英语论文摘要格式规范标准【实用20篇】

In my family, there are only three people, my parents and I. because of my

parents’ work, they could only have one child at that time, so I don’t have any

siblings. I felt so lonely when my parents went out for their work. Now the

government changed their policy, people can have the second child. But some

people refuse because they think they can’t afford it. Despite the expense,

there are many advantages to have the second child. For one thing, the only

child can have someone company, so they won’t feel lonely on the process of

growing up. For another thing, two kids will help each other, they can share

things together. Learning to share things is a very important lesson for

children. In Chinese tradition, more kids, more better, but I think two are

perfect for the family.

Today, as the economy develops fast, people can buy what they need, the

producers provide them all the new things, so the factory produce many products,

in order to make the biggest profit, they don’t deal with the pollution. Water

gets polluted, it does harm to people’s health, we drink water everyday, the

government controls the producers to figure out some ways to deal with the water

pollution.

Mid-autumn Day is a Chinese festival. It usually comes in September or

October .On that day we usually eat a big dinner and mooncakes. It is said "Hou

Yi" missed his wife，so he made mooncakes. It looks like the moon.

There are many kinds of mooncakes. They are small round cakes with meat，

nuts or something sweet inside . eating mooncakes has been our custom. Families

stay outside in the open air eat a big dinner and mooncakes. The most important

thing is looking at the moon， On that day， the moon kooks brighter and rounder.

We call this moon the full moon.

On that day， families get together， so we call this day getting together.

This is Mid-autumn Day. I love it very much. Because on that day I can eat

mooncakes. And my brother comes back home. He works outside all year. Only that

day and the Spring Festival. He comes back. So that day I am especially happy.

On that day my family gets together.

英语词语之间的语义相似度研究课题作为自然语言处理和计算机人工智能的基础性研究[1?3]，如选取、搜索、分类以及歧义消除等，需要依赖于包含现实世界概念的知识体系[4]。英语词语的相似度是对英语词语之间语义相似紧密程度的度量，在机器翻译、数据信息检索等方面具有重要的实用价值[5]。在不同的实际应用场景中，英语词语相似度具有不同的用途[6]。另外，在构造统计英语词语语言模型的过程中，由于数据分布稀疏导致未登录英语词语的统计信息无法计算的问题[7]，需要进行高相似度英语词语自主选取系统设计。在国内，随着计算机人工智能的不断发展，更准确地进行高相似度英语词语自主选取系统设计引起了很多国内外专家与学者的重视。

文献[8]提出基于朴素贝叶斯的高相似度英语词语自主选取系统设计，首先介绍知网中的英语词语相似度基本概念和体系结构，利用知网的义原层次体系结构计算得到英语词语的义原相似度，计算出英语词语概念的相似度；然后通过支持向量机分类器完成自主选取系统设计。该方法较为简单，但是存在英语词语相似度计算不清的问题，导致在自主选取過程中准确率不高。文献[9]提出基于Corpus库的高相似度英语词语自主选取系统设计，首先构建英语词语语义关联库，利用该库使英语词语空间与关系空间结构化，保存英语词语与其上下文之间的总体信息，通过阅读大量的英语词语语料数据来训练相似度英语词语的相关数据，并对训练过程中涌现的大量英语词语关系进行剪裁，利用朴素贝叶斯分类器完成对高相似度英语词语的自主选取。该方法存在对高相似度英语词语的自主选取时间过长，且英语词语的相似度计算准确率较低的问题。

针对上述问题，本文提出一种基于数据挖掘的高相似度英语词语自主选取系统设计方法，所提系统设计方法可以精确地选取出高相似度英语词语，且选取时间较短，实用性广泛。

1 高相似度英语词语自主选取系统设计

1.1 高相似度英语词语选取系统设计endprint

考虑到人们对高相似度英语词语自主选取系统设计需求的精准性与灵活性[10]，将英语词语的相似度计算结果与数据挖掘特点相结合，设计出一种高相似度英语词语自主选取系统，如图1所示。

