英语论文摘要格式规范标准(汇总20篇)

Nowadays it is common to encounter a scene when people want to see things

happen but can‘t make things happen for various reasons. The most important

reason is that they just refuse to create and innovate. With the accelerated

pace of our society,more and more people recognize the importance of creation

that is bound to make a difference in social productivity.

As far as I am concerned,we should all have the notion of being the

participants of supporting creation. First of all,creation is the most vital

factor to improve the inner competitiveness of our nation. For another,it is

certain that creation is so essential that enables many people to find their

positions in the company and careers in their lives.

Measures are also needed to encourage creation . First and foremost,the

government should establish certain rules to sweep up the obstacles of

invention. Some people have already complained much about complicated procedure

of patent applications or high fees to do experiments of inventions.

Additionally,high schools and universities can provide students with

scholarships or overseas learning opportunities,which will stimulate more

youngsters to join the group of invention and innovation.

Every day I will come to my house downstairs garden that buy vegetables,

every time to buy food I will carry a green bag, and I buy food is the most

fresh, the most nutrition, without any pesticide of vegetables.

After buying vegetables, I will go home to cook cooking. I hold accuse the

electric meal bao in the home is from solar power, so that use of low cost, no

pollution to the environment, to adapt to the sustainable development; High

reliability, and does not need complex azuowenry system. I started cooking. My

family is from downstairs stream into electric frying pans hydro power, its low

cost, no pollution, can be continuous regeneration. Can strong effect. Water

dissolving force is big, has great ability of ionization, can make the water

soluble substances in the body exist in dissolved, and the attitude of the

electrolyte ions, help active chemical reactions in the human body, increase the

vigour. After dinner, I go to do my homework.

My home is the LED desk lamp, it can be environmental protection and energy

saving can save 80% of the electricity; More comfortable visibility, provides a

more uniform light and clear images; Long life; Easy to use security. Homework,

Im ready to go outside to play for a while.

I rode my bike and looking at the flowers outside, very beautiful flowers,

colorful; Grass, grass, cui lust flow. His heart alacrity. My bike is very good,

he is very environmental protection, no pollution, can let us save Labour, save

money. In the look at the car outside, energy consumption; The tail car cause

air pollution, global warming; Go out by car, reduces the chance people walking

exercise, affect the body health. Say to say, wed like to keep the car bicycle,

drive a car. I went to bed after I exercise the body.

My bed is very warm, it is because we use heat to keep the bed warm. He

covers an area of small; Dont need to do central heating time saving manpower;

Thermal efficiency is higher, the heat utilization rate of hot water is several

times. Very practical. In my warm bed asleep slowly, slowly fall asleep. This is

my low carbon life, my home!

Since I was very small, my parents sent me to learn painting. They thought

I could understand art and mastered one skill. This experience brings me the

sense of art. I have my own understanding of it.

On the one hand, art is an important way to express peoples opinion. When

we see the pictures, the difference between classical and ordinary paintings

lies in the thoughts. The famous artists implant their ideas in the pictures,

which are admitted by the public, so the value of arts can be seen. Some famous

artists expressed their unique opinion and gives arts great meaning.

On the other hand, art is not only from works, but also from life. For

example, my mother cooks the delicious food. Everybody speaks highly of her. So

her food brings people great happiness, which makes the food an art for me.

Whats more, my friends is good at communicating. The way she talks can convince

other easily, so I call the way she communicates as an art.

In all, for me, art is around. It brings people a way to see the world or

makes our life wonderful.

People will make a lot of friends during their lifetime, the more friends

they make, the more capable they are. Some young people are proud of having many

friends, but only the true friends deserve us to care about. The person we make

must be positive to life. He will set the good example to you and help you to be

a better man. The bad friends will make you perverted, especially for the

teenagers, they can’t make the right judgement and are easy to follow others, so

the friends are very important part of their lives. Once they make the wrong

friends, they will do the bad thing. So we don’t need more friends, just the

right one.

