英语论文摘要格式规范标准【汇集20篇】

摘要是正文的高度浓缩，是医学论文内容不加注释的评论和简短陈述。便于读(编)者了解全文的要点，便于做文摘和检索。因此，摘要应力求简明扼要，字数一般为200字左右，如是特殊情况字数可以略多。摘要可以独立使用，不过简亦不过繁，不要一般的套套空活，但也不要照搬图表、公式，不可用非沿用编写符号。有的期刊要求列出关键词，即选出3-5个代表论文主要内容的单词或术语，另起一行列于摘要后。医学论文关键词的选用应尽可能的用《医学主题词表》中的术语。讲座、综述、病案讨论、误诊教训、临床报道可以不使用。

Before Chinese students go to college, they have been told about the great

things on campus life all the time, so they have the motivation to study hard.

When they come to university, they begin to slow down their pace to study and

waste their youth.

Nowadays, a lot of college students lose motivation to move on when they

come to the new chapter of their life. Campus life seems to be relaxed and a

place to free themselves. Without the supervision from parents and teachers,

they choose to lose themselves in the computer games or all kinds of

parties.

So someone made the comment on campus life as the nursing house, which

satirized the students who wasted their precious time and youth to accomplish

nothing. It is the important stage for them to learn professional knowledge and

master skills, so as to be competitive and find their own place in the

world.

For a wise student, they make the plans and improve themselves all the

time. If we live the life as the old people in the nursing house, then it is

kind of committing suicide for a young person.

More and more people now show their great interests intraveling, because

traveling can bring us a lot of benefits.

To begin with, having worked hard for a few months, traveling can release

us from high pressure. More importantly, traveling can help us acquire more

knowledge. No matter how many books we have read, there is still plenty of

knowledge for us to learn from traveling, like history, culture, custom, and

geography of the places we visit. By the way, through traveling, we can meet

many new friends and taste different kinds of delicious food.

While some people are not interested in traveling at all, since traveling

will cost a great deal of money on transportation and accommodation, and they

may feel tired after sightseeing as well.

As far as I’m concerned, the advantages of traveling are more than its

disadvantages, so if our time and finance permit, we can travel to some nice

places every year, in order to make our life more colorful and vivid.

Every child has an idol in their heart. They chase the famous star and

dream to be part of them. Look at those idols, they are young and beautiful, and

the most important thing is that they are favored by a lot of fans, so I dream

to be a star. If I were a star, first, I could make a lot of money. With these

money, I could make my parents have a better life and return their love. The

most exciting thing is to have a lot of fans. They will support me all the time.

I also could see my talents and feel so proud of myself. But being a star means

lacking of time to company our families.

As the economy is developing so rapidly, people’s attitude towards life is changing at the same time. Credit cards are becoming more and more popular. but what advantages and disadvantages do they have?

Firstly, it is quite convenient ant safe for us to use a credit card. Cash-stolen does not exist in this way. People now take a card instead of a heavy purse wherever they go. Secondly, credit cards represent great honour. People using credit cards shows his special identity and draw others attention.

On the other hand, credit cards are not always that good. Credit cards can lead to overspending somehow. People pay more than they have and then get busy paying off. Furthermore the credit card cheating happens more often.

In my opinion, credit cards do good in our life. But we should use them carefully. Only when used credit cards properly can make contribution to a more convenient and safer life.

What impresses me most in Beijing is the Great Wall which is one of the

greatest projects in the world.

Its not only the cultural heritage, but also a symbol of China. "Its

glorious." I think. It looks like a big dragon running across the mountainous

area. It starts Shanhaiguan in the east to Jiayuguan in the west.Its so long that nobody can walk from the beginning to the end.It was firstly built in Qin Dynasty and prolonged in Ming and Qing

dynasties.It was used to protect the enemies from invading in the past, but now it

has become the place of interest which attracts so many tourists both at home

and abroad.

When I was standing on the top of the Great Wall, I felt as if I were in

ancient days.

I could see many laborers working very hard. How could they finish this

extremely difficult task by hand?

Tom is my best friend. Who is he? He is a dog. He is a special dog. My

father give him to me at my 10 year birthday. The moment I saw him, I love him.

