英语论文摘要格式规范标准汇编20篇

In my hometown, the air is polluted seriously. However, in recent years,

the pollution gets from bad to worse, because of the increasing number of

private cars. Especially during the rush hours, too many private vehicles move

slowly on narrow roads, emitting a large amount of waste gas. Moreover, the

poisonous gas sent by the nearby factories is also one of the main causes of

pollution. Therefore, it’s demanded that immediate and effective measures must

be taken to restrict private cars and public transportation must be developed to

the largest extent. Besides, we should use renewable and clean energy

recourses.

Let me tell you about it. First I have a great eating habit. I eat

vegetables and fruit every day and I drink yogurt twice a week .Although I like

junk food very much I try to eat it once a week because it is bad for my health.

And I also eat less meat. Then I hold on to playing sports every day. I jog 2

kilometers and jump 2 hours. Next I go to bed early and get up early. I keep

sleeping for about 8 hours. Having a great eating habits and doing exercise can

help me get good grades.

As you can see having a healthy life is important for everyone. Let’s have

a healthy life style and lead a happy life.

Olympic Games is the biggest event for the players, because it holds every

four years. I remembered that my father watched the games at midnight many years

ago, and I did not understand why he was so crazy about it. Now I watched the

game with him and I started to appreciate the charm of sports. No matter what

the result is, standing in the biggest stage and competing with the greatest

rivals make the players feel proud. They chase to be higher, stronger and faster

and these are the spirit of Olympic Games. When the audience see the players

break the record and challenge human being’s limitation, how excited it is.

Hello! I’m Jessie. I like English very much, because of my English teacher,

Nettie. Today, I’ll introduce her to you.

In my eyes, she’s not a teacher, but a lovely girl and a good friend of

mine. She is not tall. She is thin. She has the long hair. Her face is round.

There are two small eyes on her face. She likes smiling. When she smiles, her

eyes just like the moon at the beginning of the month. I think she is very

beautiful girl.

She’s very kind, like an old friend. She can sing. She can draw. She can

dance. She can speak very good English. She can tell us stories. She can play

games with us. When we have an English lesson, we feel very happy. All of us are

interested in her lesson.

I have a good teacher. I think I’m very lucky.

When we are children, there are lots of people ask about our dreams, and

our answers most are doctors, policemen, teachers etc. But when we grow up, we

have to face the reality, not everyone would realize childhood dreams, and some

of these dreams even are unrealistic which will never be able to achieve.

Therefore, we need correctly treat the relationship between dream and

reality.

First of all, dream is the spiritual power to encourage people progress.

Napoleon once said: “He is a bad soldier who doesnt dream of becoming a

general”. In the process of growing up, we must want to give up our purpose when

encounter difficulties, and at the moment, dreams would be the power for us to

insist on.

Second, reality is a reflection of the real environment. Many people think

dream is heaven, and reality is hell, but in my opinion, reality is a

double-edged sword which makes us keep a sense of crisis. When young people

addicted to the unpractical dreams, reality would awaken them which would avoid

them make wrong judgment.

In my opinion, both dream and reality are important, young people cant

ignore one of them. The most critical thing in life is using positive attitude

to face the constantly changing society, and strive to cultivate interests,

which will be easier to succeed.

Tomorrow is dragon boat festival, I and father mother go together Woerma goes buying a zhongzi.

Arrive Woerma, I run to look for a zhongzi with respect to rapid ground. Wow! Here huge crowd of people, really lively. Well? How is that place person special much? Taking away doubt I looked in the past after all. Oh! Buy a zhongzi so, the zhongzi breed here is really too much: Of beef stuffing, of red jujube stuffing, of chop stuffing, of earthnut stuffing... my what look saliva should flow. Took a bag rapidly, say to mom: "Mom, I like to eat fresh chopped meat, I should be bought more a few. " mom nods express to agree, then I bought the zhongzi of a lot of fresh chopped meat.