Early in senior high school, we longed to be enrolled in a university. Now

the dream has come true. But how do we college students like our campus

life?

Certainly, some relish it, finding it colorful and rewarding. Besides

study, they spend considerable amount of time improving themselves in various

aspect. Yet others do not think much of their college life, thus do not benefit

as much. In their eyes, the university is just a bigger high school. The only

difference is that they have more time at their disposal without parents looking

over their shoulder.

As to me, college life is ideal if only I have abundant books to read, some

bosom friends to keep me company, a couple of conscientious professors to

instruct me.

There are many kinds of sports that I enjoy, such as swimming, basketball,travelling and so on. However, my favorite sport is running.In my mind,it is a good activities for people to keep healthy and relieve the pressure. After busy studying,i usually run on the playground,and i think thats the most wonderful time in a day.I love this sport since im 4,but at that time i only run for fun without any purpose.Its different now.Running has become a essential part in my life.I love running,and i ll keep running.

我喜欢很多种运动 比如说 游泳 篮球 旅行 等等 但是 我最爱的运动还是跑步在我看来 跑步是对人体健康 和减轻压力的好方法 在忙碌的学习过后 我经常会在操场上跑步 我认为那是一天中最精彩的时刻了 自从我4岁的时候就喜欢这项运动了 但那时 我只是没有任何目的的娱乐 但是现在不同了 跑步几本变为我生活的一部分了 我喜欢跑步 我会坚持跑步。

My name is Beth. Im 14 years old, and I study in No. 1 Middle School of

Hangzhou. My school is very big and beautiful. Im very happy in the school.

I usually get up at 6:15 in the morning. Then I do morning exercises in the

playground. At 6:40, I have my breakfast. You can see many students and teachers

in the dinning room. After breakfast, I often read English with my

classmates.

We have six classes every day. The first class begins at 7:50 am. I like

all the classes for my teachers can make the classes lively and interesting. My

favorite subject is English, so I join English Corner every week. I can speak

English with many other students there. Its very interesting and exciting. I

think its helpful for me to learn English well. After class, I always play

games with my friends. We play soccer ball,basketball, volleyball, ping-pong and

so on. They are very relaxing.

I like my lessons, my friends and my teachers. In a word, I love my school.

I find my school life more and more meaningful and colorful. My school life is

wonderful, isnt it?

1摘要的定义与三类摘要的写法

国际标准ISO214-1976指出：摘要是一份文献内容的准确压缩,不加解释或评论。中国国家标准规定：摘要是报告、论文的内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述。摘要是读者判断论文价值，判断论文是否值得阅读的依据。会议所征摘要是决定是否录用全文的依据。写好摘要是科技人员写作所必备的基本功。如果一篇内容价值较高的英语论文,其摘要写得平平淡淡，不能体现论文的特点和学术价值，将带来一系列不利影响：失去被刊载的机会，需要本文的读者不会阅读全文,从而失去应有的学术影响;对中文期刊论文而言,难以进入国际检索系统等。

摘要分为报道性摘要、指示性摘要、报道—指示性摘要、结构性摘要等种类。学术期刊多采用报道性摘要，特别是试验研究和有定量数据的论文。对新内容较少，或数据少的论文用指示性摘要或报道—指示性摘要。摘要的内容一般由3部分组成：研究目的,研究方法,研究结果或结论。中文摘要一般200-300字,外文摘要字数不超过250个实词。摘要的详简程度和篇幅大小根据具体情况及要求而定，如期刊论文摘要、会议征稿摘要、博士学位论文摘要的差别很大。期刊论文摘要通常位于署名和单位地址之后。

1.1 报道性摘要

报道性摘要要求反映作者的主要成果,提供比较完整的定量及定性信息。篇幅一般为200-300字。示例如下：

示例1： (题名：BiSrCaCuO高温超导纤维)

