英语论文摘要格式规范标准（最新20篇）

Low carbon life is popular nowadays. Its aim is to reduce the energy in our

daily life, especially reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide. It is well-known

that the air pollution is more and more serious. So we should do something to

protect our earth.

Firstly,we should take more bus instead of driving cars. As people’s living

standard has improved, there are more and more people driving private cars. This

phenomenon is one of the causes for air pollution. Because its gas will produce

lots of carbon dioxide, which may enventually lead to air pollution. Secondly,

when we leave our house or classroom, we would better turn of the lights, fans

or airconditioning.

To make our unique earth better, we should appeal people to live a low

carbon life. It is also will be the main trends in the future. Let’s do

something for our mother earth.

Every year, the thing I expect the most is the Spring Festival. My parents

work far from home and they come back one or two times a year. The Spring

Festival is the time they come home. Every time they come back, they bring mangy

things to me. When I was little, they bought me toys, new clothes and shoes.

Now, they often buy me books. They say more reading is good for me. They hope I

can learn more. The time spend with them is always happy but short. They only

have half a month at home. I hope they can stay at home longer.

Nowadays, the problem of college students employment becoming more and

more serious. About a decade ago, university students could find satisfactory

and enviable jobs after graduation, while at current situation, about 30% of

graduate students can’t find a job but stay at home after graduation.

Employment difficulty of college students is due to the following reasons.

Among these, the increasing recruitment of colleges and universities plays a

vital role. In addition, many colleges and universities fail to adapt their

courses to the development of economy.

Considering such a rough job market, I think it is high time that we took

effective measures to solve the problem. Above all, college students should

realize their own defects and further improve themselves to keep their

competitive edge in society.

Moreover, colleges or universities should provide more trainings and

internship opportunities before the students enter the society. Besides, college

students should hold a right attitude towards jobs and set their job

expectations at a suitable level.

Only through these ways can the college students find a satisfactory job

and have a brighter future.

The Dragon Boat Festival is one of the most popular traditional festivals

celebrated in China, which is on the fifth of the fifth lunar month, also known

as Duanwu Festival. It’s said that it is to commemorate the death of a Chinese

patriotic poet, Qu Yuan, who was snared by corrupt officials in ancient China

and finally committed suicide by drowning himself in the Miluo River to protest

against them.

The traditions and customs held on this festival differ from place to

place, but there are some common in them. First, the most famous and great

tradition is holding Dragon Boat races, which are held by fishermen’s attempt to

protect Qu Yuan’s body against attacking by fishes and other animals in the

river by beating drums and row the dragon shaped boat. Nowadays dragon boat

races have been an annual popular sport activity among people. In addition,

making and eating Zongzi—a dumpling made of glutinous rice and wrapped in bamboo

or reed leaves—is also a popular custom during this day. It can be made by many

kinds of stuffing. What’s more, hanging herbs on the front door, drinking

realgar wine and pasting up picture of Zhongkui—a mythic guardian figure in

ancient china—are also popular during the festival, which are mean to protect

people from evil and disease.

These customs and traditions have been changed a little in recent years,

but they still make contribution to the spread and inheritance of Chinese

culture.

My Mother is a kind of gentle woman. She is always very gentle. She takes

good care of her children and keeps them all at school. I have one brother and

two sistets. So she gets four children in all. She gives us every comfort. We

all love her and she loves us also.

My mother has too much to do in bringing us up. As our family is too poor

to keep a servant, my mother has always to do very much work. She gets up very

early and sleeps very late every day. She works hard, yet without

complaining.

She is also a thrifty, and industrious woman. She saves every cent that she

can and keeps everything in order. As she has been busy eversince she was young,

she looks older than she really is. Her face is wrinkled, her hair becomes

silver white, but she works as hard as ever.

Often she says to us, "work while you work, play while you play. If you do

not work, you will become lazy and of no use to society." What piece of good

advice this is! We must worth it well and always keep it in our mind.

Today is March 8, International Womens Day is to commemorate the world of

working women to fight for peace and democracy, womens liberation struggle

holiday.

Since yesterday, I discussed with my father on how to make my mother happy

over the holiday. I would first make a suggestion: "Give my mother to buy a new

phone." Dad thought for a moment, said: "Mom bought a mobile phone soon, you can

use, there is no need to change." Dad said: "We go out to buy some cosmetics,

her mother there." I am opposed to: "Moms cosmetics too much, many of which are

not all useful." My Father and I are anxious, and in the end what got her point?

We simply asked her what he wanted bar. But my mother said: "I do not want to

buy, I just want to sleep." I do not know why my mother this way, but I know my

mother is very hard to control more than 300 college students, daytime talk,

meetings, writing papers, fill out information and give students lessons, etc.

in the evening and students should check the study up the bedroom. If it is me,

I would like the mother, in addition to want to sleep, the other wants to do

nothing.