本文高相似度英语词语的自主选取系统设计对硬件系统设计不作考量，主要研究软件和算法。

1.2 基于路径和深度的英语词语高相似度计算方法

1.3 基于数据挖掘的高相似度英语词语自主选取

为了能够有效地在网络中挖掘出高相似度英语词语，在处理两个英语词语义项的最短路径与其距离最近公共父节点的基础上，利用数据挖掘将英语词语文本特征选择转换为一个多目标优化问题；然后以英语词语特征维数最少、分类正确率相对最高为选取标准，采用蚁群算法找到英语词语的最优特征子集；最后通过神经网络建立英语词语相似度文本自动分类器。具体描述过程如下：

式中：[σ]为英语词语神经网络隐节点宽度；[c]表示英语词语第[r]个神经网络隐节点中点；[w]为英语词语神经网络输出权值。参数[w，][c，][σ]对神经网络分类起决定性作用，要想获得高性能神经网络，需要对参数进行优化。在此基础上完成对高相似度英语词语的自主选择。

2 实验结果与分析

实验环境建立的PC机配置为：CPU Core i7?4790 3.60 GHz，RAM=4 GB，Windows7操作系统，通过Java语言编写实现。实验过程中设置32个存储节点，每个节点的最大存储容量为1 TB，数据通道为2 000 Mb/s，英语词语文本采集与数据存储均为10 TB。根据参与对比的系统设计使用的英语词语语义资源所收录的英语词语情况，本文从该英语词语测试集中筛选出一些无法计算的英语词语对，最终结果保留10对英语词语用于测试，如表1所示。

从表1中可以看出，[S1]的英语词语相似度计算结果在数值上普遍较低，主要是由于基于Corpus库的高相似度英语词语自主选取系统设计方法考虑众多英语词语特征，加上一些其他干扰因素的影响，从而造成英语词语特征高维向量的相似度普遍偏低；[S2]数值跨度较大，这是由于基于百度百科的高相似度英语词语自主选取系统设计方法通常情况下在某些方面与人工思维没有较好的符合。

利用1.3节中的平衡最大英语词语特征识别率与英语词语特征维数的权值[λ，]对高相似度英语词语自主选取系统设计方法的选取效率影响，如图2所示。

由图2可知，选取参与测试的英语词语数据集为700个，选取英语词语测试数据为200，400，600时对应的高相似度英语词语自主选取系统设计的选取效率，其中，当[λ=1]时，高相似度英语词语自主选取系统设计的选取效率分别为30%，38%和60%；当[λ=3]时，高相似度英语词语自主选取系统设计的选取效率分别为42%，48%和72%；当[λ=5]时，当高相似度英语词语自主选取系统设计的选取效率分别为60%，70%和90%。通过分析可知平衡最大英语词语特征识别率与英语词语特征维数的权值[λ]在区间[1，5]时，本文所提系统设计方法的选取效率最高。

3 结 语

采用当前系统设计方法对高相似度英语词语进行自主选取时，存在选取效率低、选取时间过长等问题。本文提出基于数据挖掘的高相似度英语词语自主选取系统设计方法。通过实验证明，所提系统设计方法可精确地对高相似度英语词语进行自主选取，具有良好的应用价值。

Whats your favoured job after your graduation? Whats your career plan

after working in a company? Both of the questions are related with university

students seeking jobs problems. Its very tough when confront with those

questions. As a junior/senior student,I would love to say something as

following:

A part of students are aim too high.They always want to find easy and

comfortable jobs with high salary.But, they neglect they are just undergraduates

who lack of real experience in a company. Aim too high but lack of real

experience leads them to be frustrated:they cant find their suitable jobs and

are not interested low-salary jobs. Its a real situation in our current

society. The best solution is that our undergraduates should change their minds.

The new minds is that to be capable before getting high salary.

