英语论文摘要格式规范标准【热门20篇】

I Play Guitar

I like playing guitar,so my father buys me a guitar for fun.It is very funny.Then my mother asks me to have guitar class.She thinks to learn more skill

is good for me.I start to have guitar class.It is really funny at first.But later on,I feel very tired.It is not easy to get improved.I want to giveup,but I insist at last.Now I can pay several songs.I feel proud of it.

我弹吉他

我喜欢弹吉他,所以我爸爸给我买一把吉他的乐趣。这是非常有趣的。然后我妈妈问我有吉他课。她认为学习更多的技能对我有好处。我开始上吉他课。这是非常有趣的。但是后来,我感觉非常疲劳。不容易得到改善。我想给最后,但我坚持。现在我可以支付一些歌曲。我感到自豪。

There was a man who had four sons. He wanted his sons to learn to not judge

things too quickly. So he sent them each on a quest，in turn，to go and look at a

pear tree that was a great distance away.

The first son went in the winter，the second in the spring，the third in

summer，and the youngest son in the fall.

When they had all gone and come back，he called them together to describe

what they had seen.

The first son said that the tree was ugly，bent，and twisted. The second son

said no - it was covered with green buds and full of promise.

The third son disagreed，he said it was laden with blossoms that smelled so

sweet and looked so beautiful，it was the most graceful thing he had ever

seen.

The last son disagreed with all of them;he said it was ripe and drooping

with fruit，full of life and fulfillment.

The man then explained to his sons that they were all right，because they

had each seen but one season in the tree‘s life. He told them that you cannot

judge a tree，or a person，by only one season，and that the essence of who they are

- and the pleasure，joy，and love that come from that life - can only be measured

at the end，when all the seasons are up.

If you give up when it‘s winter，you will miss the promise of your

spring，the beauty of your summer，fulfillment of your fall. Don’t let the pain of

one season destroy the joy of all the rest.

Serious Floods

The Yangzte River is the longest river in China. And its important and helpful to us Chinese. But these days the Yangtze River is bringing us serious floods.

Many villages were destroyed by floods. The floods made hundreds of millions of people lose their homes, relatives and friends. Many children cant go to school as usual .Now the foods have drawn the attention of the whole world. People from abroad have offered their help too. In China, millions of soldiers are busy fighting against the floods. They are working very hard. Many of them have lost their lives in their attempt to save the villagers.

Though we cant help them to fight against floods, we should help them to rebuild their homeland. We can present them our pocketmoney and clothes. I believe most of the people will return to their homeland in the near future.

严重的水灾

长江是中国最长的河流。它对我们中国人十分重要。但现在长江给我们带来了严重的水灾。

许多村庄被洪水冲毁于。洪水使成千上万的人失去了家园，亲戚和朋友。许多孩子不能与平常——样去学校了。现在洪水引起了全球的注意。国外的人也给予了援助。在中国，上百万的战士忙于与洪水搏斗。他们努力工作，许多人在救村民时献出了自己的生命。

尽管我们不能帮助他们抗洪，但我们可以帮他们重建家园。我们可以捐出零花钱和衣服。我相信在不久的将来大多数人会回到家乡。

Since we went to school, we have been educated to be polite, no matter to

the young or old people. People follow the manner rules and have a nice

communication between each other, but some people ignore the rules and they

treat their rude behaviors as something cool. Today, people advocate the

individuality, so the young generation wants to do something different and catch

peoples attention. For example, they dont care other peoples feeling and

criticize others as they like, or just interrupt when other people is talking,

they just show what they want to say and they believe they are special and cool.

This is very rude behavior that they dont respect others and have the wrong

idea about individuality. We can do something special on the base of respect

others and follow the rules, or we are just the rude people.

Study has been the important part of our life. Some people believe that

when they go to work, they dont need to study anymore. It is the wrong

conception about study. We are not only learning the knowledge from books, we

are also learning things from life, so study is the lifelong mission.

The knowledge we learn from school provides us a way to explore the world.