However, I and Dad are determined to give my mother, "International Womens

Day" gifts, things came back to buy her mother was shocked at my father bought a

goggles and a pillow, my mother smiled.

I wish Mom "Womens Day" Happy!

The Qingming (Pure Brightness) Festival is one of the 24 solar terms in

China, falling on April 4-6 each year. After the festival, the temperature will

rise up and rainfall increase. It is the high time for spring plowing and

sowing. In the past, the Qingming Festival was called “Arbor Day”, but since

1979, “Arbor Day” was settled on March 12 according to the Gregorian

calendar.

But the Qingming Festival is not only a solar term to guide farm work, it

is more a festival of commemoration. It sees a combination of sadness and

happiness. This is the most important day of sacrifice. Both the Han and

minority ethnic groups at this time offer sacrifices to their ancestors and

sweep the tombs of the diseased. On each Qingming Festival, all cemeteries are

crowded with people who come to sweep tombs and offer sacrifices, but the

customs have been greatly simplified today. After slightly sweeping the tombs,

people offer food, flowers, then burn incense and ghost money. In short, it’s a

time to cherish the memory of our ancestors and show our respect to them. Also,

it’s a time for family gathering.

My grandparents believed you were either honest or you werent. There was

no in between. They had a simple motto hanging on their living-room wall: "Life

is like a field of newly fallen snow; where I choose to walk every step will

show. "They didnt have to talk about it--they demonstratedthe motto by the way

they lived. They understood instinctively that integrity means having a personal

standard of morality and ethics that does not sell out to expediency and that is

not relative to the situation at hand. Integrity is an inner standard for

judging your behavior.Unfortunately, integrity is in short supply today--and

getting scarcer. But it is the real bottom line in every area of society.And it

is something we must demand of ourselves.

A good test for this value is to look at what I call the Integrity Trial,

which consists of three key principles: Stand firmly for your convictions in the

face of personal pressure.

When you know youre right, you cant back down. Always give others credit

that is rightfully theirs. Dont be afraid of those who might have a better idea

or who might even be smarter than you are. Be honest and open about who you

really are. People who lack genuine core values rely on external factors--their

looks or status---in order to feel good about themselves. Inevitably they will

do everything they can to preserve this facade,but they will do very little to

develop their inner value and personal growth.

So be yourself. Dont engage in a personal cover-up of areas that are

unpleasing in your life. When its tough, do it tough. In other words, face

reality and be adult in your responses to lifes challenges.

Self-respect and a clear conscience are powerful components of integrity

and are the basis for enriching your relationships with others.

Integrity means you do what you do because its right and not just

fashionable or politically correct. A life of principle, of not succumbing to

the seductive sirens of an easy morality,will always win the day. My

grandparents taught me that.

语言和内容是评判一篇英语论文质量高低的重要依据;但是,写作格式规范与否亦是一个不可忽略的衡量标准。小编收集了英语论文的格式与写作方法，欢迎阅读。

一、英语论文的标题

一篇较长的英语论文(如英语毕业论文)一般都需要标题页,其书写格式如下:第一行标题与打印纸顶端的距离约为打印纸全长的三分之一,与下行(通常为by,居中)的距离则为5cm,第三、第四行分别为作者姓名及日期(均居中)。如果该篇英语论文是学生针对某门课程而写,则在作者姓名与日期之间还需分别打上教师学衔及其姓名(如:Dr./Prof.C.Prager)及本门课程的编号或名称(如:English 734或British Novel)。打印时,如无特殊要求,每一行均需double space,即隔行打印,行距约为0.6cm(论文其他部分行距同此)。

就学生而言,如果英语论文篇幅较短,亦可不做标题页(及提纲页),而将标题页的内容打在正文第一页的左上方。第一行为作者姓名,与打印纸顶端距离约为2.5cm,以下各行依次为教师学衔和姓、课程编号(或名称)及日期;各行左边上下对齐,并留出2.5cm左右的页边空白(下同)。接下来便是论文标题及正文(日期与标题之间及标题与正文第一行之间只需隔行打印,不必留出更多空白)。

二、英语论文提纲

英语论文提纲页包括论题句及提纲本身,其规范格式如下:先在第一行(与打印纸顶端的距离仍为2.5cm左右)的始端打上 Thesis 一词及冒号,空一格后再打论题句,回行时左边须与论题句的第一个字母上下对齐。主要纲目以大写罗马数字标出,次要纲目则依次用大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字和小写英文字母标出。各数字或字母后均为一句点,空出一格后再打该项内容的第一个字母;处于同一等级的纲目,其上下行左边必须对齐。需要注意的是,同等重要的纲目必须是两个以上,即:有Ⅰ应有Ⅱ,有A应有B,以此类推。如果英文论文提纲较长,需两页纸,则第二页须在右上角用小写罗马数字标出页码,即ii(第一页无需标页码)。