His fur is white. He is very lovely. He knows how to make me happy. Everyday

when I come back from school, I will play with him. He is also smart. He will

drag my quilt if I sleep late. Besides, if my clock doesn’t alarm in the

morning, he will bark at me. See, he is so clever that I couldnt help loving

him.

Do your teachers still use traditional techniques to teach you nowadays? A

revol- ution in teaching techniques is required now. In the past, we just took

it for granted that a teacher s aim was to teach the students all that he knew

and solve all the problems for them. Therefore, students could mot judge things

on their own under this circumstance. Thus students gradually lost the ability

to learn by themselves. In addition, they were only equipped with the knowledge

that were taught in class and made the same judgement upon every problem which

might crop up. Of course, they would find their knowledge not enough to solve

practical problems.

So it is time to change the teaching method. A teacher s goal is to help

the students develop not only the ability to learn by themselves but the skills

to make judgements on every aspect on their own. It s not necessary for the

students to turn to teachers for help while meeting with difficulties. The first

thing is to develop the students abilities to make sound judgements upon any

problem and overcome difficulties.

All in all, the aim of teaching is to liberate, but mot to fetter the

students innate powers of making sound judgements.

I am in primary school now, and I like my campus so much. The first time I

walk in the school, I am attracted by its beautiful scenery. There are so many

green trees and colorful flowers around. The environment here is so lively. So

many students do the sports in the playground. The comfortable environment makes

me study in good mood.

The imperial palace, also known as the Forbidden City, is the imperial

palace of the Ming and qing dynasties, which is the largest and most complete

ancient architectural complex in China. I especially want to know the

architecture of ancient palaces and the living environment of ancient

emperors.

One weekend in the golden autumn, the sun is shining and the autumn wind is

crisp. My mother and I went to visit the Palace Museum in the center of the

city. I was very happy.

Enter the gate of the Forbidden City, "wow! Its so big here!" I couldnt

help it. The mother said, "the most spectacular is still in the back!" We first

visited the architectural model of the imperial palace and its construction. I

know that the imperial palace covers an area of over 720,000 square meters, with

more than 9,000 rooms, all wooden structures, and all the wooden structures have

no nails. The palace is the blue and white stone base, the tall roof, the yellow

glazed tile, the pattern of the dragon everywhere, and decorated with the

brilliant color of the golden wall. I observed all the palaces, and found that

the palaces were lined up along the north-south axis, and spread out to the

sides, to the north and south, and to the right and left. I told mom, I found

mother listen to nod a smile, said: "the central axis not only in the Forbidden

City, and nanda YongDingMen, north to the drum tower, almost throughout the

whole city. Its magnificent, well-planned and spectacular.

We have been visiting the taihe temple from the imperial garden. What a

breathtaking view! In the Forbidden City, the most striking is the "three halls"

: the hall of supreme harmony, the hall of harmony, the hall of protection and

the temple. They are all built on the 8-meter-high base of the white jade, which

looks like the qiong yuyu in the myth. The first hall of supreme harmony was the

most magnificent building. People called it the "throne room". It was the place

where the emperor held the grand ceremony. It is 28 meters high, 63 meters, 35

meters north and south, and a large pillar with a diameter of 1 meter. Among

them, six large pillars, one meter in diameter around the throne, are flat

dragon pillars of leached gold. The throne is located at the base of the two

meters high in the temple, with the graceful crane and the top of the furnace,

followed by a carefully carved screen. The whole hall is decorated with golden

walls, which are both majestic and magnificent. The hall of neutralization was

the place where the emperor went to the hall of supreme harmony to take a rest

and exercise etiquette. Baohe and the temple are the place where the emperor

gives banquet to the king of the foreign land every New Year. This is just the

palace buildings, and house decoration is numerous, the rarities of the mother

said: "these treasures is only part of it, when Chiang kai-shek fled to Taiwan

carried away many treasure palace, there are some loss in a foreign country". I

feel sorry for the loss of these treasures. When will these lost treasures

return to the embrace of the motherland? I am looking forward to the reunion of

Taiwan and mainland as soon as possible.

