读后感的基本写作方法精选15篇 作文英语（热门20篇）

一篇文章有一个好的开头能影响到一篇文章的好与次，下面是小编分享的小升初作文开头写作方法，一起来看一下吧。

一、开头抒发真情实感

例：母亲，您是一股清澈的甘泉!我是一棵绿油油的禾苗;您是早晨的太阳!我是一株刚冒出嫩芽的小草;您是湛蓝的大海!我是一条小小的鱼儿……妈妈呀!请接受女儿的这份爱!作文的题目是《……笑了》，小作者写自己为妈妈做了一件事情，看到了妈妈欣慰的笑。在开头中使用了排比、比喻的修辞直抒胸臆，赞美了妈妈，也表达了对妈妈的感恩之情。抒发了真情实感，打动读者并引起了下文。

二、开头突出文章中心

例：一直以来，我有一个高远的梦想，就是能挺起胸、昂起头，做一个成功者!然而，殊不知，没有洒下汗水的土地怎能收获丰收的喜悦?没有精心培育的大树怎能长得叶繁枝茂?只有坚持不懈、永不言弃，才可以到达成功的彼岸!

作文的题目是《成功其实离我们很近》，小作者在文章开头就点明了文章的中心，写出了要想取得成功就要“洒下汗水”、就要“精心培育”;只有坚持不懈、永不言弃才能成功。开头直接进入主题，使中心突出，读者读起来也容易抓住要领。

三、紧扣作文题目写开头

例：成功时，我会听到妈妈的声音：“孩子，你是我的骄傲!”失败时，我会听到妈妈的声音：“别灰心，下次一定行!”骄傲时，我会听到妈妈的声音：“你还可以做得更好!”……

作文的题目是《声音》，小作者紧紧围绕“声音”两个字开篇，“声音”一词出现三次，每一次还都直接写出了“声音”的具体内容。让读者感受到成长中的小作者在关键的时候总会得到来自妈妈的赞扬、鼓励、提醒的声音!显示了审题和遣词造句的能力。

例：生命是一段牵挂的行程，即使是一把伞，也是父母对儿女一份暖暖的爱。在人的一生中，有许许多多是可以淡忘的，但是有些东西却无法忘却，譬如这生命中的伞。

这是一篇课外阅读《生命中的伞》的开头，作者紧紧围绕自己的题目中“生命”和“伞”开篇，强调了一把蕴含父母之爱的伞令作者终生难忘，开篇点题，引人深思。

四、开头渲染环境气氛

例：冬季，雪花翩然飘向大地，窗外是一个粉妆玉砌的童话世界，眼前是一片晶莹的白，我的思绪也如同轻灵的雪花，舞动起来。

作文题目是《财富》，小作者写了雪花纷飞的冬季里妈妈关爱自己的一件事，通过这件事感悟到伟大的母爱是一笔最大的财富。开篇描写了特殊的自然环境，渲染了气氛，为后文对人物的描写，事情的记叙做了铺垫。

例：夜好静好静，月光悄悄洒进我的房间，我躺在床上，想着白天的事情，久久不能入睡。

作文题目是《我做的对》，小作者写的是有一定朗诵水平的自己在朗诵比赛的复赛中被淘汰了，心情不好，但当进入决赛的同学需要帮助练习时，自己经过思想斗争，毫无保留地去帮助同学。同学在比赛中胜出，自己在分享别人的快乐的同时也慨叹自己做的对。文章开头只一句话，描写了“静静的夜”，“悄悄洒进房间的月光”，营造了一个恬静的夜晚，一如小作者“做对了”后那颗坦然、满足、平静的心境。

五、结合文章内容写开头

例：小时候，听外婆讲过吃到双黄蛋的人运气好、有福气，偶尔吃到双黄蛋的我总是高兴得不得了。前一段时间尽管我一直很努力，但学习成绩总是不理想，很是郁闷。最近，爸爸为我准备的早餐中总会出现双黄蛋，每次爸爸惊喜地把双黄蛋端给我看时，我就会拥有一份好心情，学习状态也越来越好。在我庆幸双黄蛋带给我好运的时候，我发现了爸爸为我“制作”双黄蛋的秘密……

作文题目是《这就是幸福》，小作者的这篇文章是写父亲为了调整孩子的心情，故意买小鸡蛋制作出“双黄蛋”给孩子吃，孩子发现了“秘密”后被父亲感动，也感悟到自己的幸运、福气与双黄蛋无关，自己的幸福是父亲用爱给搭建的。文章的开头将这件事的内容基本概括了一遍，令读者对文章的内容有所了解。

不管是作文本身，还是开头，都没有固定的写法，就看作者用什么样的方式让各种重要的元素串联起来。有些人习惯在开头设置些悬念，有些人习惯开门见山点题……不管怎么写开头，都要符合文章的中心思想。大家根据小升初作文的具体要求，灵活运用吧，尽量寻找出一条适合自己的开头方式。

看图写作考验的是学生的理解分析能力，以及联想能力，以下是小编整理的看图写作的方法，欢迎参考阅读！

一、细观图画，弄清图意

看图写话，顾名思义就是通过观察，看清图的内容，弄懂图的含义，并把所看到的内容按照一定的规律写下来。写看图作文，关键要掌握两点：一是观察，二是想象。观察和想象是两把开启看图写话之门的金钥匙。只有通过细致的观察，通过合理的想象，才能把看图写话写得生动、有趣。

观察是写的基础。没有观察，没有看清楚图的内容，自然就写不出句子来。在学生看图之前，老师应要求学生注意两点：首先，观察时要抓住重点，弄清图意。通常的 做法是对画面进行重点的观察。看一看处在中心位置、前排位置的人物和景物，这些通常就是重点。有了重点，再对它进行认真仔细地观察。其次，观察时要有顺序 的观察。一般先从整体观察，看主要画的是什么内容，再按照从上到下，从远到近，从左到右等顺序进行观察。从而明确画面所交代的时间、地点及有关的人和物， 并找出它们之间的关系。有了观察时的合理顺序，写话时才会有条理。

二、合理想象，理清关系

有些同学很认真的看图，并且把图的内容也说清楚了，可是写出的话干巴巴的，这是因为这些同学在写话时忽略了另一个问题，那就是联想和想象。看图写话，仅仅把 在图上观察到的内容写下来是不够的，因为只看不想，只是客观地把画面内容写下来，没有自己的情感，怎么会有感染人的力量呢？因此，在观察时应展开丰富的联 想和想象。当然，说想象，不是说可以天马行空，任意发挥，想象要有依据。对于看图写话来说，首先要依据画面来想象。要透过画中人物的表情、动作，去分析、 想象人物的内心活动或语言对话，要用眼前的活动画面，想象事情发展的前因后果，从而把图上的人、物写活，把事情的来龙去脉交代清楚。例如，我在教学第二册 语文园地四中的口语交际《续讲故事》时，就引导学生思考：小松鼠为什么事才急急忙忙找小白兔？小白兔会怎么说？让学生充分发挥自己的想象，并鼓励学生“看 谁最聪明，能说的与别人说的不一样。”通过引导，调动和启发学生的联想和想象，写出的内容就会丰富多彩。可以说，没有想象，就写不出好的看图作文来。有了 细致的观察，有了合理丰富的想象，就能把握住看图写话的要领。

三、启发口述，联句成篇

写话就是用笔说话，像说话一样，一句一句说，别人才能听得清楚。看图作文大多是要求写一个较为完整的小故事。因此，在完成对图画的观察和想象后，我要求学生 口述图画内容，这样，既训练了学生的口语表达能力，又提高了学生的书面表达能力。在一年级时，我就要求学生用一两句话写清时间、地点、人物、干什么。由于 学生的表达能力很差，因此在这一环节，我就制定了三个练话的句式，让学生逐句练说、练写：

（1）谁在哪儿干什么

（2）什么时间谁在哪儿干什么

（3）什么时 间谁在哪儿干什么结果怎样或心情如何。通过一段时间的练写，接受能力强的学生可以练习连句成段，对于接受能力较弱的学生仍坚持强化练习。同时，我还经常收 集一些主题鲜明的图画，让学生进行说话、写话训练，或利用课文中出现的词说一句话，让学生体会如何运用这些词语，便于学生在今后的写话中运用上这些词。

四、激发写话兴趣

要想让学生们喜欢表达，喜欢写作，老师得用欣赏的眼光看待学生们的写作成果，让学生们享受写作成功的喜悦。为此，每次写话结束后，我都会把写得好的同学请到 讲台上朗读自己的作品，课后将其作品贴在墙上，让全班同学观看，让学生觉得自己是多么了不起，学生们的写作热情越来越高了。

总之，看图写话是有规律可循的，只要教师做好“看、想、写”三步的指导，相信学生们都会喜欢上写作的。

The father and son of E Blaus, a German painter, is an interesting and animated cartoon. The comic book reflects the sincere feelings of father and son. The father first came to this world, and later his son came to the world. On the road of life, more than one companion, also equal to more than a friend.

When father is in trouble, the first one to think of is his clever, lovely and lively son. When his son is in trouble, he first thinks of his humorous, fat and honest father. When his son was a child, his son grew up to be the patron saint of his father.

There are one hundred and ninety-five episodes in this comic book, and the first episode, "homework shy", attracts me like a magnet. Father saw his sons homework will not do, and then help his son to do, and the result of a mistake, his father was a teacher. I know that father loves his son, but he doesnt do it the right way.

Although there is not a word in the painting, they still feel the father and son love between them. For example, the "sons gift", his son gave his father a gift, but because of carelessness, gift broke. The son wept sadly. Instead of blaming him, father comforted his son. He picked up the needle in the debris of the gift and made a pipe through the pipe! Son, then I know, I still have meaning.

Kind and optimistic father and naughty son, they both draw the sense of father and son.