Buy a zhongzi, we bought a lot of things again, have a meal in hall of Xiang Shang coffee next, had eaten a meal, we came home cheerfully, really happy today!

Look! This is the zhongzi that I buy, but delicious!

I like to make friends so much, because I want to know more about the new

things, making friends can broaden my knowledge. But the true friend is really

hard to make. A true friend can say whatever he wants to say, he dares to point

out my weakness and helps me to make progress. Though the words are not nice but

are good for me, I want to make the true friend.

The news that Mr Cai had passed away was known, and I fell into great

sorrow. The sound of the rain knocking on the window was so mournful that it

deepened my distress.

My memory brought me back to the class when I saw him for the last

time.

That evening it was raining, too. We started our lesson as usual at a

quarter past six. I sat in the first row, and I saw Mr Cai press his stomach

with a hand from time to time, but I didn’t know the reason then. The two hours

passed quickly. When the lesson came to an end,Mr Cai told us that he had

possibly developed a stomach cancer, and would go to Beijing to see a doctor. If

there was nothing serious, he would continue to teach us after he came back. He

was very calm and his voice was steady. He still gave us some homework. He said

that he would mark the papers as soon as he came back.

Then I started to wait for his return. I had not thought that I would not

see him any more. The cancer had taken his life, even though he was still

young.

Mr Cai’s words are still ringing in my ears,“I hope you will be one of the

best students.” I think I should work hard at English and live up to his

expectation .

I have lost a good teacher. Tears will dry up in time, but the memory will

stay for ever.

【构思点拨】本题属于题目、提纲式作文，给出的要点虽然不多，但要求考生根据生活中亲身经历的一件事，说明一切成功来源于凡事早做规划，不断追求，辛勤劳作这个道理。因此要注意结合自己的经历，谈出自己对此的感受即可。

俗话说：早起的鸟儿有虫吃。请根据你生活中亲身经历的一件事，说明一切成功源于干凡事早做规划，不断追求，辛勤劳作。

【参考范文】

the early bird will catch worms

an old saying "the early bird will catch worms" reminds us that if people want to be successful and outstanding, they must plan ahead of time and make their efforts to overcome all the possible difficulties.

for example, the chinese athletes excellent performance in xx olympic winter games in vancouver is definitely the result of their early planning and hard training. if they don t set the aim and word work, even though they have the best talents, they cant compete with others and get more medals.

another case in point is my learning experience. i was good at english, but i couldnt pass the exam, for i wasnt prepared well before the examination. i had many things to solve at that time. as i met the complex things, i was at a loss. the reason was that i had no plan and involved in many things and didnt study more hard, so i failed.

in short, the saying shows us the important of planning, working hard and constantly trying.

My winter vacation

During the winter vacation, nothing is different for my life. I wake up 11 oclock Am everyday, after a washing, I have a good lunch with my parents. Next I play computer games till the time to have supper. After have dinner. I go on playing till 2 oclock Am, and then go to sleep with tired. This is one dull day of my winter vacation.

But I havent bored all the time. Sometimes I read the books, sometime I listen to the music or the radio in the bed, because it was very cold outside and snowy all the day. And I also meat some of my good friends during the vacation, we have a very long talk about the life of each other in the past year and play table tennis tegether. And I watched the spring festival party of the CCTV in the last seconds of the 2004 year! I think this is the thing most people of china doing at that time.

Thats all, all my dull, coldly and snowy winter vacation

Catch the star that holds your destiny, the one that forever twinkles

within your heart. Take advantage of precious opportunities while they still

sparkle before you. Always believe that your ultimate goal is attainable as long

as you commit yourself to it.

Though barriers may sometimes stand in the way of your dreams, remember

that your destiny is hiding behind them. Accept the fact that not everyone is

going to approve of the choices youve made, have faith in your judgment, catch

the star that twinkles in your heart, and it will lead you to your destinys

path. Follow that pathway and uncover the sweet sunrises that await you.