There is also a issue should be pay attention to. Some advertisements

say:"Only men available". Thats gender discrimination which couldnt be occured

in the modern society. With the development of our society,our women s ability

are also enhancing. Some women even can do some jobs which men couldnt do well.

It not easy to solve the gender discrimination.It needs our governments help,

our government should do some propaganda about gender eq equal and make some

rules for the companies.

“诚乃立身之本，信为道德之基”要讲诚信，做有道德。

最近，我读了一则小故事，故事是说国内小有名气的教授在授课时讲述的在留学时一段不光彩的。教授在法国留学期间当地的车站大都没设检票口，也检票员，他就经常性地逃票。偶尔会被查到，但他抱着侥幸心理逃票。数年，当他以优异的毕业后，充满自信地巴黎公司的大门时，公司却因信用不良而拒绝了他。后来他终于明白，正是那种侥幸的心理他。事例，千万别拿诚信开玩笑，也不要。诚信是道路，开拓者的脚步延伸;诚信是智慧，博学者的求索积累;诚信是，奋进者的拼搏临近;诚信是财富的种子，只要你诚心种下，金库的钥匙。

诚信的故事就在身边，记得有测验后，老师宣布了得满分的同学名单。“咦?我明明错了一道题，应该98分呀!”被报到名字的同学一边说一边讲台，“老师，这道题我做错了呀。”那位同学诚实地指出了试卷上的错误。幕，同学们不约而同地鼓起了掌。同学试卷上的满分，但他却了道德上的满分。在身边，却各类自作聪明和事，那边就有和老师大声理论呢，“这道题我错呀!老师你看，得数明明是‘111’，你肯定是批错了。”同学一边说，一边还露出委屈的神情，其实他心里正为在“11”后面加了个“1”而得意着呢!老师听了后，推了推眼镜，仔细查看了试卷，又翻出还没下发的草稿纸，语重心长地指出了那位同学草稿纸上竖式的错误原因。那位同学自知理亏，低着头，胀红了脸，羞愧地走下讲台，真是聪明反被聪明误。

诚信钥匙，能人与人的那扇门;诚信又像石子，能填补人与人的空隙。让从开始，勇敢事实与真理，做诚实的有道德，诚信比智谋。

My father likes to watch all kinds of sports, so when I spend the time with

him, we watch the match together. The Summer Olympic Games is coming soon, I

feel so excited, my father will follow the games and I will company him. It is a

great time for both of us. We share our opinion and talk like friends.

Transportation has been greatly changed in the past few years. In ancient days, people used to travel by horse or carriage. The journey was often tiring and tedious. Then people had buses, trains and ships, which could shorten the time of the long-distance trip. Now we have not only more private cars, but also planes and high-speed rails. All of these modern transports could offer us a quick and pleasant travel. Thus, more and more people enjoy traveling very much these days. In conclusion, modern transportation has completely changed our life. Thanks to modern transportation, our world is becoming smaller and smaller.

敲响那一排铜质的编钟，浑厚而清亮的左音右韵由远及近，穿越五千年悠悠岁月和七十年缤纷花季，在河之洲，水之湄，山之阳，海之滨，泛起层层涟漪，响起阵阵回声，在亿万炎黄子孙的心中凝结一个主题:祖国母亲! 我们以《诗经》关睢的歌喉;以屈原《橘颂》的音韵;以古风与乐府、律诗与散曲;以京剧与秦腔、梆子与鼓词唱您历史恢宏岁月的辉煌，唱响您壮丽的山河亮丽的风景。

我们以岳飞的一阕《满江红》，以文天祥的一腔《正气歌》，以鲁迅的一声《呐喊》，以朱自清的一道《背影》唱响您不屈的脊梁与骨气，唱响您不屈的尊严与神圣。

我们以瞿秋白手中的那束野花;以身上的那份清贫;以杨靖宇腹中的那些草根;以刘志丹胸前的那块补丁;以焦裕禄窗前的那盏油灯;以孔繁森雪原上留下的那串脚印，唱响您的坚韧与顽强，唱响您的灵魂与精神。

