高中英语说明文怎么写(精选20篇)

On Sunday morning, my parents took me to the zoo. We dint go there for a long time.

Last week, my classmates told me that the zoo added some funny entertainment facilities. I was very curious. So, I asked my parents to took me there and they promised to. We got there at 9 oclock. There were many people. Most of them were parents and children.

We first went to see the animal. I like parrots most. And then we saw the animal shows. Elephants, tigers, lions and monkeys did wonderful shows for us. People were happy, especially the children.

After that, we went to experienced the entertainment facilities. My mum was too scared to be with us. So, only my dad and I played. It was so exciting, but I was a little dizzy. However, I was very happy.

It was a great day.

星期天早上，我父母带我去动物园。我们很久没去那里了。

上周，我同学告诉我动物园新增了一些好玩的娱乐设施。我很好奇，所以我叫我妈妈带我去，而且她答应了。我们9点就到那了。那人很多，大部分是家长和孩子。

我们首先去观看动物。我最喜欢鹦鹉。接着我们看了动物表演。大象，老虎，狮子和猴子给我们表演了精彩的节目。人们都很高兴，特别是小孩子。

之后，我们去体验了娱乐设施。我妈妈很怕，不敢跟我们一起。所以，只有我和爸爸玩。它很刺激，但是我有一点点头晕。但是，我还是很开心。

这真是很棒的一天。

[去动物园高中英语作文

Its Sunday today. I got up early and did my homework on the table. All of a

sudden I remembered the mothers day, a picture of my mind, remembering a past

thing that moved me.

Thats the case. After coming home from school that afternoon, my mother came

back. I found that my mother was very tired, his eyes were squinting, and I

yawned. So she sent me to do my homework at home. But I felt very sad to see my

mother working so hard, so I decided to share the housework for my mother. I

began to pick up the stuff in my home, first fold the newspaper, and then the

glass was cleaned.

I put the glass on the pot filled with water, and then picked up the cloth, a

brush up. I found a little dirty in a cup, and I took some detergent to wash it.

Suddenly, the cup from the hand slipped, piercing sound startled me. I hastened

to pick up the pieces of glass on the floor. At this time, I found that my

mother was standing in front of me, and she said, "dont pick up the pieces with

your hands. Let me come." I stood up and bowed my head embarrassed and said,

"Im sorry, mom, Im too careless." I thought: this must be closed. Mother

walked over and touched my head and said, "kid, dont frighten you?" Let mommy

pack up, you go out and watch TV. " Mothers words are very gentle, but make me

more difficult, unwittingly I cry.

Looking back on this, I felt very warm. It told me that maternal love is

selfless and great, and I want to repay my mother on Mothers day.

关于城市介绍高中英语作文篇1

The city of hangzhou lies in the southeast of china and faces the east sea. it is famous for its beautiful west lake with a long history.whenever you come to this modern city you will see many parks and some places of interest around the west lake. during the holidays or festivals or at the weekends, people like boating on the water or walking on the paths of the woods or sitting on the ground to have a picnic. what a good time they have! since the politics of the reforming and opening were carried out by the government of hangzhou, plenty of tall buildings have been set up and great changes have taken place in this city.

杭州位于中国的东南，东临东海，以美丽的西湖而闻名于世。无论你什么时候去杭州，都会看到许多公园和名胜古迹环绕着西湖。节假日人们喜欢在西湖上荡浆，在小树林里漫步，或者坐在地上野炊，度过愉快的时光。自改革开放以来，杭州发生了巨大变化，许多高楼大厦拔地而起，呈现出新面貌。

关于城市介绍高中英语作文篇2

Beijing is an ancient city with a long history. Back in 3000 years ago in Zhou dynasty, Beijing, which was called Ji at the moment, had been named capital of Yan. Thereafter, Liao, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasty all made Beijing their capital. Therefore, Beijing was famous for "Capital of a thousand years".

The long history leaves Beijing precious cultural treasure. Winding for several kilometers in Beijing area, the Great Wall is the only man-made structure that could been seen in the space. The Summer Palace is a classic composition of ancient royal gardens, and the Forbidden City is the largest royal palaces in the world. Tiantan is where the emperor used to fete their ancestors, and also the soul of Chinese ancient constructions. The four sites above has been confirmed world cultural heritage by UNESCO. However, the best representatives for Beijing are the vanishing Hutongs and square courtyards. Through hundreds of years, they have become symbol of Beijings life. Tiananmen square being still brilliant today with cloverleaf junctions and skyscrapers everywhere, the old-timey scene and modern culture are combined to present a brand new visage of Beijing.

As Beijing has been confirmed home city of Olympics 2008, the spirit of "green Olympics, scientific Olympics and humanized Olympic" will surely bring more and more changes to Beijing, promote the development of sports and Olympics in China as well as in the world, and strengthen the friendly communications between Chinese and foreign people.

