英语论文摘要格式规范标准(汇集20篇)

Its September. Autumn is coming. But where is autumn? I am told that the

sky looks higher with few clouds in autumn. I raise my head and look at the sky.

It makes no difference with the sky in summer. And trees around are still green.

Then I come to the fields. I find the corn in the ear. Apple trees nearby are

fruiting well. The harvest season is coming. I jumped with joy. This is autumn.

I found it!

If life is a banquet,Friendshipis a flower. Friendship is to our life

what water is to fish. If you are in trouble, friends will surround you and

remove the barriers for you. Friendship plays an important role in our daily

life. I’ll cherish my friendship forever.

When I was in Grade 3 in senior high school, because of serious headache, I

couldn’t go to school. The doctor said that I must have a rest for a week. Once

hearing that, I was anxious. The step of Gaokao approaches. The subjects are

quite difficult. One night at eleven o’clock when we heard someone knock the

door, mum opened the door. Li Ming came in .He walked towards my bed and asked

my body. Then he said he would help me with the subjects. I didn’t agree with

him .After a day’s classes he was very tired. But he insisted on helping me with

the subjects. In the end, I agreed. Whether it was fine or not, he came

punctually. I was deeply impressed by his kindness. Apart from helping me with

the subjects, he also comforted me. And I felt better. As proverb says “If you

tell your sorrow to your friends, your sorrow will be reduced by half.” I

thought he had helped me a lot. If he had not helped me with the subjects at

that time, I firmly believed I would have fallen behind others. I felt an

immense gratitude to Li Ming. I was happy to have such a friend.

To sum up, a life without a friend is a life without sun. Friendship is one

of the most valuable things in life. We should treasure our friendship.

I have busy weekend.In Satday morning,I’m read books and do myhowewoke.In aftenoon,I’m lean my room.In evening,I’m watch TV and movies.In Sunday morning,I’m play basketbaal with my good fiend .

We are very happy.In aftenoon,I’m go to marketpiace buy some food.In evening,I’m go to concert.

This weekend,I’m very tird ,but I’m enjoy onerselees

This is our school library . It s openfrom 8:30 to 11:30 in the morning

and from 1:30 to 4:30 in the afternoon . It s not verylarge . It has only

three assistants and about two thousand books . The assistants are friendly and

the books are interesting . So we often come here after class . From thelibrary

, you can borrow two books at a time , and keep them for two weeks . In its

reading room , there are tables and chairs . There you can do your homework or

read the magazines .

Teachers Day

The Teachers Day will come soon.At first,I want to extend my greeting and best wishes to my dear teachers.

I still remember the year when I failed the collage entrance exmination.Iwas feeling lost,and no idea about what my life is going to be.My teachet came to me,and she said she understand how I felt inside now.She also told me its very common that students who are like me will go though a hard time. She told me that failure was a part of life, which was not the end but a new beginning. And she encouraged me to go back to the school to start a new. I was convinced in the end and decided to give another try.

Now Ive graduated from collage and got a very good job.I know all my success owns to my kind teacher. Ill work harder and never give up again.

My school is very beautiful. It is Nanhai Experimental School. There are

three tall buildings in our school. They all have five floors. In the teaching

building， the P.E.room is on the first floor. The library is on the second

floor. The science rooms are on the third floor. The computer rooms are on the

third floor and the fourth floor. The music rooms are on the third floor and the

fourth floor. My class room is on the fifth floor. I am in Class9， Grade 6.

There are five gardens in our school. In the gardens there are many beautiful

flowers， grass and trees. There is a big playground in my school.

I like my school， because my school is very beautiful.