亲爱的祖国，让我们以采薇采茶采桑的手，编织彩灯云锦;让我们以喊江喊海的喉咙，在金黄季节里黄金般的早晨，唱响国歌和飘扬的五星红旗，唱响千百年来朝朝暮暮澎湃的激情。

黄河猛、长江壮、泰山雄、昆仑莽，万里山河浩浩荡荡从天安门前走过，走过一队队雷锋，走过一队队徐洪刚，走过一队队李向群，走过一队队方红霄——走出中国人民最风流最风光最风情的步伐;走出中华民族最壮观最壮美的方阵!仰望蓝天，“神州飞船”，太空穿梭;俯瞰大地、三峡工程，旷世神奇。

亲爱的祖国，五千年的蕴涵和积淀，七十年的扬弃和继承，一个东方巨人到了可以说“不!”可以发言的时候。您聚集当今世界上最多最广的人气和景气，不管风吹浪打胜似闲庭信步，和平与发展是您热切表达的心声!您不卑不亢不躁不惊，以坦荡豁达和深邃、闲静，阔步在新世纪的黎明! 在“十九大”的东风劲吹中，新一代的中国领导人正继往开来带领着中华民族走向新的辉煌。

Now the earth is in bad condition。 For example， in some places， the air and

water pollution is so serious that it causes many deaths。 At the same time， many

animals and plants are in danger because of the destruction of their

habitats。

Luckily， we human beings have realized the problem。 On April 22nd， millions

of people across the world do something good for the earth。 Some clean up

beaches and water， some pick up rubbish， others give speeches to call on more

people to take action。 But can we save the earth only by one day’s work? The

future of our planet depends on our efforts。 What we should do is to make every

day Earth Day。 Only by taking good care of it every day can we hope to live in

harmony with nature。

November 11 is Bachelor’s Day, it is a joke that shopping can make up the

loneliness on that day, the manufacturers sense the great business, so they give

great discount on that day, people are attracting by the discount, they buy a

lot of things on that special day. But we known that people lose their wisdom

when they buy things, most things are useless.

Today, shopping online brings great discount, the price of the product will

be cheaper online, so people like to shopping online. When the holiday comes,

the products even get cheaper, customers always wait for the chance to pay the

lower price. It is said that as so many buy things on Bachelor’s Day, the

express delivery congested, customers got their stuff very late. It is more

ridiculous that a couple divorced because the wife bought too many things

online.

Now December 12 is coming soon, the discount is being presented, it is a

great lure that customers can’t control themselves. Shopping online should be

rational, we just buy what we need, the rest even is cheaper, but without value,

we must realize is a waste.

Now, we can get cheaper stuff not only online, we should control ourselves,

we buy what we are using, we can use the money to do meaning thing.

Nowadays, electronic music is very popular around the world. First electronic music got popular from Lady Gaga, her creative dressing styles caught people’s attention and then people started to notice her music. They fell in love with her electronic music. Unlike rock and roll music, electronic music is more favorable by me. It makes me excited and I am totally lost in the wonderful music. Once my friends and I went to a music festival. There were so many people standing there and listening to the music. Especially when the DJ came out and everybody got excited. When the DJ played electronic music, my friends and I shook our bodies and joined the crowd to dance. It was such a wonderful experience for me. I will never forget the power of electronic music. It brings people together and share the same emotion.

电子音乐现在在世界各地都很受欢迎。电子音乐是从Lady Gaga开始流行的，她奇特的穿衣风格引起了人们的注意，然后大家开始注意到了她的音乐，并且爱上了她的电子音乐。它跟摇滚音乐不一样，我更加喜欢电子音乐，这可以让我兴奋。我完全迷失在美妙的音乐中。有一次我和我的朋友们去了一个音乐节。很多人站在那里听音乐。特别是当DJ出来时，每个人都很兴奋。DJ播放电子音乐时，我和我的朋友都扭动着身体，加入了人群中跳起舞来。这对我来说是那么奇妙的经历。我永远不会忘记电子音乐的力量，它使人与人走到一起，分享着相同的情感。

We now phone really is also very useful, very convenient, no matter the

ends of the earth, can be reached, the letters can be more convenient than

before. It may be said "near", the world we live in on the mobile phone signal

under siege. It has the function of strong, is not a tool and a...

