受。但是，要出国需要很多的费用， 所以，我现在决定开始不乱花钱了，零用也要存起来，长大以后，我更要努力赚钱，然后带着全家人一起出国。

I want to go abroad because I wanted to know more, more and more Food friend, and I want to fly, although before going to the English village is simulated by plane, but still want that kind of like an eagle soaring in the sky feel. However, the cost of going abroad to a lot, so I decided to start, do not spend money now, pocket to keep up, grow up, I want to work hard to make money, and then with the whole family together to go abroad.

有言道“读万卷书不如行万里路。”到世界各地开阔视野，增长知识，我一定要朝着这个目标努力前进。

Its been said "read 10000 books is." To broaden our horizons, increase of knowledge around the world, I must work hard towards this goal.

Among all the sports, I like basketball most.

在所有运动中我最喜欢的篮球。

It is both an indoor and outdoor sport.

它既是室内运动也是户外运动。

People in everywhere like to play or watch this game.

到处的人们都喜欢玩或观看这个比赛。

I also like to watch people playing basketball on TV.

我也喜欢在电视上看人们打篮球。

I often play it with some friends after school, and sometimes we play it on Sunday afternoon.

放学后我经常和一些朋友打篮球，有时我们会在星期日下午打。

I am very good at basketball, but I am not the best player in my team.

我很擅长打篮球，但我却不是我的球队打得最好的球员。

Basketball can make me happy and healthy, and I really enjoy playing it.

篮球使我快乐，健康，我真的很喜欢打篮球。

[高一英语优秀的作文

Do you know thanksgiving day? do you know why human thank god?

Thanksgiving falls on the fourth thursday of november, a different date every year. the president must proclaim that date as the official celebration.

Thanksgiving is a time for tradition and sharing. even if they live far away, family members gather for a reunion at the house of an older relative. all give thanks together for the good things that they have.

In this spirit of sharing, civic groups and charitable organizations offer a traditional meal to those in need, particularly the homeless. on most tables throughout the united states,foods eaten at the first thanksgiving have become traditional.

What should we thank?

The thankful great universe provides the environment of existence for us and give us sunlight,air, water and everything in keeping with we existence of space, bring storm to let us accept to toughen for us, bring to us mysterious let us look for.

The thankful parents give us the life, make us feel the merriment of the human life, feel the genuine feeling of the human life, feel the comity of the human life, feel happiness of the human life, also feel hardships and pain and sufferings of the human life!

The thankful teacher works with diligence and without fatigue everyday of teach, give us knowledge ability, put on the wing which flies toward the ideal for us.

The thankful classmate and friend grows up road of, let i no longer standing alone in the itinerary of life; the with gratitude is frustrated and let us become in a time the failurestronger.

Since I was a little child, I had a dream that I wanted to be a doctor.

When I was little, I watched many TV series and movies about doctors. I thought

they were so great. Therefore, I made up my mind to be a doctor. In my opinion,

doctor is the people who can help patience get out of sickness and pain.I want

to be the person who can help others. However, being a doctor needs so much

professional knowledge and there is a long way to go. So I have to try my best

on my study and go to a good college.

In addition to tension, enrich the study life, I also have a relaxed, enjoyable holiday. The rich content, enriched my life, as well as childish students career added a few minutes of fun and carefree.

At ones go for a walk after dinner is my daily required course. Stroll near the village of flowers and plants, breathing the fresh air, and the bird companion, to enjoy a rich rose, lily of the noble and pure, strange flowers, dinner and beautiful magnolia, cannas brilliant, I will gently said to myself: "life is beautiful." I use the sincere feeling around colorful, with enthusiasm to appreciate the very beautiful flowers around us. I spontaneously from the heart: "I, belong to nature!"

More to the book, I will plunge into the ocean, breathing the smell of the fragrance of bookstores, libraries specific, experience the fun of walking books. Into the ocean of history, qin shi huang burying Confucian behavior and anger, would I be for farewell my sad tears, for the various ge is bright "teacher heel dead" untimely. Stroll the palace of literature, I gradually realize the treasure chai helpless, dai jade talent, experience of Marys stubbornness, colin weak, experience of the early morning rain listen "yu, qian zhongshus" fortress besieged "...

My summer vacation life, is a poem, a green leaf, a song...