The visit of the Forbidden City made me linger. The Palace Museum is an

unparalleled masterpiece. It is a miracle. Our five thousand years of Chinese

culture are profound and profound, and we should be proud and proud to have

built such a magnificent palace for the ancients. At the same time, we also have

the responsibility to protect these cultural relics from destruction, so that

the five thousand years of splendid civilization of the motherland will be

handed down.

I love reading, which enriches my knowledge and helps me know more about

the world. I love the school atmosphere. Students study together here and make

progress gradually. My favorite place here is library. I can read many books

here. Once I have some questions, I can find a lot of information. We fight for

the goal and plan details in the library in group task. I have so many good

memories to study here, which makes me so happy. No matter which school I am in,

I will always find this quiet corner and study what I like. I love the feelings

there.

Halloween is an observance celebrated on the night of October 31,most notably by children dressing in costumes and going door-to-door collecting candy.It is celebrated in much of the Western world,though most common in the United States,Most other Western countries have embraced Halloween as a part of American pop culture in the late 20th century.

So,although some cults may have adopted Halloween as their favorite "holiday," the day itself did not grow out of evil practices.It grew out of the rituals of Celts celebrating a new year,and out of Medieval prayer rituals of Europeans.And today,even many churches have Halloween parties or pumpkin carving events for the kids.After all,the day itself is only as evil as one cares to make it.

万圣节是纪念庆祝10月31日晚,尤其是在服饰打扮儿童和挨家挨户上门收集糖果.这是在庆祝西方世界很多,不过大多数在美国,大多数其他西方国家接受,作为美国流行文化在20世纪后期的一部分万圣节.

因此,尽管有些邪教可能采用为他们最喜爱的“节日万圣节,”这一天本身却没有增加邪恶的作法.它的前身是在庆祝新年凯尔特人仪式,并指出欧洲中世纪的祈祷仪式.今天,甚至很多教会万圣节南瓜雕刻政党或为孩子们的活动.毕竟,这一天本身是邪恶的,只是作为一个关心使然.

Once man did not have to think about the protection of his environment。

There were few people on the earth， and natural resources seemed to be

unlimited。

Today things are different。 The world has bee too crowded。 We are using up

our natural resources，and polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals。 If

we continue to do this， human life on earth will not survive。

We realize that if too many fish are taken from the sea， there will soon be

none left。 Yet，with modern fishing methods， more and more fish are caught。We

know that if too many trees are cut down， forests will disappear。 Yet， we

continue to use powerful machines to cut down more and more trees。 We see that

if rivers are polluted with waste products， we will die。 Yet， waste products

are

still put into rivers。

We know that if the population continues to rise at the present rate， in a

few years， there wont be enough food。What can we do to solve these

problems?

If we eat more vegetables and less meat， there will be more food available。

Land for crops feeds five times more people than land where animals are

kept。

Our natural resources will last longer if we learn to recycie them。

The world population will not rise so quickly if people use modern methods

of birth control。

Finally， if we educate people to think about the problems we shall have a

better and cleaner planet in the future。

论文由论文目录(提纲)和题目、作者姓名、完成日期、摘要、关键词、正文、注释、参考文献、附录等项目组成。小编收集了标准论文的格式，欢迎阅读。

一、纸型、页面设置、版式和用字。

毕业论文一律用国际标准A4型纸(297mmX210mm)打印。

页面分图文区与白边区两部分，所有的文字、图形、其他符号只能出现在图文区内。白边区的尺寸(页边距)为：天头(上)25mm，地脚(下)20mm，订口(左)25mm，翻口(右)20mm。

文字图形一律从左至右横写横排。文字一律通栏编辑。

使用规范的简化汉字。除非必要，不使用繁体字。忌用异体字、复合字及其他不规范的汉字。

二、论文封面

封面由文头、论文标题、作者、学校、年级、学号、指导教师、答辩组成员、答辩日期、申请学位等项目组成。

文头：封面顶部居中，占两行。上一行内容为“河南广播电视大学”用小三号宋体;下一行内容为“汉语言文学专业(本科)毕业论文”，3号宋体加粗。文头上下各空一行。

论文标题：2号黑体加粗，文头下居中，上下各空两行。

论文副题：小2号黑体加粗，紧挨正标题下居中，文字前加破折号。

作者、学校(市级电大)、年级、学号、指导教师、答辩组成员、答辩日期、申请学位等项目名称用3号黑体，内容用3号楷体，在正副标题下适当居中左对齐依次排列。占行格式为：