英语念起来干枯无聊，我偶尔往前面望去，有一排同学没事可做，竟然搞起敢死队的工作——在英语老师的眼皮子底下看漫画书，晕。更为巧合的是――竟然都是坐在一排的人！怀疑是不是串通好了的呢。

敢死队员1号：小心翼翼型

这位队员一边看着书，一边虎视耽耽地望着老师。瞧，他刚翻一页，就抬头看看老师，接着又翻一页，然后有抬头望望老师，这样重复循环，真不知道他把内容看进去没有。看见老师的目光没有扫向他，他赶紧抓住机会连翻几页，然后突然抬头，盯着老师。

敢死队员2号：动作怪怪型

这位队员可有点怪了，看着书，一会儿掏掏鼻子，一会儿打打哈欠，一会儿摸摸耳朵，一副惟恐天下不乱的样子，好像不让老师发现他的举动就不甘心似的，真是个怪人。

敢死队员3、4号：谈天说地型

这两位同学有些不把老师放在眼里了，边看书边聊天。我隐隐约约听见他们说冒险岛OL，说漫画内容，说小说，说娱乐咨询，就连老师和同学的目光扫向他们，也无济于事。

敢死队员5号：边学边看型

这位同学好像有些明白学习的重要性，看了几分钟的书，马上立起来听老师的讲课。课上一半时，老师为了扫查班上的敢死队，把同学们一个叫起一个问问题。这下可让这群敢死队员们开始惶恐不安了，他们连书都顾不着看呢。而这位队员呢，看一会儿就学学，这一招算是对他的MISS了。

敢死队员6号：理直气壮型

这位同学可是班上的霸王级分子了（注：别乱想，不是我啊），他可是一人之下，几十人之上，谁敢对他不敬，他的落雷马上就落在你头上了，（注：我已经欠了他3顿打了，要不是我能帮他弄电脑作业，我早就魂飞天了）因此每人敢告发他。不知是她的好运还是老师放水，他这样看了一堂课，竟然都没半点被批评，真太不公平了！！

谁知道，老师从天而降，为了抓住敢死分子，居然来个背后突袭，到所有座位后边地毯式搜索。5名敢死队员唰地一声，在同一时间内放下书，装起乖乖。只有敢死队员6号稳如泰山，而老师的目光明明瞄准了他，可老师却好像在放水一样，竟纵容他在自己眼皮子底下活动，真气死人了！而其他5位的敢死队员便无机可乘，只好乖乖停课，唯独6号占了便宜。

Yesterday afternoon, when I was sitting in the classroom and listening to

the teacher. Suddenly, the screen seemed moving and it started to shake. My

teacher stopped his class and then he asked us to calm down. He let the students

who were close to the door left first, and then the rest of us ran out of the

classroom one by one. After a while, everything seemed to be normal, the teacher

asked us to go back to the classroom. Later I learned that there indeed came the

earthquake. I admired our teacher so much, in the important moment, he did not

run away, but considered us in the first place. He is a good teacher.

Before I was five years old, I did not like to eat fruit. I only like meat.

My mother tried to figure out many ways to let me to eat fruit and gain the

vitamins. She used fruits to make funny models, which indeed attracted me to

eat. What’s more, the fruit salad is my favorite food now. I like to eat apples

and grape.

【构思点拨】本题属于题目、提纲式作文，给出的要点虽然不多，但要求考生根据生活中亲身经历的一件事，说明一切成功来源于凡事早做规划，不断追求，辛勤劳作这个道理。因此要注意结合自己的经历，谈出自己对此的感受即可。

俗话说：早起的鸟儿有虫吃。请根据你生活中亲身经历的一件事，说明一切成功源于干凡事早做规划，不断追求，辛勤劳作。

【参考范文】

the early bird will catch worms

an old saying "the early bird will catch worms" reminds us that if people want to be successful and outstanding, they must plan ahead of time and make their efforts to overcome all the possible difficulties.

for example, the chinese athletes excellent performance in xx olympic winter games in vancouver is definitely the result of their early planning and hard training. if they don t set the aim and word work, even though they have the best talents, they cant compete with others and get more medals.

another case in point is my learning experience. i was good at english, but i couldnt pass the exam, for i wasnt prepared well before the examination. i had many things to solve at that time. as i met the complex things, i was at a loss. the reason was that i had no plan and involved in many things and didnt study more hard, so i failed.

in short, the saying shows us the important of planning, working hard and constantly trying.