But mobile phones bring us, all is not good, sometimes is bad. Mobile phone

has changed many peoples ideas, it is also restricted the people,

Imagine what the poet tao yuanming described vividly in his "tori picking",

will have a cell phone rings? Li bai in exclamation "bowed their heads and

remembering home", someone will make a phone call for he will be home to have a

look? Must not! And they have lots of classical poems, we are now living in an

age of han han and guo jingming, no one to appreciate those celebrities yake

excellent poems.

Mobile phones has both advantages and disadvantages, we should properly use

cell phone to, can not afford to indulge in a world of mobile phone.

An essential quality for young people is diligence.Nowdays,the issue on the

most important personal quality of young people is highly debatable,and ideas

vary from peerson to person. Some would claim that confidence is the most

essential. But for my part,the most essential quality for young people is

diligence that helps us a lot.

Diligence enables us to academic results. As we all know,academic results

requires lots of researches. An ancient calligraphy,named Wang Xizhi,devoted

lots of his time practicing writing. As is known to us all,he dried his pool

with his writing brush day after day. Though diligence,he became the greatest

calligraphy,finally.

Deligence helps us to achieve better scores in school. Last semester,one of

my fellow students failed to pass the Listening cours. In fact, questions set in

that paper were not very difficultt. If she had spent a little more time

listening rather than watching TV at her dorm,she could have passed the exam. On

the other hand,one of my roomates worked hard every day and got a high

score.

Diligence provides us more chancs to be succeed. As the saying goes “The

early bird catch the worm”. A diligent man may get up early and have more time

to improve himself. And that is the key to be succeed. If

we spend some time observing people around us,we can easily find some

people,just like Li Jiachen,are diligence and successful.

All in all,as a young people,once we have cultivated the essential quality

of diligence,we can achieve academic achievements,get a high score and have more

chances to be succeed. Once we have this essential quality:diligence,it do helps

us a lot in many ways.

It is believed that the computer is bringing the world into a brand new

era. At the time the computer was invented, scientists, marveling at its

calculating speed, felt that they had created a miracle. Nowadays, the function

of the computer is no longer confined to calculation; it permeates people’s

daily lives and has become an inseparable part of human society.

People become so heavily dependent on computers that it is hard to imagine

the life without computers. Therefore, some people are worried that “The real

danger is not that the computer will think like man, but man will think like the

computer.”

Their concern does make sense. Indeed, some people spend such a long time

working on computers that they have few interactions with people in real life.

According to a research, too many hours in front of a computer may lead to a

poker face and interpersonal isolation. This fact should arouse our attention,

because unlike computers, human beings are social creatures that need emotional

connections with others.

Yet, it is also unnecessary for us to be overwhelmed by the negative

impacts of computers. After all, we humans are intelligent and will be able to

figure out better ways to make improvements.

In daily life we are often faced with choices.More often than not,we have

to make cardinal decisions indepentently.This moment is very important for

everyone to go through.

In order to make a decision that we will not regret,we should bear these

two principles in mind:thinking before acting,and never missing any

opportunities that arise.On one hand,we should have an apparent,objective

judgment about ourselves while maintaining a clear idea about the world around

us.On the other hand,we should also think about opportunity.Many people may not

quite agree with this and think that opportunity is so rare that only the

luckiest people come across it.However,opportunity is open to everyone and one

should make good use of it when confronted with it.One should take advantage of

it just like the proverb states:“Opportunities are only from the prepared

minds.”

So when one is faced with choices the next time,remember that using the

mind and taking advantage of good opportunities will pave the way to

success.