作者：XXX

学校：XXX 年级：XXX 学号：XXX

指导教师：XXX 职称：XXX

答辩组成员：

XXX(主持人) 职称：XXX

XXX 职称：XXX

……

答辩日期：X年X月X日

申请学位：学士(不申请可省略此项)

由于论文副题可有可无，学位可申请可不申请，答辩组成员可以是3、5、7人，封面内容占行具有不确定性，为保持封面的整体美观，可对行距做适当调整。

三、论文

论文由论文目录(提纲)和题目、作者姓名、完成日期、摘要、关键词、正文、注释、参考文献、附录等项目组成。

需要列目录的论文，目录要独占一页。“目录”二字用3号黑体，顶部居中;以下列出论文正文的一、二级标题及参考文献、附录等项及其对应页码。用小4号宋体。

论文题目用3号黑体，顶部居中排列，上下各空一行;

作者姓名：题目下方居中，用四号楷体。

完成时间：作者姓名下方居中，字样为“X年X月”，用四号楷体。

摘要：作者姓名下空一行，左起顶头，写明“摘要”字样加粗，点冒号，接排摘要内容。一般用五号字，字体用楷体。

关键词：摘要下方，左起顶头，写明“关键词”字样加粗，点冒号，接排关键词。词间空一字。字型字体同摘要。

正文：关键词下空一行开始。正文文字一般用5号宋体，每段起首空两格，回行顶格，单倍行距。

正文文中标题：

一级标题。标题序号为“一、”，4号黑体，独占行，末尾不加标点。如果居中，上下各空一行。

二级标题，标题序号为“(一)”，与正文字体字号相同，独占行，末尾不加标点;

三、四、五级序号分别为“1.”、“(1)”和“①”，与正文字体字号相同，一般不独占行，末尾加句号。如果独占行，则不使用标点。每级标题的下一级标题应各自连续编号。

注释：注释采用脚注形式。加注符号以页为单位排序，标在须加注之处最后一个字的右上角后，用带圈或括弧的阿拉伯数字依次标示。同时在本页留出适当行数，用横线与正文分开，左起空两字后写出相应的注号，再写注文。每个注文各占一段，用小5号宋体。建议使用电脑脚注功能。

参考文献：在正文项目后空两行左起顶头用四号黑体写明“参考文献”，另起行空两格用5号宋体编排参考文献内容，每个参考文献都另起行。参考文献的项目见“实施方案”正文。

Xiamen is a major city on the southeast coast of the Peoples Republic of

China.It is administered as a sub-provincial city of Fujian province .

The local vernacular is Amoy,a dialect of Southern Min,also called

Hokkien.Amoy is widely used and understood across the southern region of Fujian

province as well as overseas.While it is widely spoken in and around Xiamen,the

Amoy dialect has no official status,and the official language of all government

business is Mandarin.

Xiamen and its surrounding countryside is known for its scenery and

tree-lined beaches.Gulangyu,also known as Piano Island,is a popular weekend

getaway with views of the city and features many Victorian-era style European

edifices.Xiamens Botanical Garden is a nature lovers paradise.The Buddhist

Nanputuo Temple,dating back to the Tang Dynasty,is a national treasure.Xiamen is

also famous for its history as a frontline in the Chinese Civil War with Taiwan

over Jinmen (also known as Jinmen or Quemoy) 50 years ago.One attraction for

tourists is to view Kinmen,a group of islands a few kilometres away and under

Taiwanese control,from Xiamen island.

2020年的春节，在所有中国人的心里，注定是一个永生难忘的记忆。新型冠状病毒的肆虐，让辞旧迎新的钟声更加沉重，人们脸上的那一个个口罩，让这个春节倍感冷清。

The Spring Festival in 2020, in the hearts of all Chinese people, is

destined to be a memorable memory forever. The novel coronaviruss raging force

makes the bell ring for the old and new year more heavy, and the mask on

peoples faces makes the Spring Festival feel cold.