考试前，建议考生翻阅大量的范文，积累一些考试作文的结构。下面是小编为你带来的2017年高考散文写作方法【收藏】，欢迎阅读。

一：作文成绩看字迹，得分要素是第一

任何形式的作文考试，阅卷老师打分时，第一眼，看的是字迹。因此，写作文必须要把字写好。记住，考作文考的是内容，而不是书法，切忌字迹潦草。

二：考试作文五六段，干净整洁看卷面

考试作文中，要注意及时分段，三四个段落显得少了，八九个段落，显得琐碎了些。除非有特殊情况，段落以五六个段落为好。此外，卷面一定要整洁，不要涂改得乱七八糟。我的看法是，考试作文每段最好别超过5行，顶多是5行半。切忌一段都八九行，写成“大肚子作文”。一旦给阅卷老师视觉上的疲劳，影响他的心理，分数就受影响。如果有必要，死拉硬拽也要注意分段。

三：色彩对比也关键，建议用笔选择蓝

考试作文的卷子上，都是用黑颜色印刷的方格。如果你用非常粗而且黑的钢笔答题，墨水容易“泄一滩”，影响卷面的干净。建议学生用不浅不深、笔画不粗不细的蓝色中性笔写作文。这样的作文写出来，与黑色的方格形成一定的视觉对比，阅卷老师在视觉上有眼前一亮的感觉，分数上可能就会占便宜。在用蓝色中性笔写作文的时候，注意不要用字把方格填满，建议占字格下面或者左下面的四分之三，这样，显得作文每行的层次感比较强。卷面显得也相对美观。

四：开头结尾要简练，最好首尾两行半

除了切忌大肚子作文外，“大头作文”也要不得。建议考生在写作文的时候，开头结尾占两行半的卷面。顶多也不能超过三行半。想想看，一个开头就占太多的空间，阅卷老师的视觉又会有瞬间的疲劳，也会影响阅卷老师的情绪。

五：动笔之前要拟题，漂亮标题如美女

考试作文中，一般都是由考生自己来拟定题目，题目不宜太长和太短。怎么拟题呢?对于成绩一般的考生，应该采取特别措施了。拟题的办法有2个，一是你去百度上搜索一下作文拟题目，可以找到作文老师讲述的类似技巧。二是考生家长或考生，赶紧去翻阅最近一年的读者和青年文摘的合订本，根据题材，选择几十个比较精彩的标题，背下来，考试的时候可能比葫芦画瓢地就能采用到。合订本在大洋百货东边胡同里的书摊上有卖。

六：作文首尾要打眼，丰富多彩出靓点

考试作文的开头方法很多：六要素开头法、题记开头法、悬念开头法、引名句开头法、排比句开头法、拟人式开头法、设问式开头法、对偶式开头法、博喻加对仗开头法，合用修辞开头法、巧述典故开头法，解题式开头法、名人问答开头法、诗文引用开头法。希望考生们准备好一些关于道德、学习、礼仪、爱国、美德等方面的典故、名人名言，到时候就用得上。至少，你看到作文的时候，脑子里会闪现出上述前七八个开头方法。

结尾也很重要。一般来说，结尾是总结全文。如果是记叙文，要注意抒情。如果是议论文，则要注意归纳。无论如何，最好要扣准标题。怎么扣呢?如果你实在拿不准，就在结尾段的第一句，把题目说一下，然后归纳全文观点就是了。建议百度一下结尾方法，汲取有用成分。

七：动笔之前不要慌，想了题目列提纲

上面说了好几种技巧，其实在具体操作的时候，列提纲很关键。譬如，写记叙文要设计好开头结尾，同时要把你叙述的事情分成几个层次，一个层次是一段，中间如果能设置好一个过渡句或过渡段更好。列提纲的时候，一定要把开头结尾写详细写，中间各段，穿插哪些精彩的话语或名言俗语、诗词典故，要写准。一个合格的学生，列提纲，大约5分钟到8分钟。时间要掌握好，如果时间紧张，提纲就要简练些。

八：想好主题和文体，非驴非马不可取

写作文，要么是记叙文，要么是议论文。一般来说，多是“总—分—总”结构。记叙文的结尾要注意抒情和总结哲理，议论文最好是“1—3—1”或者“1—4—1”结构，中间的3或4，是分层解题。当然也可以灵活采用夹叙夹议的手法。但是注意，千万别议论文说了那么多事例却不归纳主题，千万记叙文忘记说事却议论过多。因此，写考试作文，事先要想好了，我写的是什么文体，就按相应文体的写法来写。

九：适当克隆和“抄袭”，考前备料攒信息

考试前，建议考生翻阅大量的范文，积累一些考试作文的结构。如果写记叙文，最好翻阅《读者》和《青年文摘》，其中的一些散文，结构是很好的，可以把写作的梗概和套路归纳出来。到考试的时候，你采用别人的“筐”，把自己的东西向里面装就可以了。关于感情、爱国、人生之类的优美语言，可以分别背个三五句，到时候直接抄上去就行了，这不算抄袭。关于国家大事，时事政治和要闻什么的，也要注意搜集一下。譬如，去年有奥运，今年是建国60周年，还有汶川地震的感人事迹等，都可以做考试作文的题材。

此外也有一些不太规范的方法，譬如别家的感人事迹，可以搬到自己家。这在考试的时候要灵活慎重运用。

十：篇幅争取要写满，多写一点是一点

一般来说，中考高考作文要求都不低于600—800字。如果要求是600字左右，那就顶多写到700字。如果是不低于多少字，建议考生，争取合理安排卷面，把给的卷面写满到95%左右。譬如中考作文不低于600字，那么试卷给的卷面多是800字左右，那么，你争取写到780字，留下最后一两行。作文老师一看你写得那么多，肯定觉得你的作文相对熟练，作文打分就趋高不趋低。

1994.6

Directions:

For this part , you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition based on the title: The Career I Pursue.

You must write your composition in no less than 120 words on the Composition Sheet and remember to write in readable handwriting.

1994.1

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic We Need to Broaden Our Knowledge.

You should write no less than 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1. 科学技术是社会发展所不可缺少的

2. 社会科学和自然科学相互渗透

3. 现代大学生需要广博的知识

1993.6

Directions:

For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic My View On Opportunity. You must base your composition on the following instructions (give in Chinese):

有的人认为机会是极少的，另一些人则认为人人都会有某种机会。你的看法如何？

写出你的理由并且适当举例。在你的文章结尾处不要忘记写出你的结论。

Your composition should be no less than 120 words. Remember to write it neatly.

1993.1

Directions:

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition based on the title: Motorcycles And City Traffic. You should base your composition on the following outline (given in Chinese).

1.近年来中国城市的摩托车

2.摩托车的优点和缺点

3.你对我国城市中摩托车发展的前景的看法

You must write your composition in no less than 120 words on the Composition Sheet and remember to write in readable handwriting.

1992.6

Directions:

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Looking Forward to the Twenty-First Century. Your composition should be based on your answer to the following question written in Chinese:

1.新世纪科技发展的前景如何？

2.新的科学技术会给社会带来什么好处？

3.新的科学技术会带来什么问题？

4.你怎样对待新世纪的挑战战？

Your composition should be no less 120 words.

1992.1

Directions:

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition based on the following graph which shows the change in the number of film - goers and TV - watchers in a certain city. The title of the composition is: Film Is Giving Way to TV. You should write no less than 120 words for your composition and it must include the following ideas (given in Chinese):

1.电影观众越来越少

2.电视观众越来越多，因为……

3.然而，还是有人喜欢看电影,因为…….

Quote as few figures as possible. Remember to write your composition in readable handwriting.

1991.6

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition based on the graph below.

The suggested Title is: Car Accidents Declining in Walton City. Remember that your composition

must be written according to the following outline:

1.Rise and fall of the rate of car accidents as indicated by the graph;

2.Possible reason(s) for the decline of car accidents in the city;

3.Your predictions of what will happen this year.

Your composition should be no less than 120 words and you should quote as few figures as

possible.

1991.1

Directions:

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about Man Is to Survive. You should base your composition on the following outline:

1.人类面临的问题（如能源，疾病，污染，人口等）

2.悲观的看法（如人类将无法生存）

3.人类的智慧出路

Your composition should be no less than 120 words. Be sure to write your composition in readable handwriting.

1990.6

Directions:

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: How to Solve the Housing Problem in Big Cities. Four suggested solutions to this problem are listed below. You are supposed to write in favour of one suggestion (ONE only) and against another (ONE only). You should give your reasons in both cases. You should write no less than 120 words. Remember to give a short introduction and a brief conclusion. Write your composition clearly.

四种可能解决住房问题的方案：

1.多造高层建筑

2.向地下发展

3.建造卫星城市

4.疏散城市人口

1990.1

Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How to Solve the Problem of Heavy Traffic according to the following OUTLINE. Your composition should be no less than 120 words. Remember that the contents of the OUTLINE should ALL be included in your composition. But you are not supposed to translate the OUTLINE word for word.

OUTLINE

问题：城市交通拥挤

解决方案（solution）

1.建造(lay down)更多道路

优点：(1) 降低街道拥挤程度

(2) 加速车流（flow of traffic）

缺点：占地过多

2.开辟（open up）更多公共汽车线路

优点：减少自行车与小汽车

缺点：对部分人可能造成不方便

结论：两者结合

2016六级写作突破笔记(七)

题型分类 (Classification of every essay):

一、第一种题型（对比观点选择题；Essay I）:

(一)题型特点：

1、 大多为三点提纲，提纲模式一般为：有一些人……；还有人……；我的看法或观点；

2、少数时候也会出现两点提纲的情况，此时可以补充成三点提纲来写作。

(二) 历年真题：

2000.6； 1999.6； 1998.6； 1997.6； 1996.1；1995.6；1993.6； 1993.1

二、 第二种题型（社会热点话题；Essay II）:

(一)题型特点：

1、 应该为三点提纲，但是通常以两点提纲出现的题目居多，所涉及主题为当时社会热点；

2、如果是两点提纲，则补充成三点提纲写作。

3、通常模式为：现象概述--细节（原因、危害、方式等）--自我评论

(二)历年真题：

2002.12； 2000.12； 2000.1； 1999.1； 1997.12； 1995.1；

三、第三种题型（图标题；Report; Essay III）:

（一）题型特点：

1、 以图表作为信息来源的写作模式

2、通常模式为：描述图表--解释原因--自我评论

（二）历年真题：

2003.6; 2000.6； 1996.6； 1992.1； 1991.6

四、第四种题型（书信题； Essay IV）:

(一) 题型特点：

1、写书信

（二）历年真题：

2001.6； 2002.1；

五、第五种题型（谚语格言题； Essay V）:

(一) 题型特点：

1、文章题目为一句格言或谚语

2、通常模式为：解释谚语--举例论证--画龙点睛

(二) 历年真题：

1997.1；

1999.1

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic. Dont Hesitate to Say "No"

You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1.别人请求帮助时，在什么情况下我们说"不"。

2.为什么有些人在该说"不"的时候不说"不"。

3.该说"不"时不说"不"的坏处。

1998.6

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Do "Lucky Numbers" Really Bring Good Luck?

You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1. 有些人认为某些数字会带来好运。

2. 我认为数字和运气无关，……

1998.1

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic My View on Fake Commodities.

You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given on Chinese) below:

1. 假冒伪劣商品的危害。

2. 怎样杜绝假冒伪劣商品。

1997.6

Directions: For this part you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic My View on Job-Hopping

You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1. 有些人喜欢始终从事一种工作，因为…

2. 有些人喜欢经常更换工作，因为…

3. 我的看法。

1997.1

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Haste Makes Waste. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1. 为什么说"欲速则不达"。

2. 试举例说明。

1996.6

Directions:

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition based on the grouphs below.

Heaalth Gains in Developing Countries

Life Expectancy Infant Mortality

1996.1

Directions:

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition based on the title: Why I Take the College English Test Band 6, You should base your composition on the following outline (given in Chinese).

1.有人认为没有必要参加大学英语六级考试

2.我参加CET－6考试的理由

You must write your composition in no less than 120 words on the Composition Sheet and remember to write in readable handwriting.

1995.6

Directions:

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition based on the title: Should Firecrackers Be Banned? You should base your composition on the following outline (given in Chinese).

1.有人认为放鞭炮是好事，为什么？

2.有人认为放鞭炮是坏事，为什么？

3.我的看法

You must write your composition in no less than 120 words on the Composition Sheet and remember to write in readable handwriting.

1995.1

Directions:

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition based on the title: My View on the Negative Effects of Some Advertisements. You should base your composition on the following outline (given in Chinese).

1.现在有些不良的商业广告

2.这些广告的副作用和危害性

3.我对这些广告的态度

You must write your composition in no less than 120 words on the Composition Sheet and remember to write in readable handwriting.

