读后感的基本写作方法精选15篇 作文英语汇编20篇

我们知道英语作文的生产过程，如果需要两大能力，可以简化的看成考核了两个部分，一个是你有没有思路。很多人说话写作是缺乏必要的内容的。第二个是语言表达是否能够到位、准确和丰富。现在在市面上很多的考试中，比如说文章真正有意义，能够出观点的，或者是能够有深度的文章我们能够出一个比较漂亮的写作框架的这种是比较少的。我给大家其中的一样东西是，拿到任何一个话题，一定要学会变成具体的现象，雅思的考试是国际性和非专业性，考官为了保证国际上各个地方的人都能谈出自己的东西，所以和社会上的一些热点紧密相连的。 通过一个思维的转换，把一个单纯的作文题目，把它具体化，具体化之后马上能够出具体的框架。

比如我拿另外一个环节给大家讲一下， 就是谈了观点之后，如何出问句，我们现在说举例子是最常见的方法。有一点要提醒大家，写作和口语都很欢迎具体的例证。中国人我们比较的讲究人证，西方人不能讲究法证，法政就是要尽可能的给一些具体的实例和数据。举例子的过程中，一个请你注意内容的切题，还有一个是注意语言的简洁概括。我们很多的同学例子举的不错，但是语言如果太罗嗦的话，会冲淡色彩。

一年一度专业技术职称评审开始了，怎么样写好专业技术职称总结？是大家普遍关心的问题，也是伤脑筋的问题，为了让大家顺利通过专业技术职务评审，特请一位长期从事职称改革工作的同志，谈一谈这个问题。

专业技术工作总结，应该属于总结类的文章，与一般的总结类文章差不多。但也有独特的特点，是职称评审重要组成部分，是评委评价自己的重要依据，也是自己水平、能力、成果的展示，同时也是任职以来重要经验总结。总结写得好不好，影响到专家对你的评价，也会影响到自己能不能通过。所以写好专业技术总结很重要。

申报职称的自我评价如何写？

一是先简要介绍自己是基本情况，如现任职称、任职时间、毕业学校、政治面貌、现从事的专业技术工作。担任那些社会职务。

二是自己政治思想，工作态度，履行岗位职责情况。

三是详细地叙述自己任职以来从事的专业技术工作。即主持那些课题，课题进展，有那些创新，取得那些突破，通过那类鉴定，获得什么奖励，专家对此评价。

四是发表那些论文。

五是获得的奖励。

理解了不同类型的想象作文的不同写法，才能有的放矢。针对小学生的年龄特征，可以从以下方面进行训练。想象作文是对想象的场景或事物的描述。下面是小编整理的想象作文的写作方法，希望对你有帮助！

1、创设情境法。

如：创设特定的情境：“星期天，我穿上一双崭新的足球鞋，急匆匆地下楼……”让学生想象下楼后会发生什么事，会出现怎样的情景。

2、情节改写法。

如：续写《狐假虎威》：当狐狸成功骗过老虎逃脱后，再次遇上老虎发生了什么事情。更有甚者，可以改变故事的内容。如：大家熟知的童话故事《小刺猬美容记》可用以小刺猬美容为主题编写一个新故事。有个孩子编的故事很有趣，他写世界各国的刺猬要参加选美大赛，各国刺猬按本国标准进行了美容，准备去参赛，例如阿拉伯刺猬头裹长巾，身披白袍;美国刺猬用油彩把刺涂成七色，像条彩虹……孩子想象多么新奇有趣。

3、编写故事。

以词句联缀法为例。给学生几个看似风马牛不相及的词句，让学生在一个特定的情节中，以这些词句为线索展开想象，编一个有情节有内容的故事，写一篇作文。如：特级教师贾志敏在《怎样写一件事》的电视作文教学中用，“闷热、冷饮、青蛙、一元钱”几个词语，让学生编一个故事情节完整的记叙文。结果学生思维活跃，编了一个个故事情节生动有趣的故事，想象力受到有效的训练。

4、畅想未来。

如理想型想象作文，通过对自身能力和未来的想象，表达自己的生活理想，如《假如我会飞》、《假如我是校长》。又如，幻想型想象作文，通过对未来和外层空间的想象，表达对人类未来的美好憧憬和向往，如《海底住宅》、《太空旅行记》。可以引导学生以科学的思维形式表达自己的幻想，在幻想天地间翱翔。

此外，作为老师和家长还要引导学生平时多读有益的课外书，多参加有益的社会活动，以此来充实自己，丰富自己。只有把两者结合起来，才能有效地提高学生的作文能力和创新能力。

The character of Heidi show kindneand innocence of happineand joy. After reading this book, I read a lot. I saw Heidi be happy in doing good, helping others. Heidi used the pure personality and love to warm her the appearance of indifference but kind-hearted grandfather. She accompanied the blind grandmother talk, chat, make what is invisible blind grandmother found a life of joy and fun, grandma is no longer lonely. She helped kind paralyzed girl Clara, in Heidi and uncle "s encouragement, Clara used his power to learn to walk. And the young Peter under the influence of Heidi, also gradually began to learn, to be an honest child. See these touching stories, my heart was touched, I saw Heidi that pure, that a kind heart, and Heidi was really brilliant character.

I want to learn more about Heidi. Heidi"s age is small, but it is a very touching charm. I saw Heidi the love life of the mind. She told everything is so active, unlike me, take mincing steps. Her outspoken personality is also very worthy of my learning, and I should like Heidi has a decisive, straightforward character. Don"t hesitate, irresolute and hesitant.

I saw Heidi hot heart of nature: whether to others, or to the animal, are treated equally, always slowly pacify her Swan and little bear. The sheep are very like Heidi. See Heidi always fall over each other to Heidi came. I also know: you want others to respect you, there is a premise : that is, you must respect others. Now humans random killing various kinds of animal, animal is the human will run in to see. Although some people respect the animal, but after all, only a few. The human side say repeatedly repeatedly said is our animal friends, while the hunted animal cruelty. Let the animal to see human could not escape?

Reading this book, my deep feeling. You are right. To be full of love, love can overcome loneliness, love can beat the disease, love will bring us happiness.  Little Heidi is indeed a people know how to love life, love nature, care about others!

读完《红楼梦》，不是滋味，似有些许感触。孰为宁荣二府家破人亡，或为红粉佳人香消玉陨，抑或为木石前盟、金玉良缘烟销云散?《红楼梦》是中国文学秀的长篇章回小说，它的巨大成就突出表现在复杂而又和谐的结构，布局上。序幕拉开，出场引线人物，甄士隐(真事隐)，贾雨村(假语存)，意思是把真事隐(甄士隐)去，用假语村言(贾雨村言)写出，为闺阁昭传。纵观《石头记》，这石头沾染的胭脂味还是挺浓的，书中众闺阁裙钗个个堪称是巾帼豪英，须眉男子则个个都是坏男人。曹先生可谓是女权主义第一人，反对男尊女卑，甚至有点重女轻男。他为女儿摇旗呐喊，颂扬讴歌，天生人为万物之灵，凡山川日月之精秀，只钟于女儿，须眉男子不过是些渣滓浊沫而已。

《红楼梦》体现了一种落败的趋势，不管是仕途的、家族的，还是爱情的。这在喜聚不喜散、爱好大团圆的中国传统中是不可多见，当然也应是不可或缺的。萧史弄玉、相如文君、张生莺莺等等，俱是才子配佳人，但宝黛钗的三角恋却是以悲剧收场。我不得不感谢高鹗，尽管他在很多方面达不到曹雪芹的水平，但他至少让黛玉死了，不，应说是辞世或登仙，至少她别了宝玉，很好。对于她来说，死是她所有悲剧的总结，是她的解脱，是她的终结。当她在地下安静地沉眠时，看着宝玉人在凡世寻找出路，不得不说，她是幸福的。不是我天生残忍看悲剧，但不是有这样两句，塞翁失马，焉知非福?物极必反，否极泰来?黛玉这大观园里的出水莲，逆和孤僻，特立独行，卓尔不群，花前痴读西厢豪无避讳，言随心至，始终执着着自己的那份纯真，那份质本洁来还洁去，强于污淖陷渠沟。大观园中，伤感着花谢花飞花满天，红消香断有谁怜?潇湘馆前，悲叹着一年三百六十日，风刀霜剑严相逼，落得个一缕香魂随风散。

《红楼梦》是一本奇书，自问世以来，人们对它的研究工作一直没有间断过，并产生了一种专门的学问——红学。同是一部红楼梦，经学家看到了易，道学家看到了__，才子佳人看到了缠绵，革命家看到了排满，流言家看到了宫闱秘事……这点我倒是相信的，倒是那种说现代科技、文化，林林总总，都蕴藏在《红楼梦》中，就实难苟同。本来薄薄的一本书却硬要把大千世界都塞进其中，未免太不理智了，难道我们会因此而受益。正如口香糖再好吃也不能当饭吃，也不能不停、永远地嚼下去!