Take pride in your accomplishments, as they are stepping stones to your

dreams. Understand that you may make mistakes, but dont let them discourage you.

Value your capabilities and talents for they are what make you truly unique. The

greatest gifts in life are not purchased, but acquired through hard work and

determination.

This is Faith at Faith Radio Online-Simply to Relax. Find the star that

twinkles in your heart for you alone are capable of making your brightest dreams

come true. Give your hopes everything youve got and you will catch the star that

holds your destiny.

what s your plan for dragon boat festival?

As a chinese, I was really ashamed of having a little knowledge of dragon boat festival. Perhaps I was born in northern city, though my city is nearby sea, it has been built a U port which I can only see cargo ships and can t see the sweeping ocean. So I have never see the dragon boat contest since I was born. So the dragon boat festival is just a holiday for eating Zong Zi . My mother made Zong Zi when I was a child. Because there was no supermarket, we couldn t buy finished product from market. However, now, we can buy anything in supermarket, so my mother didn t make them anymore. The boat festival began to fade out my mind.

In reality, young people began to have a bug to celebrate foreign festivals, such as Christams, Saint Valentine s day, April Fool s Day, some people also celebrate Easter in church. Talk about Dragon boat festival, it s the same as some foreign conventional festivals, such as Witch s Day in Czech. People burned the witch s puppet so as to welcome spring. Some people are willing to celebrate foreign festivals because they like alien culture. And vice versa, foreigners who like China also concern about Chinese traditional culture.

After new holiday regulation, we have three holidays during the dragon boat festival. So many people will choose this time to travel. People who lived in Xiamen are able to visit Xiapu or Wu Yi mountain, these tourist attractions are in Fujian province,which is suit a short tirp. but I d like to stay at home for my decorate painting. I decide to draw two canvases about Christmas, it s really a big project. Then I ll hang them on the new house wall. I must start it now, or I can t finish them before Christmas eve. But I preceive it s a little difficult to draw them in such a hot season.

The end of the year, on New Years eve is the reunion night, every

household is decorated, celebrate the end of a year of peace, a good start in

the New Year.

On New Years eve, every family is busy to stick couplets on the Spring

Festival, our family is no exception, and each year couplet still stick by me at

home.Actually this stick couplet learning also pretty big, when you last as long

as a look at this couplet you will know the family in the New Years hope and

plan, also know that in the past year what has happened to the family home

wedding, you look at the couplet is not god.

On this day the most happy or children, they cried to early adult years,

because after taking the year can fireworks.Fireworks, several children beside,

hopping, forget about the overjoyed when, even adults were infected with the

following.After the fireworks family around the table to eat the family reunion

dinner, the most interesting is to eat dumplings, and it can eat dumplings eat

money, who eat money the luck in the New Year will be the best, so everyone

scrambled to eat, who also rob to that rich of dumplings, but whether to eat or

not to eat, the atmosphere of rob to eat the dumpling is the most

unforgettable...

On New Years eve is the most unforgettable night!

There are various kinds of jobs in the world, but different people are

attracted by different jobs because everyone has his own interest and

destination. Many people consider an ideal job as a means of making more money

and living more comfortably. It may sound reasonable because money is the

foundation of life.

As far as my ideal job is concerned, I think I want to be a psychologist, I

have made up my mind to do what I really want to so that I can realize my ideal,

I believe interest is of the utmost importance in choosing a job, I have been

interested in psychology for a long time, so I want to be a psychologist in the

future, I think being a psychologist can help lots of people lead a happier

life.

However, it isnt easy for me to become a qualified psychologist and many

people around me think that its unrealistic to me. NevertheLess, Ill make

every effort to gain much more knowLedge, patience, methods, etc. to live up to

the name of a qualified psychologist. I believe my dream will come true

someday.