采用激光加热小基座法(LHPG)成功地制备出BiSrCaCuO超导纤维。它性能稳定,工艺可重复性高。纤维最大长度达60mm，直径范围35-500um，其中细径纤维有挠性。超导纤维的起始转变温度为118K,零电阻温度为87K，临近电流密度为2.5kA/cm2 (77K,H=0,直流电流量)。纤维中超导相(2212相)，显微结构有典型的取向性。纤维的超导电性与其生长条件及后处理过程密切相关。首次指出，a轴平行于纤维的轴向。

示例2：(篇名: 约瑟夫森结Alx-Al隧道势垒的实验研究)

通过X光电子能谱、阳极氧化电压谱和FISKE台阶电压的测量，研究了约瑟夫森结中ALOX-AL隧道势垒。发现结的隧道势垒最佳沉积AL层厚度为7nm，AL上形成了ALOX厚度只取决于氧化条件，与沉积AL厚无关，势垒AL氧化物可能含有一个像ALOOH态的OH基团。

1.2 指示性摘要

指示性摘要的目的是使读者对论文有一个概括的了解，适用于新内容较少，或数据少的论文。篇幅一般为50-100字。示例如下：

示例1: (题名 ：冷轧槽楔外端与摩擦影响的定量分析)

建立了与Avitzuer不同的连续速度场，经变上限积分与参量积分求的槽楔冷轧变形力上界解解，并侧重定量的讨论了外端与摩擦对变形力的影响。

示例2: (题名 ：白薯线虫的防治)

对密西西比州种植的白薯由于根节线虫所引起的问题作了讨论,叙述了1967年由蔬菜收获分公司实验站所进行的商品熏剂和杀虫剂的试验。对行间撒播的施用方法作了比较。列出了包括商品杀线虫剂vorlex、DOW WV W─85、DD和试验的固体杀线虫剂68 138及Dasanit的试验结果。

示例3： (题名：湘江水体中硒的分布)

[目的] 为给综合防治污染提供一定依据,对湘江水体中硒的分布进行了探讨。

[方法] 在湘江上游兴安县至洞庭湖的河口采集了28个底泥样品, 用气相色谱法进行分析。

[结果] 结果表明:湘江底泥已受到不同程度的污染,其中有些硒含量超过本底值数的十倍甚至百倍,大多数样品中硒含量较一般土壤和底泥为高。还分析了污染严重的霞湾港水样，结果表明此段江水中硒含量尚不高，在地面水最高容许浓度范围内。

1.3 报道—指示性摘要

报道—指示性摘要是对论文中价值最高部分内容采用报道性摘要，其余部分以指示性摘要报道。篇幅一般为100-200字。

示例1: (题名：柴油机燃用棉籽油的试验研究)

介绍了不经任何改装的S195型柴油机燃用棉籽油与柴油混合油或纯棉籽油的试验研究情况。结果表明，燃用棉柴混合油或纯棉籽油时，发动机性能良好，无异常现象;适当调整供油提前角、加大循环供油量，可以达到原机功率，而且烟度有所下降。还分析了S195型柴油机在试验工况下的燃烧特性和放热规律。

2 写作中的常见问题

要有摘要与论文分离单独出版的写作思想，对随文摘要，不要认为“全文在后边”，编写摘要可简单、随便。

应用“用(采用)...方法”、“报告了...现状”、“进行了...调查”等记述方法编写摘要。即，要用第三人称编写，不要用第一、二人称编写，不要用“本文”、“我们”、“作者”、 “THIS PAPER"、"THIS ARTICLES"等作为主语。

不用图表、示意图、公式、结构式和非公用的符号和术语。

要采用规范化的名词术语、缩略语、略语、代号、法定计量单位、简化字和标点符号。

避免与标题和引言在用词上明显重复，忌罗列正文中目次，小标题和段落标题，或结论部分的文字。

要排除在本学科领域已成为常识的内容和教材中已有的东西。

除非该论文证实或否定了他人已出版的著作,否则不必引用。

不要作自我评价。如：本文以变量代换为工具,利用高等代数的知识,证明了齐线性微分方程组的降阶定理,给出了一种实际的解题方法。因此，这个结论的证明不仅具有一定的理论意义，而且在解题过程中也具有重要的指导意义。