I remember the sixth grade when the National Day holiday seven days off our family ready to travel to Luoyang tourism, usually we rarely go out this time finally can go out to play for a while.

Eleven finally arrived, we packed up something, ready to travel we 7:00 on the train, the driver prepared almost half an hour, 7:30 departure, the trip is very long, to the afternoon to, when we sit a few Hours of the car, approaching 2:30, and most of us are sleeping, but it is this time more and more dangerous to happen, suddenly the car shook the two, we quickly got up and found a crash, we are afraid The car to burst, we rush to get off, people are smashing the window, the windows broke open people continue, when to me, I am very careful, I do not know why suddenly someone pushed me behind, I suddenly Jumped down, only go without any feeling can be a while I found hot, I look, ah! Put on a broken big hole, then my father came to see my wound immediately from the pocket out of a large toilet paper, my hand wrapped up, after a hospital ambulance came. We have been received by the hospital after some treatment finally cured, just to wrap gauze.

Then we are still happy to go to Luoyang important attractions: Longmen Grottoes and White Horse Temple, and then the next afternoon we do the car back home.

Although out of a car accident, but we are still very happy to play, as "survived, there must be after the blessing" Well!

As our students, we also have to face with much pressure, such as the study

pressure, exam pressure,relationship pressure and so on. But how can we cope

with pressure? This is the most important.

Firstly, we should face the pressure appropriately. Pressure is inevitable

in our daily life, so we cant be afraid of them and try our best to cope with

them. Secondly, tell our pressure to others. Talking is a very effective way to

ease pressure, and during the talking, we may get some suggestions and

solutions. Finally, trust ourselves. We should believe ourselves that we can

deal with any troubles by ourselves or by others help.

Chinese New Year is the tradition festival in China.It is the same as the christmas day in the west country,it is welcome the new year.

It is the day that the families get together.

The spring festival is usually in the February ,sometimes in January.In the spring festival,every family all paste the lucky inscriptions,they fire the cracker,they eat the dumplings.The day before the new years first day is the new years eve,same as the christmas eve,all the families get together to have the new yaars dinner,wishes each other,talk about the wishes about the new year.Small children will receive the money given to children as a lunar new year gift.

Nowadays, many families have a dog or a cat as a pet. Some people think

that pets are good and helpful companies. Some of them even go so far as saying

that animals are as good as humans, and their rights should be respected .Senior

citizens are especially fond of keeping pet because they are always feeling

lonely at home and they see the cats or dogs as their partner.

But some other people do not like pets. They say that animals are noisy,

dirty and dangerous. They think laws should be made to forbid people from

keeping pets in cities and towns.

In my opinion, pets are loyal friends that will never betray us. Staying

with pets, we shall enjoy happiness and feel relaxed. Most important of all,

keeping pets helps people to reduce loneliness and forget their unpleasant

things for the time being.

The Importance of Details

"The devil is always in the details" is a proverb which means that details determine our success. Therefore, this quotation aims to tell us that every detail is important enough to be paid attention to.

Some people may think that one who wants to achieve great success shouldnt pay much attention to details，but those who desire to do something big at once will constantly be haunted by disappointment, frustration or even failures，as when something big " shows up，they can hardly seize the opportunity because of the lack of ability to deal with small things. Keeping an eye on details may help us in many ways. For instance, when we were small children, we were sometimes very careless and there were many lapses in our homework, but if we could pay much more attention to these trifles, we would get a higher mark in the exam. Whats more, when we make decisions, making every detail clear will reduce risks.

To sum up，under no circumstances should we undervalue the importance of details, for paying attention to small things is the first step of success and will lay root for doing something big.

January 27 20XX

It was sunny today. I was excited. I got up at a quarter to seven. I made a appointment to meet at nine o’clock. After I had my breakfast, I went to the city center of Beijing. It was cold outside. When I arrived, my friends didn’t arrive. I waited for him in front of the KFC’s door. I haven’t seen them for a year. And in a year, we didn’t nete into contact with others frequently. About ten minutes left, my friends arrived one by one. After we greeted, we went to the 5-star restaurant to have lunch. The lunch cost us 800 yuan. Oh, dear! They were all very rich, and one was poor.

January 28 20XX

Yesterday we played happily, but there were only ten people. I remembered last year there were twenty-two people at all. I heard some my friends had gone abroad. They went abroad to study. Maybe I couldn’t see them in the future. I think next year we won’t make a party. Next year is a very important year. We all will prepare for the college entrance examination. It is the most important for us now.