英语词语之间的语义相似度研究课题作为自然语言处理和计算机人工智能的基础性研究[1?3]，如选取、搜索、分类以及歧义消除等，需要依赖于包含现实世界概念的知识体系[4]。英语词语的相似度是对英语词语之间语义相似紧密程度的度量，在机器翻译、数据信息检索等方面具有重要的实用价值[5]。在不同的实际应用场景中，英语词语相似度具有不同的用途[6]。另外，在构造统计英语词语语言模型的过程中，由于数据分布稀疏导致未登录英语词语的统计信息无法计算的问题[7]，需要进行高相似度英语词语自主选取系统设计。在国内，随着计算机人工智能的不断发展，更准确地进行高相似度英语词语自主选取系统设计引起了很多国内外专家与学者的重视。

文献[8]提出基于朴素贝叶斯的高相似度英语词语自主选取系统设计，首先介绍知网中的英语词语相似度基本概念和体系结构，利用知网的义原层次体系结构计算得到英语词语的义原相似度，计算出英语词语概念的相似度；然后通过支持向量机分类器完成自主选取系统设计。该方法较为简单，但是存在英语词语相似度计算不清的问题，导致在自主选取過程中准确率不高。文献[9]提出基于Corpus库的高相似度英语词语自主选取系统设计，首先构建英语词语语义关联库，利用该库使英语词语空间与关系空间结构化，保存英语词语与其上下文之间的总体信息，通过阅读大量的英语词语语料数据来训练相似度英语词语的相关数据，并对训练过程中涌现的大量英语词语关系进行剪裁，利用朴素贝叶斯分类器完成对高相似度英语词语的自主选取。该方法存在对高相似度英语词语的自主选取时间过长，且英语词语的相似度计算准确率较低的问题。

针对上述问题，本文提出一种基于数据挖掘的高相似度英语词语自主选取系统设计方法，所提系统设计方法可以精确地选取出高相似度英语词语，且选取时间较短，实用性广泛。

1 高相似度英语词语自主选取系统设计

1.1 高相似度英语词语选取系统设计endprint

考虑到人们对高相似度英语词语自主选取系统设计需求的精准性与灵活性[10]，将英语词语的相似度计算结果与数据挖掘特点相结合，设计出一种高相似度英语词语自主选取系统，如图1所示。

本文高相似度英语词语的自主选取系统设计对硬件系统设计不作考量，主要研究软件和算法。

1.2 基于路径和深度的英语词语高相似度计算方法

1.3 基于数据挖掘的高相似度英语词语自主选取

为了能够有效地在网络中挖掘出高相似度英语词语，在处理两个英语词语义项的最短路径与其距离最近公共父节点的基础上，利用数据挖掘将英语词语文本特征选择转换为一个多目标优化问题；然后以英语词语特征维数最少、分类正确率相对最高为选取标准，采用蚁群算法找到英语词语的最优特征子集；最后通过神经网络建立英语词语相似度文本自动分类器。具体描述过程如下：

式中：[σ]为英语词语神经网络隐节点宽度；[c]表示英语词语第[r]个神经网络隐节点中点；[w]为英语词语神经网络输出权值。参数[w，][c，][σ]对神经网络分类起决定性作用，要想获得高性能神经网络，需要对参数进行优化。在此基础上完成对高相似度英语词语的自主选择。

2 实验结果与分析

实验环境建立的PC机配置为：CPU Core i7?4790 3.60 GHz，RAM=4 GB，Windows7操作系统，通过Java语言编写实现。实验过程中设置32个存储节点，每个节点的最大存储容量为1 TB，数据通道为2 000 Mb/s，英语词语文本采集与数据存储均为10 TB。根据参与对比的系统设计使用的英语词语语义资源所收录的英语词语情况，本文从该英语词语测试集中筛选出一些无法计算的英语词语对，最终结果保留10对英语词语用于测试，如表1所示。

