大学英语写作基础答案（精彩20篇）

对于作文这一部分来说，大家应该首先了解不同文章的特点和规律，下面是小编整理的2017考研英语高分作文写作方法，欢迎阅读。

一、了解意图，抓住精髓

近年来的大作文非常玄妙，值得细品。首先，很可能大作文正在经历由时事向哲理过渡的重大变革，这在2001年、2002年、2004年、2007年、2009和2010年真题上表现得最为明显。其次，出题人将尽量用图画来表达意图，而不借助或少借助图中或图旁的文字，这样意义表达的会更深刻，对考生的思考力和判断力的要求也就更高。第三，图画的含义深刻，可以接受的解释也较多，但要想取得高分，必须紧扣图画，把握住其中的精髓，最深刻地表达其核心的意义。

二、扣紧主题

写大作文时切记要扣紧主题，切不可离题太远，导致最后回不来或时间不够写不完。另外，各部分之间的比例应适当，第一段不要太长。与主题相关的关键词语一定要用对，否则会影响分数。

三、看清要求

有的同学一看到写“网络”，就立即联想到这方面最火爆的话题“网络成瘾”，将主题确定为此。有的同学干脆将之转变为自己看到过的文章——“网络的利与弊”。这些都是不正确的做法。写大作文时，首先要减少语言的错误，提高语言的准确性。语言错误有许多种，有的是小错误，甚至可以忽略不计，而有些是大错误，是让老师看到后不得不扣分的错误。另一方面就是增加闪光点，除了结构清晰外，闪光点主要指好的词、词组或句型，一是使用恰当，二是要有变换。上述这两点都不容易，而结合起来就更难了。如果文章分为三段，那么起始段、结尾段和中间段落的开始部分是非常关键的。对于背诵的好词、词组和句型，一定要和具体的行文联系起来，融入到文章中去，不仅要用对，还要用好，避免给人突兀的感觉。

四、避免投机取巧

近年来，有些考生有投机的心理，结果却很惨烈。有的考生准备了万能模板，直接往上套，这样的效果并不好。正如有的较为激进的阅卷老师所说，这些考生是想通过不诚实的手段得到不属于他的东西，这样的人应该得到惩罚。实际上这些考生中有的水平还不错，如果坚持依靠自己，咬紧牙关奋力拼搏的话，结果会是不错的。

综上所述，对于作文这一部分来说，大家应该首先了解不同文章的特点和规律，而后用心地学习范文并进行模仿，然后练习全文写作并请老师批改再细细揣摩。相信通过这样的过程，大家的写作一定会有长足的进步。

英语写作中积累很重要。下面是语文迷网为大家整理的英语四级作文精彩句式，希望对你有帮助。

一.开头句型

1.Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.

2.Recently the problem has been brought into focus.

3. Nowadays there is a growing concern over ... .

4. What calls for special attention is that...

5. There’s no denying the fact that...

6. what’s far more important is that...

7.It is common knowledge that honesty is the best policy.

8.It is well-known that…

9.Many nations have been faced with the problem of ...

10.According to a recent survey, ...

11. With the rapid development of ..., ...

二.结尾句型

1.From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ...

2.In conclusion, it is imperative that ...

3.In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up. 4.With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.

5.Taking all these into account, we ...

6. Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear...

7.All things considered, ...

8.It may be safely said that...

9.Therefore, in my opinion, it’s more advisable...

10. It can be concluded from the discussion that...

11. From my point of view, it would be better if...

三.表原因句型

1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation.

A number of factors might contribute to (lead to )(account for ) the phenomenon(problem).

2. The answer to this problem involves many factors.

3. The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that...

4. The factors that contribute to this situation include...

5. The change in ...largely results from the fact that...

6. Part of the explanations for it is that ...

7. One of the most common factors (causes ) is that ...

8. Another contributing factor (cause ) is ...

9. Perhaps the primary factor is that ...

10. But the fundamental cause is that ...

四.表比较句型

1.The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.

2.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.

3.A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that...

5.For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages.

6.Like anything else, it has its faults.

7.A and B has several points in common.