January 29 20XX

I was bored. So I wanted to travel to Hong Kang. I told my father my decision. To my surprise, my father agreed. My father thought I always at home was bad. He thought I should go out to see our country clearly. How beautiful our country is! My father drove me a travel service. I filled out an application form. After that, the agency would finish every things. At last the agency told me it would take a week time to transact procedures.

January 30 20XX

The screen of my father’s mobile telephone is broken. When you open the mobile telephone, the screen is always white with light. You can’t see from the screen. And my father is a businessman. He needed a new one. So my father and I went to the electrical appliance shop. There are many new kinds of mobile telephones. At first, my father chose a Sumsung one. But all the telephones have sold out. Finally, my father chose a Motorola one.

January 31 20XX

The food in Shanghai disagree me. I think the food in Beijing is the most delicious. Seafood in Beijing is very fresh. Prawns in restaurant are all alive. And there are many food that you can’t see in other cities. It is very cheap that you eat seafood in Beijing. The less money you pay, the more enjoyable you are. Maybe my stomach is ill. Whatever food I eat, I am still thin. And I am too thin, I want to be a litter fatter. So I must eat more.

February 1 20XX

My dog will be dead. She is very old. We have kept her for ten years. Now her hairs are falling. And she always lies on the ground. She can’t see very clearly. She eats a little. She benetes thin. She was very strong before. She is still guarding my family. She is one of my family member. Now we are all uneasy because she will die. I think you may know my thinking. Even if it is a dog, you can’t forget it. So these days, we feet her the best food.

My study plan put my winter holiday is full of. I plan to put all the homework before the holiday are swept away, after the Chinese New Year in the top volume with three days to review your knowledge of our sage Confucius said, "consider"! The rest of the will to prepare book1&book 2 new knowledge, or else how can have a foothold in the superior competitive school? I write my these learning plan on a piece of paper, posted on my study desk, make it a little paper play a bigger role, it can play the role of a reminder to urge.

Saying and doing are two different things, in my winter vacation plan is really reflect incisively and vividly! Every day I wait for the sun to be basked in elder sister to the quilt to get up in the morning, all day in the hands of the pen to write, the temptation of television and computer, always to prohibit on learning table winter holiday schedule become worthless. My homework to the annual month to complete, the review plans to use five days, your plan is to complete the ugly, mathematics preview only the teacher must make the preview of the first two units, other disciplines in almost flat. My poor self-control and efficiency!

Thereare four seasons in the year. They’re spring, summer, autumn and winter.

一年有四个季节.它们是春天，夏天，秋天和冬天。

Springis warm and sunny. In spring days, everything in our nature is green, so we cango out to release ourselves and breathe the fresh air. I think its a good wayto enjoy our beautiful nature.

春天是温暖又阳光灿烂的。在春天，自然界中的一切都是绿色的，所以我们可以释放自己，呼吸新鲜空气。我认为这是享受美丽的大自然的一种很好的方式。

Summeris hot and rainy, but summer is the best season for entertainment, because wecan go swimming in the sea and enjoy the beautiful sunshine on the beach. Itmust be very interesting.

夏季炎热多雨，但夏季是休闲娱乐的最佳季节，因为我们可以在海里游泳，在沙滩上享受美丽的阳光。那肯定很有趣。

Autumnis very cool and comfortable, and it is also the best season for harvest. Inautumn days, the farmers are busy in their fields. If we had a chance, we couldgo to the countryside and pick up some fresh fruits and vegetables.

秋天很凉爽舒适，也是收获的最好季节。秋天的时候，农民们在他们的田野里忙碌。如果我们有机会，我们可以去乡下摘一些新鲜的水果和蔬菜。

Winteris very cold and freezing. In winter, our world is covered with white snow, sowe can either make snowmen or fight with snow. And we can also enjoy thebeautiful ice lanterns in Harbin. But I prefer to go to Sanya during that time.As its on Hainan Island, the weather is always so temperate. Even in December,I can still enjoy the green palm trees, the beautiful sea, the sunny beach andthe blue sky. Maybe I can find endless pleasure there.

冬天很冷，很冰。冬天，我们整个世界都被雪覆盖了，所以我们可以堆雪人或者打雪仗。我们还可以欣赏哈尔滨的美丽的冰灯。但我更喜欢在那段时间去三亚。因为它是在海南岛，天气总是很温和。即使是在十二月，我仍然可以享受绿色的棕榈树，美丽的大海，阳光明媚的沙滩和蔚蓝的天空。也许我可以在那里找到无穷的乐趣。

[高中英语作文：一年四季

Dear Mum and Dad,

Time flies! Ive been here for nearly a year. Im very pleased to find that our school is really a good one. The students in our school work hard at their lessons. They take an active part in activities that help to improve their qualities and health. They are friendly to each other and always ready to help each other.