英文写作是一种综合能力训练，临阵磨枪是不能取得好成绩的，也是不可取的，应该重视平时的英语作文训练。下面是小编帮大家整理的英语写作教学方法，希望大家喜欢。

高考英语作文占25分，有着不可忽视的比重，它足可以说明写作教学在高中英语教学中占有相当重要的位置。然而高考现状却不乐观，部分学生由于平时缺乏足够的训练，所以对英语写作要么感到无从下手，充满畏难情绪，胡乱写些英语单词或不着边际的句子充当字数，权作心理慰藉；要么用词不当，构句无章，错误频出，行文不流畅，表达不地道，无写作质量可言。如何提高学生的写作水平和促进写作教学呢？笔者认为应注意下列几个问题：

一、注重写作教学的基本训练阶段

语言教学最高层次是应用。英语属于结构语言，它有自己的基本句型、固定搭配、固定短语等，这些都是不可变的，要想在写作中用上它们，用好它们，必须加强这方面的基本训练。首先，加强五种基本句型结构教学。几乎所有的英语句型都是五种句型的扩大、延伸或变化，因此训练学生“写”就要抓住五种基本句型的训练，让他们把这五种基本句型记牢，不断运用。五种基本句型是：

(1)S＋V；

(2)S＋V＋O；

(3)S＋V＋O＋O；

(4)S＋V＋P；

(5)S＋V＋O＋C。

五种基本句型虽然能表达一定的意思，但无法比较自由地表达思想，因此还必须对学生进一步进行扩句训练，在课堂上充分发挥学生的想像力，进行扩句练习。其次，加强句型教学，要对一些句子进行分析，增强他们利用各种句子进行一意多种表达的训练。再次，充分利用新教材中“巩固语言的练习，”对学生进行基本语感的训练。

二、注重写作训练的多样化

听、说、读、写四种技能是相互依赖的，说的能力有赖于听的能力，进而有助于写作。听是理解和吸收口头信息的手段。听和读是输入，只有达到足够的输入量，才能保证学生具有较好的说和写的输出能力。因此，在日常的教学中要注重写作训练的多样化。

首先，在Dialogue的教学中，除了听录音、对话、表演和编写相似的对话外，还要求学生把对话改写成一段短文，这样就要求学生在变成短文的过程中，注意时态、语态、人称和前后的逻辑关系，从而为写作打下基础。

其次，在Reading教学中，回答问题时要求学生必须用自己的语言，且人称、时态要做相应的变化，这样既能搞懂本意，又能用同义句表达，提高了表达能力。还要让学生用课文中的词组进行复述，学生复述课文不是件容易的事，既要把握课文中的重点，逻辑关系，又要用自己的语言把主要内容表达出来。这样既锻炼了他们组织篇章结构、句子与句子之间逻辑关系的能力，又提高了语言的精炼度，使自己的写作能力有了很快地提高。

再次，在“Listening”教学中，除了让学生听懂做完听力练习之外，还让他们把练习作为guide进行复述听力材料，有时还让他们写在作文本上。

三、注重写作训练的规范化

高中起始阶段的写作训练，培养学生的写作模式是非常重要的。我按教师用书上说明的写作步骤，即：①构思(讨论题目)；②写提纲(理顺思想的逻辑关系)；③起草(打草稿)；④校订(检查错误，重新安排内容)；⑤修改(定稿)。对学生进行写作模式的训练。这样看起来比较麻烦，但避免了反复，养成了好的写作习惯。再就是书写和文体格式要规范。严格要求学生正确、端正、熟练地书写字母、单词和句子，注意大小写和标点符号，养成良好的书写习惯。。同时对各种文体特点、格式要讲清楚，使学生熟悉规范的书面表达形式，用正确的标准评析和规范自己的书面表达。

四、注重教师的指导作用

教师批改是写作教学的有机组成部分，批改过程中，教师的指导作用就在于肯定学生的成绩，指出错误，给学生以恰当的评价。但在批改过程中，如果抓住学生的错误不放，有错必纠，改到最后，就变成了教师自己的作品；如果对错误视而不见，写得再多也收效甚微。我根据教学实践，对于新教材中的“有指导的写”的写作训练，规定学生限时写完，同桌、前后桌互相批改，重新行文，再上交。这样批改起来就非常轻松，而且典型错误，很容易找出，有利于讲评。对于新教材中的“自由写作”训练，我指导学生弄清主题，抓住要点，组词造句，安排好顺序，过渡到段落形成短文，多用熟悉的单词和句型，多用五种基本句型表达。然后让学生共同研究，互相评论写好的草稿，以便最后写出修改的稿子来，这就有助于减轻教师修改作业的负担，也有利于学生写作水平的提高。

总之，英文写作是一个学生综合能力的书面体现，是一个长期复杂的训练过程。因此，培养学生的写作能力不能一蹴而就，而要在平时从学生的实际水平出发，有目的、有计划、有要求、有检查、有反馈地进行，由易到难，循序渐进。只有这样，到高考时才能做到厚积薄发、思如泉涌、下笔如有神。

This story’s name is “The little prince”。 As it known to all， we will encounter a lot of difficulties， even hardships. Different people may have different ways to deal with them. After reading The Little Princess， I am deeply impressed by Sara’s way to deal with difficulties. The Little Princess was written by Frances Hodgson Burnett， a famous novelist and dramatist. Sara， the heroine of the novel， was born in a rich family. In order to get a better education， her father took her from India to London so that she could go to the best school. Because Sara was kind-hearted， generous and most of all—rich， she was loved by everyone. All went well until her father died in an accident. Everything changed pletely. She didn’t understand why the teachers and classmates treated her so badly. Even the principal who used to be fond of her， made her work 16 hours a day. Sara’s miserable life began.When I finished reading the book， I was shocked by what the unimaginable pain Sara had suffered after her fa爱国名言

ther’s death. She used to be a happy， worriless， and rich Princess， but now she was a lonely and poor servant. She had to work very hard without any rest but only had little food. Besides she had to endure the unfriendly and even rude ways that her classmates treated her. All teachers and students in the school looked down upon her. The most important fact is that Sara had lost the love and care of her parents.What a mighty pain! If you were Sara， could you stand such pain? Needless to say， an 11 years old girl， even if it were an adult， he might not put up with it. But to my surprise， Sara faced it bravely.

Despite of the torture of the principal and all those pressures above， she still was optimistic towards life. By reading this novel， I felt inspired and think much. When we meet such difficulties， what should we do? Some people always plain that the fate is unfair to them. Some people can’t sustain the hardships and choose to give up. Few of them even try to mit  because they lack the courage to overe it. Compared with Sara—an eleven years old girl who can treat the pressure of life with optimistic spirit， these people’s performances are sounded so lamentable. Why can’t they make it?However， what impress me most are her characteristics and the thought of her “being a real princess.” This “real princess” does not mean luxury palaces， beautiful clothes and the apple of the others’ eyes， but being kind， generous and having good manners. It is unnecessary for “a real princess” to be strong in body， but she must be strong in will. Sara is a real princess in my heart all the time， whether she was rich and wore beautiful clothes in the classroom or she was cold and hungry in the attic， just because she had the good characters and kind heart. The story went on. Fortunately， a friend of Sara’s father found her and told her that her father left a great sum of money to her. I pray and believe that every good person in the world deserve a good result， and of course， we are the same.