8.However, the same is not applicable to B.

9. A and B differ in several ways.

10. Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects.

五.表证明句型

1. No one can deny the fact that ...

2. The idea is hardly supported by facts.

3. Unfortunately, none of the available data shows ...

4. Recent studies indicate that ...

5. There is sufficient evidence to show that ...

6. According to statistics proved by ..., it can be seen that ...

六.表结果句型

1. It may give rise to a host of problems.

2. The immediate result it produces is ...

3. It will exercise a profound influence upon...

4. Its consequence can be so great that...

七.表反驳句型

1. It is true that ..., but one vital point is being left out.

2. There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.

3. Many of us have been under the illusion that...

4. It makes no sense to argue for ...

5. Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that ...

6. Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that ...

导语：冰冻三尺，非一日之寒，练习英语写作也是一样，三天打鱼两天晒网是不行的，必须得持之以恒的练习，才会有进步。下面是yuwenmi小编为还在备考的同学整理的优秀英语素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

1. According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.

依照最近的一项调查，每年有4，000，000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。

2. The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.

最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。

3. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.

没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。

4. People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.

人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。

5. An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.

越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。

6. When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.

说到教育，大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。

7. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a persons physical fitness.

许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。

8. Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful

effects of international tourism.

应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量，努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响。

9. An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution.

越来越多的专家相信移民对城市的建设起到积极作用。然而，越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法，他们抱怨民工给城市带来了许多严重的问题，像犯罪和卖淫。

10. Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus, which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers.

许多市民抱怨城市的公交车太少，以至于他们要花很长时间等一辆公交车，而车上可能已满载乘客。

11. There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.

无可否认，空气污染是一个极其严重的问题：城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。

12. An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement.

一项调查显示妇女欢迎退休。

13. A proper part-time job does not occupy students too much time. In fact, it is unhealthy for them to spend all of time on their study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

一份适当的业余工作并不会占用学生太多的时间，事实上，把全部的时间都用到学习上并不健康，正如那句老话：只工作，不玩耍，聪明的孩子会变傻。

14. Any government, which is blind to this point, may pay a heavy price.

任何政府忽视这一点都将付出巨大的代价。

15.Nowadays, many students always go into raptures at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin. Unfortunately, for most young people, it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus.

当前，一提到即将开始的学校生活，许多学生都会兴高采烈。然而，对多数年轻人来说，校园刚开始的日子并不是什么愉快的经历。

16. In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get worse.

考虑到问题的严重性，在事态进一步恶化之前，必须采取有效的措施。

17. The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.

大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力，而这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的。

18. It is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to face the dangers of starvation and exposure.

无可争辩，现在有成千上万的人仍过着挨饿受冻的痛苦生活。

19. Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.

尽管这一观点被广泛接受，很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点、任何年龄进行。

20. No one can deny the fact that a persons education is the most important aspect of his life.

没有人能否认：教育是人生最重要的一方面。

21. People equate success in life with the ability of operating computer.

人们把会使用计算机与人生成功相提并论。

22. In the last decades, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.

在过去的几十年，先进的医疗技术已经使得人们比过去活的时间更长成为可能。

23. In fact, we have to admit the fact that the quality of life is as important as life itself.

事实上，我们必须承认生命的质量和生命本身一样重要。

24. We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.

我们应该不遗余力地美化我们的环境。

25. People believe that computer skills will enhance their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.

人们相信拥有计算机技术可以获得更多工作或提升的机会。

26. The information Ive collected over last few years leads me to believe that this knowledge may be less useful than most people think.

从这几年我搜集的信息来看，这些知识并没有人们想象的那么有用。

27. Now, it is generally accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduation.

现在，人们普遍认为没有一所大学能够在毕业时候教给学生所有的知识。

28. This is a matter of life and death--a matter no country can afford to ignore.

这是一个关系到生死的问题，任何国家都不能忽视。

29. For my part, I agree with the latter opinion for the following reasons:

我同意后者，有如下理由：

30. Before giving my opinion, I think it is important to look at the arguments on both sides.

在给出我的观点之前，我想看看双方的观点是重要的。

31. This view is now being questioned by more and more people.

这一观点正受到越来越多人的质疑。

32. Although many people claim that, along with the rapidly economic development, the number of people who use bicycle are decreasing and bicycle is bound to die out. The information Ive collected over the recent years leads me to believe that bicycle will continue to play extremely important roles in modern society.