When I was very small, I lived in my hometown. My grandparents raised two

dogs, and I liked them very much. I watched them grow up from the little animals

to the big dogs. Every time when I leaved home for school, they would follow me

for some distance. When I walked a little far away, they would turn home. When I

went home after school, they would wait for me in the door and swayed their

tails. I knew they were welcoming me home. They were like my family members and

I learned that animals are part of our nature. We should protect them. We can

create a harmonious society.

I have aDream, my dream is to be a principal, my idea of the

principal.

If my dream come true, I when the headmaster of the school environment must

be very beautiful. School has the clear pond, pond with many kind of lotus,

pink, pale white, pretty great. There will be a long stream, streams around the

lawn, with green grass, and flowers blooming. Students class is over can rest,

play here. Im sure they will like very much, because here just like staying in

nature.

If my dream come true, I when the President of the school there will be

many interesting things. We have a special robot, for example, they can go to

the management education of the naughty children, let them know how to study

well. We have professional gym, rain or shine, we can here on physical education

students. And specialized laboratories, to every time science class, every

student can personally to do experiments, so that they can learn better!

If my dream come true, I when the President of the students in the school

is also very lovely, they carefully in class, homework do very well, too, know

to study hard. And are very polite, very likes to help others. Other people say

I of the students in the school is the best!

This is my dream, now, I will study hard, toward the great and beautiful

dream day day up. My dream can be realized at an early time.

Dear mother:

Hello

Dear mother, you have given me life, and my body has run through your

blood. It is your milk, heart, blood, tears and sweat that have become the

greatest liquid of human life and have nurtured me. It is you who feed me from a

hungry child to a primary school student.

Dear mother, there are many kinds of love in the world, but maternal love

is the most selfless, sincere, broadest and most merciful. When praising the

affection of human beings, you are the eternal theme. When you sing the sincere

love of the world, your love is called the first love in the world. Selfless is

your character, dedication is your feelings. You are the embodiment of goodness.

You are a symbol of greatness. Everything beautiful in women is condensed in

your image.

My dear mother, though the hardships of life have made your hands rough,

however, these hands are still so gentle, it always soothes my heart and gives

me infinite comfort; although the heavy work makes your head white hair, but the

body is still like the wing, caring for me all the time. The hard work of hard

work makes your face wrinkle. However, the face is still so kind. It teaches me

the true meaning of life and gives me confidence and strength at all times.

My dear mother, you are the resting place for your daughter. You are the

harbor for your daughter to escape from the wind. With you, our home will be

peaceful and warm. With you, our family will be happy and happy.

Dear mother, your great love is the greatest and selfless, your love in the

heart of the daughter turned from the bottom of the heart from the bottom of the

heart out - only the mother is good, the mother of the child like a treasure,

into the mothers embrace can not enjoy happiness.

Some think we should try to help strangers. Helping others is a virtue，and

helping others is helping ourselves.We may come across some trouble and need

others help some day.If everyone isnt willing to help us just because we are

strangers to them，its hard to imagine what our world will be like.However，some

are afraid that helping others can sometimes bring us trouble.Sometimes we are

just misunderstood and even have to pay the cost of kindness.In my opinion，we

should try our best to help others when they are in need of help，but we should

also protect ourselves from getting into trouble.If everyone tries a little

kindness，our world will be full of love.

Because of the high developing speed of the world, pressure has become a

serious problem in nowadays. As our students, we also have to face with much

pressure, such as the study pressure, exam pressure,relationship pressure and so

on. But how can we cope with pressure? This is the most important.

Firstly, we should face the pressure appropriately. Pressure is inevitable

in our daily life, so we cant be afraid of them and try our best to cope with

them. Secondly, tell our pressure to others. Talking is a very effective way to

ease pressure, and during the talking, we may get some suggestions and

solutions. Finally, trust ourselves. We should believe ourselves that we can

deal with any troubles by ourselves or by others help.