The teachers here all enjoy their work and they love their students. They work hard and do what they can do to help their students. And the students respect their teachers. They get on well with each other. The students in our school try their best to kkp the school yard clean and tidy. They never throw waste about nor pick the flowers.

In a word, I am deeply impressed by the harmonious atmosphere in this school. I love my new school.

Yours,

Tom

亲爱的妈妈和爸爸，

时光飞逝！我来这儿已经快一年了。我很高兴发现我们学校真是一个好的学校。我们学校的学生在功课上努力工作。他们积极参加活动，帮助提高他们的素质和健康。他们彼此友好，随时准备互相帮助。

这里的老师们都喜欢他们的工作，他们喜欢他们的学生。他们努力工作，尽他们所能做的来帮助他们的学生。和学生尊重他们的老师。他们相处得很好。我们学校的学生尽力北校园干净整洁。他们从不乱扔垃圾，也不摘花。

一句话，我对这所学校的和谐氛围印象深刻。我爱我的新学校。

good morning/good afternoon teachers,

My name is...I am from ....primary school and I am ..years old now. I have a lot of interests and hobbies. For example, I like reading and swimming very much.

I think ... middle school is the perfect choice for me and I really wish to study in this school.

一、优化词汇输入教学，丰富词汇知识积累

词汇是一篇文章最基本的组 成要素。头脑中如果没有一定数量的、且处于鲜活状态的词汇，就无法写出好文章。要写出好的文章，就必须善于从众多的词语中选择和运用最恰当的词语。因此， 加强词汇教学、扩大和丰富学生的词汇量是提高学生写作能力的基础工作。克拉申的“语言输入假说模式”认为：正确和恰当的语言输入将会使语言学习的效果更 佳。

最佳语言输入的两个必要条件：

1)密切相关的

2)大量的。因此，将密切相关的常用词汇、习惯搭配适当集中教学，反复归纳、不断循环和强化是较好的词 汇输入方法，同时也保证了常用词汇在头脑中的鲜活状态，为写作输出提供可靠保障。

二、加强基础写作训练，活化基础知识积累

在学生写作过程中，我们 常常会发现许多学生的词汇量与运用能力不成正比的现象，写作中经常出现词汇贫乏和用词不当等问题。这种问题的出现实际上是学生获得的知识没有有效的活化。 配合词汇和句型教学，教师可以经常以所教学词汇为关键词拟定一些与时事或生活相关的话题，让学生用词、句做翻译练习，一段时间(4-5天)之后，再让学生 用这些词、句进行写作，多写多练以达到活化知识的目的。

三、广泛阅读，拓展知识积累

“熟读唐诗三百首，不会作 诗也会吟”。在大量的阅读过程中，可使学生开拓视野，拓展知识，增加语感，为写作提供必要的语言材料。写作和阅读是互相促进、相辅相成的。有些词汇和句 型，学生只是似曾相识，通过广泛的阅读能促使学生把这些东西运用得更熟练，表达得更准确。反过来，这也会有效地提高学生的阅读理解能力。

The 15-Day Celebration of Chinese New Year.

The first day of the Lunar New Year is "the welcoming of the gods of the heavens and earth."Many people abstain from meat on the first day of the new year because it is believed that this will ensure long and happy lives for them.

On the second day, the Chinese pray to their ancestors as well as to all the gods. They are extra kind to dogs and feed them well as it is believed that the second day is the birthday of all dogs.

The third and fourth days are for the sons-in-laws to pay respect to their parents-in-law.

The fifth day is called Po Woo. On that day people stay home to welcome the God of Wealth. No one visits families and friends on the fifth day because it will bring both parties bad luck.

On the sixth to the 10th day, the Chinese visit their relatives and friends freely. They also visit the temples to pray for good fortune and health.

The seventh day of the New Year is the day for farmers to display their produce. These farmers make a drink from seven types of vegetables to celebrate the occasion. The seventh day is also considered the birthday of human beings. Noodles are eaten to promote longevity and raw fish for success.

On the eighth day the Fujian people have another family reunion dinner, and at midnight they pray to Tian Gong, the God of Heaven.

The ninth day is to make offerings to the Jade Emperor.

The 10th through the 12th are days that friends and relatives should be invited for dinner. After so much rich food, on the 13th day you should have simple rice congee and mustard greens (choi sum) to cleanse the system.

The 14th day should be for preparations to celebrate the Lantern Festival which is to be held on the 15th night.