尽管许多人认为随着经济的高速发展，用自行车的人数会减少，自行车可能会消亡， 然而，这几年我收集的一些信息让我相信自行车仍然会继续在现代社会发挥极其重要的作用。

33. Environmental experts point out that increasing pollution not only causes serious problems such as global warming but also could threaten to end human life on our planet.

环境学家指出：持续增加的污染不仅会导致像全球变暖这样严重的问题，而且还将威胁到人类在这个星球的生存。

34. In view of such serious situation, environmental tools of transportation like bicycle are more important than any time before.

考虑到这些严重的状况，我们比以往任何时候更需要像自行车这样的环保型交通工具。

35. Using bicycle contributes greatly to peoples physical fitness as well as easing traffic jams.

使用自行车有助于人们的身体健康，并极大地缓解了交通阻塞。

36. Despite many obvious advantages of bicycle, it is not without its problem.

尽管自行车有许多明显的优点，但是它也存在它的问题。

37. Bicycle cant be compared with other means of transportation like car and train for speed and comfort.

在速度和舒适度方面，自行车是无法和汽车、火车这样的交通工具相比的。

38. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that advantages of bicycle far outweigh its disadvantages and it will still play essential roles in modern society.

通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论：自行车的优点远大于缺点，并且在现代社会它仍将发挥重要作用。

39. There is a general discussion these days over education in many colleges and institutes. One of the questions under debate is whether education is a lifetime study.

当前在高校和研究机构对教育存在着大量争论，其中一个问题就是教育是否是个终身学习的过程。

40. This issue has caused wide public concern.

这个问题已经引起了广泛关注。

41. It must be noted that learning must be done by a person himself.

必须指出学习只能靠自己。

42. A large number of people tend to live under the illusion that they had completed their education when they finished their schooling. Obviously, they seem to fail to take into account the basic fact that a persons education is a most important aspect of his life.

许多人存在这样的误解，认为离开学校就意味着结束了他们的教育。显然，他们忽视了教育是人生重要部分这一基本事实。

43. As for me, Im in favor of the opinion that education is not complete with graduation, for the following reasons:

就我而言，我同意教育不应该随着毕业而结束的观点，有以下原因：

44. It is commonly accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduate.

人们普遍认为高校是不可能在毕业的时候教会他们的学生所有知识的。

45. Even the best possible graduate needs to continue learning before she or he becomes an educated person.

即使最优秀的毕业生，要想成为一个博学的人也要不断地学习。

46. It is commonly thought that our society had dramatically changed by modern science and technology, and human had made extraordinary progress in knowledge and technology over the recent decades.

人们普遍认为我们的现代科技使我们的社会发生了巨大的变化，近几十年人类在科技方面取得了惊人的进步。

47. Now people in growing numbers are beginning to believe that learning new skills and knowledge contributes directly to enhancing their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.

现在越来越多的人开始相信学习新的技术和知识能直接帮助他们获得工作就会或提升的机会。

48. An investigation shows that many older people express a strong desire to continue studying in university or college.

一项调查显示许多老人都有到大学继续学习的愿望。

49. For the majority of people, reading or learning a new skill has become the focus of their lives and the source of their happiness and contentment after their retirement.

对大多数人来讲，退休以后，阅读或学习一项新技术已成为他们生活的中心和快乐的来源。

50. For people who want to adopt a healthy and meaningful life style, it is important to find time to learn certain new knowledge. Just as an old saying goes: it is never too late to learn.

对于那些想过上健康而有意义的生活的人们来说，找时间学习一些新知识是很重要的，正如那句老话：活到老，学到老。

51. There is a general debate on the campus today over the phenomenon of college or high school students doing a part-time job.