Tomb Sweeping Day is on the April 5th every year. Its a day to show our great respect to our deceased ancestors. On that day, we usually sweep the tomb of our ancestors and offer them food and drinks. We also burn paper money to them. It is believed that our ancestors in heaven will receive the money. Besides, everything in our nature takes on a new look on that day, so its the best time for spring outing. It must be fun and relaxing.

Olympic Games will be held every four years and it is the biggest sports

event. My father is a big fan and he will stay up very late to watch the sport.

I was affected by my father. I fell in love with many sports and diving was my

favorite Olympics sport. At first, I was attracted by the excellent movement

that the athletes played. The moment they diving into the water was like the

fish jumping into the water, which was wonderful. I started to figure out the

small different actions between athletes after I watching more. They challenge

harder action then get higher points. Every improvement is the result of hard

working.

As a Senior Grade Three students, I am very busy in preparing for the

college entrance examination. I have seven classes a day, and two self-study

classes at night. And only a day left for the weekend. So, most of the time I

have to spend on the study, after all the college entrance examination is very

important for almost all of us. Aside of study, I would play football with my

friends after school and the weekend. I like playing football very much. When I

run on the football field, I can put the examination thing off my mind for a

while, only sweat and laugh left. It is a good exercise for health and a good

way to relax from the busy study too. This is my high school life, busy and

fulfilling.

Marine biological environment is a complex system including sea water, sea

water, soluble matter and suspended matter, seabed sediments and marine

organisms. The rich biological resources, mineral resources, chemical resources

and power resources in the sea are indispensable human resources treasure

houses, which are closely related to the survival and development of

mankind.

At present, the main objective of marine conservation is to protect marine

biological resources so that they can not be exhausted for sustainable use by

mankind. In particular, priority should be given to the conservation of marine

animals that are valuable and endangered. According to the UN investigation, due

to overfishing, mangrove accidental killing of non target to allow the killing

of marine organisms, the coastal engineering construction, deforestation,

pollution of the marine environment in general, at least 25 of the worlds most

valuable fisheries resources consumed, whales, sea turtles, manatees and many

other marine animal faces the danger of extinction. It is expected that with the

expansion of marine development, it is possible to cause more damage to marine

biological resources.

Marine protection task should first stop on the marine biological resources

excessive use, secondly to protect the marine biological habitat or habitat,

especially their migration, spawning, feeding, avoid Huahai coastline, beaches,

estuaries, coral reefs, to prevent heavy metals, pesticides, oil, organic

produce and eutrophication. Nutrients such as marine pollution. Maintain the

ability of regeneration of marine biological resources and the natural

purification ability of the sea water, maintain the marine ecological balance,

and ensure the sustainable development and utilization of the marine.