In college, we need to learn professional skills, so we can find our place in

the society. I believe that besides the skills, the way to think is the most

important skill we should master. The ultimate goal of education is to let

people have their own judgement.

When we come to work, there are so many things for us to learn, such as how

to make better communication or how to improve our own professional skills.

Though we are not in school, we learn the practical knowledge all the time. The

world develops every minute and we need to move on, or we will be kicked

out.

Study is the lifelong career. We are happy to learn more knowledge, because

it means we are being perfect.

网络语言在丰富现代汉语内容的同时,也给传统语文教学、特别是中学作文教学带来了冲击。面对这一问题,语文教育工作者对网络语言既不能一味拒绝,也不能全盘接受,要正确引导学生处理规范语言和网络语言的关系,培养学生在写作过程中正确使用网络语言的意识。

信息和数字时代,由于计算机技术的飞速发展和网络的日益普及,“网民”这个群体呈逐渐壮大发展的趋势。新的交际环境呼唤新的交际方式,网民群体的年轻人挑战传统、崇尚创新,通过改造旧词、创造新词、运用数字表意、运用符号表情等方式对汉语和英语的词句进行改造,形成了一种应用语言变体——网络语言。

网络语言以其言简意赅、方便快捷、幽默诙谐等特点,受到众多青少年的追捧,进而大量出现在中学生作文之中。网络语言正冲击着传统语言表达习惯,试图突破常规,给作文教学带来了不容忽视的影响。网络语言对中学生作文教学的影响有正面的,也有负面的。对于网络语言,有人认为应该明令禁止,有人认为应该加强规范,还有人认为应该以一种宽容的态度任其发展。我们拟从当前中学作文教学中网络语言的正、反两方面影响出发,对这一问题作一管窥。

一、从网上走到网下的网络语言

所谓网络语言,从不太严格的意义上可以分为两类:一类是与网络有关的专业术语和特别用语,如主机、硬件、病毒、注销、路由器、防火墙等,使用范围以专业人员为主;另一类是网络交际中常用的词语和表达方式,如东东、菜鸟、美眉、大虾、246、TMD、我走先之类,主要用于网络聊天及网络交际。这两类网络用语不仅在使用范围上,而且在构成方式、风格特点等方面呈现出不同的面貌,其中后者吸引了更多的目光,是近年来语言研究和教学工作者争论的焦点。我们讨论的重点是第二类网络语言。

网络语言是伴随着二十世纪九十年代以来计算机和互联网的逐渐普及而产生的一种社会方言。从发展历史来看,它历时甚短,当然也远远谈不上成熟,但是却呈现出一种迅猛发展的态势。在互联网的OICQ、MSN、BBS、博客、聊天室等虚拟世界里,网络语言俯拾皆是。网络交际的虚拟性和便捷性,给人们带来了极大的自由,网络语言应运而生,赢得了无数人的青睐。网络语言发展到今天,已经初具规模,它主要由网络语汇、网络字符和网络数字语组成,这三部分都对现实交际有一定的渗透。“美眉”、“大虾”一类的字眼不仅挂在青少年学生的嘴边,就连电视、报刊等传统媒体也时常见到;网络字符常夹杂在手机短信中,让局外人不知所云。

网络语言既称“网络语言”,其使用范围本应该局限于网络。由于网络语言具有使用起来简单方便、能快捷迅速地把思维和情绪变成语言符号等特点,加之年轻人追求猎奇、讲求快捷、刻意创新、张扬个性的心理,它深受以中学生为主体的青少年网友的喜爱,以至于在他们的学习生活中也频繁地使用网络语言,成为青少年在现实生活中习惯采用的表达和交流方式。在这种情况下,中学生在网络语言冲击波中首当其冲,给语言学界和教育界提出新的课题。