这个冬天，梅花依然宁静地开放;这个冬天，蓝天依旧明净如洗;这个冬天的武汉却非常艰难，全国人民却非常艰难。在这特殊的日子里，我们谨遵医嘱，静静地待在家中。我们为武汉忧心忡忡，我们为治愈病例的增多而感到高兴，为武汉的人们牵肠挂肚。

This winter, the plum blossom is still quietly open; this winter, the blue

sky is still bright and clean; this winter, Wuhan is very difficult, but the

people of the whole country are very difficult. On this special day, we would

like to follow the doctor s advice and stay at home quietly. We are worried

about Wuhan, we are happy with the increase of cured cases, and we are worried

about people in Wuhan.

与此同时，有一群人，他们正冲在前方，用自己的平凡之躯为身后的亿万中国人筑起防护的堡垒,他们舍小家为大家，不眠不休，战斗在这场没有硝烟的战场上的最前沿。他们是来自全国各地的最美逆行者，他们是新时代的最美先锋人物，他们是可亲可敬的白衣天使。

At the same time, there are a group of people, they are rushing forward,

using their ordinary bodies to build a fortress for the hundreds of millions of

Chinese people behind them. They leave their small homes for everyone,

sleepless, fighting in the forefront of this battlefield without smoke of

gunpowder. They are the most beautiful rebels from all over the country. They

are the most beautiful pioneers in the new era. They are amiable and respectable

angels in white.

在这群人当中，有一位84岁的老院士，叫钟南山，17年前，这位老院士奋斗在抗非的最前线上，为抗击非典立下了汗马功劳。17年后的今天他临危受命，搭上前往武汉的高铁，再次前往抗击疫情的前线;86岁的董宗祁老教授，他坐在轮椅上，一上午看了30多个病人，他说：“我这辈子，就是为了救人”;73岁的李兰娟教授，知道国家有难，她毫不犹豫前往武汉，坚定地说出她的誓言：“我打算长期待在武汉，与那边的医护人员一起奋斗!”

Among these people, there is an 84 year old academician named Zhong

Nanshan. 17 years ago, the old academician fought in the forefront of anti

Africa and made great contributions to the fight against SARS. 17 years later,

he was ordered to take the high-speed railway to Wuhan and go to the front line

of fighting the epidemic again. Professor Dong zongqi, 86, sat in a wheelchair

and saw more than 30 patients in the morning. He said, "my life is to save

people"; Professor Li Lanjuan, 73, knew that the country was in trouble. She did

not hesitate to go to Wuhan and firmly said her oath: "I intend to stay in Wuhan

for a long time and fight with the medical staff there!"

这世上哪有什么岁月静好，只是因为有人在替我们负重前行罢了，这世上哪有什么天生的英雄，只有因为人们需要，才有人愿意牺牲自己成为英雄。

There is no time in this world that is quiet, just because someone is

carrying the weight for us. There is no natural hero in this world. Only because

people need, can someone be willing to sacrifice themselves to become a

hero.

虽然我不知道他们是谁，但我明白他们是为了谁。他们也许并不富裕，甚至有些贫穷;他们也许并不高大，甚至有些瘦弱;他们也许并不光鲜，甚至有点卑微，他们的形象在我心中是那样模糊，但他们的精神在我心中却是那样鲜明;不计生死，不求回报，默默坚守的他们，守护着健康，保卫着生命。

Although I dont know who they are, I know who they are for. They may not

be rich, or even poor; they may not be tall, or even thin; they may not be

bright, or even a little humble, their image in my heart is so fuzzy, but their

spirit in my heart is so bright; regardless of life and death, do not ask for

return, they stick to silently, guard health, protect life.

普通的我们无法到达正面战场与病毒作战，我们只能做好我们的后勤工作，不出门，少出门，勤洗手，戴口罩，这是为了不给他们添麻烦，祝愿他们平安早日凯旋。

Ordinary we cant reach the front battlefield to fight against the virus.

We can only do our logistical work well, not going out, not going out, washing

hands frequently, wearing masks, so as not to give them trouble, and wish them a

safe and early victory.