不要对题名等进行注解。如论文“分类指导重点突破加速农机化步伐”的摘要写成：农机化是农业生产力发展到一定阶段的必然过程,是现代农业的产物,在我国它的发展只能与农村经济发展水平相适用。因此分类指导即根据不同经济力、生产组织形式和现实物质技术条件，进行有效地指导、协调、组织带层次性的农机化生产。重点突破即在提高经济效率的前提下，在“化”水平上有所突破。

3 成功写作摘要的要点

摘要写作成功的诀窍是突出新贡献，并使之尖锐化。用精辟语句使新东西出现在摘要的突出位置。所谓新贡献包括:新技术、新理论、新方法、新观点、新规律、纠正前人错误、解决争议、补充和发展前人成果等。有的作者常常不在摘要中体现重要的研究成果，而到论文的后部分经分析推论等才指明，这是错误的观点和写作方式。

使自己新贡献尖锐化。即区别他人工作和自己新贡献不同之处(如:“想法”、“设想”和“已给出数学定义、模型”等的区别)，使之分离，使自己新东西尖锐化。新贡献不要多谈，要精辟。不能模棱两可，让读者去分析作者的贡献“新”在何处。而应指出来让读者看。但不能自我评价。

Recently, global warming has become a hot topic among people. It results

from serious air pollution. As the environmental pollution is more and more

strict, the temperature of all the world has dramatic increased. Gradually, some

disaster such as drought, floodandGlaciers Melting follow. How terrible it is!

Therefore, we need to protect our earth and fight against the disaster

together.We should start from the trivial side. Making contribution to

protecting our home.

Recently, we have little time to keep close contact with nature. We spend

too much time on study or working. We almost forget that how green the grass is,

how beautiful the flowers are, and how sweetly the birds are singing outside our

windows. A saying goes, "All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy". It means

that we need to relax ourselves and go out to breathe more fresh air. We can

also climb a hill in the suburbs.Its good for our health.

Lets go outing.

A boy went to a shop and bought a pencil and other things. When he was

going to pay the bill, he took out his wallet and found he had not enough money

to pay. He felt awkward. At that moment, an old man who was in charge of the

shop smiled and said to the boy that he could give the rest of the money next

time. The boy was so shocked, as the old man trusted him so much. When the boy

went home, he remembered it all the time. So the next morning, when he passed

the shop, he gave the money without hesitation. Integrity is priceless and

decides who we are.

"As" this sentence is confirmed by the wonderful nature, yesterday the

wisper under light rain, my heart is heavy like a rock, because want to master

and old milk grave, before, I dont understand the real meaning of the qing Ming

day, until today after sweeping the tomb, I understand the true meaning of

tomb-sweeping day!

At seven o clock in the morning, we prepare to master and old milk grave,

grave is a fresh thing for me, we take tools and set off.

Walking the winding mountain road, I cant wait, after about an hour, we

came to the master and old grandmas grave, a year didnt come, graves are

covered with wild grass, you well after the division of labor, began to busy,

everything is in place, we started to burn money, along with the smoke, I seem

to see their shadow, they told me: study hard and cherish life.

Yes, life is short, happy every day to live, to continuously surpass

ourselves, surpass ourselves, dream will come true; The superego, the dream into

power; Beyond the self, to create beautiful life! I think life is constantly

transcend self, beyond the dream!!!!! Panoramic view of the city house on the

mountain, the mountain was full of golden golden in the rape, deep breath, deep

and remote light fragrance, fresh air, the flowers with irresistible power

explanation of the meaning of life!

Novak Djokovic is one of the top tennis players in the world. He has won

many grand slams, which is the greatest honor for a player, but there is only

one grand slam he hadn’t achieved—the French Open. In the last three years, he

was so close to the champion, but was defeated by the final winner. In order to

fulfill career Grand Slam, he practised so hard and never felt depressed. This

year, he came to the final match again, everybody wanted him to win the match,

for they knew how important the champion was to him. At the first game, he felt

a little nervous and lost, but in the second and third game, he found his pace

and controlled the match. At last, he beat his rival and finally fulfilled his

career Grand Slam. The dream was not easy to realized but insistance helps him

wins.