2016六级写作突破笔记(三)

典型的对比观点选择题的文章逻辑结构：四段比较好

（启）Paragraph I：（1）引出将要评论的事物或者是观点；可以用问句开头How should people ……

（2）简明扼要的提出人们在这个问题上的两种不同看法。

（承）Paragraph II：（1）提出一种观点或优点；

（2）本段的支持性分论点；

（3）本段总结（可以省略）。

（转）Paragraph III：（1）承上启下的过渡句；

（2）提出另一种观点或缺点；

（3）本段的支持性分论点

（4）本段总（可以省略）。

（合）Paragraph IV：（1）平衡两种看法；

（2）给出自己的观点。

④14分

How should we read? Should we read selectively or extensively? Everyone has his own view.（启）

注：1.第一句提出问题，第二句提出两种见解

Some people think we should read selectively. They argue that with the development of modern science and technology, more and more books are published. It is impossible for us to read all the books. Whats more, there are many bad books that are poisonous to our mind, and we shouldnt read them. Since we cant read all the books and we shouldnt read bad books, we must read selectively.（承）

注：1.本段总分总结构

2.they argue that = they think that

3.with the development of...

4.whats more 递进关系，moreover

But others may not agree, they emphasize that todays society is not what it was. If one man has many kinds of knowledge, he will have more chances to succeed. If a man knows much in one field but knows nothing in other fields, he may be useless. Since we must have many kinds of knowledge, we must read extensively.（转）

注：1.But 转折词

2.they emphasize that = they think that

3.todays society is not what it was 现代社会今昔非比

4.许多知识 a wide range of/a large scope of/much；获取知识 acquire/get knowledge

5.knows nothing→little；he may be useless→he may not be of great use to the society 后者比前者更委婉

Whos right? I think both of them have something right. But I think we should read extensively first. We should read books in many fields, and read selectively in one field.（合）

There is a lot to be said for both sides on the argument. But I hold the opinion that……

①11分

When it comes to reading, some people think that reading selectively is a good way, but some other people do not agree with them, they think that reading extensively is better.

Those people, who think that reading selectively is better, believe that good books are as many as bad books. Those good books can give us pleasure and knowledge, while those bad books can only lead us to the wrong way. So, they suggest that we should only choose the good books to read and never touch the bad books.

注：1."people, who"应去掉逗号，改为非限制定语从句。

2.they suggest that = they think that

3.touch 碰，闪光点词汇，如教材P7：shoulder the responsibility of doing sth. 肩负起责任

But, the other people, who hold that reading extensively is better, think that one kind of books can only give us one aspect of knowledge. Even the best book only contains one field of information. So, they can easily come to the conclusion that "to know more, to read more". So they believe that reading extensively is better.

To my point, we should choose good books to read and read good books as many as possible. By this way, we can increase the quality and quantity of reading.

实例二 99年6月真题

Reading Selectively Or Extensively?

Outline: 1.有人认为读书要有选择

2.有人认为应当博览群书

3.我的想法

①11分

When it comes to reading, some people think that reading selectively is a good way, but some other people do not agree with them, they think that reading extensively is better.

Those people, who think that reading selectively is better, believe that good books are as many as bad books. Those good books can give us pleasure and knowledge, while those bad books can only lead us to the wrong way. So, they suggest that we should only choose the good books to read and never touch the bad books.

But, the other people, who hold that reading extensively is better, think that one kind of books can only give us one aspect of knowledge. Even the best book only contains one field of information. So, they can easily come to the conclusion that "to know more, to read more". So they believe that reading extensively is better.

To my point, we should choose good books to read and read good books as many as possible. By this way, we can increase the quality and quantity of reading.

②5分

I think reading not only selectively but also extensively. Because the two sides are not contradict. Our time is limited. So we can not read every book in the world. However, we will not be interested in every book. We should read those books may be useful to ours, read those books which we like. But those books which we choose must be extensively so it can give ours all kinds of knowledge, news and so on, it also make ours become a wise man. On the one hand reading selectively let ours not waste our time which it is limited. Moreover it can emphasis among all books that we can read. On the other hand reading extensively can deal with all kinds of need in our life. They are all useful to ours.

失分原因：分段太少，语法错误太多

③2分

Most people thought that read books should have been selective. But others believed reading extensively was correction.

Selective books or reading extensively?

Sure, you can choice one from previous ideas,

on one hand, There are too book to read for us. We should choose those which we interested, and it would be helpful for us.

On another hand. Someones interesting was wide. Each book could bring you specific contain we couldnt reading at only one level.

I confirmed all of these ideas were good but werent wise.

As a reader, the main task is to discover more and more books the second task is to held some which wonderful and helpful for us. Dont treat these books with reckless abandon.

The best technology of reading is connect.

失分原因：分段太多，语法错误太多

④14分

How should we read? Should we read selectively or extensively? Everyone has his own view.

Some people think we should read selectively. They argue that with the development of modern science and technology, more and more books are published. It is impossible for us to read all the books. Whats more, there are many bad books that are poisonous to our mind, and we shouldnt read them. Since we cant read all the books and we shouldnt read bad books, we must read selectively.

But others may not agree, they emphasize that todays society is not what it was. If one man has many kinds of knowledge, he will have more chances to succeed. If a man knows much in one field but knows nothing in other fields, he may be useless. Since we must have many kinds of knowledge, we must read extensively.

Whos right? I think both of them have something right. But I think we should read extensively first. We should read books in many fields, and read selectively in one field.

⑤8分

Some people think reading shall be chosen. Because some books are good to human beings and some books are harmful to people.

Some people think that men should read books widely. Because wide reading can help man get much knowledge. And man can use it to change the world.

It is my point that reading must be selectively. Because reading is important to man. Some books can help man but some books can lead some people to crime. It can be seen in the newspapers and watched on TV. We can make full use of some good books and gain more useful knowledge. It can make our life more beautiful. We must give up those unhelpful books. They are not good to us. Reading them is wasting time and money. So reading selectively is an important part in reading.

失分原因：结构失调，表述方式单一

写作原则

内容简单化

结构模式化（主题句-分论点-总结）

语言要包装

错误要回避

万能理由 (Omnipotence)：

1、方便：convenient/convenience

2、效率：efficient/efficiently/efficiency

3、节省和浪费：save time/money/space; economical, thrift

waste time/money/space; costly, lavish

4：人的心理健康：independent, cooperative, competitive,

considerate, confident, creative, sociable,

perseverance; selfish, isolated, conservative

5、人的身体健康：health, disease, strong, strength, energetic

6、娱乐：colorful, pleasure, joy, recreation, entertainment, relax

tired, boring, lonely

7、环境：environment, pollute, poisonous, dirty

8、安全和危险：safe, danger, risk

9、经验：experience, social experience, enter the society

10、人际：humane, fair, unfair, help, assist, freedom, freely

基本表达(Basic Elements of English Writing)：

越来越：be increasingly + adj., be on the rise, the growing number of

人们认为：it is generally/widely believed/held/agreed that

许多问题：a host of/a number of problems

引起人们注意：claim call/attract general/public/world attention to sth.

意识到：there is a growing awareness/realization of/that, awaken sb. to the fact/danger

适应新的形势/变化：adapt/adjust/accommodate oneself to new environment/change

接触各种思想/经历：be exposed to new ideas/experiences/problems

接触社会：come into frequent/close contact with the world/society

获得成功：achieve/accomplish success

提出观点/建议：advance / put forward / come up with the arguments/ideas/suggestions

作出努力：make tremendous/persistent/sustained effort to do sth., take great pains to do(with work/study)

影响学习/工作：interfere with studies/work

产生影响：have/exert a profound influence on life/personality, have a dramatic/undesirable effect on

较好地驾驭生活：be a better pilot of ones life

剥夺机会/权力：deprive oneself of the chance/right/opportunity

取代就的方式：substitute for/take the place of the old way

采取措施：take effective steps/measures to

控制我们的环境：take/gain increasing control over our own environment

躲避危险/挑战：shy/run away from the dangers/challenge

满足要求：meet/satisfy/accommodate the demand of

补偿损失：compensate for/make up for the loss/damage

解释某现象：account for/explain the phenomenon

对……很好的了解：have a better understanding/appreciation of, have a new perspective on. provide/gain an insight into

把某因素考虑进去：take sth. Into account(consideration), give much thought to

品位人生/自由/青春：savor the life/freedom/youth

培养对……的信心：develop/foster ones interest/confidence in

经历变化/困难/艰险：undergo/experience great changes/hardships/experience

表现出自信心等：project ones confidence/feeling/image

生活充满不公正的地方：life is full of minor irritation/injustice

追求学习/职业：pursue ones academic interest/professional career

学习知识/技术：pursue/acquire knowledge/technology/skill

被看作学习的……榜样：be held up as a good example

交流经验/知识：share experience/ideas/problems/knowledge

发挥/起到重要作用：play an (important/active/great) role/part

逃学/缺课：skip school/a class/a meeting/a lecture

知识/经验丰富：rich in knowledge/experience

确立/追求目标：set/pursue a goal/higher standard

到达目标：achieve/accomplish/stain the goal/aim/objective

克服困难：overcome obstacles/difficulty

面临危险/困难：be confronted/faced with/in the face of danger/difficulty

阻碍了成功：stand in the way of success, be an obstacle/barrier to success/growth

阻碍了发展：hamper/impede/stunt the development of

持传统的看法：hold conventional wisdom

发表看法：voice/express ones opinion

持相反/合理的观点：take the opposite/fresh view

揭穿某种一贯的说法：shatter the myth of

求得帮助：enlist ones support/help

缩小差别：bridge/narrow/fill the gap/gulf (between city and country)

把成功/错误归咎于：attribute/own the success/failure to

对……重要：be indispensable/important/vital to

施加压力：put/exert a academic pressure on

重视：assign/attach much importance/significance to

强调：place/put much emphasis/stress/value on

把注意力集中在：focus/concentrate ones attention/efforts/thoughts upon

提供机会/信息：provide/offer/furnish an opportunity/information for sb.

抓住机会：grab/seize/take the opportunity

得到机会：enjoy/gain access to a opportunity/information

有可能：there is (little/much) possibility/likelihood that, chances/the odds are that

展开竞争：compete against/with sb. for the prize/position/control/the mastery of

开展运动：conduct(carryon/undertake/initiate/launch/wage) a (vigorous/nation-wide/publicity/advertising) campaign (for/against)

对我很有/没有什么意义：make much/little sense to me

带来无穷的幸福/满足：be a source of happiness satisfaction/contentment/pride/complaint

献身于：devote/dedicate/commit oneself to a cause/career

大不（没什么）两样：make much(little/no) difference

真正重要的是：what really matters/accounts is …

改变生活旅程：change/alter the course of life

建立在大量的学习/实践上：built on tremendous amount of study/practice

进行调查/执行任务：conduct/carry out an study/task/experiment

辞去工作/学习：leave/quit ones job/work/school

参加考试/竞赛等：enter (for) the examination/contest, race

参加活动/讨论：take part/participate/be engaged in sports/activities/discussion

影响思想/态度/事件的形成：shape ones thinking/attitude

进入大学/社会/家庭/劳力市场/职业：enter a school/college/society/the work force/professionals

实现自己的理想/愿望：realize/fulfill/achieve ones dream(hops/wish/desire)

减轻压力/紧张：reduce/alleviate/relieve the stress/pressure/tension

提高社会地位：enhance/improve/upgrade social status/position/standing rise to the position of leadership

提高技术/能力：sharpen (increase/improve/enhance/boost) ones skill/ability

加快/促进发展：accelerate/facilitate/advance/enhance/boost the development of

随着生活节奏的加快：with the quickening pace/rhythm/tempo of modern life/society

开阔眼界/兴趣：broaden ones interest/outlook, expand(broaden/enlarge) ones mental horizons

有助于了解/发展/宣传/解决：contribute much/little/greatly/to a better understanding of/the popularity of/the growth of/the solution of

有助于解决问题：go a long way to(towards) solving the problem

迷恋名利/分数：be obsessed/preoccupied with grades/fame/fortune

把时间花/浪费在：spend/waste time doing sth., put in hours doing sth.