二、网络语言影响下的中学生作文现状

作文教学遭遇网络语言是不可避免的。网络是语言的一个新载体,载体的变化往往造成语言风格和语体的变化,这的确给作文教学带来了一定的冲击。据《长春日报》报道,该市某中学一个12岁的学生写了一篇让老师感到匪夷所思的日记。日记的开头是:“昨晚,我的GG带着他的恐龙GF到我家吃饭。在饭桌上,他们一个劲地对我妈妈PMP,那样子真是好BT,7456,我只吃了几口饭,就跟他们886,到QQ上给我的MM打帖子去了。”这样的现象在中小学中已经是屡见不鲜了。还有如“看到他75我MM,我很:(,就过去K了他一下……”,“??那时,偶只是一只菜鸟,一晃三年,偶已经是高三的大虾了”。这样的中学生作文如今并不罕见,多数中学每个班级都存在或多或少使用网络语言写作文的现象,越来越多的学生写作文时运用“晕、囧、东东、酱紫、八卦”等字眼。更让众多老师颇感无奈的是,在高考、中考作文中也出现了掺杂网络语言、以网络小说方式叙述的现象,网络上流行的故意写错别字或歪曲本意全都出现在作文中。

网络语言与现实语言的摩擦日益明显。对于中学生来说,新奇、风趣的网络语言更能体现他们的独特个性,更让他们显得另类一些。有资料显示,青少年是“网络大军”的重要力量,而错位使用网络文字的主要也是他们。把网络语言写进作文,把网络语言当成常用语,引发了许多误会和笑话。

为了了解学生和以教师为代表的教育工作者对网络语言的看法,有人对华东地区某县级市第一中学高三学生和10位高三毕业班的语文老师进行了一次调查。部分调查结果如表1:

可见,尽管教师、家长对网络语言很不喜欢,特别是对于在考试作文中使用网络语言深恶痛绝,但是学生对它的追捧,使得作文中还是给网络语言留下了一席之地。

三、当前中学作文教学过程中对待网络语言的态度

语文课的任务是指导学生通过对口头语言和书面语言的学习,正确理解祖国的语言文字,积累语言材料,掌握运用语言的本领。而作文更是对语言进行运用的一种重要方式。

语言受到网络的冲击,作文也难免受到影响。对于当前中学生作文中出现的网络语言现象,语文教育界存在两种立场分明的态度,即否定性态度和肯定性态度,其中前者影响较大。  持肯定态度的人认为,应该以宽容的心态看待网络语言,在作文中使用网络语言,当然也未尝不可。如有学者认为:“文体和字体的演进都是与社会发展、科技文化发展相联系,网络出现后形成了网络语言和文字……语言是与时俱进的。”可见,这类学者对网络语言及其运用是基本肯定的,他们认为,对待网络语言应该宽容、顺其发展,不要损害了语言的多样性。网络语言是在特定的环境下,由许多人约定俗成的,有其诙谐、智慧的闪光点,如果一味地进行封杀,其实也就扼杀了学生的创造性。

语言的生命在于与时俱进,在于从生活中汲取营养。对于那些在长期的生活实践中已经约定俗成的语言要保留。对发展很快的网络语言不必紧张,没有生命力的自然会被淘汰,有生命力的则会流传下去,许多古代语言现象的消亡和现代语言现象的出现正说明了这个道理。因此,应该鼓励,至少不应该禁止学生在作文中使用网络语言。在一向被认为是正统的作文中适当运用一些网络语言,犹如给作文注入一股新鲜活力,使其显得生动、鲜活。总之,中学生作文中出现网络语言不仅无可厚非,一定情况下应该引导和鼓励。

四、中学作文教学中正确对待网络语言的态度及策略

我们认为,网络语言之于中学作文的利弊要全面看待。语言与我们的生活息息相关,这就注定了语言不是一成不变的,它会随着社会的发展而变化,而作为人类最重要的交际工具,它又必须规范,但这种规范并非个别人或某几位专家制定的规则,而是约定俗成的规范。语文教育的动力源于学生的生活。要想让他们学好语文、写好作文,就不可能不让他们零距离接触社会,让他们到社会中去实践。因此,面对无孔不入的网络语言,我们的教育工作者应该抓住契机,因势利导。

It was Mother’s Day. Sun Zheng thought he should do something for his

mother. He decided to help his mother do some housework. After school he went to

a shop to buy some food on his way home.