除了紧张、充实的学习生活外，我还拥有轻松、愉快的假期生活。那丰富多采的内容，充实了我的人生，也为童稚的学生生涯增添了几分乐趣与悠然。

茶余饭后去散步是我每天的必修课。漫步在小区的花草旁，呼吸着清香的空气，与花鸟作伴，欣赏着玫瑰的浓郁，百合的高洁，晚饭花的奇特，还有玉兰的娇美，美人蕉的绚丽,我会轻轻地对自己说：“生活真是美的。”我用真诚感受身边的五颜六色，用热情欣赏周围的姹紫嫣红。我不由自主地从内心发出：“我，属于大自然!”

更多地，我会一头扎进书的海洋，呼吸着书店、图书馆特有的那种书香的气味，感受漫步书海的乐趣。钻进历史的海洋，我会为秦始皇焚书坑儒的举动而激愤，为霸王别姬的悲惨而落泪，为诸葛亮“出师未捷身先死”扼腕叹息;漫步文学的殿堂，我渐渐体会到宝钗的无奈、黛玉的才华，体会到玛丽的倔强、科林的孱弱，体会到余秋雨的“晨雨初听”、钱钟书的“围城”……

我的暑假生活，是一首诗，一片绿叶，一支歌……

Mid-Autumn Festival The 15th day of the 8th lunar month The joyousMid-Autumn Festival was celebrated on the fifteenth day of the eighth moon， around the time of the autumn equinox（秋分）。 Many referred to it simply as the "Fifteenth of the Eighth Moon".This day was also considered as a harvest festival since fruits，vegetables and grain had been harvested by this time and food was abundant. Food offerings were placed on an altar set up in the courtyard. Apples， pears， peaches， grapes， pomegranates（石榴）， melons， oranges and pomelos（柚子） might be seen. Special foods for the festival included moon cakes， cooked taro（芋头）and water caltrope（菱角）， a type of water chestnut resembling black buffalo horns. Some people insisted that cooked taro beincluded because at the time of creation， taro was the first food discovered at night in the moonlight. Of all these foods， it could not be omitted from the Mid-Autumn Festival.l love Mid-autumn Festival very much！

[Mid-Autumn Festival高一年级中秋节英语作文

It was a very busy evening, I was doing my homework at my home. My father was writing a composition in the study room. My mother was interested in Shanghai opera. She was watching a Shanghai opera contest. The apartment was very quiet. Suddenly the light went out. It was a blackout, but I liked it very much. It came and I didn’t have to do my homework. We went to the living room very slowly. After 5 minutes, we all sat in the sofa. It was a lucky, fortunate day. I said that let’s held a concert. My parents agreed with me. I took out some candles and lighted up. We were singing, laughing and talking. We had a really good time. But while I was singing, the light suddenly turned on. Oh, my God. My father went back to his room went on writing. My mother turned on the TV and said to me “Dear, do your homework!” I felt very frustrated. I sat at the desk and thought I hated light. I hoped there would be a blackout the next day. I thought I would enjoy myself more and more. I went into a dream……

Many children are always looking forward to the winter vacation; this is because during the vacation, children needn’t go to school; They can do everything they like, such as playing, watching TV, traveling, or even sleeping all the day and so on. and when winter vacation come on ,it means that spring festival will come on soon.I spent the whole day at home nearly every day, I played with my computer .I played computer games and surfed the internet. during the vacation ,I still stayed in touch with my classmates and my friends. I think I have been a potatoes mouse .During the spring festival, I visited my relatives ,and I got a lot of red bags. Even though my vacation was crazy and exciting, but I really learnt a lot. It was good for relaxing, and I am getting ready for the coming new term now. Good-bye, my winter vacation.

这是一个非常繁忙的晚上,我正在做我的作业在我的家。我的父亲是在书房写一篇作文。我母亲是上海歌剧感兴趣。她正在看一个上海歌剧比赛。公寓非常安静。突然灯灭了。这是停电,但我非常喜欢它。它来了,我没有做我的家庭作业。我们去了客厅非常缓慢。5分钟后,我们都坐在沙发上。这是一个幸运,幸运的一天。我说让我们举行了一场音乐会。我的父母同意我。我拿出一些蜡烛,点亮了。我们唱歌,说笑。我们有一个很好的时间。但当我唱歌的时候,突然打开。哦,我的上帝。我的父亲回到他的房间继续写作。我妈妈打开了电视,对我说“亲爱的,做你的家庭作业!“我感到非常沮丧。我坐在桌子上,以为我讨厌光。我希望会有第二天停电。我想我应该享受我自己越来越多。我走进一个梦想……