导语：写作方法的熟练，合理运用，能使得文章的结构更加完整，主题表达更加清晰，下面和小编一起来看看高中写作方法：援引添辉造语。希望对大家有所帮助。

高考作文的形式方面，语言是最受关注的。古人说话讲究辞令，写文章讲究文采。别林斯基认为，文章内容再好，如果没有文采，“有如一个面貌丑陋而心灵却伟大的女人，可以对她敬仰，但要喜欢她是不可能的。”何况，考场作文由于篇幅所限，与其在不易打造“亮点”的内容上孤注一掷，不如在文章的“外衣”——语言上精心包装，如句式的长短合理、字面的干净洗练，段落的张弛有度……就这种单纯形式上的美感对阅读者的心情影响也很大的。一个成熟的写作者会熟练的在文面上打造自己的文章，使其看起来“团结紧张，严肃活泼”。

但应当注意，这几年大部分的高考一类卷，以语言朴实清淡见长的十分鲜见，抢人眼球的多为名句迭出排比铺陈的“美文”。值得注意的是，最高的文采，是“内涵的文采”;堆砌华丽的辞藻，写成新的“骈体文”，决不是真正意义上的“有文采”。真正让人注目的是优美畅达的语言背后流淌着思想之源。语言是思想的载体，最要讲究与思想的匹配。有人说，语言是思想的外衣。外衣的美丑会影响人们对“穿衣者”的印象的，而这“外衣”最要紧的是“得体”;一味求美而失之得体，美会向丑转化。如果思想是个婴儿，穿着成人外衣，再美也会给人以“家庭贫困”之感;如果思想是个男子，穿着女性外衣，再美也令人作呕;如果思想是具僵尸，套着绫罗绸缎，再高贵也没人会多看一眼。缺少思想的源头活水，“为优美而优美”，则华而不实，甚至弄巧成拙，想得高分，是困难的。因此追求语言之美，先在准确、得体上下功夫，在此基础上的追求典雅优美，才能相得益彰。这是应该先予说明的。

灿若星汉、绵延炳焕的名家典故与诗文，是我们中华文化宝库中的瑰宝，比诸世界任何国家来得丰富多彩，这是值得我们自豪的。这些名家典故诗文，是思想与智慧的结晶，文质兼美的精品，内容包罗万象，应有尽有，让我们取之不尽。考生在课内外积累了许多名家典故诗文，考场中倘若善于援引或化用名家典故诗文之花，则可点缀自己的作文大放异彩!不无夸张地说，高考作文中多用一处名家典故诗文，就可多一个亮点，多一份文采，多一点展示文化文学底蕴的机会，在总成绩的天平上多一枚重重的砝码。

援引可有如下具体的操作：

1.巧借熟语显睿智。“正确使用熟语”是2004年以来高考新增的考点，它包含成语、俗语、谚语、格言、歇后语等，报刊上巧用熟语的，仅是文章标题就很多，如《考试马拉松要不得》、《有心栽花花更发》、《人情消费，温柔一刀》等等。如能在文中恰当使用，可化平淡为神奇，起到锦上添花之效。如：

古人说：“上有天堂，下有苏杭。”古往今来，美丽的西湖承载了多少中国文人的梦幻?苏轼虽被贬至此，然而他没有悲怆，没有怨天尤人，既来之，则安之，一蓑烟雨任平生。他懂得了“为官一任，造福一方”、“当官不为民做主，不如回家卖红薯”的简单道理。于是，一道苏堤便横卧西湖，他要让西湖储藏的心灵，淹没他所有的痛苦、所有的忧伤。(福建考生《苏轼的赤壁》)

“怨天尤人”“既来之，则安之”“当官不为民做主，不如回家卖红薯”等熟语的使用使得文章语言清新灵动，熠熠生辉，意蕴平添。

2.巧引名言(警句)添文采。托尔斯泰说应多用“金刚钻的语言”进行写作。警句名言就无疑是一种“金刚钻”。

如无锡市一考生的《精彩语文》一文中有这样一段：

伴着你，陶渊明的朵朵菊花点缀了朦胧的南山，龚自珍的片片落红幻化成软软的春泥，晏殊的独自徘徊落寞了通幽曲径，温庭筠的脉脉斜晖笼罩了悠悠的碧水……

如江苏盐城一考生写的《语文从我身边轻轻走过》则运用了联用古诗名句的妙招：

如果你是“大漠孤烟直，长河落日圆”的边塞大漠，我愿飞奔在漫天黄沙里;如果你是“惊涛拍岸，卷起千堆雪”的浩淼长江，我愿遨游于猛浪湍流中;如果你是“山重水复疑无路，柳暗花明又一村”的深山丛林，我愿跋涉在荆棘小道上。啊，语文，美丽如你，叫我爱不释手。

如江苏考生《西安与南京：山与水的对话》

南京，长江南岸的明珠，是苏浙纵横交错的河流湖泊给了明珠最灵动的光泽。抬眼望，“秦淮水榭花开早”，回首瞧，“燕子飞时，绿水人家绕”。那里的“六朝旧事如流水”，那里的“夜船吹笛雨潇潇”。南京用那上天赋予的水，勾勒出如梦如幻、如诗如画的“好江南”。……西安无言，南京无言，一个背靠秦岭，一个脚踏长江，却一起“面朝大海”，霎时“春暖花开”。

此段文字妙在扣合题意而又能充分激活自己的诸多文化积淀，文章显得充实而又灵动，哲理与诗情、历史与现实，融为一体，信手拈来的诗文名句，不露斧凿之痕，结尾化用海子的名句，尤为贴切自然，并赋予了新的意蕴。

3.巧仿诗词见功底。对爱好古典诗词的考生而言，要将平时厚积的阅读素养在考场上薄发出来，除了恰当引用与话题相关的诗文名句，还可自拟诗词。

“谪居黄城中，把盏临风，牵黄擎苍叹英雄。昔日汴河风光处，履履难重。成败任西东，此恨无穷，为了豪情谁与同?一蓑烟雨平生任，踏雪飞鸿。”(《浪淘沙》)这首词是我特意写给贬谪之后的苏轼的，东坡的一生极尽坎坷：爱情的曲折，仕途的偃蹇，政治漩涡的挣扎，满腹冤屈的难鸣。

“素月寄孤舟，只影随水流，家园破，一盏残酒。酒淡怎敌晚风疾，梧桐雨，点点愁。晚来独登楼，恨字锁眉头，黄花瘦，雁声断秋，一溪落花漫汀洲，流离苦，几时休?”(《南楼令》)这首词是我填给历尽漂泊的李清照这位满腹感伤的奇女子的，她历经了国破之凄，丧夫之痛，改适之苦。

(重庆考生《诗人·明月·黄花》)

最突出的特点是语言功底深厚，充满诗情画意。特别是能在紧张的高考竞技场上填诗作词，文采斐然，不同凡响，足见该考生读书多，素养高。(编者注——此词没讲究平仄，最好不要词牌名;李清照改嫁无据)

有一篇谈“减负”的话题作文，开头化用陈然的诗：

教师的门敞开着，阅览室的门紧闭着，一个声音高叫着，回教室去吧，那里有你们的分数。

当然，欲使援引有意蕴，说到底还在于作者的思想认识水平，基于作者对人生的探究，对生命的自省，对社会百态的思考，对历史人文的观照，对自然万物的关怀，这些都是使文章语言有张力有内涵有意蕴的基础。考生平时要从文学精品中去吸取人类语言的精华，从课本中、从报刊中去掌握各种技巧，用语言的砧、心的锤去不断锤炼它们，惟有思想的深刻和凝重，才能达到援引有意蕴的境界。

【例文借鉴】

语文天生浪漫

让我们再次聆听那遥远的声音——“坎坎伐檀兮，置之河之干兮。河水清且涟漪。不稼不穑，胡取禾三百廛兮?”即便是义愤填膺吧，它也是那般的富有浪漫气息。而“蒹葭苍苍，白露为霜，所谓伊人，在水一方”，更是将古人的浪漫情怀推向了极致。