利用机会/技术：make (full/better) use of/take advantage of opportunity/time, tap/harness technology potential/skills/talent

把知识/经验运用到…：apply/put the theory/knowledge/experience… to practice/daily life/good use

取得进步：make much progress/strides/gains in

充分发挥潜力/能力：develop ones ability/potential to the full, give full play to ones ability

充满激情/渴望：have a burning desire/a great passion for

通过分析近十年的四六级高分作文，我们归纳出了四六级作文中间段常用的写作方法。一般来讲，真正决定作文表达效果的还是中间段。为了紧扣题意，增强表达效果，中间段的写作可采用以下三种方法：

▌列举法

列举法是四级写作中常用的方法，一般用first, second等一系列标志词引出原因或者可能的影响等。列举法常用的素材有：

引出列举

1. There may be a combination of factors which contribute to/are responsible for/can explain ______. 也许有一些因素造成/可以解释______。

2. There are probably three/many/several/a variety of reasons for this dramatic/significant increase/decline in ______.引起______显著增长/下降的原因有三个/许多/几个/很多。

3. Some reasons can explain this trend. 一些原因可以解释这一趋势。

4. Why______ ?为什么______？

5. The causes of______ are varied. They include______ , perhaps the main cause is ______. 造成______的原因有很多，包括______,主要原因可能是______。

6. The reason for this is not far to seek. 这一问题的原因不难发现。

7. It is no easy task to identify the reasons for this phenomenon which involves several complicated factors. 要找出这一现象的原因并非易事，因为它涉及若干复杂的因素。

8. There are numerous reasons why ______, and I would explore only a few of the most important ones here. ______的原因有很多，这里我只想探讨其中几个最重要的原因。

9. There are many reasons responsible for this phenomenon, and the following are the typical ones. 导致这种现象的原因有很多，以下是其中比较有代表性的。

10. There are many reasons explaining this case. As for me, I regard the following as the typical ones. 有很多原因可以解释该问题。就我而言，我认为以下原因比较典型。

11. A number of factors could account for/contribute to/lead to/result in the change of ______. 引起______变化的因素有很多。

分条列举

1. In the first place, ______. In the second place______ .首先，______。其次，______。

2. First,______ . Second,______ . 首先，______。其次，______。

3. To begin with, ______. Secondly, ______. Last but not least, ______.首先，______。其次，______。最后但并不是最不重要的，______。

4. The first reason is that ______. The second one is ______. The third is ______. 第一个原因是______。第二个原因是______。第三个原因是______。

5. First of all, ______. Secondly,______ . Furthermore,______ .首先，______。其次，______。另外，______。

6. For one thing,______. For another, ______.一方面,______。另一方面，______。

7. Firstly, ______. Secondly, ______. Thirdly,______.首先，______。其次，______。再次，______。

8. Another reason why I disagree with the above statements is that I believe______.我不同意上述观点的另一个原因是我认为______。

▌对比法

对比法是指通过对比两种截然不同的观点来陈述其中的利弊，从而得出自己的结论。对比法常用的素材有：

1. The advantages gained in______ outweigh/are much greater than the advantages we gain from ______. 从______中获取的优势远远超过我们从______中获取的。

2.______ bear(s) a close/striking resemblance to ______.______与______极为相似。

3. On the one hand, ______. On the other hand, ______.一方面，______。另一方面，______。

4. Similarly/Likewise/In the same way,______ . 同样，______。

5. Although______ enjoy(s) a distinct advantage, ______.尽管______有明显优势，但是______。

6. Many students like ______. Among them there are two different attitudes to ______. Some of them think that . Others, however, don餿 think so. They feel that ______. 许多学生喜欢______。关于他们有两种不同的观点。有人认为______。而另外一些则不赞同这种看法。他们认为______。

7. Nothing/Few things can approach/equal/match ______. 没有什么能与______相比。

8. Indeed,______ carries more weight than______when______ is concerned.的确，就______而言，______的重要性要超过______。

9. Serious as the problem may be, it pales into insignificance by comparison with . 这个问题可能很严重，但与相比就微不足道了。

10. In comparison/contrast,______. 比较而言/对比起来，______。

11. Indeed/Certainly,______ play(s) a more/less important role when compared with ______. 当然，与______相比，______的影响要大/小得多。

12. Despite the fact that most of them like ______, I would like to choose to ______.尽管有许多人喜欢______，我还是倾向于______。

13. When the advantages and disadvantages are compared/weighed, the conclusion/finding is quite obvious/self-evident. 比较一下优缺点，结论就不言而喻了。

14. There is no consensus among people as to ______. Some people suggest that ______, while others argue that ______. I agree with the latter/former.人们并未就______达成一致意见。一些人建议______，而另一些人则争辩说______。我赞成后者/前者。

15. People differ greatly in their attitudes toward this problem. Some maintain that ______. Others, on the contrary, hold the opinion that ______. Personally, I stand on the side of ______. 人们对于这个问题的态度差异很大。有人认为______。与此相反，另外一些人认为______。就我个人而言，我站在______这一边。

16. For most people today, ______have/has become their main source of ______. But as for me, ______should be regarded as a better source. 如今大多数人将______作为______的主要来源。但就我而言，______应被看作一种更好的来源。

17. ______may be superior to ______, but it poses problems for those who ______. ______可能比______更好一些，但它会给那些______的人带来问题。

18. Different people have different ideas about ______. Some people take it for granted that ______. On the contrary, some other people think ______.关于______的观点因人而异。有人想当然地认为______。相反，其他人则认为______。

19. This case has aroused echoes throughout the country with more and more people following its lead, but ideas about it vary widely. Those who criticize/oppose/object to/are against it argue/hold that ______, but people who advocate/support/are for it maintain/assert/claim that ______. 随着越来越多的人加入它的行列，这一事件已经在全国引起了巨大反响。然而，人们对此的观点却迥然不同。反对者认为______，但支持者则宣称______。

20. People differ in their opinions on ______. Some of them believe that ______, while others deem that .人们对______持有不同的看法。有些人认为______,而有些人则认为______。

21. Many surveys show that people in increasing numbers are beginning to realize that ______. Meanwhile, many people still live under the traditional idea that ______. 许多调查显示，越来越多的人开始意识到______。同时，仍有许多人持传统观点，认为______。

▌举例法

所谓举例法，是指以恰当的事例来佐证自己的观点，例子应该典型、精炼。举例法常用素材有：

1. From my everyday experience and observation I can list several examples that defend the statement that ______.根据我的日常经验和观察，我可以举出几个例子来证明______。

2. There are many instances supporting my opinion. 有许多例子可以证明我的观点。3. Perhaps the most important example of______ is ______.有关______的最重要的例子可能是______。

4. A case in point is ______. 一个恰当的例子是______。

5. Take______ for example. 以______为例。

6. This is a concrete example that ______. 这是一个有关______的具体例子。

7. Nothing could be more obvious/apparent than the evidence that ______.再没有比______更明显的例子了。

8. I can think of no better illustration of this idea than the example of ______.要说明这个问题，______是一个最好的例子。

9. The latest surveys conducted by______ show/reveal/demonstrate/indicate that ______. 由______开展的最新调查显示______。

10. No one can deny the fact that . ______没有人可以否认______的事实。

11. Talking about ______, the first thing that may occur to you and me seems to be ______. 说到______，我们首先想到的似乎就是______。

12. A common example, which is frequently cited, is ______.一个被普遍引用的例子是______。

13. Instances of the same sort might be quoted easily, but this will be sufficient to show that ______. 类似的例子不胜枚举，但这一个就足以说明______。

14. History abounds with the example of ______. 历史上有许多______方面的例子。

H1N1 influenza, since the claws reached into the earth and stuck it into our world caused great sensation. From Moscow, the United States, Japan, ... ... to China, have spared, showing the speed of its spread. While we use some of the medical technology we have can be prevented, you can cure, but it is still scary. The most laughable thing is that some people thus do not eat pork. However, these are not the focus of my concern, I am concerned, I am sad is:

When we state the first to be infected were found, one who returned from abroad Sichuanese, I heard mostly blame everyone, it makes me sad exception. Had returned from abroad is a good thing, is between the happy event. But because even not aware of being infected was a complete mess of things hands and become pieces of sad things. At first, I think we should sorry for him, should go to help him. However, many people said: "In the U.S., do not come back Well!" "We also are engaged in a state of panic." ... ...

So I write this, would like to call everyone together for their fuel.

Unfortunately, they are infected, and now has been isolated, they can not see their loved ones, they have lost freedom, they are very painful, very unwilling. So let us give them the courage to give them strength! Let us wish them a speedy recovery!

H1N1流感，自从这个魔爪伸进地球，伸进我们的世界就引起了极大的轰动。从莫斯科，美国，学习英语的网站，日本……到我们中国，无一幸免，可见其传播速度之快。虽然我们利用我们己有的医学技术，可以预防，可以根治，但是却还是令人恐慌。最可笑的是，有人因此而不吃猪肉。然而，这些都不是我关注的焦点，令我关注的，令我伤心的是：

当我们国家的第一个被传染者被发现时，就是那个从国外回来的四川人，我听到的大部分都是大家的苛责，这令我异常难过。原本从国外回来，是件好事，是间喜事。却因为连自己也不知道被传染的事搅的得一塌糊涂，成了件悲事。原本我想我们应该为他难过，应该去帮助他。然而，很多人却说：“在国外就不要回来嘛!”“还搞的我们人心惶惶的。”……

所以我写这篇，学英语的好网站，想呼吁大家，一起为他们加油。

他们不幸感染上了，现在被隔离，他们不能见到自己的亲人，好的英语学习网站，他们失去了自由，他们也很痛苦，很不甘。所以让我们给他们勇气，给他们力量!让我们一起祝愿他们早日康复!