ChengDu is a wonderful place located in Sichuan province.This city is well

decorated and designed which attrects lots of tourists every year.

Chengdu has large amounts of tourist spots such as Wangjiang Park,Dujiang

Dam and so on.Such spots are all easy to get and they dont cost much.Whatmore

,with the rapidly developing economy,Chengdu has become an international

metropolis.

Why not come to this amazing city to get a rest and have a look of these

beautiful sceneries.Just cherish this hardly-get chance.Dont hestitate.

The Spring Festival, the most jubilant and important festival in China, is

observed by most Chinese people at home and abroad. Our hometown is not an

exception.

Similar with other places in china, we prepare for the festival about half

a month before. With the lunar New Year approaching, the red lanterns are hung

up along the main streets, making the ancient town filled with the festival

atmosphere. While people clean up their houses, decorate it with traditional

decorations such as Chinese knots and paper cutting. Each family pastes up

Spring Festival couplets to convey their best wishes for the coming year.

With time goes by， it bees a bit hard for me to remember everything about

myself at the first day of my college life。 However， there was one thing for

sure that I did feel quite excited and curious about my university。 There is no

doubt that students like me have struggled for a long time so that can be

permitted to enter the university。

Bringing with expectation， I got into Gongshang University。 Generally

speaking， its an interesting and fantastic place for us to study and live in。

Every day a series of outgoing people get into my eyesight。 Curious and out of

politeness， Id talk to them heart to heart。 Here I make friends with my new

classmates from everywhere around China。 Whats more， time and weather

permitting， I will enjoy jogging or playing basketball with my classmates on the

playground， tired but happy。 When staying in dormitory， I choose to read news

online and sometimes watch a film for relaxing。 However， a good student can

never leave his study behind。 When it es to study， hard problems never upset me，

instead they arouse me。 Rather than ignoring it， Id think carefully for a while

and ask my classmates for help。

To be honest， there are some things I don’t deal with properly。 For

instance， once I spent nearly a whole day playing puter games。 Personally， we

university students are already adults and its our obligation to develop

ourselves in college by learning new professional skills。 Not until we take a

right attitude towards our study and life can we win a rich and colorful

experience in college。

The summer holiday is coming. Our class have had a discussion about what to do during the holiday. Some are in favor of staying at home. They think its both convenient and comfortable. Whats more, they can save money for other purposes. But they will lose the chance of getting to know the outside world.

However, others prefer to go out for traveling since it can increase their knowledge and broaden their horizons. But they will spend more money and meet some difficulties while traveling.

In my opinion, it would be much better to stay at home, for I can do what I like, such as reading books, watching TV, and helping my parents with the housework.

I am a student from Xinhua Middle School in Chongqing，China. Informed that

you have a vacancy for a student to serve as the spokesman for animals, I cannot

resist my inner excitement,hoping to seize the opportunity to do something for

animals .

In my mind，nothing can delight me so much as caring for animals. Wherever I

go and whatever I do, I usually keep in mind that animals are angels from the

heaven, which bring us endless comfort and pleasure. I have been a panda lover

since my childhood. Panda is so lovely that brings fun to people and they are

regarded as the treasure of our country. Unfortunately，such a rare species is

now faced with the danger of being extinct。What I am eager to do is to raise

people’s awareness of animal protection and appeal to more people to care for

our earth companies.

It is my belief that all human beings can make a difference together. I

would appreciate it if my application could get your approval.

Since the development of the technology, the society gets modernized,

people make use of the high technology to pursue more profit. Though the

government has noticed the problem that people do to the environment, they still

can’t prevent negative result that the polluted environment brings.