三、英语论文正文

有标题页和提纲页的英语论文,其正文第一页的规范格式为:论文标题居中,其位置距打印纸顶端约5cm,距正文第一行约1.5cm。段首字母须缩进五格,即从第六格打起。正文第一页不必标页码(但应计算其页数),自第二页起,必须在每页的右上角(即空出第一行,在其后部)打上论文作者的姓,空一格后再用阿拉伯数字标出页码;阿拉伯数字(或其最后一位)应为该行的最后一个空格。在打印正文时尚需注意标点符号的打印格式,即:句末号(句号、问号及感叹号)后应空两格,其他标点符号后则空一格。

四、英语论文的文中引述

正确引用作品原文或专家、学者的论述是写好英语论文的重要环节;既要注意引述与论文的有机统一,即其逻辑性,又要注意引述格式 (即英语论文参考文献)的规范性。引述别人的观点,可以直接引用,也可以间接引用。无论采用何种方式,论文作者必须注明所引文字的作者和出处。目前美国学术界通行的做法是在引文后以圆括弧形式注明引文作者及出处。现针对文中引述的不同情况,将部分规范格式分述如下。

1.若引文不足三行,则可将引文有机地融合在论文中。如:

The divorce of Arnolds personal desire from his inheritance results in “the familiar picture of Victorian man alone in an alien universe”(Roper9).

这里,圆括弧中的Roper为引文作者的姓(不必注出全名);阿拉伯数字为引文出处的页码(不要写成p.9);作者姓与页码之间需空一格,但不需任何标点符号;句号应置于第二个圆括弧后。

2.被引述的文字如果超过三行,则应将引文与论文文字分开,如下例所示:

Whitman has proved himself an eminent democratic representative and precursor, and his “Democratic Vistas”

is an admirable and characteristic

diatribe. And if one is sorry that in it

Whitman is unable to conceive the

extreme crises of society, one is certain

that no society would be tolerable whoses

citizens could not find refreshment in its

buoyant democratic idealism.(Chase 165)

这里的格式有两点要加以注意。一是引文各行距英语论文的左边第一个字母十个空格,即应从第十一格打起;二是引文不需加引号,末尾的句号应标在最后一个词后。

3.如需在引文中插注,对某些词语加以解释,则要使用方括号(不可用圆括弧)。如:

Dr.Beaman points out that“he [Charles Darw in] has been an important factor in the debate between evolutionary theory and biblical creationism”(9).

值得注意的是,本例中引文作者的姓已出现在引导句中,故圆括弧中只需注明引文出处的页码即可。

4.如果拟引用的文字中有与论文无关的词语需要删除,则需用省略号。如果省略号出现在引文中则用三个点,如出现在引文末,则用四个点,最后一点表示句号,置于第二个圆括弧后(一般说来,应避免在引文开头使用省略号);点与字母之间,或点与点之间都需空一格。如:

Mary Shelley hated tyranny and“looked upon the poor as pathetic victims of the social system and upon the rich and highborn...with undisguised scorn and contempt...(Nitchie 43).

5.若引文出自一部多卷书,除注明作者姓和页码外,还需注明卷号。如:

Professor Chen Jias A History of English Literature aimed to give Chinese readers“a historical survey of English literature from its earliest beginnings down to the 20thcentury”(Chen,1:i).

圆括弧里的1为卷号,小写罗马数字i为页码,说明引文出自第1卷序言(引言、序言、导言等多使用小写的罗马数字标明页码)。此外,书名 A History of English Literature 下划了线;规范的格式是:书名,包括以成书形式出版的作品名(如《失乐园》)均需划线,或用斜体字;其他作品,如诗歌、散文、短篇小说等的标题则以双引号标出,如“To Autumn”及前面出现的“Democratic Vistas”等。

6.如果英语论文中引用了同一作者的两篇或两篇以上的作品,除注明引文作者及页码外,还要注明作品名。如:

Bacon condemned Platoas“an obstacle to science”(Farrington, Philosophy 35).

Farrington points out that Aristotles father Nicomachus, a physician, probably trained his son in medicine(Aristotle 15).

这两个例子分别引用了Farrington的两部著作,故在各自的圆括弧中分别注出所引用的书名,以免混淆。两部作品名均为缩写形式(如书名太长,在圆括弧中加以注明时均需使用缩写形式),其全名分别为 Founder of Scientific Philosophy 及 The Philosophy of Francis Baconand Aristotle。

7.评析诗歌常需引用原诗句,其引用格式如下例所示。

When Beowulf dives upwards through the water and reaches the surface,“The surging waves, great tracts of water, / were all cleansed...”(1.1620-21).