语文，从远古走来，从蛮荒走来，从我们祖先浪漫的心灵中走来。

开天辟地的盘古，以身补天的女娲，用刚与柔成就了远古人类对世界与宇宙浪漫的想象;填海的精卫，逐日的夸父，用血与肉书写了所有生命对自由与光明不朽的追求。

因着浪漫，四十弃官归隐的陶潜“采菊东篱下，悠然见南山”;因着浪漫，五十始举进士的孟郊“春风得意马蹄疾，一日看尽长安花”。

因着浪漫，王昌龄发出了“黄沙百战穿金甲，不破楼兰终不还”的豪壮誓言;因着浪漫，李白才会仰天长笑“天生我材必有用，千金散尽还复来”。

语文，从浪漫的心灵出发，走向深广，走向博大。

因着语文，孔雀东南飞的故事成了家喻户晓的绝唱;因着语文，木兰从军的传说成了妇孺皆知的佳话。

因着语文，雪莱的“冬天到了，春天还会远吗”温暖了多少失意者的心怀;因着语文，但丁的“走你的路，让别人去说吧”激荡着每一个开拓者的胸襟。

因着语文，我们收藏了春的温暖、夏的火热，秋的丰硕、冬的冷峻;因着语文，我们领略了北国的冰雪，南疆的椰林，西域的雄鹰，东海的潮汐。

语文，是天生浪漫的文化载体。睿智的思想，高尚的情感，灵动的才智，无不栖于根深叶茂的语文之树，它生生不息地传承着人类文明，它涤荡污浊，提精炼粹，陶冶身心，它汇聚了浪漫又传送着浪漫。

浪漫的语文，呼唤浪漫的情怀。

一个有些浪漫情怀的人，能像范仲淹一样无私，“居庙堂之高则忧其民，处江湖之远则忧其君”;也能像王安石一样无畏，“不畏浮云遮望眼，只缘身在最高层”。他们可以心游万仞、精骛八极，更可以在现实世界中撑门拄户，立地擎天。既可以迎来送往，胜友如云，更可以一人一盏一影，孤灯自守黎明。既可横空出世、笑傲江湖，又可面壁潜心，十年磨一剑。入世可如岳飞，“壮怀激烈”，“八千里路云和月”，也可躬耕垄亩如诸葛亮，“淡泊以明志，宁静以致远”。

唯有具备一些浪漫情怀，才可能真正的理解生活，热爱生活，享受生活;唯有具备一些浪漫情怀，才可能真正的理解语文，热爱语文，欣赏语文。

因为，语文天生浪漫。

浪漫是感性的也是理性的，浪漫是细致的也是博大的，浪漫是喜乐的也是忧伤的。

一分一秒的华年、一朵一朵的笑靥，一句句清风的低语、一帧帧季节的像片，一些黎明、一些黑夜，发黄的故事、春天的屋檐……一并装入生命的全部流程中，一遍又一遍地再读。让我们的心牵着我们的手，在语文的世界里徐徐穿行，在真实与浪漫中徐徐穿行。

全文围绕“语文天生浪漫”这一话题，广泛征引，信手拈来，写得很有感染力。文章激情洋溢，材料丰富，既有诗句和神话传说，又有文学长廊的历史人物;语言流畅，综合运用了记叙、描写、抒情、议论等多种表达方式，内容层层展开。阅读本文，让人有在浪漫的语文世界徐徐穿行之感。

【例文借鉴】

坚守心中的道德律

康德说：“在这个世界上，有两样东西值得我们仰望终生：一是我们头顶上璀璨的星空，二是人们心中高尚的道德律。”星空因其寥廓而深邃，让我们仰望和敬畏;道德因其庄严而圣洁，值得我们一生坚守。

某杂志刊登了一份关于青少年价值观的报告，其中的一些数据显示有相当一部分青少年对“在公共场所大声喧哗”，“在公共汽车上不让座”，“过马路闯红灯”，“竞争可以不择手段”，“诚实意味着吃亏”等明显不文明、不道德的行为表示“难以评价”。为什么会这样呢?我想，这正是我们当中一部分同龄人对社会公德和个人品德的认识模糊甚至错误所致，正说明他们没能坚守住心中的道德律。

不得不承认，有些青少年，在花花绿绿、充满诱惑的现实生活中，丧失了心灵的纯洁、放弃了道德的底线，最终迷失自我、走向罪恶。原因虽然很多，但最重要的，还是他们缺乏正确的价值观，没有守住心中的道德律。比如网上那对最近迅速窜红的“90后贱女孩”孪生姊妹——包包与阿紫，不就是以恶俗博出位、靠犯贱换成名的典范么?

要知道，一个人的真正价值并非取决于其容貌、衣着、金钱、地位等外在的东西，而取决于他的头脑、观念、精神、品格、爱心、气度等综合素质和内在修养，取决于他的躯壳里到底装了一副怎样的灵魂，取决于他是否坚守住了心中的道德律!

1979年度诺贝尔和平奖获得者德兰修女说：“人们不讲道理，思想谬误，自我中心;不管怎样，总是爱他们。如果你做善事，人们说你自私自利，别有用心;不管怎样，总是要做善事。你耗费数年所建设的，可能毁于一旦;不管怎样，总是要建设。你所做的善事，明天就被遗忘;不管怎样，总是要做善事。将你所拥有的最美好的东西献给世界，哪怕你会被踢掉牙齿。”德兰修女用自己的一生，将爱心撒向世界，用善良普渡众生，用微笑去抚平人们心中的伤痛。她的善行，她的义举，使她被誉为穷人的圣母，善良的天使，并成为世界人民心中的女神、天主的化身。这都是因为她始终坚守着自己心中的道德律!

桃李不言，下自成蹊。这次汶川大地震中那么多年轻而伟大的老师和同学，灾难猝临，生死瞬间，不约而同，毅然决然的选择了舍己救人!他们心中那崇高伟大的道德力量，感天动地、惊鬼泣神，高山仰止，日月同辉!

“不论是黄昏，还是晨曦初露，茉莉花，总是洁白的”。正如希腊诗人乔治·赛福斯的这首小诗所说，我们青少年要想有所成就，就一定要坚守住自己的洁白，坚守住自己的芳香，坚守住自己心中的道德律!

通篇中心突出，思想健康，结构严谨，语言流畅，援引添辉，富有文采，材料丰富而新鲜，文体特征鲜明突出，是一篇非常规范的议论文。

开头即用康德名言以先声夺人，巧加阐释并引出观点，兼呼应标题，收“凤头”之效。二段紧扣材料，重申主旨，中规中矩。

3-6段，联系现实，正反对比，例证、引证交叉并用，“90后贱女孩”双胞胎姊妹包包与阿紫，跟德兰修女、震区英雄师生群像对比鲜明，构成饱满充实的“猪肚”。且每段尾句均紧扣主旨和标题，令全文一线串珠，丝丝入扣，结构分外严谨。

结尾巧引希腊诗人乔治·赛福斯之《茉莉花》一诗，借以重申观点，发出号召，语言生动有力，意味悠远，可谓“豹尾”。

今年寒假，我读了前苏联作家。奥特洛夫斯基在全身瘫痪的条件下，写成了一部优秀的长篇小说《钢铁是怎样炼成的》。

在这部小说里，有许多性格各异、形形色色的人物。而我最喜欢的就是保尔。柯察金。保尔。柯察金凭着自己的意志又重新站起来了，用自己顽强的毅力给克服了。他在残疾后毫不灰心，更加刻苦学习，努力工作，并参加了共产主义事业。并且开始了文学创作。但是厄运又一次不幸的降临他的头上，对于已经瘫痪的他来说，无疑又是当头一棒!可是他却毅然拿起笔来，摸索着，坚持写作，每写一字他都要比平常人来多一倍来的艰辛劳动。他与病魔抗战到了最后终于写出了小说《在艰苦暴风雨里诞生》的前几章。他在战争中经受了一次又一次的考验，忍受着残疾、使命所带来的巨大痛苦，坚持不懈地为他所热爱的事业奉献出自己的全部精力和心血。这正是他顽强与疾病作战到底的斗争动力啊!

读了这本书，让我受益匪浅。并让我知道了世上无难事，只怕有心人这句话。保尔。柯察金，真是一位可敬可佩的战士啊!并为我树立了榜样。展现出了一个共产主义战士生命不息、战斗不止的顽强意志和共产主义无私奉献的高贵品质。

When people really want to do it, God just happens to mean the beginning, and go back on, shameless the.