彩虹为证，千古不变，我要高歌。为生命喜悦，万物都歌颂你的慈爱，大地诉说你的恩情。

Rainbow as evidence, eternal, I want to sing. For the joy of life, all

things sing of your love, and the earth speaks of your kindness.

致敬白衣天使!

Salute the angel in white!

致敬最美逆行者!

Salute the most beautiful rebel!

致敬抗击疫情的每一个人!

Pay homage to everyone fighting the epidemic!

Chinese New Year starts with the new moon on the first day of the new year

and ends on the the full days later. In china,people regard Spring Festival as

the most important thing.People studied and worked throughout the year.No matter

how far and how busy, they must do their best to go back home.Thats a tradition

and now becoming a habit. During this time,transport is extremely busy.Although

the way is difficult,it cant reduce the urgent feeling of going home.I cant

describe this feeling,only the people that experienced it can

understand.Actually,on one hand,people miss their family,and they need to get

comfort in the family.On the other hand,getting together is a symbol of

blessedness and auspiciousness.People in other country dont have this

consciousness that going home is necessary.For example,American could celebrate

the Christmas in everywhere they like or with anybody.This diversity is

occasioned by different culture between two countries.

On Spring festivals eve,the whole family prepare the dinner.Of

course,dumplings is essential.In the

evening,family members always sit at the television and watch Spring

Festival Gala.At 0:00,people set off firecrackers and fireworks,at the same

time,children pay New Year,s call to old people.The old people give money to the

children as a lunar new year gift.Usually,people stay up late or all night.

On lunar New Years Day, the Chinese family eat vegetarian dumplings which

imply they will plain and neat in this year. People change their new

clothes,this stands for a new beginning.Next,people visit relatives with some

gifts.The second day is son-in-laws festival,the husband and married women

visit their side of the family.In a word,Chinese attach great importance to

Spring Festival.

Every morning you can see the sun rising in the east The sun gives us light

When you stand in the sun you can feel the heat The sun gives us heat from very

far away The sun is about one hundred and fifty million kilometers away It looks

small because it is so far from us, but it is actually very very big

The earth goes around the sun It takes the earth a year to go around the

sun Plants, animals and people need the sun We cannot live without the sun.

One Sunday morning , my mother and I are in a fruit shop . I like fruit

very much , so I want to buy some fruit . There are a lot of fruits in the shop

. Look , the watermelons are green and big , the bananas are yellow and nice ,

the apples are red and sweet . I like pears very much , so my mother buys three

kilos of pears for me . And my father likes bananas , so my mother buys two

kilos of bananas for him .

We are very happy .

Nowadays,there is a increasing number for people to join in the activities

of volunteering.Its well-known that volunteering job is making contribution to

the society with nothing in return.Its like the Leifeng spirit.However,knowing

this,there are still many people would like to devote themseves in this

trend.For instance,the 20__ Beijing Olympic Games has so many volunteers.They

made lots of contribution to the success of opening the Olympics.Moreover,we can

often see that there many students go to geroium to visit the old to bring warm

to the lonely people.Even there are some peoples career is volunteer.They are

ready to help others.Although the volunteers are much more mon,we still need to

thanks them to admire them devoting themseves to the society.

如今，有越来越多的人加入到志愿服务行业。众所周知，志愿者工作是对社会的无私贡献。就像雷锋精神一样。然而，虽然意识到这一点但还是有很多人愿意奉献于这个行业。例如，20__年北京奥运会有这么多的志愿者。他们为奥运会的成功举行做了很多的贡献。此外，我们经常能够看到，有很多学生去敬老院看望老人给他们带去温暖。甚至有些人的职业就是志愿者。他们时刻准备好去帮忙别人。虽然志愿者是越来越常见了，但我们仍然要感谢他们钦佩他们为社会奉献自我。

Now many students of Grade 9 are under too much pressure. They always feel

too tired to listen to the teachers carefully in class.

It’s important for students to relax. Only in this way can they study well

and be healthy. Here are some different ways to relax themselves. For example,

they can try to have enough sleep,or they can listen to their favourite music

after class. They can also read some books or do some sports. For me, I often

hang out with my friends.

While you are studying, don’t forget to relax. You will study better after

a good rest.