这里,被引用的诗句以斜线号隔开,斜线号与前后字母及标点符号间均需空一格;圆括弧中小写的1是line的缩写;21不必写成1621。如果引用的诗句超过三行,仍需将引用的诗句与论文文字分开(参见第四项第2点内容)。

五、英语论文的文献目录

论文作者在正文之后必须提供论文中全部引文的详细出版情况,即文献目录页。美国高校一般称此页为 Works Cited, 其格式须注意下列几点:

1.目录页应与正文分开,另页打印,置于正文之后。

2.目录页应视为英语论文的一页,按论文页码的顺序在其右上角标明论文作者的姓和页码;如果条目较多,不止一页,则第一页不必标出作者姓和页码(但必须计算页数),其余各页仍按顺序标明作者姓和页码。标题Works Cited与打印纸顶端的距离约为2.5cm,与第一条目中第一行的距离仍为0.6cm;各条目之间及各行之间的距离亦为0.6cm,不必留出更多空白。

3.各条目内容顺序分别为作者姓、名、作品名、出版社名称、出版地、出版年份及起止页码等;各条目应严格按各作者姓的首字母顺序排列,但不要给各条目编码,也不必将书条与杂志、期刊等条目分列。

4.各条目第一行需顶格打印,回行时均需缩进五格,以将该条目与其他条目区分开来。

现将部分较为特殊的条目分列如下,并略加说明,供读者参考。

Two or More Books by the Same Author

Brooks, Cleanth. Fundamentals of Good Writing: A

Handbook of Modern Rhetoric. NewYork: Harcourt, 1950.

---The Hidden God: Studies in Hemingway, Faulkner, Yeats,

Eliot, and Warren. New Haven: Yale UP,1963.

引用同一作者的多部著作,只需在第一条目中注明该作者姓名,余下各条目则以三条连字符及一句点代替该作者姓名;各条目须按书名的第一个词(冠词除外)的字母顺序排列。

An Author with an Editor

Shake speare, William. The Tragedy of Macbeth. Ed. Louis B.

Wright. New York: Washington Square, 1959.

本条目将作者 Shakespeare 的姓名排在前面,而将编者姓名(不颠倒)放在后面,表明引文出自 The Tragedy of Macbeth;如果引文出自编者写的序言、导言等,则需将编者姓名置前,如:

Blackmur, Richard P.Introduction. The Art of the Novel:

Critical Prefaces. By Henry James. New York: Scribners,

1962.vii-xxxix.

如果引言与著作为同一人所写,则其格式如下例所示(By后只需注明作者姓即可):

Emery, Donald. Preface. English Fundamentals. By Emery.

London: Macmillan, 1972.v-vi.

A Multivolume Work

Browne, Thomas. The Works of Sir Thomas Browne. Ed.

Geoffrey Keynes. 4 vols. London: Faber, 1928.

Browne, Thomas. The Works of Sir Thomas Browne. Ed.

Geoffrey Keynes. Vol.2. London: Faber, 1928. 4 vols.

第一条目表明该著作共4卷,而论文作者使用了各卷内容;第二条目则表明论文作者只使用了第2卷中的内容。

A Selection from an Anthology

Abram, M. H.“English Romanticism: The Spirit of the Age.”

Romanticism Reconsidered. Ed. Northrop Frye. New

York: Columbia UP,1963.63-88.

被引用的英语论文名须用引号标出,并注意将英语论文名后的句点置于引号内。条目末尾必须注明该文在选集中的起止页码。

Articles in Journals, Magazines, and Newspapers

Otto, Mary L.“Child Abuse: Group Treatment for Parents.”

Personnel and Guidance Journal 62(1984): 336-48.

报刊杂志名需划线,但其后不需任何标点符号。62为卷号或期号,如既有卷号,又有期号,则要将二者以句号分开。如:(3.3);1984为出版年份,应置于圆括弧中。

Arnold, Marilgn.“Willa Cathers Nostalgia: A Study in

Ambivalance.”Research Studies Mar.1981:23-24,28.

月刊或双月刊须同时注明出版年月;23-24,28表示该文的前一部分刊于第23和24两页,后一部分则转至第28页。

Gorney, Cynthia.“When the Gorilla Speaks.”Washington Post

31 July,1985:B1.

引用日报上的英语论文必须同时注明报纸出版的年、月、日。B1为该文在报纸中的版面及页码。参考文献(略)

Study has been the important part of our life. Some people believe that

when they go to work, they dont need to study anymore. It is the wrong

conception about study. We are not only learning the knowledge from books, we

are also learning things from life, so study is the lifelong mission.

The knowledge we learn from school provides us a way to explore the world.

In college, we need to learn professional skills, so we can find our place in

the society. I believe that besides the skills, the way to think is the most

important skill we should master. The ultimate goal of education is to let

people have their own judgement.

When we come to work, there are so many things for us to learn, such as how

to make better communication or how to improve our own professional skills.

Though we are not in school, we learn the practical knowledge all the time. The

world develops every minute and we need to move on, or we will be kicked

out.

Study is the lifelong career. We are happy to learn more knowledge, because

it means we are being perfect.

Dear manager,

I write this letter to you to make some complaints about the computer I

bought in your store yesterday afternoon. There s something wrong with it. That

makes me extremely unhappy.

The computer cannot be properly shut down when I got it back to the office.

When I click the shutdown button, it seems that the machine gives no response.