从表1中可以看出，[S1]的英语词语相似度计算结果在数值上普遍较低，主要是由于基于Corpus库的高相似度英语词语自主选取系统设计方法考虑众多英语词语特征，加上一些其他干扰因素的影响，从而造成英语词语特征高维向量的相似度普遍偏低；[S2]数值跨度较大，这是由于基于百度百科的高相似度英语词语自主选取系统设计方法通常情况下在某些方面与人工思维没有较好的符合。

利用1.3节中的平衡最大英语词语特征识别率与英语词语特征维数的权值[λ，]对高相似度英语词语自主选取系统设计方法的选取效率影响，如图2所示。

由图2可知，选取参与测试的英语词语数据集为700个，选取英语词语测试数据为200，400，600时对应的高相似度英语词语自主选取系统设计的选取效率，其中，当[λ=1]时，高相似度英语词语自主选取系统设计的选取效率分别为30%，38%和60%；当[λ=3]时，高相似度英语词语自主选取系统设计的选取效率分别为42%，48%和72%；当[λ=5]时，当高相似度英语词语自主选取系统设计的选取效率分别为60%，70%和90%。通过分析可知平衡最大英语词语特征识别率与英语词语特征维数的权值[λ]在区间[1，5]时，本文所提系统设计方法的选取效率最高。

3 结 语

采用当前系统设计方法对高相似度英语词语进行自主选取时，存在选取效率低、选取时间过长等问题。本文提出基于数据挖掘的高相似度英语词语自主选取系统设计方法。通过实验证明，所提系统设计方法可精确地对高相似度英语词语进行自主选取，具有良好的应用价值。

Recently， a popularserioushot topic es into the eyes of our universal

bodies as the cartoon depicts。 From the picture， we can see that a middle-age

housewife， perplexed and terrified， is picking out her daily diet from a pile of

undesirable things， such as illegal-cooking oil， fruits with excessive pesticide

and the like.

It seems that there are many factors can be mentioned and accounted for

this kind of case， and in my perspective， the followings are the obvious and

have a far-fetching influence. On the one hand， the merchants in an increasing

number are aiming at maximizing their profits with the minimal principal in the

wider ranges of petitive and more open social background。 On the other hand， it

is the inplete system of law that has less supervision of the producing and

processing of modities.

Considering all the points discussed， it is highly sensible that we should

take prompt measures to resolve this problem. In the first place， more bettering

policies should be brought forward.In the second，more moral schooling should be

applied in all munities。 Only by enforcing these measures， can we effectively，

efficiently， and eventually solve the problem.

Ofo has been favored by the public, even the foreign people speak highly of

it. These yellow bikes can be found everywhere, so the people who are in a hurry

can use it and then reached the destination in time. Especially for the

visitors, they can ride these bikes and then have a look at the scenery around.

It can saves them a lot of money and the most important thing is the convenience

it brings. These bikes can be placed any place, even the walking areas. I like

ofo so much. It makes me feel green, because it won’t produce bad air to pollute

the environment.

The tomb sweeping day is one of the traditional festivals in China. On

April 5th, people start to visit their ancestors’ tombs. Generally speaking,

people will bring the home-made food, some fake money and paper-made mansion to

their ancestors. When they start to honour their ancestor, they will light up

some candles and incense, put some flowers around the tombs. The most important

thing is to put the home-made food in front of the tombs. The food, also known

as sacrifices, is usually made up with a chicken, a fish and some pork. It’s a

symbol of the offspring’s respect to the ancestors. People believe that the

forbears will share the food with them. The children dedicate the food and money

to their forbears in order to show their love and caring. The young offspring

will go down on their knees and pray for their ancestors. They can say their

wishes in front of the tombs and the ancestors will make their dreams come

true.