When he got home, he did his best to cook some nice food,though he couldn’t

do the cooking well. Thenhe cleaned the room. He felt very tired, but he was

very happy.

When his father and his mother came back and saw the clean rooms and dishes

which weren’t so nice, they were very happy.They had their supper together. His

mother said, "Thank you,my child!"

I have a dream. When I grow up, I want to be a scientist. I want to make a

robot by myself. It can help my mother to do the housework, help my father to

drive his car, and help me to walk my dog. I think my parents will like it very

much.

Since I went to middle school, I grew up very fast. On the one hand, I live

in school from Monday to Friday, so I need to learn to get along with roommates.

We share the cleaning work to make sure a good environment. It is everybodys

duty to sweep the floor on turn. On the other hand, I need to solve the problems

from life by myself. Without parents by my side all the time, I learn to face

troubles and figure out all the ways to solve them. I become much independent

and stronger. Now I can deal with my stuff alone.

Recently, we often show that shopping online is better than in store, but

is this really the case? Actually, there is no consensus of opinions among

people as to the view of shopping online is better than traditional shopping.

Some people consider that online shopping will replace the mall shopping, stores

will disappear in the future, while others argue that stores would unlikely to

be disappeared, it has its own advantages.

Most people shopping online because it is very convenient, there is no need

to go out, just click the mouse gently, they can buy the goods they want. In

addition, goods online are cheaper than entity shop that buyers can save a lot

of money. But even the coin has two sides. Online shopping also has advantages

and disadvantages. In recent years, we see a lot of news about online cheating,

and many buyers complain about poor quality of the goods, which is different

with the description.

However, the situation above is rare in traditional shopping store, because

the guest can communicate with the seller face to face. Buyers can also see

goods intuitively. But the traditional shopping does not convenience as well as

online shopping, for example, if people meet a traffic jam on the way to the

shopping which will affect the happy mood of shopping.

Another new term comes again,so i should have a study plan to promot

myself.

Firstly,i descide to finish my homework more carefully than before.And pay

more attention to the knowledge which i didnt know it clearly.

Secondly,i will do a lot of read to widen the range of my knowledge.and try

to combine thoery to practice.

Finally,i will learn to adjust, to be more positive and more helpful.

Thats what i plant to do in a new term.

As known as we all,education is important in modern society.Everyone ought

to be educated.So the teaching become more and more necessary,expecially the

college teaching.

China,like many other countries in the world,adapts written or oral

examination as the only way to measure a student’s school work.It seems that the

aim of school education is to achieve the temeness of students for society

rather than to cultivate the unique minds for the individuals.But we must

know,the school should to teaching the methods of learning,but not many

formulas.

Besides,most of school in china always think studying more important than

other activities,which is a wrong view.Obviously,active participation in school

activities can better our health as well as our study.Students need not only

work hard on their studies,but also often join the school various activities.The

most important is school should to make proper arrangements of physical

recreation and intellectual activities to enrich the school life,improve the

student’s comprehensive quality.

Throughout history man has changed his physical environment in order to

improve his way of life。 With the tools of technology he has altered many

physical features of the earth。 He has transformed woodlands and prairies into

farms and made lakes and reserviors out of rivers for irrigation purposes or

hydroelectric power。 Man has also modified the face of the earth by draining

marshes and cutting through mountains to build roads and railways。

However， mans changes to the physical environment have not always had

beneficial results。 Today， pollution of the air and water is an increasing

danger to the health of the planet。 Each day thousands of tons of gases e out of

the exhausts of motor vehicles。 Smoke from factories pollutes the air of

industrialized areas and the surrounding areas of the countryside。 The pollution

of water is equally harmful。 The whole ecological balance of the sea is being

changed and industrial wastes have already made many rivers lifeless。

Now environmental protection is more pressing than ever before。 As we know，

massive destruction of environment has brought about negative effects and even

poses a great threat to mans existence。 Indifference to these problems will

mean mitting suicide。 Therefore， effective measures should be taken and laws

passed to conserve environment。 Otherwise，man is certain to suffer from the

serious consequences caused by this lack of care for his living

surroundings。

Today is March 8, International Womens Day is to commemorate the world of

working women to fight for peace and democracy, womens liberation struggle

holiday.