Undeniably, the opportunity is the wait for anyone, it is not passive, not waiting for you to analyze, analyze it, consider this, consider that a series of trivial events, and then decided to do it. Perhaps it is itself a fleeting Wizard, which is the test of courage and guts, wisdom and soul. It does not mean that all things should not be thoughtful, careful Clofibrate conduct, and if so, what we were in ancient times? Of course, opportunity and a need to treasure, you need to take advantage of, opportunities have come across are very difficult to fully and thoroughly to take advantage of, but it is difficult. How to better perfect it is a priority.

The policeman, not a claim has been given many opportunities than it? The cable does not do this than to understand what, just keep endlessly kept in mind for his so-called target to continue to play a life, clown, never tired. And lucky him, the total in the stage has written slip, but in the end was as a joke, laughed.

A drama in the end, which means another Drama begins. The police is concerned, only to routine; on the reader, but near the end; of life is concerned, only a small episode; of the writer is concerned, it is a good plot; on the audience, the only worthy of a ticket; on Soapy, it is a new idea of life close to, for he had the ignorance to pay, value is what he does not escape from his hand, he may be able to reverse the fate of the Opportunity and its contempt for the lessons learned in the final result.

If he will blame anyone, so that he does deserve it; if he can only blame himself, then he can say to yourself out loud: Three months, not too long, I will cherish and seize the time each day . well, in fact, did not run away, but I ignored. wait for it

Well, in fact, did not go far. Yes, a lot of happiness to dominate, the opportunity is one of them. Do not wait until God impatient, after all, he has emotions, give you played rough, then, as if too lacking in human touch of the. But their suffering.

Cherish the people or things around them, they change every day, but we are too busy, did not see. Opportunity is like a chance encounter, a good thing. Take advantage of, the benefits of it to play the extreme, it is a beauty thing. A person"s life will be all sorts of conditions, each of the significance of the situation is very different, very different. Select a different situation, a different life, a different fate, a different change So, we have to opportunity, transparent, fully see, so that would not go astray friends.

If the contrary, the outcome would be like Soapy: horror, realize that they have plunged into the abyss, the fallen years, shameful desire, despair, only poor intellectual exhaustion, motivation despicable.

Not grasp the opportunity to meet, are fools; not met but know how to grasp opportunities is talent; both opportunities and understanding of how the event is a genius.

学生不愿写作文很大程度是由于学生对于作文有一种畏惧、厌烦的心理，认为作文是一项高难度的思维创造，认为没有什么可以写的，不知该怎样写。教师在指导学生作文时，要从各方面入手，消除学生对作文的畏惧感，激发学生的写作兴趣，提高学生的写作能力。

一、扩大阅读，丰富知识，为学生作文创作奠定基础。

作文是各种知识的综合运用，没有丰厚的知识，很难写出思想深刻、内容丰富、新颖别致的好作文来，所以教师要教育学生，要多读课外书籍，特别是那些名著，甚至自然科学知识，也要了解一些。正如培根所说“读史使人明智，读诗使人巧意，数学使人精微，博物使人深沉，伦理使人庄重，逻辑与修辞使人善辩”。为了更好地引导学生阅读和作文，教师可组织一些读书班会或专题沙龙，让学生交流读书心得体会，或以讲故事、开辩论会等形式来锻炼口才。再通过办手抄报、校园黑板报等形式提高学生的书面作文水平。学生在广泛阅读中，从古今中外名著和大量诗文中汲取了健康的思想和艺术精髓，同时也积累了大量词汇和第二手作文材料。通过阅读，学生视野开阔了，知识丰富了，思维活跃了，再不会为“无米之炊”而苦恼。

二、感悟自然，认真观察，培养学生的观察能力。

作文教学要激发学生的情感，启迪学生的悟性。在感悟中培养学生的观察能力，大自然中的一草一木、社会生活中的平凡小事，都可引发我们的思考。可是，面对美丽的大自然孩子们却无动于衷，或虽感到美，却又写不出来。生活中每天发生的事情非常多，孩子们往往求大，忽略了身边值得关注的小事，所以，也造成了无话可说，无事可写的情况。对农村学生来说，农村的风景优美，乡土气息浓厚，美丽的大自然又孕育了千姿百态的动植物。这既是作文教学的直观教具，又为作文教学提供了取之不尽、用之不竭的写作素材。教师利用这种优势，引导学生仔细观察，使他们“见景生情”。把这种情景教育引进小学作文教学中，会收到事半功倍的效果。如写一写家中养的鸡，教师可引导学生观察鸡吃食、鸡打架、鸡下蛋等等，帮他们列出观察项目，学生就会有目的的观察，写作时就不会无话可说了。让学生每天回忆发生的事，说一说、议一议，久而久之，学生就知道了什么事是有价值的了。事不在大小，在事情的内容。指导学生写自己熟悉而又真实的生活，而不是写那些“虚构生活”，让学生知道，说真话、写事实、叙真情就是作文。

三、激活思维，标新立异，培养学生的想象能力。

作文教学的每一个环节都离不开想象力。用想象力激发学生的写作兴趣。根据儿童少年的生理心理的特点，他们想象逐步从无意想象发展到有意想象，想象的兴趣浓厚。现在的世界是多彩的世界，小学生在做作文时应该多发挥想象力，来描绘未来的世界和多彩的生活。让学生张开想象的翅膀，任思维驰骋，想象力应该贯穿整个作文教学之中，没有想象力，学生作文思路就会闭塞，内容空洞，立意不新。所以学生的写作欲望靠想象来燃烧，观察力靠想象来培养，立意新颖靠想象去创造，思路靠想象去拓展，人物形象靠想象去塑造，语言的色调靠想象去渲染。

总而言之，作文教学要努力走进学生的内心世界，贴近现实生活，以人为本，趣字当头，重视写作灵性的启发和培植，在实践中求发展求提高。罗伯特·艾文斯认为，只要学生把作文看成是一种“自我放纵”，不受条条框框的限制，看到什么、听到什么、想到什么就如实地写什么。熟练地掌握写作技巧就不是什么难事了。

《绿野仙踪》这本书，让你有何收获呢？下面一起去阅读小编整理的绿野仙踪英语读后感吧，欢迎借鉴！

After reading this wonderful story, I can feel love, brave, deep friendship and some other good spirits in the people.

Scarecrow wanted some brains, but on the way to emerald city, he came up with a way across the river. Timid lions want to be brave, but when they meet the river, he jumps over it with other friends. The tin man wants a heart, he says he can t love, but he doesn t want to hurt any animals.

In fact, they all have the things they want: the Scarecrow is clever, the Cowardly Lion is brave and the Tin Man is kind-hearted.

This book tells us a story of how a little girl Dorothy goes back to her hometown when she is in another strange city. Dorothy is a little girl who lived with her aunt and uncle in Kansas. The weather there is very bad, sometimes there was a cyclone. When a cyclone came, people stayed under their houses. But one day a cyclone blows Dorothy’s house, with Dorothy and her dog Toto in it, to a country called Oz. In that city there are four witches and a very famous wizard—the Wizard of Oz. And Dorothy’s house just fell on the bad Witch of the East and killed her, so the people there were very happy. Dorothy took the witch’s red shoes and wore them. She wanted to go home to Kansas but she doesn’t know how to get there. So the Witch of North told her to go to the Emerald City to find the Wizard of Oz to help her. Then Dorothy met the Scarecrow, the Tin Man, and the Cowardly Lion, but they need help too. The Scarecrow wanted some brains, the Tin Man wanted a heard, and the Cowardly Lion wanted to be brave. So they all take the yellow brick road to the Emerald City. On the way to the Emerald City they met some difficulties, but they solved them successfully. After they met the Wizard of Oz, the wizard gave them another challenge—to kill the bad Witch of the West and they accept. During the way to the Witch of the West’s house, they were caught by the witch and Dorothy was requested to work for her. One day, when the witch tried to catch Dorothy’s red shoes, Dorothy threw some water on the witch by accident and the Witch of the West disappeared. Only water can kill her. So Dorothy went back to the Emerald City with her friends but they found the Wizard of Oz is not a real wizard, he is also a man came from Kansas, and he is just a conjurer. He wanted to go back to Kansas too. So he made a big balloon and prepared to go. But when the balloon is going to raise, Dorothy’s dog Toto jumped away to run after a cat, so Dorothy had to get Toto back and they were left in Oz. Then Dorothy and Toto went and find the Witch of the South and the witch told them they can just use the red shoes on Dorothy’s feet, they’re a pair of magic shoes, they could take anybody go back to their home as soon as she said‘East, west—home is the best!’After Dorothy said goodbye to her friends, she went back to her new home with her dog. It’s really a wonderful risk.