对于大学或高中生打工这一现象，校园里进行着广泛的争论。

52. By taking a major-related part-job, students can not only improve their academic studies, but gain much experience, experience they will never be able to get from the textbooks.

通过做一份和专业相关的工作，学生不仅能够提高他们的专业能力，而且能获得从课本上得不到的经验。

53. Although peoples lives have been dramatically changed over the last decades, it must be admitted that, shortage of funds is still the one of the biggest questions that students nowadays have to face because that tuition fees and prices of books are soaring by the day

近几十年，尽管人们的生活有了惊人的改变，但必须承认，由于学费和书费日益飞涨，资金短缺仍然是学生们面临的最大问题之一。

54. Consequently, the extra money obtained from part-time job will strongly support students to continue to their study life.

因此，业余工作挣来的钱将强有力地支持学生们继续他们的求学生活。

55. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that part-time job can produce a far-reaching impact on students and they should be encouraged to take part-time job, which will benefit students and their family, even the society as a whole.

通过上面的讨论，我们不难得出结论：业余工作对学生们会产生深远的影响，我们应鼓励学生从事业余工作，这将有利于学生和他们的家庭，甚至整个社会。

56. These days, people in growing numbers are beginning to complain that work is more stressful and less leisurely than in past. Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it.

现在，越来越多的人们开始抱怨工作比以前更有压力。许多专家指出这是现代社会发展必然的结果，无法避免。

57. It is widely acknowledged that computer and other machines have become an indispensable part of our society, which make our life and work more comfortable and less

laborious.

人们普遍认为计算机和其他机器已经成为我们社会必不可少的一部分。 它们使我们的生活更舒适，减少了大量劳动。

58. At the same time, along with the benefits of such machines, employees must study knowledge involved in such machines so that they are able to control them.

同时，随着这些机器带给我们的好处，员工们也必须要学习与之相关的知识以便使用它们。

59. No one can deny the basic fact that it is impossible for average workers to master those high-technology skills easily.

没有人能否认这一基本事实：对于一般工人来讲，轻松掌握这些技术是不可能的。

60. In the second place, there seem to be too many people without job and not enough job position.

第二方面，失业的人似乎太多而又没有足够的工作岗位。

61. Millions of people have to spend more time and energy on studying new skills and technology so that they can keep a favorable position in job market.

成千上万的人们不得不花费更多的精力和时间学习新的技术和知识，使得他们在就业市场能保持优势。

62. According to a recent survey, a growing number of people express a strong desire to take another job or spend more time on their job in order to get more money to support their family.

根据最近的一项调查，越来越多的人表达了想从事另外的工作或加班以赚取更多的钱来补贴家用的强烈愿望。

63. From what has been discussed above, I am fully convinced that the leisure life-style is undergoing a decline with the progress of modern society, it is not necessary a bad thing.

通过以上讨论，我完全相信，随着现代社会的进步，幽闲的生活方式正在消失并不是件坏事。

64. The problem of international tourism has caused wide public concern over the recent years.

近些年，国际旅游的问题引起了广泛关注。

65. Many people believe that international tourism produce positive effects on economic growth and local government should be encouraged to promote international tourism.

许多人认为国际旅游对经济发展有积极作用，应鼓励地方政府发展国际旅游。

66. But what these people fail to see is that international tourism may bring about a disastrous impact on our environment and local history.

但是这些人忽视了国际旅游可能会给当地环境和历史造成的灾难性的影响。

67. As for me, Im firmly convinced that the number of foreign tourists should be limited, for the following reasons:

就我而言，我坚定地认为国外旅游者的数量应得到限制，理由如下：

68. In addition, in order to attract tourists, a lot of artificial facilities have been built, which have certain unfavorable effects on the environment.

另外，为了吸引旅游者，大量人工设施被修建，这对环境是不利的。

69. For lack of distinct culture, some places will not attract tourists any more. Consequently, the fast rise in number of foreign tourists may eventually lead to the decline of local tourism.

由于缺乏独特的文化，一些地方不再吸引旅游者。因此，国外旅游者数量的快速增加可能最终会导致当地旅游业的衰败。

70. There is a growing tendency for parents to ask their children to accept extra educational programs over the recent years.