健康：中药能够战胜甲流吗？

英语写作：Freedom in my Dream

读后感属于议论文的范畴，但又不同于一般的议论文。

一般议论文，要求观点明确，论据典型，论证严密;而读后感最突出的特点是“读”和“感”的紧密结合。“读”，指读了何人、何文，文中有何事、何观点;“感”，是指读后有何感受。“读”是“感”的基础，“感”是“读”的升华。就所读作品而言，“读”是“即”—对所读内容和感发点作必要的交代;“感”是“离”—根据感发点进行联想，谈感受。“感”是“读”互相作用，不可脱节。

“读”和“感”的结合，一般采用两种形式：一是边述读(交代所读内容)边发感;二是先述读后发感。原则上讲，先述读后发感的形式比较好把握，适合初学写读后感的同学选用。

要写好读后感，除掌握以上基本的文体知识外，还必须把握以下几个写作步骤：

一、研读原文。

只有研读好原文，才能对原文的内容和主旨有深刻全面的理解和把握，才能从中有所感悟，这是写好读后感的基础。

二、确立感发点。感发点是读后感的中心论点，又是文章的“入手处”。

一篇文，一本书，一部影视片，一出戏剧，内容有简有繁，线索有多有少，人物有主有次，观点有深有浅，写读后感不可能面面俱到。那么，怎样确立感发点呢?方法很简单。我们研读某篇作品后，必然会受到启发，有所感悟，而我们受启发最大、感悟最深的那一点(或几点)，就可以确立为“感发点”。例如：写人为主的记叙文，感发点往往是人物最突出的精神、思想、品格等特点或最有价值的言论、行动。写事为主的记叙文，感发点往往是事件中所包含的意义、所反映的某种问题或普遍性的规律。议论文的感发点，一般是所读议论文的中心论点或分论点。其他文体感发点的确立的与此大同小异，不一一赘述。

三、述读与发感。

述读，指对所读文章的出处、篇名、作者、感发点等方面的交代，目的是使读者明白这篇读后感的由来，要发什么感。这些交代是必不可少的，否则，就会让读者不明白你的“感”由何而发。发感，是在述读和感发点的基础上，展开联想与引申，联系实际进行发挥，这是文章的主体部分。

联想与引申的原则是，要围绕感发点，要与原文材料有密切的联系。对联系的内容和实际还要进行必要的分析、议论或抒情，这样“感”才会深刻。这也是展开读后感主体部分最主要的方法。

另外，在论证感发点的过程中，要注意把两种论据紧密结合起来，一是所读原文的材料，二是联想和引申的材料。

四、读后感的结尾

结尾可概括中心，总结全文，或提出问题，发表看法，发人深思。“文无定则”，内容决定形式，采用什么形式结尾，要根据读后感的类型而定。

一、写建筑物的作文类型

通过描写或介绍一处建筑，表现劳动人民的聪明智慧，或展现现代化建设的新成就。

二、写建筑物的参考题目

略。

三、写建筑物的参考开头

略。

四、写建筑物的参考词句

错落有致/风格迥异/红墙碧瓦/拔地而起/小巧玲珑/气象万千/雄伟/干干净净/引人注目/富丽堂皇/讲究/天花板/精致/宽敞/张灯结彩/正中墙上/亭台楼阁/古色古香/明亮/高大雄伟/造型别致/玻璃幕墙/更加壮观/巍然屹立/高耸入云/鹤立鸡群/气势磅礴/小桥流水

1.地扫得干干净净的，炉子里的火还没有熄。

2.褪了色的红色薄棉衣，白底绣花的帐顶，发黄的藤靠椅，放在小桌子上绍兴式的茶壶套……一切都和当时一样。

3.我看见一棵树墩旁边安放着一口烧劈柴的铁炉，这大约就是他们烧水做饭的地方。

4.透过玻璃，可以看见客厅后面所种的竹子，碧绿可爱。

5.玻璃书柜里是一套套的精装的英文书，书柜的顶端摆着一盆翠绿的枝叶繁茂的文竹草。

6.到了夏季，白玉兰开花的时候，花儿散发出的香味，飘得满操场满校园都是。

7.一盏大红灯笼悬挂在教室的中央，一根根彩带，一串串纸花，把教室打扮得五彩缤纷，充满了节日的气氛。

8.树下摆着石凳，每逢休息的日子，石凳上总是坐满了人。

五、写建筑物的参考段落

1.新建的上海少年儿童浏河活动营地，就在我的家乡——唐行的浏河岛上。古色古香的活动楼、明亮宽敞的宿舍楼、小巧精致的食堂等构成了别具一格的建筑群，与幽静的白玉兰林、银杏林和香樟林，碧波荡漾的新浏河老浏河，组成了引人入胜的秀丽景色。

（写好建筑物也必须写好它的周围的环境，可以起到衬托的作用。）

2.喷泉真是各式各样，有拔地而起的水柱；有簇拥在水柱周围的菱形网状水帘；有腾起云雾状的水球，还伴随着悦耳、优美的乐曲声，随着声调的高低，颤动着二十四个喇叭型水花。

（用排比句来形容事物能够形成一定的气势，多角度地进行描绘，给人较深刻的印象。）

3.五亭桥是由五个亭子组成的，五亭相连，大亭端坐中央，四周的小亭对称地围绕着它。五亭桥下有十五个圆洞，圆洞相通，游船来往自如。中秋佳节，十五个圆洞中映着十五轮像玉盘似的月亮。远看，五亭桥像一座玲珑的水上宫殿；近看，五亭桥像是碧湖之上开了一朵巨大的莲花。

（远看和近看，小读者看起来很懂得描写的方法，一远一近，就把事物写清楚了，而且还有立体的感觉呢！）

4.苏州城里，有不少这样别致的小街小巷：长长的，瘦瘦的，曲曲又弯弯。石子路面，经过晚上的露水洒过，春雨洗过，显得光滑、闪亮。在它的旁边，往往躺着一条小河，同样是长长的，瘦瘦的，曲曲又弯弯。水面活溜溜的，风一吹，荡漾着轻柔的涟漪，就像是有什么人在悄悄抖动着碧绿的绸子。每隔二三十步，就有一座小桥。有耸肩驼背的小桥，有清秀玲珑的石板桥，也有小巧的砖砌桥和油漆栏杆的小木桥。

（细致的观察，同时加以分类，就能够把事物说明清楚。）

5.邮电大厦是一座庄严美丽的大厦。顶端是钟楼，钟楼上包着金属铜板，上面漆着绿漆。白底黑字的大自鸣钟高高地镶嵌在钟楼的上方。钟楼顶部是一根高耸的旗杆，旗杆上五星红旗迎风飘扬。站在那高耸入云的钟楼上可以俯视上海全景。钟楼下面便是一块题有“为人民服务”字样的匾额，在阳光下闪闪发光。十八根高大、粗壮、坚硬的花岗石棱柱支撑着屋檐，显得十分雄伟。

（从上到下，写作顺序很清楚。当然，我们读者读起来也就不会感到吃力了。）

6.再往前走，马路上下分开，中间的车道慢慢向下，伸向对面，从南到北，像彩虹一样，高高地架在天上。长桥的下面，每侧有12对水泥桥墩，像一个个巨人，叉开有力的双腿，守卫着大桥。拖着两条辫子的无轨电车在它的脚下飞跑。

（用打比方的方法来说明事物也是一个很好的手段。一打比方，别人不明白的也明白了。）

7.走进秦峰塔的底层塔门细看，门上的木条呈灰白色，上面布满了密密麻麻的芝麻大小的洞。门的两旁用方砖角砌成锯齿形。走进塔内，就听见啁啾的鸟叫声，鸟儿们在塔顶上嬉闹追逐。这里是鸟的乐园！抬头望，每层塔上都有断木。据说原先每层上都铺有木板，并有楼梯，人们能够爬到塔顶，俯览全镇风貌。如今，已是木去楼空，然而，塔身仍然坚不可摧，巍然屹立。这种精神，是我们所需要和发扬的呀！

（写建筑物，要写得形象生动，让人一下子就明白，打比方是一个很有用的方法。）

8.我们来到正桥，栏杆是乳白色的。在桥面矗立着十五根电杆，每杆安装四只杯形华灯，宛如倒扣的茶杯。乳白色的灯罩和蔚蓝的天空互相辉映，显得非常和谐。我想，到了夜晚，这些灯发出柔和的金色的光辉，一定会使大桥更加美丽，犹如披上了一层金纱。大桥有快车道和慢车道。快车道有十二米宽，可并排行驶四辆卡车。来往车辆从这里疾驰而过，奔向四方。桥两旁站立着威武的石狮子，它们像卫士一样，不管风吹雨打，忠实地守卫着大桥，又为大桥增添了几分雄姿。

（写建筑物，也需要想象。这位小作者是白天去参观的，所以他看不到夜晚的景色。但他觉得桥上的那些灯在晚上时一定很美丽，于是他就用“我想”这样的句式，开始了想象。文章也就变得丰富生动了。是不是大家都可以学学呢？）

9.居住在靖城的大人小孩都知道在东门菜场向北有一口稀奇的井。它是由四口小井组合在一起，所以人们都叫它“四眼井”。这四口小井的井口分布在一块正方形的石板上。人们经过这个地方都要特地走过去瞧瞧，觉得很新奇。井内水深不到二米，邻居们常常用吊桶去打水、淘米、洗衣服。天长日久，井圈上让绳子磨出了道道光滑的槽痕。我有时就喜欢伏在井圈上做着怪样子看着倒影，水中的倒影清清楚楚，我高兴得又跳又蹦。

（写井，先交待它的位置，怎样组成的，井水有多深，还特别写了井圈上的道道槽痕，给人历史久远的印象。然后再写我对这口井的喜爱。很有条理。其中写我伏在井圈上朝井内做怪样的事情，写得很有儿童的情趣。）

10.一走进小书亭，首先映入眼帘的是靠正面那座镶着透明玻璃的书柜。柜里整齐地放着书刊，有文学书，科技书，企业管理书，少儿书，真是应有尽有。有适合儿童看的，也有适合青年、老人看的，还有小说出租呢。各类书籍排得整整齐齐，最上层是专业书籍，第二层是政治读物，中间两层是少年儿童读物，底下几层是医药卫生等读物。在营业员旁边，还有条理地堆放着一些报纸书刊。

（写建筑物和写别的东西一样，要注意顺序，不能想到写什么就写什么，眉毛胡子一把抓。这一段虽然很简单，但却很有次序，一点不乱。）

六、写建筑物的参考题材

略。

考研英语写作：应用文写作之感谢信

大纲对应用文写作的评价目标是：考生应能根据所设情景，写出不同类型的应用文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等。写作时。考生应能：

1） 做到语法、拼写、标点正确、用词恰当；

2）遵循文章的特定问题格式；

3）合理组织文章结构，使其内容统一、连贯；

4）根据写作目的和特定读者，选用恰当语域。

应用文写作不需要华丽的辞藻和多变的句式，只需要能够用简洁概括的语言将事情叙述清楚就能够取得不错的成绩。应用文写作作为考研英语中性价比比较高的题目，考生必须重视对其复习。应用文写作可以充分借鉴模板，以达到更好的复习效果。下面，就为考生介绍一下感谢信的基本写作方法。

感谢信的目的是感激对方为自己的付出，感激之情要传达得真挚自然，不要刻意夸大。感谢信所涉及的内容多种多样，比如可以感谢对方替自己做了一件事情，在自己痛苦时安慰了自己，出席了自己的宴会等等。其内容包括：1)表达感激之情2)回顾事情的经过 3)肯定对方帮助的价值以及对自己的影响，表达自己回报的愿望。

常用套语有：

1表达感激之情：

Thanks so much for…;Abundant thanks to … for…

Im writing to express my heartfelt thanks for …

On behalf of my whole family, I wish to extend our heartfelt thanks for all the trouble you had taken in …I must write to thank you for inviting me to…

2肯定对方帮助的价值及影响：

You will never know how much we appreciated your kind and practical help. Your …meant more than I can express in words. Nothing can be more precious for me than your…

3表达回报的愿望：

I hope I can return the favor someday … Do call on me if I can ever return the favor. 感谢信中比较特殊是求职者面试后给面试官写的信。

此类感谢信的内容不只是感谢，而是一般感谢信和求职信的结合。其主要内容包括：(1)感谢对方给你面谈的机会，并注明你面试的时间和所求的职位;(2) 说明你对该公司、该职位的兴趣，强调你的知识与技能符合公司的需要，表示自己能为公司的发展做出贡献。也可以补充说明或澄清在面谈中忽略或没有讲明的问题 (3)重申你对该职位的兴趣，主动提供更多的材料，表示期待他们的消息。

Directions: You have just attended an interview in Apfel Incorporated for the position of marketing analyst. Write a letter of appreciation to the interviewer Mr. David Wayne. Your letter should include the following points:

1) express your appreciation for the interview

2) tell about your job-related skills and experience

实例：

Dear Mr. Wayne，

Thank you very much for taking the time from your busy schedule last Friday to interview me for the marketing analyst position at Apfel Incorporated. After our meeting, I am convinced that your company is an excellent place for my career.