Yes, no matter where we are, home is always the best place for us to rest or study. There are our parents here; there are also our favorite things here. At home, we feel safe, we feel comfortable, and we can relax ourselves.

From this story, we can see Dorothy is a brave and kind-hearted girl. She killed the two bad witches in Oz; she helped the Scarecrow, the Tin Man, and the Cowardly Lion to go to the Emerald City to find the Wizard and get what they want. She solved problems when they met difficulties. It’s really not easy for such a little girl.

We also learn that teamwork is important for us. When we are in trouble, we can ask our friends for help, and also, when our friends need help, we should go and help them. Just remember, more people, more power. It’s always better has more people to do a thing. Teamwork is really necessary in our lives.

And we can see the Scarecrow is absolutely cleaver, he understands things, he can think, he learn quickly, and he suggested Dorothy to cut down a tree to cross the river. The tin man has a kind heart, he laughs, he cries, he loves, he feels sorry for people. The Cowardly Lion is really brave, he did a lot of brave things, he carried the friends to go across the river, and he wanted to find some food for his friends and so on. We should learn from them too. When we are in trouble, we should calm down, watch the things around carefully, and try to think out of a way to solve it, just like the Scarecrow. We also should be brave as we are in danger, we can’t be afraid, we should face the difficulty and try to go through it, just like the Cowardly Lion. And we should learn to love people, to feel sorry for people, to make more friends, to get on well with everyone around us, just like the Tin Man.

Yes, we should learn how to get on with other people, we should help each other, we should be brave, we should love other people. If we can do like this, we can be a better girl (boy), more and more people will make friends with us, and more and more people will like us!

其实我看书并不是很感兴趣，到目前为止，我看过的课外书肯定不会超过10本，可是《平凡的世界》一直听同学们说好看好看，我也就是无聊地不知道怎么打发时间，就问同桌借来了《平凡的世界》来看看。

真是不得了，一看《平凡的世界》就被书中的几位主人翁所发生的一切所吸引住，都是熬夜到凌晨一两点把它看完。在书中看到的人物都是平凡的，但是他们对命运的不低头的精神让人由衷地佩服，看完之后心中一直不能平静，恨当时的社会不能给他们一个好的结局。

其中孙少安的人生让人心疼，他的精神让人佩服。孙少安是一名地地道道的农民，在村上属于穷得响叮当的，明明与田润叶相互爱慕，却因为当时两人的身份地位的悬殊，硬生生地被润叶的父亲门当户对的观念给拆散了，然而两人后面都分别结婚了。孙少安跟其他人不一样，不会只想着自己的那一亩三分田地，孙少安他不认命，他想通过自己的努力改变全家的命运。虽然他读的书不多，但是他知道读书可以改变命运，一直想做家里面的顶梁柱，负责弟弟和妹妹的学费。孙少安后来自己在创业，他想通过自己的努力带领生产队的发财致富，眼看日子一天天好过，可能是老天觉得对这些平凡人的打击还不够吧，孙少安的老婆秀莲却得了癌症，全家人都拉着秀莲从医院往家赶回去过年。

人在社会的大背景下真的是很渺小、平凡的，好似是大漠里的一粒沙尘，是那么的微不足到，但是沙漠却不能缺少这一粒粒、一颗颗的沙尘。就像是人不能缺少那种中流砥柱的精神一样。只要我们的人生，像孙少安那样努力奋斗，不懈努力，我们的人生也可以是不平凡的人生。

When I was a middle school student, I’ve finished this book in Chinese.But when I read it in English,I really gain something new both in the way of expression and the spirit it shows to us.May be different ages to read the same book we will learn different things from it.At least, for my part, that is true.

Firstly,I would like to review some information about this book.Such as the background,major characters and the topic of it.

The Old Man and the Sea is a story by Ernest Hemingway, written in Cuba in 1951 and published in 1952. It was the last major work of fiction to be produced by Hemingway and published in his lifetime. One of his most famous works, it centers upon Santiago, an aging Cuban fisherman who struggles with a giant marlin far out in the Gulf Stream.

The Old Man and the Sea served to reinvigorate Hemingways literary reputation and prompted a reexamination of his entire body of work. The novella was initially received with much popularity; it restored many readers confidence in Hemingways capability as an author. Its publisher, Scribners, on an early dust jacket, called the novella a "new classic," and many critics favorably compared it with such works as William Faulkners "The Bear" and Herman Melvilles Moby-Dick.

This book gives me a deep impression especially the description about the man’s braveness and persistence.

In this book, in order to suggest the profundity of the old man’s sacrifice and the glory that derives from it, Hemingway purposefully likens Santiago to Christ, who, according to Christian theology, gave his life for the greater glory of humankind. Crucifixion imagery is the most noticeable way in which Hemingway creates the symbolic parallel between Santiago and Christ. When Santiago’s palms are first cut by his fishing line, the reader cannot help but think of Christ suffering his stigmata. Later, when the sharks arrive, Hemingway portrays the old man as a crucified martyr, saying that he makes a noise similar to that of a man having nails driven through his hands. Furthermore, the image of the old man struggling up the hill with his mast across his shoulders recalls Christ’s march toward Calvary. Even the position in which Santiago collapses on his bed—face down with his arms out straight and the palms of his hands up—brings to mind the image of Christ suffering on the cross. Hemingway employs these images in the final pages of the novella in order to link Santiago to Christ, who exemplified transcendence by turning loss into gain, defeat into triumph, and even death into renewed life.

The major characters in this book are also vivid and lively.

Santiago?,the old man of the novella’s title, Santiago is a Cuban fisherman who has had an extended run of bad luck. Despite his expertise, he has been unable to catch a fish for eighty-four days. He is humble, yet exhibits a justified pride in his abilities. His knowledge of the sea and its creatures, and of his craft, is unparalleled and helps him preserve a sense of hope regardless of circumstance.

The marlin?,Santiago hooks the marlin, which we learn at the end of the novella measures eighteen feet, on the first afternoon of his fishing expedition. Manolin?,a boy presumably in his adolescence, Manolin is Santiago’s apprentice and devoted attendant. The old man first took him out on a boat when he was merely five years old. Due to Santiago’s recent bad luck, Manolin’s parents have forced the boy to go out on a different fishing boat. Manolin, however, still cares deeply for the old man, to whom he continues to look as a mentor.

Joe DiMaggio, although DiMaggio never appears in the novel, he plays a significant role nonetheless. Santiago worships him as a model of strength and commitment, and his thoughts turn toward DiMaggio whenever he needs to reassure himself of his own strength. Perico ?,Perico, the reader assumes, owns the bodega in Santiago’s village. He never appears in the novel, but he serves an important role in the fisherman’s life by providing him with newspapers that report the baseball scores. This act establishes him as a kind man who helps the aging Santiago.

Martin,like Perico, Martin, a café owner in Santiago’s village, does not appear in the story. The reader learns of him through Manolin, who often goes to Martin for Santiago’s supper. As the old man says, Martin is a man of frequent kindness who deserves to be repaid.

From the very first paragraph, Santiago is characterized as someone struggling against defeat. He has gone eighty-four days without catching a fish—he will soon pass his own record of eighty-seven days. Almost as a reminder of Santiago’s struggle, the sail of his skiff resembles “the flag of permanent defeat.” But the old man refuses defeat at every turn: he resolves to sail out beyond the other fishermen to where the biggest fish promise to be. He lands the marlin, tying his record of eighty-seven days after a brutal three-day fight, and he continues to ward off sharks from stealing his prey, even though he knows the battle is useless.