近些年，父母要求他们的孩子接受额外的教育呈增长的势头。

71. This phenomenon has caused wide public concern in many places of world.

这一现象在全世界许多地方已引起了广泛关注。

72. Many parents believe that additional educational activities enjoy obvious advantage. By extra studies, they maintain, their children are able to obtain many kinds of practical skills and useful knowledge, which will put them in a beneficial position in the future job markets when they grow up.

许多家长相信额外的教育活动有许多优点，通过学习，他们的孩子可以获得很多实践技能和有用的知识，当他们长大后，这些对他们就业是大有好处的。

73. In the first place, extra studies bring about unhealthy impacts on physical growth of children. Educational experts point out that, it is equally important to take some sport activities instead of extra studies when children have spent the whole day in a boring classroom.

首先，额外的学习对孩子们的身体发育是不利的。教育专家指出，孩子们在枯燥的教室里呆了一整天后，从事一些体育活动，而不是额外的学习，是非常重要的。

74. Children are undergoing fast physical development; lack of physical exercise may produce disastrous influence on their later life.

孩子们正处于身体快速发育时期，缺乏体育锻炼可能会对他们未来的生活造成严重的影响。

75. In the second place, from psychological aspect, the majority of children seem to tend to have an unfavorable attitude toward additional educational activities.

第二，从心理上讲，大部分孩子似乎对额外的学习没有什么好感。

76. It is hard to imagine a student focusing their energy on textbook while other children are playing.

当别的孩子在玩耍的时候，很难想象一个学生能集中精力在课本上。

77. Moreover, children will have less time to play and communicate with their peers due to extra studies, consequently, it is difficult to develop and cultivate their character and interpersonal skills. They may become more solitary and even suffer from certain mental illness.

而且，由于要额外地学习，孩子们没有多少时间和同龄的孩子玩耍和交流，很难培养他们的个性和交际能力。他们可能变得孤僻甚至产生某些心理疾病。

78. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that, although extra studies indeed enjoy many obvious advantages, its disadvantages shouldnt be ignored and far outweigh its advantages. It is absurd to force children to take extra studies after school.

通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论：尽管额外学习的确有很多优点，但它的缺点不可忽视，且远大于它的优点。因此，放学后强迫孩子额外学习是不明智的。

79. Any parents should place considerable emphasis on their children to keep the balance between play and study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

任何家长都应非常重视保持孩子在学习与玩耍的平衡，正如那句老话：只工作，不玩耍，聪明的孩子会变傻。

80. There is a growing tendency for parent these days to stay at home to look after their children instead of returning to work earlier.

现在，父亲或母亲留在家里照顾他们的孩子而不愿过早返回工作岗位正成为增加的趋势。

81. Parents are firmly convinced that, to send their child to kindergartens or nursery schools will have an unfavorable influence on the growth of children.

父母们坚定地相信把孩子送到幼儿园对他们的成长不利。

82. However, this idea is now being questioned by more and more experts, who point out that it is unhealthy for children who always stay with their parents at home.

然而，这一想法正遭受越来越多的专家的质疑，他们指出，孩子总是呆在家里，和父母在一起，是不健康的。

83. Although parent would be able to devote much more time and energy to their children, it must be admitted that, parent has less experience and knowledge about how to educate and supervise children, when compared with professional teachers working in kindergartens or nursery schools.

尽管父母能在他们孩子身上投入更多时间和精力，但是必须承认，与工作在幼儿园的专职教师相比，他们在如何管理教育孩子方面缺乏知识和经验。

84. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that, although the parents desire to look after children by themselves is understandable, its disadvantages far outweigh the advantages.

通过以上讨论，我们可以得出如下结论：尽管家长想亲自照看孩子的愿望是可以理解的，但是这样做的缺点远大于优点。

85. Parents should be encouraged to send their children to nursery schools, which will bring about profound impacts on children and families, and even the society as a whole.