And Im so annoyed with it.

Its obvious that you didn t carefully examine the machine before you sold

it. I think your store should take full responsibility for selling me the

defective machine. I insist that you give me a satisfactory reply. I do want you

to give back my money as soon as possible.

Sincerely yours,

Jack

网络语言在丰富现代汉语内容的同时,也给传统语文教学、特别是中学作文教学带来了冲击。面对这一问题,语文教育工作者对网络语言既不能一味拒绝,也不能全盘接受,要正确引导学生处理规范语言和网络语言的关系,培养学生在写作过程中正确使用网络语言的意识。

信息和数字时代,由于计算机技术的飞速发展和网络的日益普及,“网民”这个群体呈逐渐壮大发展的趋势。新的交际环境呼唤新的交际方式,网民群体的年轻人挑战传统、崇尚创新,通过改造旧词、创造新词、运用数字表意、运用符号表情等方式对汉语和英语的词句进行改造,形成了一种应用语言变体——网络语言。

网络语言以其言简意赅、方便快捷、幽默诙谐等特点,受到众多青少年的追捧,进而大量出现在中学生作文之中。网络语言正冲击着传统语言表达习惯,试图突破常规,给作文教学带来了不容忽视的影响。网络语言对中学生作文教学的影响有正面的,也有负面的。对于网络语言,有人认为应该明令禁止,有人认为应该加强规范,还有人认为应该以一种宽容的态度任其发展。我们拟从当前中学作文教学中网络语言的正、反两方面影响出发,对这一问题作一管窥。

一、从网上走到网下的网络语言

所谓网络语言,从不太严格的意义上可以分为两类:一类是与网络有关的专业术语和特别用语,如主机、硬件、病毒、注销、路由器、防火墙等,使用范围以专业人员为主;另一类是网络交际中常用的词语和表达方式,如东东、菜鸟、美眉、大虾、246、TMD、我走先之类,主要用于网络聊天及网络交际。这两类网络用语不仅在使用范围上,而且在构成方式、风格特点等方面呈现出不同的面貌,其中后者吸引了更多的目光,是近年来语言研究和教学工作者争论的焦点。我们讨论的重点是第二类网络语言。

网络语言是伴随着二十世纪九十年代以来计算机和互联网的逐渐普及而产生的一种社会方言。从发展历史来看,它历时甚短,当然也远远谈不上成熟,但是却呈现出一种迅猛发展的态势。在互联网的OICQ、MSN、BBS、博客、聊天室等虚拟世界里,网络语言俯拾皆是。网络交际的虚拟性和便捷性,给人们带来了极大的自由,网络语言应运而生,赢得了无数人的青睐。网络语言发展到今天,已经初具规模,它主要由网络语汇、网络字符和网络数字语组成,这三部分都对现实交际有一定的渗透。“美眉”、“大虾”一类的字眼不仅挂在青少年学生的嘴边,就连电视、报刊等传统媒体也时常见到;网络字符常夹杂在手机短信中,让局外人不知所云。

网络语言既称“网络语言”,其使用范围本应该局限于网络。由于网络语言具有使用起来简单方便、能快捷迅速地把思维和情绪变成语言符号等特点,加之年轻人追求猎奇、讲求快捷、刻意创新、张扬个性的心理,它深受以中学生为主体的青少年网友的喜爱,以至于在他们的学习生活中也频繁地使用网络语言,成为青少年在现实生活中习惯采用的表达和交流方式。在这种情况下,中学生在网络语言冲击波中首当其冲,给语言学界和教育界提出新的课题。

二、网络语言影响下的中学生作文现状

作文教学遭遇网络语言是不可避免的。网络是语言的一个新载体,载体的变化往往造成语言风格和语体的变化,这的确给作文教学带来了一定的冲击。据《长春日报》报道,该市某中学一个12岁的学生写了一篇让老师感到匪夷所思的日记。日记的开头是:“昨晚,我的GG带着他的恐龙GF到我家吃饭。在饭桌上,他们一个劲地对我妈妈PMP,那样子真是好BT,7456,我只吃了几口饭,就跟他们886,到QQ上给我的MM打帖子去了。”这样的现象在中小学中已经是屡见不鲜了。还有如“看到他75我MM,我很:(,就过去K了他一下……”,“??那时,偶只是一只菜鸟,一晃三年,偶已经是高三的大虾了”。这样的中学生作文如今并不罕见,多数中学每个班级都存在或多或少使用网络语言写作文的现象,越来越多的学生写作文时运用“晕、囧、东东、酱紫、八卦”等字眼。更让众多老师颇感无奈的是,在高考、中考作文中也出现了掺杂网络语言、以网络小说方式叙述的现象,网络上流行的故意写错别字或歪曲本意全都出现在作文中。

网络语言与现实语言的摩擦日益明显。对于中学生来说,新奇、风趣的网络语言更能体现他们的独特个性,更让他们显得另类一些。有资料显示,青少年是“网络大军”的重要力量,而错位使用网络文字的主要也是他们。把网络语言写进作文,把网络语言当成常用语,引发了许多误会和笑话。