导语：《茶花女》故事讲述了一个青年人与巴黎上流社会一位交际花曲折凄婉的爱情故事。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

I read the Chinese version of “Camille” a few years ago. At that time I was deeply moved by the main character Marguerite Gautier. “Camille” or “The Lady of the Camellias” by Alexandre Dumas, fils, is the story of Marguerite Gautier, a young courtesan, or kept woman, in Paris in the mid 1800s, and how she falls in love with a young man, Armand Duval, and then tries to escape from her questionable past. Unfortunately, it comes back to haunt her and she ends up returning to that life and dies painfully and alone, but with the knowledge that she was a noble woman at heart. When I first began to read the book, I did not care for Marguerite or her attitude or lifestyle, but as I got further into the narrative, I realized that her saucy attitude was a front to cover the lonely woman that she really was. She felt used, abused and unloved, until the gentle Armand Duval came into her life and showed her that he loved her as a person and not for what she could do for him. It must have taken great courage for Marguerite to leave the life she had lived for so long, knowing all along that it was probably too good to be true and would not last indefinitely. And it also showed that Marguerite really loved Armand Duval for she could even change herself for him.

However, happiness didn’t last for long. When M. Duval, Armands father, came to her, pleading for her to leave Armand to save both Armands reputation and that of his younger innocent sister, Marguerite saw a way to become pure of heart, if not in body. She felt that it was her duty, because she loved Armand so much, to do this even though it meant giving up her own happiness and hurting Armand temporarily. She reluctantly returned to her former life, knowing that some day Armand would forgive her. Sadly, she died in debt and basically alone, except for her one female friend, Julie Duprat, who helped her during her illness. She had her journal sent to Armand after her death, explaining why she had made the choices she had. I think Dumass last few lines about Marguerite being the exception, not the rule were quite true, and I also agreed with his view that while her lifestyle could not be condoned, we as a society assume that all of these type of women are cold and heartless, while this may not always be the case. A person can make the wrong choices in life when they are young, and try to redeem themselves, but sometimes past situations prevent them from changing their lives, even though they desperately wish to do so. This applies to both men and women in many different types of circumstances: involvement in crime; drug or alcohol abuse; gambling; prostitution; financial problems; poor marriage choices; etc. And this is the fact, which exists in the whole society.

As far as the other characters in the book, I think Marguerite was right in saying that no one truly cared about her, but only wanted something from her, the only exceptions being Armand and Julie Duprat. Of course, the Comte de G. and Comte de N. wanted her body and appearance. The Duke needed to “wake up and smell the coffee” and realize that she could never replace his dead daughter. If he truly cared, he could have helped her leave her lifestyle without “keeping” her himself. And lastly, Prudence was a blood-sucking leech who used Marguerite almost worse than the men. I also think she was jealous of the fact that Marguerite had so much more courage than herself and someone truly loved her.

Last morning, when tiding my bookshelf, I took this book out of the shelf, and a dried flower flew away from the book. It was pale blue, very transparent, with thin fine veins. a dried flower flew away from the book. It was pale blue, very transparent, with thin fine veins. I held it against the morning light and blew on it. The soft breeze carried it away. Camille is just like the camellia, she could never escape from the destiny of withering. But it wasn’t her fault; it’s because of the evil of Capitalism and the hideousness of that society.

Suddenly, I remembered a saying: “Women are like the flowers”. Those pretty women are like those beautiful flowers; their delicate beauty makes people feel they are the miracle of life. However, even the God envies their beauty. It seems that beautiful women always have tragic endings. As we are normal persons, even we can see the hideousness of humanity that results in their fate of withering, we can at most ask quietly in our hearts: Where have those beautiful flowers gone? Where have they gone?

Courage is very important. Everyone needs it. We will meet many difficulties in our life and sometimes we will fail, but we can’t lose courage. If we lose courage, we can’t do anything, because we don’t dare to do anything; we are afraid of failure. This is my Chinese teacher me in the first class. I agree with him. For example, we don’t have the courage to hands up to say our answer, how can we know we are right or wrong. I will remember his word forever,” never lose courage .”

勇气是很重要的。每个人都需要勇气。我们在生活中会遇到很多困难，有时我们会失败，但是我们不能失去勇气。如果我们失去了勇气，我们将会一事无成，因为我们什么都不敢做；我们害怕失败。这是我的语文老师在第一节课的时候说的。我同意他的说法。例如，我们没有勇气举手说出我们的答案，我们怎么能知道我们的答案是对的还是错的呢。我会永远记住他的话，“永远不要失去勇气。”