Since yesterday, I discussed with my father on how to make my mother happy

over the holiday. I would first make a suggestion: "Give my mother to buy a new

phone." Dad thought for a moment, said: "Mom bought a mobile phone soon, you can

use, there is no need to change." Dad said: "We go out to buy some cosmetics,

her mother there." I am opposed to: "Moms cosmetics too much, many of which are

not all useful." My Father and I are anxious, and in the end what got her point?

We simply asked her what he wanted bar. But my mother said: "I do not want to

buy, I just want to sleep." I do not know why my mother this way, but I know my

mother is very hard to control more than 300 college students, daytime talk,

meetings, writing papers, fill out information and give students lessons, etc.

in the evening and students should check the study up the bedroom. If it is me,

I would like the mother, in addition to want to sleep, the other wants to do

nothing.

However, I and Dad are determined to give my mother, "International Womens

Day" gifts, things came back to buy her mother was shocked at my father bought a

goggles and a pillow, my mother smiled.

I wish Mom "Womens Day" Happy!

抗击疫情

在2020年的伊始，新型冠状病毒悄然闯入我们的世界。这是一场无硝烟的战争，也是一场全民参与的战争。

随着疫情的发展，人们也意识到了这次疫情的严重性。逐渐地，以武汉为首的封城封村向外扩散，这个行动可以隔离病毒，却不能隔离爱。

面对突发的疫情，逐渐恶化的形势，各地医疗队伍纷纷奔赴武汉。他们身上背负着国家的期望，人民的希望。所谓的英雄，就是平凡的人做出了不平凡的选择。

向白衣天使致敬。相信我们团结起来，共同行动，一定能够战胜疫情!

Fight against the virus

The beginning of twenty twenty,Novel coronavirus pneumonia broken into our

life quietly.It is a war without guns,and is also a war of full

participation.

With the epidemic situation development,people was aware of the severity of

situation.Gradually,Wu Han led to close the city and village.The action can keep

apart virus,but can’t keep apart love.

In the face of breaking virus and gradually failing position,medical team

hurried up to the front one after another in various parts.They had a heavy

responsibility on their shoulder.What is called the hero? Ordinary people made

extraordinary choice.

We pay reverence to the angel in white.I believe that we unite with

friends,make effort together.We can defeat the virus certainly.

As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of

relaxation.Once you are in the habit of rushing through life, being on the go

from morning till night,it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for

a healthy mind and body. Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is

no way to avoid it. In fact, it is not the bad thing as it is often supposed to

be. A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose

to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control can it lead to poor

performance and iiihealth. The amount of stress a person can withstand depends

very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress, and such

characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others

lose heart at the first signs of unusual difficulties. When exposed to stress,

in whatever form, we react both chemically and physically. In fact, we make a

choice between "flight or fight"and in more primitive days the choices made the

difference between life or death.The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so

extreme, but however little the stress, it involves the same response. It is

when such a reaction lasts long, through continued exposure to stress, that

health becomes endangered. Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and

heart diseases have established links with stress. Since we cannot remove stress

from our lives (it would be unwise to do so even if we could), we need to find

ways to deal with it.

Dear Jim,

I’m writing to tell you more about the new form of sharing bike--mobike

mentioned in your latest letter.

It’s very convenient to use if you have a smartphone. What you do is to

find a nearest mobike through the APP, scan the QR code on the bike, and enjoy

your trip.

Compared to other forms of sharing bike, the greatest advantage of mobike

is that you can easily find one and never worry about where to park it. It is

becoming a new trend as a means of transportation, which relieves the traffic

pressure and does good to the environment as well.