I am extremely excited about the position and believe that my skills are a good match for the company. As you may remember, I completed a project that is similar in nature to the work I

would be doing at your company. I believe that I could make an immediate contribution to Apfel Incorporated.

Please let me know if I can provide you with any additional information about my background or goals. My email address is LiMing@yahoo.com, and my phone number is 12345678. I look forward to hearing from you soon.

Sincerely,

Li Ming

Guy de Maupassant（18501893）， one of the greatest critical realist writers in the world, is considered as one of three kings of world short story。 Maupassant created six novels and 359 medium forms during his brief lifetime, engendering a momentous effect on the later literature. And it’s his maiden work, Suet Ball that won him world-wide prestige.

In1870, with the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War, the real-based story Suet Ball happened. The heroine of the story is a humble harlot called Suet Ball. With a group of French residents of Rouen, recently occupied by the Prussian army, the 11 travelers are on their way fleeing to Le Havre in a stagecoach. In virtue of the appalling weather, the stagecoach moves rather slowly and has just covered a few miles by midday. Initially, those occupants snub Suet Ball whereas their attitudes alters with the emergence of a basket filled with scrumptious food and she caters for those hungry travelers selflessly.

The carriage doesn’t stop until they blunders into a Prussian-held territory called T?tes. A Prussian officer detains the coach with no definite reasons. In the next two days, the occupants wait with barely concealed impatience and eventually Suet Ball tells that they will be detained perpetually unless she approves of sleeping with the officer. Out of her patriotism, Suet Ball gives him a point-blank refusal. As it should be, those travelers behave furiously to the officer"s arrogance while during the next two days, they exemplify logic and morality in diverse ways to convince Suet Ball of its validity. What a kind-hearted girl! Finally Suet Ball gives up and sacrifices her body for everyone’s freedom.

The next morning, they are permitted to leave. But those "representatives of Virtue" totally neglect Suet Ball, casting scathing sights on the poor young woman while even disdaining talking to her and rejecting sharing their food with her in the same way that she did at the beginning. From their perspectives, Suet Ball turns out to be no more utilizable and should be condemned for her ashamed conduct. As the stagecoach travels deeper into the night, she seethes with rage against those hypocrites, and ultimately weeps for her lost dignity.

In this story, Maupassant highlighted the intense comparison between Suet Ball and the so-called nobles. Rapacity, hypocrisy, sexuality and nobility intertwine in the spotlight，eulogizing the underclass’ patriotism and lampooning the sham of the aristocracy. Maupassant portrays the inhabitants of the stagecoach in varied disparaging ways. The most luminous character belongs to the two nuns. At first they are portrayed as tranquil and subservient to Lord and demonstrate their fiery patriotic desire to dedicate to their motherland rather than a sordid intention like the other passengers: the nuns profess to haste to a military hospital to heal the wounded French soldiers, hence presenting the argument towards instigating Suet Ball to abandon her resistance. How absurd it is! Nuns are supposed to take strait vows and treat others benevolently. They fill Suet Ball"s head with arguments, arguing that it is not morally wrong to sleep with the officer in order to let the travelers leave, and that the longer she waits, the more young French soldiers will die as the nuns are not there to look after them. Superficially, they claim that it is for the good of the country but indeed they’re just taking advantage of her. Suet Ball"s resistance to the officer"s sexual advances again indicate her patriotism. Cruel wars have stripped all the external stuffs. In contrast to all of these is Suet Ball, a prostitute, revealed to be the most fiercely patriotic, virtuous, and morally admirable character, which Maupassant contrasts with the hypocrisy and snobbery of the others.

It is arguably Maupassant’s most famous short story. The carriage constitutes a microcosm of French society as a whole. And the narrative techniques of this story are rather sophisticated and carefully conceived. On balance, a real noble person like Suet Ball can’t be judged by the appearance or the occupation, his/ her moral quality will glitter when confronting the real ordeal. Consequently, I deem that Suet Ball is worth reading lingeringly, savoring every word.

1. 不用说……

It goes without saying that …

= (It is) needless to say (that) ….

= It is obvious that ….

例：It goes without saying that it pays off to keep early hours.

不用说早睡早起是值得的。

2. 在各种……之中，……

Among various kinds of …, … /= Of all the …, …

例︰Among various kinds of sports, I like jogging in particular.

在各种运动中我尤其喜欢慢跑。

3. 就我的看法……;我认为……

In my opinion, …

= To my mind, ….

= As far as I am concerned, …

= I am of the opinion that ….

例：In my opinion, playing video games not only takes much time but is also harmful to health.

在我看来，玩电脑游戏既花费时间也有害健康。

4. 随着人口的增加…… With the increase/growth of the population, …

随着科技的进步…… With the advance of science and technology, …

例：With the rapid development of Taiwan’s economy, a lot of social problems have come to pass.

随着台湾经济的快速发展许多社会问题产生了。

5. ……是必要的 It is necessary (for sb.) to do/that …

…… 是重要的 It is important/essential (for sb.) to do / that …

…… 是适当的 It is proper (for sb.) to do / that …

……是紧急的 It is urgent (for sb.) to do / that …

例：It is proper for us to keep the public places clean.

=It is proper that we (should) keep the public places clean.

我们应当保持公共场所清洁。

6. 花费 spend … on sth. / doing sth. …

例：We shouldn’t spend too much time on something we aren’t interested in.

我们不应该在我们不感兴趣的事情上花太多的时间。

7. how 引导的感叹句

例：At least it will prove how honest you are.

那至少可以证明你很诚实。

8. 状语从句

⑴ 如果你不…，你就会… If you don’t ..., you’ll ...

例︰If you don’t keep working hard, you’ll lose the chance.

如果你不坚持努力工作，你就会失去这次机会。

⑵ 如此 ……，以至于…… so … that …

例：At that moment, I was so upset that I wanted to give up.

当时，我非常伤心，最后都想放弃了。

⑶ 每当我听到……我就忍不住感到兴奋。Whenever I hear …, I cannot but feel excited.

每当我做……我就忍不住感到悲伤。 Whenever I do …, I cannot but feel sad.

每当我想到……我就忍不住感到紧张。Whenever I think of …, I cannot but feel nervous.

每当我遭遇……我就忍不住感到害怕。Whenever I meet with …, I cannot but feel frightened.

每当我看到……我就忍不住感到惊讶。Whenever I see …, I cannot but feel surprised.

例：Whenever I think of the clean brook near my home, I cannot but feel sad.

= Every time I think of the clean brook near my home, I cannot help feeling sad.

每当我想到我家附近那一.��清澈的小溪我就忍不住感到悲伤。

9. 宾语从句

我认为，…… / 我认为……不...... I think / I don’t think that …

我想知道是否…… I wonder whether …

例：He doesn’t think I should stop him joining the club.

他认为我不应该阻止他参加这个俱乐部。

10. Since + S + 过去式, S + 现在完成式.

例：Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.

自从他上高中，他就一直很用功。

首先要知道新闻稿的格式。新闻稿件有好几种格式，每种格式应用场合不同。在这里简要说一下常用的格式。即标题——导语(可省略)——正文。

标题是新闻很重要的一个方面，因为人们看新闻一般都是先看标题的，好的标题最能吸引读者的目光。标题一般要起概括全文的作用，下面所写的内容都是围绕着标题展开的。通常我们写标题可以采用下面的方法，即采用活动的标题(一般活动都会用横幅写明活动内容的)来做新闻稿的标题。或者在活动标题的基础上适当修改一下就成了新闻标题。

导语是写一个新闻事件中最有新闻价值的部分(新闻价值通俗来讲就是新闻中那些最突出，最新奇，最能吸引受众的部分)，导语可有可无，一般我们写网站的稿件时可以不写，写好标题就好了。

其次，在报道主体中按照事件各个要素的重要程度，依次递减写下来，最后面的是最不重要的。同时注意，一个段落只写一个事件要素，不能一段到底。因为这种格式不是符合事件发展的基本时间顺序，所以在写作时要尽量从观众的角度出发来构思，按观众对事件重要程度的认识来安排事件要素。

下面给大家提供一个新闻稿模板，是我写新闻一贯的格式，可能跟正规的新闻格式不同，大家自己注意取舍吧。

新闻标题(对内为我校举行(召开、举办)+ 活动的主题;对外九十六中举行(召开、举办)+ 活动的主题)

引文：一般是引出新闻的一个铺垫，可以简要说一下。如要写一个关于学校召开运动会的，就可以先写强学生身健体的重要，从而引出运动会。可以不写引文，但写了会更好。

正文：新闻的中心部分，一定要写，而且尽量要写得生动一些。结构一般呈“倒金字塔型”，即先陈述事件结果，点明重点，后逐渐展开陈述。陈述的内容包括事件的时间、地点、人物、事件——这里活动的主要目的要详细说明，最好放在正文开头或者结尾。比如写一个开学典礼，可以这样写：某年某月，在何地、举行了开学典礼，参加的主要人物是哪些，此次开学典礼的主要目的等。

结尾：可有可无，最好写一下，主要是写新闻事件的意义。比如写召开运动会，结尾可以简要说明一下召开运动会的意义所在。

自媒体时代，人人都有一片自己的文字江湖。但其实对于大多数业余作者来讲，写作毕竟是一门技术，如果你没有很好的天赋，又想迅速写成一手好文章，那几乎是不可能的。不过，天下无难事，只怕有心人。写作并不是作家的专利，只要你肯用心努力的学习，并勤于练习写作，假以时日，也能写出一手漂亮的好文章。这是小编准备的写作入门的5个方法，快来看看吧。

对于新手和业余写作者而言，现在市面上关于写作技巧和写作方法的书籍如汗牛充栋，不胜枚举，令人眼花缭乱，不知从何读起。许多人也听过一些写作课，但都是当时兴奋过后啥都忘记了。

其实，真正的能让你提高写作水平的方法，一定是最简单、最普通，但却又最有效的。正所谓，大道至简。以我多年的写作经验来看，想提高写作水平并不难，只需先掌握以下5个入门的方法，这样你的写作之路就会越走越宽了。

一、想再多也没用，每天都要写

写作，写作，归根结底在于一个“写”字。想要提高写作水平，没有太多的窍门，首要一个就是“写”字。著名作家叶兆言说过一句很牛逼的话：“才华不重要，重要的是能不能熬到一百万字”。由此可见，写作水平的提高不在乎你是否有才华，而在于你是否坚持每天都写，你写得多了，真要能写到100万字，你的文字功底自然就提高了。写作和其他的学问的道理是一样的，用一个成语表达叫做：熟能生巧。

关于这一点，我再次强调，特别是初学者，要想快速提高自己的写作能力，勤于练笔是唯一的途径。比如说，每天坚持写500字（不论题材，不论类型，哪怕是日记也行），只要你能坚持一个月，你就会发现，至少你觉得写作不是那么痛苦的事情了，再坚持几个月，你会发现，写起文章来越来越顺了，再坚持几个月，你会发现，可以写的东西越来越多了……不信，你试试？只要是写，全情投入的写，写得越多，你的写作水平就提升得越快。