OnFriendshipEveryone needs friendship. No one can sail the ocean of life

single handed. We need help from, and also give help to, others. In the modern

age, people attach more importance to relations and connections. A man of

charisma has many friends. His power lies in his ability to give.The term,

friend, covers a wide range of raeanings. It can be a nodding acquaintance, a

comrade, a confident, a partner, a playmate, a brother, an intimate etc.As life

is full of strife and conflict, we need friends to support and help as out of

difficulties. Our frinods give us warnings against danger. True friends share

not only joy but, more often than not, they share sorrow.With friendship, life

is happy and harmonious. Without friendship, life is hostile and unfortunate. I

have friends in the rank and file. Some are rich and in power. Some are low and

common. Some are like myself, working as a teacher, reading and writing and

content with the simple life we have. To many of my friends, I know what to

treasure, what to tolerate and what to share, I will never forget my old friends

and keep making new friends. I will not he cold and indifferent to the poor

friends and will show concern for them, even if it is only a comforting

word。

Throughout history man has changed his physical environment in order to

improve his way of life。 With the tools of technology he has altered many

physical features of the earth。 He has transformed woodlands and prairies into

farms and made lakes and reserviors out of rivers for irrigation purposes or

hydroelectric power。 Man has also modified the face of the earth by draining

marshes and cutting through mountains to build roads and railways。

However， mans changes to the physical environment have not always had

beneficial results。 Today， pollution of the air and water is an increasing

danger to the health of the planet。 Each day thousands of tons of gases e out of

the exhausts of motor vehicles。 Smoke from factories pollutes the air of

industrialized areas and the surrounding areas of the countryside。 The pollution

of water is equally harmful。 The whole ecological balance of the sea is being

changed and industrial wastes have already made many rivers lifeless。

Now environmental protection is more pressing than ever before。 As we know，

massive destruction of environment has brought about negative effects and even

poses a great threat to mans existence。 Indifference to these problems will

mean mitting suicide。 Therefore， effective measures should be taken and laws

passed to conserve environment。 Otherwise，man is certain to suffer from the

serious consequences caused by this lack of care for his living

surroundings。

My grandparents believed you were either honest or you werent. There was

no in between. They had a simple motto hanging on their living-room wall: "Life

is like a field of newly fallen snow; where I choose to walk every step will

show. "They didnt have to talk about it--they demonstratedthe motto by the way

they lived. They understood instinctively that integrity means having a personal

standard of morality and ethics that does not sell out to expediency and that is

not relative to the situation at hand. Integrity is an inner standard for

judging your behavior.Unfortunately, integrity is in short supply today--and

getting scarcer. But it is the real bottom line in every area of society.And it

is something we must demand of ourselves.

A good test for this value is to look at what I call the Integrity Trial,

which consists of three key principles: Stand firmly for your convictions in the

face of personal pressure.

When you know youre right, you cant back down. Always give others credit

that is rightfully theirs. Dont be afraid of those who might have a better idea

or who might even be smarter than you are. Be honest and open about who you

really are. People who lack genuine core values rely on external factors--their

looks or status---in order to feel good about themselves. Inevitably they will

do everything they can to preserve this facade,but they will do very little to

develop their inner value and personal growth.

So be yourself. Dont engage in a personal cover-up of areas that are

unpleasing in your life. When its tough, do it tough. In other words, face

reality and be adult in your responses to lifes challenges.

Self-respect and a clear conscience are powerful components of integrity

and are the basis for enriching your relationships with others.

Integrity means you do what you do because its right and not just

fashionable or politically correct. A life of principle, of not succumbing to

the seductive sirens of an easy morality,will always win the day. My

grandparents taught me that.

1摘要的定义与三类摘要的写法

国际标准ISO214-1976指出：摘要是一份文献内容的准确压缩,不加解释或评论。中国国家标准规定：摘要是报告、论文的内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述。摘要是读者判断论文价值，判断论文是否值得阅读的依据。会议所征摘要是决定是否录用全文的依据。写好摘要是科技人员写作所必备的基本功。如果一篇内容价值较高的英语论文,其摘要写得平平淡淡，不能体现论文的特点和学术价值，将带来一系列不利影响：失去被刊载的机会，需要本文的读者不会阅读全文,从而失去应有的学术影响;对中文期刊论文而言,难以进入国际检索系统等。

摘要分为报道性摘要、指示性摘要、报道—指示性摘要、结构性摘要等种类。学术期刊多采用报道性摘要，特别是试验研究和有定量数据的论文。对新内容较少，或数据少的论文用指示性摘要或报道—指示性摘要。摘要的内容一般由3部分组成：研究目的,研究方法,研究结果或结论。中文摘要一般200-300字,外文摘要字数不超过250个实词。摘要的详简程度和篇幅大小根据具体情况及要求而定，如期刊论文摘要、会议征稿摘要、博士学位论文摘要的差别很大。期刊论文摘要通常位于署名和单位地址之后。

1.1 报道性摘要

报道性摘要要求反映作者的主要成果,提供比较完整的定量及定性信息。篇幅一般为200-300字。示例如下：

示例1： (题名：BiSrCaCuO高温超导纤维)

采用激光加热小基座法(LHPG)成功地制备出BiSrCaCuO超导纤维。它性能稳定,工艺可重复性高。纤维最大长度达60mm，直径范围35-500um，其中细径纤维有挠性。超导纤维的起始转变温度为118K,零电阻温度为87K，临近电流密度为2.5kA/cm2 (77K,H=0,直流电流量)。纤维中超导相(2212相)，显微结构有典型的取向性。纤维的超导电性与其生长条件及后处理过程密切相关。首次指出，a轴平行于纤维的轴向。