[别失去勇气高中英语作文

就“说明对象”而言，英语说明文可分为对“客观具体事物”的说明和对“主观抽象观念”的说明两大类，比如：对“LASER（激光）”、“Computer Problem of Year XX（计算机XX年问题）”等等的说明都是对客观或者具体事物的说明，而“The Successful Interview（谈成功的面试）”、“How to Write Good English Composition（如何才能写好英语作文）” 等是对主观抽象观念的说明。对我们中学生朋友来说，在汉语说明文的教学中似乎比较侧重前者，即解释客观具体事物的说明文。但在英语说明文中，阐述和说明 “主观抽象观念”的说明文占了很大的比重，其中有些类似汉语中的议论文。但是无论是对“客观具体事物”的说明还是对“主观抽象观念”的阐述，英语说明文从结构上看大致可分为三个部分：第一部分一般是文章的第一段，提出文章的主题，也就是说，文章想要阐述、说明的主要内容；第二部分是文章的主体，可由若干个段落组成，对文章的主题进行展开说明；第三部分是结尾段，对文章的主题作归纳总结。从英语说明文的结构可以看出，要写好英语说明文的关键在于第二部分如何对文章主题进行展开说明。在英语中，常见的用来展开文章主题的方法有下列几种：

1.罗列法（listing）

在文章开始时提出需要说明的东西和观点，然后常用first，second，…and finally加以罗列说明。罗列法广泛地使用于各类指导性的说明文之中，下面这篇学生作文就是用罗列法写成的：

Early Rising

Early rising （早起） is helpful in more than one way. First， it helps to keep us fit （健康）。 We all need fresh air. But air is never so fresh as early in the morning. Besides， we can do good to our health from doing morning exercise （做早操）。

Secondly， early rising helps us in our studies. We learn more quickly in the morning， and find it easier to remember what we learn in the morning.

Thirdly， early rising enables （使能够） us to plan the work of the day. We cannot work well without a good plan. Just as the plan for the year should be made in the spring， so the plan for the day should be made in the morning.

Fourthly， early rising gives us enough time to get ready for our work， such as to wash our faces and hands and eat our breakfast properly.

Late risers may find it very difficult to form the habit of early rising. They ought to make special efforts to do so. As the English proverb says，“Early to bed and early to rise， makes a man healthy， wealthy and wise.”

罗列法经常用下列句式展开段落，我们可以注意模仿学习：

There are several good reasons why we should learn a foreign language. First of all， …Secondly， …And finally， …

We should try our best to plant more trees for several good reasons First of all， …Secondly， …And finally，

必须指出的是，有时罗列法并不一定有明确的first， second…等词，但文章还是以罗列论据展开的。

2.举例法（examples）

举例法是用具体的例子来说明我们要表达的意思，常用for example， for instance， still another example is…等词语引出。下面这篇学生作文就是用举例法写成的：

Recreation

It is impossible to keep in good health unless we take enough recreation （娱乐）。 The mind， too， needs change to make it fresh and vigorous （有活力的） There is much truth in the old saying， All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.“

There are many games which boys and girls can play after their school work is done， for instance， football， tennis， and kite-flying. Other examples of recreation are boating， fishing， gardening， cycling， walking， chess-playing， and reading. Persons who sit much at their business should take a kind of recreation that will supply their muscles （肌肉） with exercise. Those who spend most of their time in the open air and do manual work （体力活） should adopt （采纳） reading or some other quiet form of recreation.

Cycling is said to be an important means of recreation， but many persons foolishly tire out themselves by cycling too much. The same may be said in regard to football. Tennis is a pleasant form of recreation. Many persons take great delight in boating. Fishing requires much patience， and there is much danger of taking cold by sitting still on a cold day too long. A good brisk （轻松） walk is one of the finest forms of exercise. For persons engaged in outdoor labor， chess-playing is another excellent form of recreation.

可以看出，举例法和罗列法有时可以结合使用：即用罗列法来列出例子，用例子充实罗列的说明。

3.比较法（comparison and contrast）

比较法是对两个对象进行比较，从而进行说明的写作手法。比较法又可细分为比较相同点（comparison）和比较不同点（contrast）两种方法，比如：

From Paragraph to Essay

Although they are different in length （长度）， the paragraph and the essay are quite similar in structure （结构）。 For example， the paragraph starts with either a topic sentence （主题句） or a topic introducer followed by a topic sentence. In the essay， the first paragraph sets up the topic focus （主题所在） Next， the sentences in the body of a paragraph develop the topic sentence. Similarly， the body of an essay consists of a number of paragraphs that discuss and support the ideas given in the introductory （引导的） paragraph. Finally， a concluding sentence （结束句） ——whether a restatement， conclusion， or observation——ends the paragraph. The essay， too， has a concluding paragraph which ends the essay logically and satisfactorily. Although there are some exceptions （例外）， most well written expository （说明文的） paragraphs and essays are similar in structure.