为了了解学生和以教师为代表的教育工作者对网络语言的看法,有人对华东地区某县级市第一中学高三学生和10位高三毕业班的语文老师进行了一次调查。部分调查结果如表1:

可见,尽管教师、家长对网络语言很不喜欢,特别是对于在考试作文中使用网络语言深恶痛绝,但是学生对它的追捧,使得作文中还是给网络语言留下了一席之地。

三、当前中学作文教学过程中对待网络语言的态度

语文课的任务是指导学生通过对口头语言和书面语言的学习,正确理解祖国的语言文字,积累语言材料,掌握运用语言的本领。而作文更是对语言进行运用的一种重要方式。

语言受到网络的冲击,作文也难免受到影响。对于当前中学生作文中出现的网络语言现象,语文教育界存在两种立场分明的态度,即否定性态度和肯定性态度,其中前者影响较大。  持肯定态度的人认为,应该以宽容的心态看待网络语言,在作文中使用网络语言,当然也未尝不可。如有学者认为:“文体和字体的演进都是与社会发展、科技文化发展相联系,网络出现后形成了网络语言和文字……语言是与时俱进的。”可见,这类学者对网络语言及其运用是基本肯定的,他们认为,对待网络语言应该宽容、顺其发展,不要损害了语言的多样性。网络语言是在特定的环境下,由许多人约定俗成的,有其诙谐、智慧的闪光点,如果一味地进行封杀,其实也就扼杀了学生的创造性。

语言的生命在于与时俱进,在于从生活中汲取营养。对于那些在长期的生活实践中已经约定俗成的语言要保留。对发展很快的网络语言不必紧张,没有生命力的自然会被淘汰,有生命力的则会流传下去,许多古代语言现象的消亡和现代语言现象的出现正说明了这个道理。因此,应该鼓励,至少不应该禁止学生在作文中使用网络语言。在一向被认为是正统的作文中适当运用一些网络语言,犹如给作文注入一股新鲜活力,使其显得生动、鲜活。总之,中学生作文中出现网络语言不仅无可厚非,一定情况下应该引导和鼓励。

四、中学作文教学中正确对待网络语言的态度及策略

我们认为,网络语言之于中学作文的利弊要全面看待。语言与我们的生活息息相关,这就注定了语言不是一成不变的,它会随着社会的发展而变化,而作为人类最重要的交际工具,它又必须规范,但这种规范并非个别人或某几位专家制定的规则,而是约定俗成的规范。语文教育的动力源于学生的生活。要想让他们学好语文、写好作文,就不可能不让他们零距离接触社会,让他们到社会中去实践。因此,面对无孔不入的网络语言,我们的教育工作者应该抓住契机,因势利导。

论文由论文目录(提纲)和题目、作者姓名、完成日期、摘要、关键词、正文、注释、参考文献、附录等项目组成。小编收集了标准论文的格式，欢迎阅读。

一、纸型、页面设置、版式和用字。

毕业论文一律用国际标准A4型纸(297mmX210mm)打印。

页面分图文区与白边区两部分，所有的文字、图形、其他符号只能出现在图文区内。白边区的尺寸(页边距)为：天头(上)25mm，地脚(下)20mm，订口(左)25mm，翻口(右)20mm。

文字图形一律从左至右横写横排。文字一律通栏编辑。

使用规范的简化汉字。除非必要，不使用繁体字。忌用异体字、复合字及其他不规范的汉字。

二、论文封面

封面由文头、论文标题、作者、学校、年级、学号、指导教师、答辩组成员、答辩日期、申请学位等项目组成。

文头：封面顶部居中，占两行。上一行内容为“河南广播电视大学”用小三号宋体;下一行内容为“汉语言文学专业(本科)毕业论文”，3号宋体加粗。文头上下各空一行。

论文标题：2号黑体加粗，文头下居中，上下各空两行。

论文副题：小2号黑体加粗，紧挨正标题下居中，文字前加破折号。

作者、学校(市级电大)、年级、学号、指导教师、答辩组成员、答辩日期、申请学位等项目名称用3号黑体，内容用3号楷体，在正副标题下适当居中左对齐依次排列。占行格式为：

作者：XXX

学校：XXX 年级：XXX 学号：XXX

指导教师：XXX 职称：XXX

答辩组成员：

XXX(主持人) 职称：XXX

XXX 职称：XXX

……

答辩日期：X年X月X日

申请学位：学士(不申请可省略此项)

由于论文副题可有可无，学位可申请可不申请，答辩组成员可以是3、5、7人，封面内容占行具有不确定性，为保持封面的整体美观，可对行距做适当调整。

三、论文

论文由论文目录(提纲)和题目、作者姓名、完成日期、摘要、关键词、正文、注释、参考文献、附录等项目组成。

需要列目录的论文，目录要独占一页。“目录”二字用3号黑体，顶部居中;以下列出论文正文的一、二级标题及参考文献、附录等项及其对应页码。用小4号宋体。

论文题目用3号黑体，顶部居中排列，上下各空一行;