Hope to ride a mobike with you in China.

Yours,

Li Hua

A sunflower is a kind of beautiful and useful face is round and golden， looks like the sun. Thats why people call it sunflowers.向日葵时一种美丽而有用的植物。它的脸时圆形，金黄色，看上去像太阳，这就是为什么人们叫它为“向日葵”。 It faces the sun all the time during the autumn comes， sunflower fruit is le like eating them in their free s more， people can also make oil from them.在白天它一直面朝太阳。秋天到来时，葵花籽熟了。人们在休闲时喜欢吃葵花籽。而且，人们还用葵花籽榨油。 A sunflower brings us not only beauty but also delicious seeds.向日葵不仅给我们带来了美，而且提供了好吃的葵花籽。

In the current society, with the rapid development of the Internet,

shopping on the internet has been a fashion especially among the youngsters.

Online shopping has made our daily life become more convenient and feel

comfortable. In the first place, shopping on the Internet can save much time so

they would be able to concentrate more time and energy on their academic study.

In the second place, the Internet has provided kinds of goods to consumers, and

we can save much money through online shopping.

However, every coin has two sides, online shopping also has shortcomings.

We maybe buy some fake products online because of lacking of the face to face

communication with sellers. What’s more, the delivery will increase the risk of

items’ damage.

Weighing up these two arguments, I prefer the former, because shopping on

the internet has become more and more important to us in our daily life. We

should follow the footsteps of the times.

i do the normal routine, eat dinner, clean the house, write-the usual stuff. and then i lay down hoping to fall asleep quickly so my new day will hurry up and arrive. a new day with a brand new sun. but as i lay there and wait for the world to turn half way around, i think about her. and sometimes i smile, and sometimes that smile will turn into asnicker, and then often that snicker will turn into a burst of laughter.

我按平时的规律吃晚餐、打扫屋子、写作--做着日常事务。然后我躺下，希望能快点入睡，新的一天就能快点到来--拥有新生太阳的崭新的一天。可当我躺在那儿，等待着世界的日夜回转时，我想到了她。有时我会笑起来，有时那微笑变成了窃笑，然后窃笑又常常变成爆笑。

What kind of environment should be? Ought to be beautiful, but also should

be to let people feast for the eyes, but now all of you take a look at the

environment, beautiful? Let people feast for the eyes? The answer is no.

So what should we do? Today, Ill give you some advice to protect the

environment, the content is as follows:

We live earth is deteriorating rapidly, did we have to pay attention to

their own living environment cause harm to nature, you must not throw sundry,

especially those serious pollution of garbage, waste batteries, for example,

because the section waste batteries contain heavy metals, if flow to clean the

water, it is very much pollution, then try to save trees made items such as

paper, pencils, because waste these things is the destruction of the forest.

Also try to use less disposable lunch box, chopsticks and plastic bags and other

items, so as to avoid unnecessary waste and reduce waste.

There are some tips: walking to closing the master switch, in order to

avoid electrical appliances overheating explosion, a waste of money and waste of

electricity, save water, to shut the tap when brushing your teeth, wash dish

water to rice, rice water to water the flowers, wash water can sweep the floor,

so we can reduce some waste. 12 dont hunt wild animals, animal protection is

absolutely cant kill, but dont kill the common animals such as frogs, because

frogs eat 15000 bugs for us, and most are pests. Some people often dont think

that is, the stubborn still, so we should try to eat less wild animals, lead to

wild animals, the drop in sales no longer killing of wild animals.

Our forest is called oxygen plant, so to take good care of flowers and

plants, not to destroy the city greening, and actively participate in. But also

to cut down trees less, dont waste wood items, because waste these things is to

destroy the forest, so be used sparingly, to protect the forests of less and

less.

Use energy saving lamps to replace the ordinary light bulb, although some

expensive but can use less electricity. I appeal to you: in our daily actions to

protect earths environment, let our children and grandchildren live in a

beautiful environment!