Because Santiago is pitted against the creatures of the sea, some readers choose to view the tale as a chronicle of man’s battle against the natural world, but the novella is, more accurately, the story of man’s place within nature. Both Santiago and the marlin display qualities of pride, honor, and bravery, and both are subject to the same eternal law: they must kill or be killed. As Santiago reflects when he watches the weary warbler fly toward shore, where it will inevitably meet the hawk, the world is filled with predators, and no living thing can escape the inevitable struggle that will lead to its death. Santiago lives according to his own observation: “man is not made for defeat . . . [a] man can be destroyed but not defeated.” In Hemingway’s portrait of the world, death is inevitable, but the best men (and animals) will nonetheless refuse to give in to its power. Accordingly, man and fish will struggle to the death, just as hungry sharks will lay waste to an old man’s trophy catch.

The novel suggests that it is possible to transcend this natural law. In fact, the very inevitability of destruction creates the terms that allow a worthy man or beast to transcend it. It is precisely through the effort to battle the inevitable that a man can prove himself. Indeed, a man can prove this determination over and over through the worthiness of the opponents he chooses to face. Santiago finds the marlin worthy of a fight, just as he once found “the great negro of Cienfuegos” worthy. HSantiago, though destroyed at the end of the novella, is never defeated. Instead, he emerges as a hero. Santiago’s struggle does not enable him to change man’s place in the world. Rather, it enables him to meet his most dignified destiny.

While it is certainly true that Santiago’s eighty-four-day run of bad luck is an affront to his pride as a masterful fisherman, and that his attempt to bear out his skills by sailing far into the gulf waters leads to disaster, Hemingway does not condemn his protagonist for being full of pride. On the contrary, Santiago stands as proof that pride motivates men to greatness. Because the old man acknowledges that he killed the mighty marlin largely out of pride, and because his capture of the marlin leads in turn to his heroic transcendence of defeat, pride becomes the source of Santiago’s greatest strength. Without a ferocious sense of pride, that battle would never have been fought, or more likely, it would have been abandoned before the end.

Santiago’s pride also motivates his desire to transcend the destructive forces of nature. Throughout the novel, no matter how baleful his circumstances become, the old man exhibits an unflagging determination to catch the marlin and bring it to shore. When the first shark arrives, Santiago’s resolve is mentioned twice in the space of just a few paragraphs. Even if the old man had returned with the marlin intact, his moment of glory, like the marlin’s meat, would have been short-lived. The glory and honor Santiago accrues comes not from his battle itself but from his pride and determination to fight.

Santiago dreams his pleasant dream of the lions at play on the beaches of Africa three times. The first time is the night before he departs on his three-day fishing expedition, the second occurs when he sleeps on the boat for a few hours in the middle of his struggle with the marlin, and the third takes place at the very end of the book. In fact, the sober promise of the triumph and regeneration with which the novella closes is supported by the final image of the lions. Because Santiago associates the lions with his youth, the dream suggests the circular nature of life. Additionally, because Santiago imagines the lions, fierce predators, playing, his dream suggests a harmony between the opposing forces—life and death, love and hate, destruction and regeneration—of nature.

This book gives me courage of conquering all kinds of difficulties .And I have the belief that the most beautiful thing is the process that we make our best to achieve our dream,and never say give up .

大学生创业计划书是一份全方位的商业计划，其主要用途是递交给投资商，以便于他们能对企业或项目做出评判，从而使企业获得融资。创业计划书有相对固定的格式，它几乎包括反映投资商所有感兴趣的内容。从企业成长经历、产品服务、市场、营销、管理团队、股权结构、组织人事、财务、运营到融资方案。只有内容详实、数据丰富、体系完整、装订精致的商业计划书才能吸引投资商，让他们看懂您的项目商业运作计划，才能使您的融资需求成为现实，商业计划书的质量对创业者的项目融资至关重要。融资项目要获得投资商的青睐，良好的融资策划和财务包装，是融资过程中必不可少的环节，其中最重要的是应做好符合国际惯例的高质量的商业计划书。目前大学生创业融资成功率不高，不是项目本身不好也不是项目投资回报不高，而是大学生创业计划书编写的草率与策划能力让投资商感到失望。大学生创业计划书的起草与创业本身一样是一个复杂的系统工程，不但要对行业、市场进行充分的研究，而且还要有很好的文字功底。对于一个发展中的企业，专业的创业计划书既是寻找投资的必备材料，也是企业对自身的现状及未来发展战略全面思索和重新定位的过程。

总起，大学生创业计划书它体现出来的一个创业的过程，和一般大纲流程计划，在创业过程中计划是一个创业主题的灵魂。

大学生创业计划书的组成部分

大学生创业计划书一般包括：执行总结，产业背景和公司概述，市场调查和分析，公司战略，总体进度安排，关键的风险、问题和假定，管理团队，企业经济状况，财务预测，假定公司能够提供的利益等十个方面。

1、执行总结是创业计划一到两页的概括。包括以下方面：

本创业计划的创意背景和项目的简述

创业的机会概述

目标市场的描述和预测

竞争优势和劣势分析

经济状况和盈利能力预测

团队概述

预计能提供的利益

2、产业背景和公司概述

详细的市场分析和描述

竞争对手分析

市场需求

公司概述应包括详细的产品／服务描述以及它如何满足目标市场顾客的需求，进入策略和市场开发策略

3、市场调查和分析

目标市场顾客的描述与分析

市场容量和趋势的分析、预测

竞争分析和各自的竞争优势

估计的市场份额和销售额

市场发展的走势

4、公司战略阐释公司如何进行竞争

在发展的各阶段如何制定公司的发展战略

通过公司战略来实现预期的计划和目标

制定公司的营销策略

5、总体进度安排

公司的进度安排，包括以下领域的重要事件：

收入来源

收支平衡点和正现金流

市场份额

产品开发介绍

主要合作伙伴

融资方案

6、关键的风险、问题和假定

关键的风险分析（财务、技术、市场、管理、竞争、资金撤出、政策等风险）

说明将如何应付或规避风险和问题（应急计划）

7、管理团队

介绍公司的管理团队，其中要注意介绍各成员与管理公司有关的教育和工作背景(注意管理分工和互补)；介绍领导层成员，创业顾问以及主要的投资人和持股情况。

8、公司资金管理

股本结构与规模

资金运营计划

投资收益与风险分析

9、财务预测

财务假设的立足点

会计报表（包括收入报告，平衡报表，前两年为季度报表，前五年为年度报表）

财务分析（现金流量表、比率分析等）

10、假定公司能够提供的利益

这是创业计划的“卖点”，包括：

总体的资金需求

在这一轮融资中需要的是哪一级

如何使用这些资金

投资人可以得到的回报，还可以讨论可能的投资人退出策略。

所谓“话题作文”，是指用一段提示语启发思考。激发想象，然后限定范围的一种命题形式。它不同于以前的半命题、命题及材料作文，是一种崭新的、具有很强生命力的作文样式。具体有什么技巧呢?下文是小编整理的相关内容，欢迎阅读参考!

话题作文一般有三部分组成：提示性文字材料、话题范围、注意事项或要求。话题作文有自己独特的个性，其基本特征可以概括为“四不限(即不限文体、不限主旨、不限具体内容及不限题目)一强调(强调考查考生的创新能力和综合素质)”。

要写好话题作文，应做好以下几点：

一、善于化大为小

话题作文由于范围宽泛，给学生的把握带来了一定的困难，因此写作前首先应学会化大为小。如一个西瓜，洗净后只有切成小块才好下口。话题作文的写作也应如此。我们可以将话题化为几个契合话题的子话题，然后从这些子话题中选择一个易写好的来写。简单地说就是采用大题小作的写法，从具体一点切入，然后调动自己的积累，在这个问题上聚焦、展开和提炼，把这一点说是说深说透。这样才能在800字左右的篇幅内写出立意鲜明集中、内容具体充实的好文章。

如果不善于化大为小，就难免泛泛而谈。那种东说一句西扯一句，鸡零狗碎的“拼盘”，是难以得到阅卷老师“欢心”的。

二、善于以小见大

如果仅局限于“小”，文章就显得平淡无奇，没有深意。只有小中见大，才能发人深思，引人入胜。

所谓以小见大，即大处着眼，小处落笔。写小的事情，表现大的主题。这种手法，往往通过对具体、平凡的小事小物和有关细节材料的叙述描写。并加以适当抒情议论，以阐明大道理，揭示深刻的社会意义，以一滴水折射出太阳的光辉，于细微处体现伟大的精神。如《琐忆》等，都采用了这种写法。