许多孩子们总是期待着寒假;这是因为假期中,孩子们不用去学校,他们可以做他们想做的一切,比如玩,看电视,旅游,或者睡整天等等。当寒假来,这意味着春节很快就会来。我花了一整天在家里几乎每一天,我在玩电脑。我玩电脑游戏和在网上冲浪。在假期期间,我和我的同学仍然保持着联系,我的朋友。我想我一直是土豆的老鼠。春节期间,我访问了我的亲戚,我得到了很多红色的袋子。尽管我的假期是疯狂和兴奋的,但我真的学到了很多。这是有利于放松,我现在正在为即将到来的新学期做准备。再见,我的寒假。

Today is Mother’s Day.I know some of my classmates are going to help their mothers with the housework,others are going to buy some flowers for their mothers.I want to say to her that I love her very much. But as a boy, it is a bit difficult for me to show my heart.I think only girls can do that.My mother is very kind.She takes care of me day and night. She spends little money, but buys anything for me that I need.

This time I must show my love.I am going to give her a card and write like this, “I love you, mother!” I am going to put it under her pillow.

In the past two years, my parents took me to travel to many places, including big cities, small towns, famous mountians and so on. Therefore, I like traveling and I hope I can visit to many more places. Since then, I hope I can be a tour guide in the future, so I can travel to many tourist attractions. Besides, I can meet various people and I think communicating with different people is interesting, wchich can broaden my field of vision. I hope they can share their life stories with me so that I can know the general life of a place. I know it would be a challenging job, but I believe I can do well in my job.

[高一英语作文我的梦想

参考范文：

It is reported that most young people in China are becoming unfit. Without regular exercise, students are becoming weaker. In order to be healthier, I will take the following actions.

First of all, I think it is necessary to have enough sleep. It is suggested that we should sleep for at least 8 hours every day. At the same time, I want to have a healthy diet. I plan to have more fruits and vegetables, and eat less meat. What’s more, I decide to spend more time exercising instead of playing computer games all the time. In addition, I believe it is meaningful to do eye exercises. In this way, I can protect my eyes well.

In a word, I will follow my plan to become healthier.

参考译文：

据报道,在中国大多数年轻人越来越不健康。没有有规律的锻炼,学生越来越弱。为了更健康,我将采取以下行动。

首先,我认为要有足够的睡眠。建议我们每天至少要睡8个小时。与此同时,我想有一个健康的饮食。我计划有更多的水果和蔬菜,少吃肉。更重要的是,我决定花更多的时间锻炼,而不是玩电脑游戏。此外,我认为这是有意义的做眼保健操。通过这种方式,我可以保护我的眼睛。

总之,我将按照我的计划变得更健康。

Everyone has a family. We live in it and feel very warm. There are three persons in my family, my mother, father and I. We live together very happily and there are many interesting stories about my family.

My father is a hard-working man. He works as a doctor. He always tries his best to help every, patient and make patients comfortable. But sonetimes he works so hard that he can’t remember the date.

My mother is a woman with a bad memory. She always does a lot of housework, but sometimes she makes mistakes out of carelessness. For example, one day, she washed clothes in the washer, after the washer finished the work, she found she hadn’t filled the washer with water.

Now let me tell you a funny thing: one day, father wanted to get up early as usual, buthe wasn’t able to do that, because he hadn’t set the alarm clock the night before, so when he got up, he did everything in a hurry. After father left, mother said to me mysteriously, "He will come back soon." "Why?" I was greatly surprised. "Because today is Sunday, his holiday!" Just as mother said, father came back home soon, and went to bed again--he was too tired.

You see, what an interesting family have! I hope that you will have one like mine, too.

1. According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.

依照最近的一项调查，每年有4,000,000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。

2. The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.

最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。

3. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.

没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。

4. People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.

人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。

5. An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.

越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。

6. When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.

说到教育，大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。

7. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a persons physical fitness.

许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。

8. Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful effects of international tourism.

应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量，努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响。

9. An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. However， this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents， who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution.

越来越多的专家相信移民对城市的建设起到积极作用。然而，越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法，他们抱怨民工给城市带来了许多严重的问题，像犯罪和腐败.

10. Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus, which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers.

许多市民抱怨城市的公交车太少，以至于他们要花很长时间等一辆公交车，而车上可能已满载乘客。

Advertisements are forcing their way into people’s lives. People refer to advertisements in their daily lives because they are consumers. The advertisers are usually manufacturers, retailers and salesmen. Their merchandise needs to be advertised to bring it to the attention to the customers. Thus nearly every product is advertised in some way. To a large extent, good advertising leads to success while bad advertising can mean failure.