作者姓名：题目下方居中，用四号楷体。

完成时间：作者姓名下方居中，字样为“X年X月”，用四号楷体。

摘要：作者姓名下空一行，左起顶头，写明“摘要”字样加粗，点冒号，接排摘要内容。一般用五号字，字体用楷体。

关键词：摘要下方，左起顶头，写明“关键词”字样加粗，点冒号，接排关键词。词间空一字。字型字体同摘要。

正文：关键词下空一行开始。正文文字一般用5号宋体，每段起首空两格，回行顶格，单倍行距。

正文文中标题：

一级标题。标题序号为“一、”，4号黑体，独占行，末尾不加标点。如果居中，上下各空一行。

二级标题，标题序号为“(一)”，与正文字体字号相同，独占行，末尾不加标点;

三、四、五级序号分别为“1.”、“(1)”和“①”，与正文字体字号相同，一般不独占行，末尾加句号。如果独占行，则不使用标点。每级标题的下一级标题应各自连续编号。

注释：注释采用脚注形式。加注符号以页为单位排序，标在须加注之处最后一个字的右上角后，用带圈或括弧的阿拉伯数字依次标示。同时在本页留出适当行数，用横线与正文分开，左起空两字后写出相应的注号，再写注文。每个注文各占一段，用小5号宋体。建议使用电脑脚注功能。

参考文献：在正文项目后空两行左起顶头用四号黑体写明“参考文献”，另起行空两格用5号宋体编排参考文献内容，每个参考文献都另起行。参考文献的项目见“实施方案”正文。

This weekend, there was an art festival in our school, it had been hold for

five years and the school insisted to make it become the feature. I was so

excited, this was the first time for me to join. Early in the morning, I saw

there were so many people coming to the campus, making the campus so lively. The

students dressed so well and gave the warm welcome to the guests. I walked

around and appreciated the painting, every work was drawn by the students, I was

so impressed by these works. There were also some handworks, which were so

creative, it reflected the students’ wisdom. Though we were busy with our

subjects most of the time, some students still kept on their hobbies and made it

their talent. I should learn from them and develop some interest.

Today, Chinas economy has made the great achievement. More and more

foreign people come to China to seek for cooperation. It is true that peoples

life standard has been improved a lot during the last decades, but the

environment has been polluted badly. When I was very small, I could see the

green trees and clean water around my hometown, but now, the river becomes

smaller and the rubbish can be seen everywhere. I feel so sad about it. We have

sacrificed so much to chase the profit. If we cant save the environment, we

wont live the comfortable life. For us, we should not throw away the rubbish

and plant more trees. The little things we do will make a great difference.

As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of

relaxation.Once you are in the habit of rushing through life, being on the go

from morning till night,it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for

a healthy mind and body. Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is

no way to avoid it. In fact, it is not the bad thing as it is often supposed to

be. A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose

to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control can it lead to poor

performance and iiihealth. The amount of stress a person can withstand depends

very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress, and such

characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others

lose heart at the first signs of unusual difficulties. When exposed to stress,

in whatever form, we react both chemically and physically. In fact, we make a

choice between "flight or fight"and in more primitive days the choices made the

difference between life or death.The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so

extreme, but however little the stress, it involves the same response. It is

when such a reaction lasts long, through continued exposure to stress, that

health becomes endangered. Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and

heart diseases have established links with stress. Since we cannot remove stress

from our lives (it would be unwise to do so even if we could), we need to find

ways to deal with it.

Mid-autumn Festival

At this time the people always eat the moon cake, to enjoy looking at the moon, the family member reunite, because that day moon is roundest.There are also many wonderful stories about midautumn festival,too.It comes today! I bought some firecrackers and lanterns.After the big dinner,I hang up the lanterns togerther with my sister and then shoot off firecrackers with my family.It was really funny.We was eating mooncakes as well as watching TV.I had a good time with the big family .I love the festival ,it stand for the tuneful of us.

翻译：

在这个节日人们经常喜欢吃月饼，和家庭的成员一起赏月，因为这一天的月亮是最圆的。因此也流传了许多关于中秋节奇妙的故事。今天终于到了。我买了些鞭炮和灯笼。吃完丰盛的晚餐以后，姐姐陪同我一起去挂灯笼，过后我们全家一起放鞭炮，是在是兴奋极了。我们还边看电视边吃月饼呢!也和家人们度过了美好的时光。我喜欢这个节日，它代表家庭的和谐。

There are many festivals in a year, I love Children’s day, because on that

day, I can have many candies from school. In the school, i will play many games,

there will be no class on Children’s day, everybody will have fun. Children’s

day is my favorite day, the day belongs to me. I enjoy that day so much. My

parents will also celebrate it for me.