Many years ago, the most prominent problem of the polluted environment is

that the river and the water were changed their color, some fish even died for

the polluted river. Now the situation becomes ever worse, lately, in the big

city, like Beijing and Shanghai, people are annoyed by the bad weather. It is

not the rainy day, but the haze around the sky, there is no way for people to

run away for it. The haze contains toxic elements, people breathe it and hurt

their bodies.

The haze problem is the result of people’s pursuit for the profit, what

people did to the environment now has been paid back by the environment. Now

people have realized the revenge from the nature is so huge, protecting the

environment is the main task. No matter how bad the environment is, people still

need to do something to fix their mistake.

Dragon Boat race Traditions

At the center of this festival are the dragon boat races. Competing teams drive their colorful dragon boats forward to the rhythm of beating drums. These exciting races were inspired by the villagers valiant attempts to rescue Chu Yuan from the Mi Luo river. This tradition has remained unbroken for centuries.

Tzung Tzu

A very popular dish during the Dragon Boat festival is tzung tzu. This tasty dish consists of rice dumplings with meat, peanut, egg yolk, or other fillings wrapped in bamboo leaves. The tradition of tzung tzu is meant to remind us of the village fishermen scattering rice across the water of the Mi Luo river in order to appease the river dragons so that they would not devour Chu Yuan.

Ay Taso

The time of year of the Dragon Boat Festival, the fifth lunar moon, has more significance than just the story of Qu Yuan. Many Chinese consider this time of year an especially dangerous time when extra efforts must be made to protect their family from illness. Families will hang various herbs, called Ay Tsao, on their door for protection. The drinking of realgar wine is thought to remove poisons from the body. Hsiang Bao are also worn. These sachets contain various fragrant medicinal herbs thought to protect the wearer from illness.

翻译：风俗习惯端午节最重要的活动是龙舟竞赛。比赛的队伍他们多彩的龙舟前进的鼓声中。这项活动的灵感是来自村民的勇敢的尝试营救汨罗江畔的屈原。这个传统一直保持了几个世纪。

粽子非常受欢迎的菜在端午节粽子。粽子的米包着肉、花生、蛋黄及其他材料，再以竹叶包裹。而粽子的传统是为了提醒我们的渔夫，将米丢进汨罗河水安抚蛟龙，希望他们不要将屈原吃掉。

塔索(Taso)的时间每年的端午节，农历的第五天，具有更多的意义，不仅仅是屈原的故事。许多中国人认为每年的这个时候，一个特别危险的时候，必须做出额外的努力，保护家人免受疾病。家庭在门上将挂各种草药，叫驱邪。喝雄黄酒被认为是去除体内的毒物。香包也穿，它是以含有多种香味药草认为保护人们远离疾病。

Recently, our efforts to protect wild animals was questioned by the public,

because the news is keep reporting that more and more wild animals was killed by

human beings, especially the very precious one. Innocent animals was dead for

their meat, fur and tooth, it was just used to fill up human beings desire. In

my point of view, the wild animals were protected effectively still has a long

way to go.

Firstly, people should try harder to make a better place for animals. The

land where the wild animals live was deprived by human being. For hundreds

years, people cut the trees to make land for their living and farming, wild

animals homeland was took, they have no choice but run away. What is more,

human beings break the food link in nature; wild animals can not find enough

food to keep alive. There is no doubt that the destruction of nature has become

a big problem to kill wild animal, for instance, a polar bear was starved to

death because of the greenhouse effect, the ice was melt away, the seadog and

fish that polar bear like to eat are far away from them. For those reasons,

people should protect the environment first if they want to protect wild animals

effectively.

Second, no buying, no killing. Some rich people like to wear fur coat, they

treat it as a status symbol, especially for rich woman, they think animal fur is

beautiful and warm, they will never consider that the fur they wear for years is

the skin that animal wear for their whole life, and they knew how bloody when

people took the fur from animal but they choose to ignore it. If people do not

buy the fur and tooth, lots of wild animals will be survived.

In sum, wild animals are our friends, we should give back and protect their

homeland, and stop buying their body part, or our future generations will see

them in zoo and museum.