There are many ways to advertise and ‘ads’ come in different forms. Newspapers carry advertisements. Some products are publicized on TV and radio which bring them into notice of a wide audience. Billboards also carry advertising. Advertising is a big industry now and many agencies have been set up to furnish a variety of forms.

However, advertising is not always truthful. A product is often misrepresented. The advertiser exaggerates the benefits of the merchandise he wants to sell. Thus, he misrepresents the truth. The consumer falls victim to such advertising. Millions of people have bought advertised products and have been dissatisfied with them。

I enjoy singing very much. While singing, my heart as well as my body is joyful. When Im happy, I often sing out to share my happiness with others. I also sing out to pour out my bad feelings when Im upset.

我很喜欢唱歌。唱歌的时候，我的心以及我的身体都是快乐的。我高兴的时候，我常常唱出来与大家分享我的快乐。我难过的时候，我也唱出了我不好的心情来倾诉。

I like pop music most, because I want to follow the trend. I prefer soft music to rock music. Since we may be very tired after a long days work, we need a rest very much. Perhaps soft music is the best recreation for us. My favorite pop stars are JJ and Jay Chou. They always make a wonderful performance on the stage. Their songs are so charming. I admire them very much.

我喜欢流行音乐，因为我想跟随潮流。相对摇滚乐来说我更喜欢轻柔的音乐。因为经过漫长的一天工作后我们可能会很累，非常需要休息。也许柔和的音乐对我们是最好的娱乐。我最喜欢的明星是林俊杰和周杰伦。他们在舞台上的表演总是很精彩。他们的歌曲是如此的令人着迷。我很佩服他们。

In my spare time, I often sing a song to others. Everyone is so happy to be my listener, because Im very brave and confident. Even though I couldnt be a professional singer, I can still get a lot of good fun from singing. Because of singing, my life becomes more colorful.

在我的空余时间里，我经常为别人唱歌。每个人都很开心的做我的听众，因为我很勇敢和自信。即使我不能成为一名专业歌手，我还是可以从唱歌中得到很多乐趣。因为唱歌，我的生活变得更加丰富多彩。

Last week, I saw a very impressive documentary about panda. A professor

studied panda in the early 1980s went to the wild life and kept trace of wild

giant panda for many years. As a result, he found that it was human being that

made these lovely animals die out. At that time, many people believed that giant

panda became less because of the low rate of newborn babies. But it was not

true. People cut trees for making profit at that time. Panda lose homeland and

they lacked of food. Thanks to these valuable data, the government took the

policy to protect the animals. So today, the number of giant panda is

increasing. People realize the importance of protecting the environment and it

is the best way to protect wild animals, they are the indispensable part of the

nature.

英国大部分节日都起源于宗教。复活节发生在过了春分月圆后的第一个星期日，原是纪念耶稣复活的日子。而现在对大多数人来说，复活节只是一个人们享受美好春光的普通节日。对于孩子们来说，没有比复活节彩蛋或巧克力蛋更重要的了。 复活节早上，有的家里把早餐用的蛋分放在几个盛有不同颜色的植物染料的锅里煮，这样端上来的蛋不再是白色或浅棕色的，而是黄色或粉红色，蓝色或绿色的。当然，染料是不会渗透到蛋壳里去的。

Most English holidays have a religious origin. The first Sunday of Easter in the full moon after the vernal equinox, the original is the day to commemorate the resurrection of Jesus. But now for most people, Easter is a secular spring holiday. For children, nothing is more important than Easter eggs or chocolate eggs. Easter morning, home with the breakfast egg placed in a few have different colors of plant dyestuff pot to cook, so end up the shells are no longer white or pale brown, but yellow or pink, blue or green. Of course, the dyes do not penetrate the shell.

圣诞节一过，复活节巧克力蛋便在糖果店里摆出来了。那些最小和花样最简单的很便宜，孩子们用自己的零花钱就可以买下来。这段时期上市的彩蛋有两种。小的一种叫方旦糖，长一英寸多一点，外面是一层薄薄的巧克力，里面是又甜又软的面团，然后再用彩色的锡箔纸包装成各种形状。另外一种是空蛋，稍为大一点，一般比鸭蛋还大一点。里面什么也没有，只是包着一个巧克力外壳。只需打碎外壳，吃巧克力片。 复活节临近时，糖果店的橱窗里会摆满比这些更精美的彩蛋。同时还有各种各样的用来吸引孩子们的小礼物出售。上面装饰有毛绒绒的羊毛做的小鸡，小鸡的嘴和脚都粘在卡片上。幸运的孩子可能从亲友那儿得到好几种这样的礼物。

One Christmas, Easter chocolate eggs in the candy store. The smallest and most simple pattern is very cheap, the children in their own pocket money can buy. Egg period listed in two. One is called fondant small, little more than an inch long, the outside is a thin layer of chocolate, which is sweet and soft dough, then use the color of the aluminum foil packaging into various shapes. Another is empty eggs, slightly larger than the duck is also a little big. There is nothing, just a wrapped chocolate shell. Just break the shell, eating chocolate chip. As Easter approaches, the candy shop window will be filled with more beautiful than the egg. At the same time also used a variety of attract children gifts. It is decorated with fluffy wool chicken, chicken beaks and feet are glued to the card. Lucky children may get from family and friends for such a gift.