Chinese New Year starts with the new moon on the first day of the new year

and ends on the the full days later. In china,people regard Spring Festival as

the most important thing.People studied and worked throughout the year.No matter

how far and how busy, they must do their best to go back home.Thats a tradition

and now becoming a habit. During this time,transport is extremely busy.Although

the way is difficult,it cant reduce the urgent feeling of going home.I cant

describe this feeling,only the people that experienced it can

understand.Actually,on one hand,people miss their family,and they need to get

comfort in the family.On the other hand,getting together is a symbol of

blessedness and auspiciousness.People in other country dont have this

consciousness that going home is necessary.For example,American could celebrate

the Christmas in everywhere they like or with anybody.This diversity is

occasioned by different culture between two countries.

On Spring festivals eve,the whole family prepare the dinner.Of

course,dumplings is essential.In the

evening,family members always sit at the television and watch Spring

Festival Gala.At 0:00,people set off firecrackers and fireworks,at the same

time,children pay New Year,s call to old people.The old people give money to the

children as a lunar new year gift.Usually,people stay up late or all night.

On lunar New Years Day, the Chinese family eat vegetarian dumplings which

imply they will plain and neat in this year. People change their new

clothes,this stands for a new beginning.Next,people visit relatives with some

gifts.The second day is son-in-laws festival,the husband and married women

visit their side of the family.In a word,Chinese attach great importance to

Spring Festival.

The imperial palace, also known as the Forbidden City, is the imperial

palace of the Ming and qing dynasties, which is the largest and most complete

ancient architectural complex in China. I especially want to know the

architecture of ancient palaces and the living environment of ancient

emperors.

One weekend in the golden autumn, the sun is shining and the autumn wind is

crisp. My mother and I went to visit the Palace Museum in the center of the

city. I was very happy.

Enter the gate of the Forbidden City, "wow! Its so big here!" I couldnt

help it. The mother said, "the most spectacular is still in the back!" We first

visited the architectural model of the imperial palace and its construction. I

know that the imperial palace covers an area of over 720,000 square meters, with

more than 9,000 rooms, all wooden structures, and all the wooden structures have

no nails. The palace is the blue and white stone base, the tall roof, the yellow

glazed tile, the pattern of the dragon everywhere, and decorated with the

brilliant color of the golden wall. I observed all the palaces, and found that

the palaces were lined up along the north-south axis, and spread out to the

sides, to the north and south, and to the right and left. I told mom, I found

mother listen to nod a smile, said: "the central axis not only in the Forbidden

City, and nanda YongDingMen, north to the drum tower, almost throughout the

whole city. Its magnificent, well-planned and spectacular.

We have been visiting the taihe temple from the imperial garden. What a

breathtaking view! In the Forbidden City, the most striking is the "three halls"

: the hall of supreme harmony, the hall of harmony, the hall of protection and

the temple. They are all built on the 8-meter-high base of the white jade, which

looks like the qiong yuyu in the myth. The first hall of supreme harmony was the

most magnificent building. People called it the "throne room". It was the place

where the emperor held the grand ceremony. It is 28 meters high, 63 meters, 35

meters north and south, and a large pillar with a diameter of 1 meter. Among

them, six large pillars, one meter in diameter around the throne, are flat

dragon pillars of leached gold. The throne is located at the base of the two

meters high in the temple, with the graceful crane and the top of the furnace,

followed by a carefully carved screen. The whole hall is decorated with golden

walls, which are both majestic and magnificent. The hall of neutralization was

the place where the emperor went to the hall of supreme harmony to take a rest

and exercise etiquette. Baohe and the temple are the place where the emperor

gives banquet to the king of the foreign land every New Year. This is just the

palace buildings, and house decoration is numerous, the rarities of the mother

said: "these treasures is only part of it, when Chiang kai-shek fled to Taiwan

carried away many treasure palace, there are some loss in a foreign country". I

feel sorry for the loss of these treasures. When will these lost treasures

return to the embrace of the motherland? I am looking forward to the reunion of

Taiwan and mainland as soon as possible.

The visit of the Forbidden City made me linger. The Palace Museum is an

unparalleled masterpiece. It is a miracle. Our five thousand years of Chinese

culture are profound and profound, and we should be proud and proud to have

built such a magnificent palace for the ancients. At the same time, we also have

the responsibility to protect these cultural relics from destruction, so that

the five thousand years of splendid civilization of the motherland will be

handed down.

Some think we should try to help strangers. Helping others is a virtue，and

helping others is helping ourselves.We may come across some trouble and need

others help some day.If everyone isnt willing to help us just because we are

strangers to them，its hard to imagine what our world will be like.However，some

are afraid that helping others can sometimes bring us trouble.Sometimes we are

just misunderstood and even have to pay the cost of kindness.In my opinion，we

should try our best to help others when they are in need of help，but we should

also protect ourselves from getting into trouble.If everyone tries a little

kindness，our world will be full of love.