[写作方法：话题作文

写求职信其实就归纳为以下这几点

1.你得知这份工作的管道。

2.学历及职历的概要。

3.你的个性以及能力。

4.联络地点、联络方式，以及最后的感谢语等，但其实这里可以发挥创意的空间非常的大。求职信的诉求在于延续履历表的内容，更清楚的表现工作企图心、个性、特质等。另外，有时写些自己平时喜欢从事的活动来补充 履历也很。举例来说，你甚至可以这么写：「我工作时专注的耐力就是从钓鱼中培养出来的」。

求职信的书写诀窍

1.表现自我的个性及特质  建议使用积极正面的陈述方式。

2.文章不可冗长  控制在总共四段、每段五行以内。

3.前瞻性的气魄  具有勇于突破与开创气质的人是外商公司的最爱。因此并不需要对之前辞职的原委做太多的解释。

4.少用第一人称  为了避免流于自大与主观的缺点，尽量少用第一人称。

第一点---说明你从何处得知这个工作机会

这是最基本的部份。一般来说会将媒体广告的名称改用别的字体书写或用底线加以标记。在这个段落中也可加上你的「career goal」。

第二点---强调自己就是最佳的人选

这是最精华的段落。要依据求才广告的内容，将自己的能力及特色恰如其份的包装起来。不过在工作经验不足的情况下，要避免将自己吹嘘的过分离谱。

第三点---在结尾部份注意应有的礼貌

最后的部份建议要以「感谢对方在百忙之中阅读这份履历」，并且「诚挚的期望能得到面试的机会」、「希望有荣幸能为公司效力」这样的句子作为结尾，让主管留下好的印象。

一定要记住：撰写求职信是基本常识，否则你的求职行动可是不合格的喔！

Some people believe (argue, recognize, think) that 观点1. But other people take an opposite side. They firmly believe that 观点2. As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea.

There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief. First of all, 论据1. More importantly, 论据2. Most important of all, 论据3.

In summary, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心. 或 From above, we can predict that 预测.

Everybody has read a famous masterpiece - "treasure island", Treasure Island English reading. The book revolves around an adventure story, in which a young man was born in a poor home to make a living in a hotel. The boy is the hero of the book, Jim. Hawkins. He stumbled upon a map of a desert island where old pirates hid gold and silver. So, he and other friends to discuss, with a group of seaman embarked on a trip to find. But soon, they were a group of seaman mutiny, the two sides keen on the battlefield, they launched a thrilling fight with the enemy. Finally, because all the efforts of the crew, charged to victory, Jim soon, they carried the wealth jubilantly with the home.

Although I did not go there in person adventure, but in my mind, always emerge a picture, Jim his honest face always appeared in his side, he is so noble, kind, brave, he is always able to subdue the pirates, victory, he is so brave! When I heard him this sentence shaking shock, such as this one: we see the land that night, I was in the apple barrel, I heard you, John, and Dick Johnson. - you, it is a Chinese, he is now at the bottom of the sea, I am still a little while, every word you said the report, the "treasure Island" in English reading. As for the schooner? It made me cut off the ropes of the ship. It was I who killed you on the ship...... When I saw these, I was very shocked, a juvenile can have so much courage to say these, which I admire.

Of course, I admire people who have a resentment of the people, such as Silver as the representative of the people, in their body are hypocritical, presumptuous, evil, they kill the lives of others for themselves, they do not feel guilty for what you have done, but more and more rampant. Think of the money the brain is empty, finally only kill the idea, to a mans throat cut, run amuck. Let my mind they all come out with a pair of ferocious terror ningxiao eyes with a seaman knife killed many people crazy, only for their own benefit and loss of humanity.

Although the novel is genuine, his work embodies a sharp confrontation between good and evil. I think the story warns us not to do anything selfish, because it is the wrong way in your life, and Jim is a kind of spiritual wealth represented by justice.

During this term I have read a novel The Red and the Black. The novel was written by the French writer Stendhal in the 19th century. Marie·Henri Beyle better known by his pen name Stendhal was one of the critical realism French writers in the 19th century . The military and theatrical worlds of the First French Empire were a revelation to Beyle. Known for his acute analysis of his characters’ psychology and reflection of society he is considered one of the earliest and foremost practitioners of realism in his two novels Le Rouge et le Noir (The Red and the Black 1830) and La Chartreuse de Parme (The Charterhouse of Parma 1839). Stendhal laid down for himself in a diary entry of May 1804:“regard everything I’ve read to date about man as a prediction; believe only what I have seen for myself. Joy happiness fame all is upon it.” Futurity call it realism creation method. In France Stendhal was the first litterateur to reveal corruption of the bourgeoisie through literature.

The novel marks the beginning of realism. André Gide said that The Red and the Black was a novel ahead of its time that it was a novel for readers in the twentieth century. In Stendhal’s time prose novels included dialogue and omniscient narrator descriptions; his great contribution to literary technique was describing the psychologies (feelings thoughts inner monologues) of the characters resultantly he is considered the creator of the psychological novel.

导语：在会写记叙文之前我们首先要学会怎么去记叙好一件简单的事情，下面我们来看看叙事文的写作方法。

一、要交代清楚事情发生的地点、时间;要把事情的经过、因果写明白。

一件事，总离不开时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果等六个方面的内容，因此，只有把这些方面写清楚了，才能使别人明白你写了一件什么事。

然而，交代这六个方面内容不应该呆板，要根据文章的需要灵活掌握。时间、地点也并不是非要直接点明不可的，有时候可以通过描述自然景物的特征及其变化，将它们间接表示出来。

如“鸡喔喔叫了起来”，就是指天将亮了;“西边的太阳就要落山了”，指的是傍晚，等等。

二、要把事情经过写具体，并做到重点突出。

在记叙文六个方面的内容中，起因、经过和结果，是构成事情最主要的环节。为了把事情写得清楚、明白，在记叙中一定要写好事情的起因、经过和结果，特别要把事情的经过写具体，给人留下完整而深刻的印象。

三、记叙的条理要清晰。一件事都有发生、发展和结果的过程，按照事情发展的顺序记叙，文章的条理就会清楚明白。

确定记叙的顺序以后，还要安排好段落层次。适当地分段，可以使文章眉目清楚。要做到记叙的条理分明，必须在动笔之前，仔细地想一想，文章应该先写什么，再写什么，然后写什么，把记叙的轮廓整理出来。

在写记叙文的时候，我们要有条理性，先要想好先写什么，后写什么，安排好记叙的顺序，不然就会头绪杂乱，条理不清。那么我们要怎么写才能让文章条理清楚呢

一、运用顺叙。

顺叙，是按照事物发生、发展的先后次序进行叙述。这样写，可以将事物的发展过程，有头有尾地叙述出来，来龙去脉，十分清楚。运用顺叙写成的文章，它的层次、段落和事物发生、发展的过程是基本一致的。

顺叙有以时间为顺序的，有以事物发展规律为顺序的，也有以空间变换为顺序的。在叙事性的文章中，大多是以时间为顺序和以事物发展规律为顺序的。

按时间顺序进行叙述时，必须严格地安排好顺序，写清楚叙述的时间。现实生活中任何事情都不会突然发生，它总有一个发生、发展的过程。因此，作者常常要根据事情发生、发展、高潮、结局这一事情发展的规律来进行叙述，文章的层次也是清楚、明了的。

当然，有的文章事情比较简单，因而不一定非要写出事情过程的四个层次(发生、发展、高潮、结局)。

二、运用倒叙。

倒叙，就是把事件的结局或某个最突出的片断提在前面叙述，然后再从事件的开头进行叙述。

需要指出的是，运用倒叙的写法，必须注意交代清楚倒叙的起讫点，顺叙和倒叙的转换处要有明显的界限、必要的文字过渡。这些地方处理不好，会使文章脉络不清，头绪不明，影响内容的表达。

三、运用插叙。

插叙是指在叙述中心事件的过程中，由于某种需要暂时中断叙述的线索而插入的关于另一件事情的叙述。

需要指出的是，在运用插叙时不能打乱原来的叙述线索，要注意与上下文的衔接。这样，文章的结构不仅富有变化，而且叙述事情的条理非常清楚。