示例2：(篇名: 约瑟夫森结Alx-Al隧道势垒的实验研究)

通过X光电子能谱、阳极氧化电压谱和FISKE台阶电压的测量，研究了约瑟夫森结中ALOX-AL隧道势垒。发现结的隧道势垒最佳沉积AL层厚度为7nm，AL上形成了ALOX厚度只取决于氧化条件，与沉积AL厚无关，势垒AL氧化物可能含有一个像ALOOH态的OH基团。

1.2 指示性摘要

指示性摘要的目的是使读者对论文有一个概括的了解，适用于新内容较少，或数据少的论文。篇幅一般为50-100字。示例如下：

示例1: (题名 ：冷轧槽楔外端与摩擦影响的定量分析)

建立了与Avitzuer不同的连续速度场，经变上限积分与参量积分求的槽楔冷轧变形力上界解解，并侧重定量的讨论了外端与摩擦对变形力的影响。

示例2: (题名 ：白薯线虫的防治)

对密西西比州种植的白薯由于根节线虫所引起的问题作了讨论,叙述了1967年由蔬菜收获分公司实验站所进行的商品熏剂和杀虫剂的试验。对行间撒播的施用方法作了比较。列出了包括商品杀线虫剂vorlex、DOW WV W─85、DD和试验的固体杀线虫剂68 138及Dasanit的试验结果。

示例3： (题名：湘江水体中硒的分布)

[目的] 为给综合防治污染提供一定依据,对湘江水体中硒的分布进行了探讨。

[方法] 在湘江上游兴安县至洞庭湖的河口采集了28个底泥样品, 用气相色谱法进行分析。

[结果] 结果表明:湘江底泥已受到不同程度的污染,其中有些硒含量超过本底值数的十倍甚至百倍,大多数样品中硒含量较一般土壤和底泥为高。还分析了污染严重的霞湾港水样，结果表明此段江水中硒含量尚不高，在地面水最高容许浓度范围内。

1.3 报道—指示性摘要

报道—指示性摘要是对论文中价值最高部分内容采用报道性摘要，其余部分以指示性摘要报道。篇幅一般为100-200字。

示例1: (题名：柴油机燃用棉籽油的试验研究)

介绍了不经任何改装的S195型柴油机燃用棉籽油与柴油混合油或纯棉籽油的试验研究情况。结果表明，燃用棉柴混合油或纯棉籽油时，发动机性能良好，无异常现象;适当调整供油提前角、加大循环供油量，可以达到原机功率，而且烟度有所下降。还分析了S195型柴油机在试验工况下的燃烧特性和放热规律。

2 写作中的常见问题

要有摘要与论文分离单独出版的写作思想，对随文摘要，不要认为“全文在后边”，编写摘要可简单、随便。

应用“用(采用)...方法”、“报告了...现状”、“进行了...调查”等记述方法编写摘要。即，要用第三人称编写，不要用第一、二人称编写，不要用“本文”、“我们”、“作者”、 “THIS PAPER"、"THIS ARTICLES"等作为主语。

不用图表、示意图、公式、结构式和非公用的符号和术语。

要采用规范化的名词术语、缩略语、略语、代号、法定计量单位、简化字和标点符号。

避免与标题和引言在用词上明显重复，忌罗列正文中目次，小标题和段落标题，或结论部分的文字。

要排除在本学科领域已成为常识的内容和教材中已有的东西。

除非该论文证实或否定了他人已出版的著作,否则不必引用。

不要作自我评价。如：本文以变量代换为工具,利用高等代数的知识,证明了齐线性微分方程组的降阶定理,给出了一种实际的解题方法。因此，这个结论的证明不仅具有一定的理论意义，而且在解题过程中也具有重要的指导意义。

不要对题名等进行注解。如论文“分类指导重点突破加速农机化步伐”的摘要写成：农机化是农业生产力发展到一定阶段的必然过程,是现代农业的产物,在我国它的发展只能与农村经济发展水平相适用。因此分类指导即根据不同经济力、生产组织形式和现实物质技术条件，进行有效地指导、协调、组织带层次性的农机化生产。重点突破即在提高经济效率的前提下，在“化”水平上有所突破。