可以看出，在比较相同点的时候，常用到similarly，also，too，in the same case，in spite of the difference等这样的词语。

European Football and American Football

Although European football is the parent of American football， the two games show several major differences. European football， sometimes called association football or soccer， is played in 80 countries， making it the most widely played sport in the world. American football， on the other hand， is popular only in North America （the United States and Canada）。 Soccer is played by eleven players with a round ball. Football， also played by eleven players in somewhat different positions （位置） on the field， is played with an elongated （拉长的） round ball. Soccer has little body contact （接触） between players and therefore needs no special protective equipment. Football， in which players make the greatest use of body contact to stop a running ball-carrier and his teammates， needs special protective equipment. In soccer， the ball is advanced toward the goal by kicking it or by butting （顶） it with the head. In American football， on the other hand， the ball is passed from hand to hand or carried in the hands across the opponents （对手） goal. These are just a few of the features which distinguish （区别） association and American football.

这是一篇用比较不同点的手法写的说明文。从文章中可以看出：however，on the other hand，in contrast，but，nevertheless等表示转折的词语常用来引导对不同点的比较。

4.定义法（definition）

定义法也是英语说明文中常用的写作手法，特别是在对具体事物概念进行说明时经常使用。定义法的基本要素是定义句。英语中常见定义句的模式是：

被定义对象is所属类别+限制性定语

可以看出，定义句中限制性定语越详细，定义就越精确，比如：

A bat is a small mouse-like animal that flies at night and feeds on（以……为食品）fruit and insects but is not a bird.

其实，在英—英词典中，对英语单词的英文解释就是定义法的典型例子。比如，看看Longman词典对student和teacher的定义是很有意思的：A student is a person who is studying at a place of education or training. A teacher is a person who gives knowledge or skill to sb. as a profession （专业）。

5.顺序法（sequence of time， space and process）

顺序法是指按时间、空间或过程的顺序进行说明的一种写作手法。比如按照时间顺序介绍一个科学家的生平，用空间顺序阐述逐渐开发西部的重要意义，用过程顺序法解释葡萄酒的生产过程等等。

下面这篇学生作文就是用顺序法写成的：

Coal

Coal underwent （经受） many changes before it became the bright， brittle （脆的）， black substance which we now use. During ancient times （在上古时代）， when the earth enjoyed a very warm and wet climate， the land was covered with large forests and big plants. As time went on， the ground changed and began to sink （下沉） a little. These very large numbers of trees and vegetables received a deposit （沉淀） of sand and clay. This layer of sand and clay pressed upon the layer beneath and prevented it from contact with air. These trees and plants received the pres sure and changed its appearance.

Generations after generations （几世纪后）， as the ground kept gradually sinking， another layer of sand and clay was again deposited （积聚） above the layers already formed. A great pressure was thus exerted （作用） and the peat （泥煤） was changed into the black and brittle substance which is known as coal.

Coal is a kind of mineral which is formed by nature as above stated. It is an important industrial material and is chiefly used as fuel. It is very valuable in the industrial world. The place where coal deposit is called a coal mine （煤矿）。 In China， coal mines are largely found in the north-west part of the country. Shanxi is a famous province for producing coal. It has the most coal of China.

6.分类法（classification）

分类法是将写作对象进行分类说明的一种写作手法。比如：著名的英国哲学家弗朗西斯·培根（Francis Bacon）在其脍炙人口的《谈读书》（Of Studies）一文中就用到了分类法：

Some books are to be tasted， others to be swallowed， and some few to be chewed and digested， that is， some books are to be read only in parts， others to be read， but not curiously， and some few to be read wholly， and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy， and extracts made of them by others； but that would be only in the less important arguments， and the meaner sort of books…

参考译文：书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之，有只须读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。书亦可请人代读，取其所需摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者……

——转摘自《英汉翻译教程》（张培基等）

可见，如果能够根据具体情况，选用合适的写作手法，就可为文章增添无穷的魅力。

除了上述提到的6种展开英语说明文主题的写作方法之外，还有因果法、归纳法等其他方法。但相比之下，对于中学生来说，上述6种方法是首先值得掌握的。另外必须指出的是：在一篇文章中往往是以一种写作手法为主，同时辅以其他写作手法。有时，甚至会几种写作手法混用而不分主次。因此，必须根据具体情况，选用合适的展开主题的写作手法，才能写出优秀的英语说明文。

Waiter: This is menu. Are you ready to order now?

Tom: Sorry, we havent decided yet. Could you please give us a little longer?

Waiter: No problem.

Tom: Well, I think I would like to have a shrimp cocktail and the tomato sausage soup first. How about you, Jones.

Jones: The same for me, please.

Waiter: Yes, sir.

Jones: What main dish would you like, Tom?

Tom: Well, Id like the sole, please.

Jones: Ill have the sirloin steak.

Waiter: Yes. What would you like to drink?

Jones: Red wine for me. And you, Tom?

Tom: I think Ill have beer.

Jones: One goblet of red wine and one bottle of beer, please.

Waiter: Would you like a dessert?

Jones: What special kind of desserts do you have?