The Internet is becoming more and more important in our daily life. On the net, we can learn news both at home and abroad and all kinds of other information as well. We can also send messages by e-mail, make phone calls, go to net school, read different kinds of books and learn foreign languages by ourselves. Besides, we can enjoy music, watch sports matches and play chess or cards. On the net, we can even do shopping, have a chat with others and make friends with them. In a word, the Internet has made our life more colourful.

The Lunar New Year is now popularly known as the Spring Festival because it starts from the Begining of Spring . Its origin is too old to be traced. Several explanations are hanging around. All agree, however, that the word Nian, which in modern Chinese solely means year , was originally the name of a monster beast that started to prey on people the night before the beginning of a new year.

One legend goes that the beast Nian had a very big mouth that would swallow a great many people with one bite. People were very scared. One day, an old man came to their rescue, offering to subdue Nian. To Nian he said, I hear say that you are very capable, but can you swallow the other beasts of prey on earth instead of people who are by no means of your worthy opponents? So, it did swallow many of the beasts of prey on earth that also harassed people and their domestic animals from time to time.

After that, the old man disappeared riding the beast Nian. He turned out to be an immortal god. Now that Nian is gone and other beasts of prey are also scared into forests, people begin to enjoy their peaceful life. Before the old man left, he had told people to put up red paper decorations on their windows and doors at each year s end to scare away Nian in case it sneaked back again, because red is the color the beast feared the most.

From then on, the tradition of observing the conquest of Nian is carried on from generation to generation. The term Guo Nian , which may mean Survive the Nian becomes today Celebrate the Year as the word guo in Chinese having both the meaning of pass-over and observe . The custom of putting up red paper and firing fire-crackers to scare away Nian should it have a chance to run loose is still around. However, people today have long forgotten why they are doing all this, except that they feel the color and the sound add to the excitement of the celebratio

This winter holiday, I went to the new added quite sheng tao sand island. Visited the merlion.

The merlion in Singapore is a landmark building. It has a total of ten stories, people can climb to the merlion head to see the view of the Singapore. The merlion is due to the tail of a lion. Its tail is tilted slightly, mouth beautiful spray, manly stands on sentosa island, the appearance of a pair of underestimates, maintained the Singapore day and night.

My parents and I climbed to the head of the merlion at a stretch. Mom asked a aunt to take a picture for us. Her "click" to press the shutter, for our family took a picture is worth forever.

We also went to Malaysia. Malaysia. I immediately with the coconut there is sweet and delicious.

Coconut is a tropical fruit, only this place is very hot all the year round in Malaysia. It is green, like a round ball. The inside of the pulp is milk white, very attractive. Coconut milk and health friendly drink, cool and refreshing, coconut meat also wonderful.

All countries have their own cultural practices, later I want to visit more countries, to learn more knowledge.

今年寒假，我去了新加颇的胜淘沙岛。参观了鱼尾狮。

鱼尾狮是新家坡的标志性建筑物。它一共有十层高，人们还能爬到鱼尾狮头顶去看新加坡的景色。鱼尾狮是一头由于尾巴的狮子。它的尾巴微微翘起，嘴里吐出美丽的水花，雄赳赳地屹立在圣淘沙岛上，一副不可轻视的样子，日夜维护着新加坡。

我和爸爸妈妈一口气爬到了鱼尾狮的头顶。妈妈请一位阿姨帮我们拍照。她“咔嚓”按下快门，为我们全家人拍下了一张值得永久保存的照片。

我们还去马来西亚。提起马来西亚。我立刻联想起了那里香甜可口的椰子。

椰子是热带水果，只能在马来西亚这种一年四季都很热的地方长。它的外壳是绿色的，像个圆滚滚的皮球。里面的果肉是奶白色的，十分诱人。椰子汁及健康友好喝，清凉爽口，椰肉也更是妙不可言。

各国都有自己的文化习俗，以后我要参观更多国家，了解更多知识。