二、随便写，从“微写作”开始

有些人可能会说：我知道要写，可我不知道写什么呀？好了，当你面对整张的白纸、整版的白屏，无从下手的时候，肯定会各种各样的思绪袭来。你会想：我还是看看微信吧？我还是上上QQ吧，我还是去读一会书吧，或者我还是小睡一会吧……记住，千万别这样！马上开始写，马上打字，你写什么没有关系，只是让我听到你敲键盘的声音吧。只要你开始写了，什么都好办了。比如说，你可以先敲上文章的标题和自己的名字，这应该不难吧？然后再慢慢的展开情节，全身心地融入进去……

其实呢，写作跟画画是有些相似的地方，很多画家一开始也是在一张白纸上随便涂鸦，就像小时候读过的课本说的那样，达芬奇是从画鸡蛋开始的。如果你每天苦于不知道写什么的情况，就从最简单的“微写作”开始。

什么是“微写作”？大家都发过微信或者微博吧？一篇短微博的字数限制是140字以内，相信这么少的字数，是人都会写了。微写作就是基于微博或微信的基础，鼓励大家随意地写作，想写什么就写什么，这些断章片句，不需要什么主题、立意和构思，完全就是任意地发挥。但往往，你就这样写着写着的时候，灵感就会慢慢地涌现出来的。比如，我的微信和QQ说说，现在都经常会发一条叫《流光碎语》的信息，目前已经坚持写了130条，这就是我的“微写作”，用来练笔时写的，而且因为里面经常会迸出一些“金句”，所以读者点赞和转发的次数不少。所以，这个即解决了有些人没时间的问题，又解决有些人不知道写什么的问题，是非常好的提高写作水平的方法。

三、随时随地记录下灵感

传统的写作，老师都会教你们随身带一本小笔记本（或者身上装一些小卡片），不过那都OUT了，现在最方便的工具就是手机。手机里面都有记事本，或者你可以下载一些专业的工具，如印象笔记。当你对你构思的文章有什么灵感的时候，马上记下来；当你听别人谈话时的只言片语而所有顿悟时，马上记下来；当你看到一段散文或是一句歌词让你很感动时，马上记下来……灵感总是转瞬即逝，你及时的记录下来，便可以成为你写作的素材。

关于这一点，我曾写过一篇专门的文章《写作的锦囊》。这篇文章大致的意思是，古往今来，许多大诗人大作家都有这种随时随地记笔记、搜集素材的习惯，这种习惯的养成，对写作大有禆益。正所谓“巧妇难为无米之炊”，有了这些“百宝囊”，你还愁没有素材可以写吗？我从中学起就有这样的习惯，现在记录素材的笔记本也有十几本了，这些都为我日后的写作提供了非常大的支持。

四、设置专门的写作时间

写作要想高效产出，每天必须找一个特定的时间段作为专门的写作时间，并让这成为习惯。很多人都是业余写作，除去工作8小时之外，还是有很多时间可以自由支配的，比如说清晨的时间、午休的时间、傍晚回到家后，或者深夜的那段时间也可以。无论你是做什么工作的，把写作当作每天必须完成的任务去做。每天至少写1个小时，当然有2个小时更好。只要你能坚持下去，日积月累的话，这种力量是相当惊人的。

当然了，关于写作时间呢，每个人的习惯不一样。我以前锻炼记忆力的时候，是喜欢早睡早起的，但是对于写作，我目前还是习惯晚上11点之后，夜深人静的时候，写得比较多。早上的时间呢，拿来看新闻、搜集素材等事情。当然，很多前辈的经验是说早晨的时间最佳，起床后就开始写，连洗脸刷牙都不用。比如说，我就听到群里有同学坚持每天早上4点半起床，4点半到6点半这两个小时的时间拿来写作。因为这两个小时四周非常的安静，没有任何的打扰，也不用照顾上有老下有小之类，全心属于自己的时间。起如果能坚持下去，我认为这也是非常值得鼓励的。为什么是4点半呢？建议你有空看看《哈佛凌晨四点半》这本书，就会豁然开朗了。

五、专心致志、切断所有干扰源

写作是一件一心一意的事情，在嘈杂的环境或是同时干着别的事情，是不可能写好的。写作需要一个安静的环境，需要一点点柔和的背景音乐。关掉邮箱，关点微信和QQ，关掉电话和手机，关掉电视，清理掉书桌上无用的东西。清除与写作无关的一切杂念，切断所有的干扰源，现在就是写作的时间，好像把自己放进一个盒子里，在没有任何打扰下进入写作状态。

写作说到底是一项脑力劳动。因此，对于集中力和注意力的要求较高，只有“心无旁骛、专心致志”地进行创作，才有可能写出满意的作品来。这里前面也讲过，当今时代最大的干扰一个是手机，一个是网络，所以，当你用电脑在写作的时候，最好关闭手机，拔掉网线。写作，一定需要安静、心静，这样才能逼着自己去写东西，这样才能发挥出最佳的写作状态来。

[写作入门的5个方法

怎样才能写好初中语文的作文呢?下面是小编网络整理的初中语文作文的写作方法以供大家学习。

初中语文作文的写作方法(一)

立意就是确定文章的主题。主题是文章要集中表达的思想和观点，是文章的灵魂和统帅，也是作者写作意图的集体现。因此，要写好文章，必须要确定好主题。只有 确定了主题，才能围绕要表达的主题去选择和组织材料，也才能根据表达主题的需要去安排结构，遣词造句。立意要做到正确、集中、深刻、新颖。

一篇文章只能有一个主题，不能多中心、分散、杂乱。对于学生来说，除了要考虑以上因素外，还应注意下面两点：

(1)要确定主观上有见解的主题。学生的生活经历、知识范围和思想认识水平都还有限。如果所确定的主题自己还说不清楚，把握不好，就不可能写得深刻。

(2)要考虑时间的因素。确定在限定的时间、篇幅内能充分展开论述或表现的主题。学生作文有时间上的限制，字数也不可能太多。因此，选择的主题不能过大。如果太大，在一定的时间、篇幅内难以展开，文章就会写得空洞、抽象。

文章的主题确定之后，要从全文的各个方面来加以表现。在文中可以用一句话或一个段落来加以说明，也可以用格言、警句之类的话来表现中心思想。

只有围绕着主题来写，写起作文来才能得心应手，才能写出好作文。

初中语文作文的写作方法(二)

看图作文，在原先看来是小学生才做的事情，但近几年来，高考、中考也多次出现看图作文题。怎样才能写好一篇看图作文呢?

盯住画面细观察。看画面上是人物、景物还是动物，是单幅还是多幅。不仅要把握图的全貌，而且要观察到每个部分的每一细节。审准题目，确定写什么和由哪入手。

认真分析抓重点。根据观察的结果，深入分析、判断，确定文章的中心和重点。进一步考虑哪些地方详写，哪些地方略写或不写。

展开想象巧构思。在观察分析的基础上，紧扣画面，充分利用自己生活、学习中的积累和体验，展开想象。把画面上的人、景、物的关系与人物的语言、行动、心理以及故事的前因后果构想出来。再通过具体、细致、生动的叙述和描写，把自己意图充分表达清楚。

完成初稿再回顾。初稿完成后，在时间许可的情况下，认真回过头来，把图和文结合起来看一看：一看对画面的观察、分析有无遗漏或失误;二看对人、景、物关系的判断和联系是否合理;三看重点是否突出，详略是否得当;四看叙述和描写是否恰如其分。在“四看”的基础上，进一步修改或增删。当然，也可根据自己的平时做法和考试时间，边看边改。

有关初中语文学习方法推荐：

(一)寻找最适合自己的成功路径

我曾试图总结出语文学习过程中的一些所谓的规律来，但常常失望。因为我渐渐感觉到，每个人都是一个不同的个体，即便面对相同的事物、实现相同的目标、经历同样的过程，他的感受和体验也往往与别人有所区别。

正因如此，我不得不说，别人身上成功的学习方法未必能成为你成功的学习方法，你可以参考，但未必可以拿来直接应用。

(二)刨根问底得益多

语文学习，首先要做到上课专注和认真，抓住每一分每一秒，记下知识要点和重点内容。最关键的是，不懂时，就要善于“问”，而且要刨根问底，追根溯源。

例如，在《桃花源记》的预习中，我对“渔人甚异之”中“异”的解释产生了疑问，我问班中一个优秀的同学，她说这个字解释为“感到奇怪”;上课时，老师说这个字解释为“以……为异，认为……是奇怪的”。我觉得这两种解释都有合理处，但也有“不同”，我问老师，老师说这个词是意动用法，翻译整个句子时可以用那个同学的解释，但单字解释时则需要用老师的解释。我还是有些疑问，于是下课又追到老师办公室问“意动用法”的内容。由于是“一对一”的传授，老师较为详尽地给我介绍了意动用法的原理、解释的技巧、如何翻译等问题，我“豁然开朗”，对这个内容有了深入的了解。

刨根问底的想法使我获益良多，这种方式使我对语文学习保持着充足的动力，让我觉得追究也是一种快乐的体验。

(三)温故而知新

温故而知新，课后的复习，我认为是十分重要的。记得刚接触文言文时，我只是上课时“听过算过”，课后很少去主动复习。结果，文言文的成绩总不理想。经过几次“教训”后，我才意识到了是自己课后缺少复习。方法改变后，文言文成绩果然有了显著的提高。又如，我认为，现代文阅读题目不必做太多，对于那些命题优秀、答题思路特别讲究、考点全面的题目，做过了还要经常拿出来看看，品思路，悟答法，会带给我们更多的收益。

作文也要温故知新。其方式和益处表现在这样几个方面：相同的题材可以多写几次，相同的结构可以多用几次，相同的语言表达也可以多练几次。相同的题材多写几次，可以使你对这个题材的各个方面有充分的把握，可以使你对这个题材的内涵有深刻的理解，甚至不断滋生出许多新意来。相同的结构多用几次，可以使你对这样的结构有更深刻的体悟，可以对这个结构的多种变化都有较多的理解，从而可以在运用的时候选择良多，得心应手。相同的语言表达多练几次，会增加你对文字的“感情”，使你觉得某些精彩的表达很亲切，很贴近自己的心灵，而且，即便是从“最简单”的收益来说，这样做会提高我们炼字炼句的本领，提高自己的文字素养。

1、 自我介绍和你是如何得知该职位的招聘信息的。

在个人自我介绍部分，可以用一句话简单介绍一下你自己。只要把最重要、也是与未来雇主最有关的信息写清楚就可以了。

例如：“我是**大学大四的学生，五月毕业，专业是**。”

在信息来源部分，说明你对公司有兴趣并想担任他们空缺的职位。可以通过暗示你与公司雇员的亲属关系来表达你对公司的兴趣。如果你由一位朋友或着同事介绍给公司，就在信中提起他们；因为招聘经理会感到有责任回复你的信。

例如：很高兴地得知贵公司目前在招聘**。一个贵公司的资深客户推荐我应聘此职位。

2、 自我推荐

简短地叙述自己的才能，特别是这些才能将满足公司的需要。不要在信中表示你会因聘用而收益多少，面对桌上一大堆履历表和许多空缺职位，招聘经理关心的不会是你的个人的成就。 陈述你所特有的将据之以为公司作出贡献的教育、技能和个性特征。提供内附资料的证人但不要写详情"请参阅简历"的字样.该求职信应促使他们想进一步阅读你的简历。

例如：我在*公司任*职的*个月期间，曾几次因工作中的主动性与创造性而受到嘉奖。

3、 致谢及进一步行动的要求

结尾部分不仅仅只是对你的雇主花时间读你的信表示感谢，信的结尾要表明你的下一步计划。不要让招聘者来决定，要自己采取行动。告诉招聘者怎样才能与你联络，打电话或者发email，但不要坐等电话。要表明如果几天内等不到他们的电话，你会自己打电话确认招聘者已收到履历表和自荐信并安排面试。语气肯定但要礼貌。

例如：我将在*周内与贵办公处联系，以便安排时间与贵方讨论我的资历及贵公司的要求。

With the rapid development of the society,people can live a better life in general.So because of the improvement of people’ s living standard,more and more people own cars.Traffic jam comes to life.While people in order to be punctual,they often ignore the cars crossing on the road.This behavior will easily bring traffic accidens.On the other hand,the car owner also want to be on time and then regardlss the traffic rules,which is also easy to have traffic accidents.Both the driver and people themseves’ behaviour leads to accidents.Those accidents may take people’s lives away.It’s so terrible.Therefore,for the sake of life,the driver and the pedestrian should obey the traffic regulation as we have only one life.