3 成功写作摘要的要点

摘要写作成功的诀窍是突出新贡献，并使之尖锐化。用精辟语句使新东西出现在摘要的突出位置。所谓新贡献包括:新技术、新理论、新方法、新观点、新规律、纠正前人错误、解决争议、补充和发展前人成果等。有的作者常常不在摘要中体现重要的研究成果，而到论文的后部分经分析推论等才指明，这是错误的观点和写作方式。

使自己新贡献尖锐化。即区别他人工作和自己新贡献不同之处(如:“想法”、“设想”和“已给出数学定义、模型”等的区别)，使之分离，使自己新东西尖锐化。新贡献不要多谈，要精辟。不能模棱两可，让读者去分析作者的贡献“新”在何处。而应指出来让读者看。但不能自我评价。

A fun-filled， pain-free lifestyle equaling happiness actually reduces their

chances of ever obtaining real happiness. As a result，many people avoid the very

attempts that are the source of true happiness.And the real happiness always

contains some pain .In the other hand， true happiness has nothing to do with

fun. All those who always have so much fun actually may not be happy at all.

I have a bitter experience. When I was a child， I lived a poor life，and I

had a happy and meaningful life in my childhood. And my parents were always

respecting each other. And now we have some money，and our life has improved a

lot. To tell the truth， it is a good thing. Unfortunately，My father always goes

out and takes part in the gambling activities. And my mother sometimes quarrels

with my father. I am extremely unhappy about it. I think money doesnt equal

happiness. And pain-free lifestyle also doesnt equal happiness. The real

happiness is that everyone loves each other， and does everything useful for our

society. Most of my classmates support me. But some of them think money is

everything. In my opinion，we cant do things without money. But money cant take

the place of everything，such as your life，your time and your happiness.

On May 12, 2008, there was an earthquake happened in Wenchuan, Sichuan

province. More than 69000 people had lost their lives, 374643 people had injured

and 17923 people could not be found in this earthquake. After the earthquake had

happened, people from all the field joined the rescue teams. At that moment,

people only care about one thing, that was to save more people from this

disaster and encourage the injure to be strong. After seven day, the chairman

declared that May 19 is the national day of mourning. Flags were at half-mast

everywhere on the day of mourning for victims of Wenchuan earthquake.

The mourning day is to remember the people who lost their lives in the

earthquake, on one hand, is to remind people do not forget that day, don’t

forget about the past and look into the future; on the other hand, is to

encourage the survivers to stay strong. Life is worth living for.

Although Earthquake had destroyed our home, but we can build a brand-new

one. We can rebuild our hope. Just as Nixon said so, our destiny offers not the

cup of despair, but the chalice of opportunity. So let us seize it, not in fear,

but in gladness. Just have a little faith. Just try to remember that everything

will be alright. We will find what we are looking for in the future.

On January, 2013, the public started a campaign called Clean Your Plate. This campaign aims to call on people to save food instead of wasting anything on the plates. The main theme of this activity is do not waste any food, starting with me. This campaign was first started from Sina weibo. Just a few days, tens of thousands people in China have joined in this meaningful activity.

In my humble opinion, everybody should join in this campaign. As we all know, the Chinese traditional virtue is to be thrifty even we are live in a better life. According to the latest survey, more than 50 million tons of food is being dumped in China every year. This wasted food can feed about 200 million people for a year. The old generation usually appreciates the leftover, if there is any food in the plate, they will eat them up; while the younger generation will dump the leftovers into the dustbin, they rather spend the money on other food instead of eating leftovers. I think such behavior is not only waste of food and money, but also broadcast the wrong idea that wasting food is acceptable. People should come to realize the importance of saving food. The governments should also take measures to reduce food wastage and encourage people to eat at home. What’s more, people should put an end to the expensive feasts and banquets.

I think this campaign should be moving on. Saving food for our offspring is everybody’s responsibility. Even if you’re a wealthy man, you still need to eat up the food on your plate. Waste is not a good habit.