Waiter: Lemon pie, hot cake in syrup, chocolate sundae and custard pudding.

Tom: Well, I think well order after we finish the main course.

Waiter: All right, Ill bring the soup right away.

服务员:这是菜单。你准备好点菜了吗?

汤姆:对不起,我们还决定。你能请给我们一点时间吗?

侍者:没问题。

汤姆:嗯,我认为我想要一只虾鸡尾酒和第一个番茄红肠汤。你呢,琼斯。

琼斯:请同样的对我来说。

服务员:是的,先生。

琼斯:你喜欢什么主菜,汤姆?

汤姆:嗯,我想唯一,请。

琼斯:我沙朗牛排。

服务员:是的。你想喝点什么?

琼斯:红酒给我。而你,汤姆?

汤姆:我想我有啤酒。

琼斯:一个杯红酒,一瓶啤酒,谢谢。

服务员:你想要甜点吗?

琼斯:你们有什么特色甜品?

服务员:柠檬派,热糖水蛋糕,巧克力圣代和奶油布丁。

汤姆:嗯,我认为我们将订单完成后的主要课程。

服务员:好的,我马上把汤。

If you ask someone that do they often go to library, I think they will

answer you with no, the reason I am saying this because of the development of

ebook. Many years ago, without computer, the only way to check the information

that you need is from paper books, it means you need to go to the book shop or

the library, while with the development of the Internet, people have access to

the information very easily, you only need to click on the computer, then what

you look for is in front of you. Ebook is a very popular form for reading,

people can find what they want to read in the computer, like the novel story,

then download. It is so convenient and fast, it can save a lot of time, we don’t

need to go to the library if we are busy. Ebook is a good way for reading.

参考翻译

如果你问一些人他们是否经常去图书馆，我觉得他们会回答不，我这样说的理由是因为电子书的发展。很多年前没有电脑，你想要核查你所需要的信息，唯一的方法就是去找纸质书，这意味着你需要去书店或者图书馆，然而随着电脑的发展，人们能很轻易得到信息，你只需要点击电脑，然后你所寻找的就会在你眼前。电子书是一种很受欢迎的阅读方式，人们可以在电脑上找到他们想要阅读的，比如小说，然后下载。这很方便快捷，能够省时，我们不需要去图书馆，如果我们很忙的话。电子书是阅读的好方式。

英语一直是我最头痛的一门功课。因为在我看来有无数个毫无规律的英语单词要背诵，还有那莫名其妙的听力，都令我烦恼不已。但这学期我发现我似乎对这门讨厌的功课产生了兴趣。

事情的起因是爸爸出差到北京，给我带回了一台“读书郎”英语同步读书机。我立刻被它漂亮的外表吸引住了，因为它像一台高档的笔记本电脑。打开读书机，左边是音标，分为元音、辅音;右边是26个英语字母。最大的好处是它可以下载我上课用的pep教材。妈妈让我打开英语课本，翻到第1页，把读书机中的页码调至相同页码，我再用那神奇的信号笔一点，点到哪儿，读书机就发出标准的读音，点第二遍时它就译出这个单词的中文含义，真是太神奇了!

刚开始几天，我每天一放学就抱着这台“读书郎”，渐渐地新鲜劲也就过去了。妈妈看准了时机，立即调动我的积极性，把老师当天教的英语单词分批教我，并慢慢告诉我这个字母在单词中所发的音。这样，日积月累，慢慢地我对有些字母的发音规律也有所掌握。正像妈妈所说的那样，一旦你会读准这个单词，那么这个单词的一半已被记住，只要稍一用心，就可记住全部。妈妈告诉我：学习英语要循序渐进，因为记忆会衰减，所以学单词时，先学一遍，过一会儿复习一遍，到第二天再复习一遍，一星期、一个月内再次复习，这样能把短期记忆变成长期记忆。这种方法叫作“思马德记忆”。按照妈妈所说的方法，我试了一下。哎，果真有效果!渐渐地我对背诵单词有点窍门了。这个学期六个单元所要求的四会单词，我全部做到了会“听、说、读、写”。

因为背诵单词有了明显的进步，得到了老师的表扬，我的学习热情倍增，对听力也产生了兴趣。现在我拿到听力课文，不象以前那样手忙脚乱，而是先把课文、图案看一遍。如果是选择题，我会看清图案，了解这几幅图的大致含义，再听录音。我现在能抓住几个重点词语与图案进行对照，基本能做到准确无误。对阅读也同样，抓住几个关键词语和下面的问题进行对照。

以上几点仅是我对学习英语的几点体会。同学们，你们是不是也和以前的我一样，对学习英语非常头痛，其实不用害怕，只要坚持不懈，今天记不住的单词明天再记，反反复复，我相信你一定会成功。让我们一起努力，共同进步吧!