This book is about the story--Bell Pavilion four (1) class of students, they adopted a variety of small animals in a zoo. Is a Taoist adoption "transfixed" OWL full of thoughts. Once camp, he discovered an OWL alive, came up with a daring idea-flying owls. He conspired with friends "rescue plan." They have overcome numerous difficulties, finally put the owls released into nature. These students pay particular care to animals, but I decided to let the animals return to nature. I want to learn their caring, protecting the environment, excellent qualities for nature lovers.

The book Wuthering Heights told us a story about love and revenge: the abandoned boy Heathdiff was adopted by Mr Eamshaw and lived with Mr Earnshaw’s son Hindley and daughter Cathiner. Hindley disliked Heathdiff. He insulted and maltreated Heathdiff in every possible way after Mr Earnshaw’s death. At the same time, peculiar emotion occurred between Cathiners and Heathdiff. Because of vanity and ignorance, Cathiner decided to mary Linton. Heathdiff left with anger. Three years later, Heathdiff returned to revenge. He succeeded in annexing all the property of Hindley’s and the Linton’s. However, Cathiner’s ghost pestered him all the time, and he died in mental disorder.

To understand Wuthering Heights, you must know the auther Amily well. She had been abnormal in inentality ever since her childhood. Her sister Charlotte had once said that Amily was even ber than a man in character, and more simple than a child. He name Heathdiff was compounded by the words Heath and Cliff, itself gave the readers a feeling of unfeelingness, which well annotated Amily’s abnormal mentality.

Abnormal mentality did good for inducing and enriching the imagination of the auther in some way. Sometimes, Amily’s imagination was beyond human nature but urueasenable. That was why she could with the thrilling scene in Mr lockwood’s dream, the behainour of Cathiner when she fell ill, and the words full of b enthusiasm but unimaginable like. They were locked in an embrace from which I thought my mistress would never be released alive.

Amily’s abnormal quality decided the thinking way during her creating, but her work was far from abnormal. Withering Heights is a healthy and harmonious work.Love-hetred-Ievenge-the Ievival of huanan natme,that is the clue of the story Cathiner and Heathdiff weIe a coupla of Iebels against the trandition The tragedy happened all because Cathiner didit Iesist thoughout and betraged Heathcliff at the key moment she ruined herself,Heathdiff and nearty the next generation The author portraged Cathiner Ivth a complicated mood she sympathized with her while being angry with her and she feet Sony for her while spurring to her.

The most vivid character in the story was Iepresented by Hindley and he could bear he was tormented by love Catheter’s contempt and Laughing at him that was what he couldn’t bear That the heavy pies sure split his soul explained his cruel and crazyIeuenge.The writing of the novel gave preference to mysterious phenomenon and horrible atmosphere One of the most important fealties was the complexity of the narration structure It broke away from conventions and began from the middle This method of narration was for more attractive.

Among all the characters like the housekeeper Allen most She was never afraid of them she always said and did what she wanted to The most important point is that she was kind hearted and justice.A good book is worthy leading for many tines Withering Heights is not easy to understand but once you understand it you wild wander at the talent of the author.

"Its like a flower.". If you fall in love with a flower growing on a star, then at night you look at the sky and feel sweet and happy, and all the stars seem to be in bloom."

When I first read "Little Prince", I was attracted by his fresh writing style and pure world at high school. Now six years later, read the "Little Prince", can not help but again and again to tears, and palpitation for Princes mind be sad, moved by his pure and persistent love, for his innocence and mourning gradually to disappear. As the author of St. Erik Marcus Paley said in the preface, he put the fairy tale "to Leon? Wirth, when he was a boy"

This is an adult fairy tale, which belongs to the once innocence adults fairy tale, the children can not understand the little prince biting sadness and heavy. They should not be aware of this too early. They should enjoy a good time in a sunny world. It is not so much a fairy tale, but a tragedy. The hero in the fairy tale always looks like snow white or Cinderella, and lives happily. The little prince was sad to see that in the meaning of love after death in the desert.

The plot of the novel is very simple, mainly from the "I" point of view about the princes journey. For a beautiful and fragile rose, the little prince left has been a quiet life of the B-612 small swimming star, he has traveled six planet in the planet, he encountered some he felt very unreasonable than adults, proud as Lucifer king, mad about money merchants, pedantic lamplighter...... So he continued to sigh, "adults world is really strange."." Here the author of the little prince childs eyes, see these peoples empty, blind and foolish, as a adult lonely, no one can follow the situation.

At last he came to earth. Here he met a fox, the fox to he solved that one fragile little rose brought him to love the doubts, make him understand, love means responsibility, compassion means, with love (generalized love) in the life all have meaning. The fox told him: "for you to tame things, you always have the responsibility. Do your duty to your rose." "If you make me tame, my life will be full of sunshine, cheerful. Im going to hear a different kind of footsteps....... You have blond hair, so once you make me tame, it will become the golden wheat will be too wonderful for words! Reminds me of you. I will love the wind through the wheat......" Love makes man understand sorrow and sorrow, and at the same time makes man free from loneliness and make life full of spice and meaning. Just as the little prince said to me, "its like a flower.". If you fall in love with a flower growing on a star, then at night you look at the sky and feel sweet and happy, and all the stars seem to be in bloom." So the author knew that it was no big deal for a sheep to eat a flower in the world, but for the little prince, it was like all the stars were extinguished in an instant."

Finally, the little prince left his planet in 1st anniversary on the occasion, let the poisonous snake him, so he can get rid of the weight of the body, back to the B-612 small swimming star back to his pride and fragile rose side. The little prince was gone, like a little match girl, flying to the world where his grandmother was without cold and hunger, and he ran to his eternal love. The world was left with only the golden wheat fields and the insignificant roses of a garden. And we cry in vain. And we like to be tame fox, to miss the little prince in the golden hair. Because the little prince, I believe that the desert indeed hiding wells, because the little prince he heard voices in the wind in the desert, and drink that beautiful spring.

一、审题的“精确性”

在上篇中，笔者已经介绍了部分考题中的“绝对性”的应对措施，而根据专家对于过去2年独立写作考题的分析，发现有90%以上的题目属于“支持/反对”型：

2011.01.30

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

Because the change of the society is so rapidly, people are less happy or less satisfied with their life than people did in the past time.

而剩下的则是由“对比论述型”构成的：

2011.03.13

Some people think children should spend most of their time in studying and playing while others think they should help their parents with the household chores. What’s your opinion?

在审题时，考生必须首先把题目通读1-3遍，彻底把握题目主旨后，方可进行段落布局。在这里，笔者结合自己的经验给考生们一些建议：首先，判断题目是否包含“绝对”含义的词，若有，则按照上篇讲过的建议布局，若没有，则对于同意或者反对的理由进行快速的brain storming, 然后根据分论点的数量及论点的可延展性来敲定立场：

Some people think that human needs for farmland, housing, and industry are more important than saving land for endangered animals. Do you agree or disagree with this point of view? Why or why not? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

Disagree:

1) Endangered animals are valuable because of their limited quantities

2) Environment balance

3) Endangered animals sometimes stand for the country, so they are more valuable than farmlands

Agree:

1) life quality is the top priority

2) endangered animals can be raised in the zoos

经过一番考量，假如考生得出了上述的一些分论点及想法，这时候，主体段的布局基本就可以敲定大方向了。第一种就是完全反对题目的说法，采用五段式结构布局，每个主体段论证上述三个分论点中的一个;第二种也是反对题目的说法，采用五段式结构布局，但是前2个主体段从三个分论点中选二个去论证，而第三个主体段从“同意”的二个分论点里去选一个，最后的结论还是倾向于反对的。第三种是采用四段式结构布局，即第一个主体段从三个反对意见中选择二到三个分论点去写，而第二个主体段则从赞同的分论点里去选择，数量上比前一段少一个即可，最后结论还是倾向于反对多一点。这样说是不是有些同学看了会有点“晕”呢?那下面笔者就再举个简单点的例子吧：

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Television, newspapers, magazines, and other media pay too much attention to the personal lives of famous people such as public figures and celebrities. Use specific reasons and details to explain your opinion.

Disagree:

1) Most people are common, so they want to know something about famous ones

2) Famous people stand for some fashion

3) Constrain the public figures

4) Celebrities can improve the national cohesion and unity

又经过了几分钟思考，我们得出了上述的四个分论点，但是一时半会赞同的理由实在是想不出。若考试的时候遇到这种情况，千万别犹豫不决，马上从已经想好的观点里面进行挑选。于是，这个题目我们就采用完全反对的立场，以五段式结构布局全文，主体段的分论点从上述四点中挑选三个展开论述即可。这样一来，大家是不是明白一点了呢?

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents or other adult relatives should make important decisions for their older (15 to 18 year-old) teenage children. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.

Agree: Parents make decision for children.

1) Parents have more experience

2) 15-18 years old children are not adults, so they cant take responsibility

还有一种情况就是我们只能想出两个分论点，这时候考生应该果断采用四段式布局，而这一次，两个主体段都分别论述一个同意的理由，而在结尾时，可以顺便提一些反对的理由，这样也不失为一种灵活的方法，希望考生们可以借鉴。

二、分论点的排列原则

专家提醒考生们，在布局的时候我们不是随意编排分论点的先后顺序，而是需要有一定的逻辑性和合理性。一般说来，五段式的三个主体段，若都是同意或者都是反对的理由的话，一般这些分论点有两种逻辑顺序，即第一种按照“重要性”来排，将你认为最主要的理由放在第一个主体段中详细论证;第二种是按照“小到大”的原则，即个人方面的理由先写，然后再是家庭，公司，最后再是社会，国家等。倘若所有的论点都是在一个范围内的，比如都是属于个人的论点，则这个时候要看这些分论点后续的论证内容的多少，比如某一个分论点你既举得出例子，又可以进行对比或者因果论述的话那肯定应该先写这个分论点，若某一个分论点后续能够阐述的理由只有一句话的时候那就应该果断地将其排在后面写。若文章是四段式的结构，则在一个主体段中的排列顺序和前面讲的原则是一致的。