In some provinces of China, people use different activities to commemorate

this day, for instance, spring-outing, swinging, tree planting and making

special food. One special food is Ay Tsao rice balls. It looks like Tang-yuan,

but its colour is green. Mix the ay tsao juice with the rice powder, then make

it into small balls. The Ay Tsao rice ball is done. People believe that eating

ay tsao rice balls can get rid of the bad luck and everything will go smoothly.

Other activities such as spring outing, tree planting are the other ways to

commemorate the forbears. For one thing, it is a sign that people should look

into the future and embrace the hope; for another thing, we do hope our ancestor

rest in peace.

Many animals are in danger of dying out. As is shown in the chart, we can

see the number of animal species decreases faster and faster and this trend will

continue. From 1980 to 2010, at least 1 million animal species have disappeared.

Worse still, more and more wild animals are in great danger. It is not a piece

of sensational news; it is a fact, a harsh reality. Unfortunately, we may not

see these animals in the near future.

From the second picture, we can find some reasons. Why is the number of

animal species declining year by year? Apparently animals have become victims of

fashion industry. Animal skin has been used to make fashionable clothes and

these clothes sell at a high price. So some greedy people begin to kill animals

in a large quantity. This irresponsible behavior not only breaks the balance of

nature but also endangers the living environment of human beings.

As far as I am concerned, something must be done to stop this illegal

action. We believe "no buying, no killing". First, we must make concerning laws

to protect these animals in danger. Second, we must take some measures to

protect animals effectively. Animals are our friends and part of our

environment. Third, we should raise peoples awareness to protect animals and

our environment. In this way, we can build a harmonious society and ensure a

sustainable development.

If a book is the sky, I was the birds fly freely in the sky; If a book is

the sea, I will be the swimming fish; If the book is the forest, I is the forest

the jubilant fawn; If the book garden, then I will be the dancing butterfly. Is

ah, gorky said: the book said that the ladder of human progress. The status of

books in peoples minds.

The classmates, dont your parents let you read, think to learn major

courses is the most important? The benefits of reading: not only can improve the

ability of project, it is a great way of reading comprehension.

Remember once, the teacher arranged a composition, only a minority of the

whole class classmate "optimal" I one of its top, one might ask: how do you only

into their "team"? What is the "secret weapon"? Let me tell you: "secret weapon"

that book! Reading is not enough light to read a few times, read read through

the book, and those who make you feel good good words we accumulation. I also

specially prepared a unaccustomed strain. You look! The "king" composition is

leisurely leisurely reading! Accumulation of his words have a Big Ben, think of

is dazzling, how could he not write good, good composition?

I often read books, the romance of The Three Kingdoms, "journey to the

west", "the Wolf dream king", "red ribbon lion king" is favored by me, such as

read book is ever new, one of the "the black swan amethyst" I have read a dozen

times.

Books are necessary in my life, also is the most gorgeous rainbow in my

life, because it brings the colorful life.

October 1st is the national day of our country, which is a public holiday for the whole country. It’s an important day that marks the beginning of PRC. On that day, there are plenty of celebrations holding throughout the country, from the central government to the general people. And public places, including big squares, parks are decorated in festive theme. In recent years, the national holiday means the golden week as well, which is a short holiday that all people expect to. With the improvement of living standards, people have more money and desire to travel and the golden week is a good chance for them. Besides, for those people who would not go out, it’s a good time to have a good rest as well. Therefore, the national day means a lot to the Chinese.

10月1日是我国的国庆节,这对于整个国家是一个公共假日。这是一个重要的日子,标志着中华人民共和国开始。在那一天,有很多庆祝控股全国,从中央政府到一般人。和公共场所,包括大广场,公园在节日的装饰主题。近年来,国家节日意味着黄金周,这是一个短暂的假期,所有的人都期待。随着生活水平的提高,人们有更多的钱和渴望旅游黄金周是一个很好的机会。除此之外,对于那些人不出去,这是一个很好的时间来好好休息一下。因此,中国的国庆节意味着很多。