应该鼓励父母将他们的孩子送到幼儿园，这将对孩子，家庭，甚至整个社会产生深远的影响。

86. Many leaders of government always go into raptures at the mere mention of artistic and cultural projects. They are forever talking about the nice parks, the smart sculptures in central city and the art galleries with various valuable rarities. Nothing, they maintain, is more essential than such projects in the economic growth.

只要一提起艺术和文化项目，一些政府领导就会兴奋不已，他们滔滔不绝地说着美丽的公园，城市中心漂亮的雕塑，还有满是稀世珍宝的艺术展览馆。他们认为在经济发展中，没有什么比这些艺术项目更重要了。

87. But is it really the case? The information Ive collected over last few years leads me to believe that artistic and cultural projects may be less useful than many governments think. In fact, basic infrastructure projects are playing extremely important role and should be given priority.

这是真的吗?这些年我收集的信息让我相信这些文化、艺术项目并没有许多政府想象的那么重要。事实上，基础设施建设非常重要，应该放在首位。

88. Those who are in favor of artistic and cultural projects advocate that cultural environment will attract more tourists, which will bring huge profits to local residents. Some people even equate the build of such projects with the improving of economic construction.

那些赞成建设文化艺术项目的人认为文化环境会吸引更多的游客，这将给当地居民带来巨大的利益。一些人甚至把建设文化艺术项目与发展经济建设等同起来。

89. Unfortunately, there is very few evidence that big companies are willing to invest a huge sums of money in a place without sufficient basic projects, such as supplies of electricity and water.

然而，很少有证据表明大公司愿意把巨额的资金投到一个连水电这些基础设施都不完善的地方去。

90. From what has been discussed above, it would be reasonable to believe that basic projects play far more important role than artistic and cultural projects in peoples life and economic growth.

通过以上讨论，我们有理由相信在人们的生活和经济发展方面，基础建设比艺术文化项目发挥更大的作用。

91. Those urban planners who are blind to this point will pay a heavy price, which they cannot afford it.

那些城市的规划者们如果忽视这一点，将会付出他们无法承受的代价。

92. There is a growing tendency these days for many people who live in rural areas to come into and work in city. This problem has caused wide public concern in most cities all over the world.

农民进城打工正成为增长的趋势，这一问题在世界上大部分城市已引起普遍关注。

93. An investigation shows that many emigrants think that working at city provide them with not only a higher salary but also the opportunity of learning new skills.

一项调查显示许多民工认为在城市打工不仅有较高的收入，而且能学到一些新技术。

94. It must be noted that improvement in agriculture seems to not be able to catch up with the increase in population of rural areas and there are millions of peasants who still live a miserable life and have to face the dangers of exposure and starvation.

必须指出，农业的发展似乎赶不上农村人口的增加，并且仍有成千上万的农民过着缺衣挨饿的贫寒生活。

95. Although rural emigrants contribute greatly to the economic growth of the cities, they may inevitably bring about many negative impacts.

尽管民工对城市的经济发展做出了巨大贡献，然而他们也不可避免的带来了一些负面影响。

96. Many sociologists point out that rural emigrants are putting pressure on population control and social order; that they are threatening to take already scarce city jobs; and that they have worsened traffic and public health problems.

许多社会学家指出民工正给人口控制和社会治安带来压力。他们正在威胁着本已萧条的工作市场，他们恶化了交通和公共卫生状况。

97. It is suggested that governments ought to make efforts to reduce the increasing gap between cities and countryside. They ought to set aside an appropriate fund for improvement of the standard of peasants lives. They ought to invite some experts in agriculture to share their experiences, information and knowledge with peasants, which will contribute directly to the economic growth of rural areas.

建议政府应该努力减少正在拉大的城乡差距。应该划拨适当的资金提高农民的生活水平;应该邀请农业专家向农民介绍他们的经验，知识和信息，这些将有助于发展农村经济。

98. In conclusion, we must take into account this problem rationally and place more emphases on peasants lives. Any government that is blind to this point will pay a heavy price.

总之，我们应理智考虑这一问题，重视农民的生活。任何政府忽视这一点都将付出巨大的代价。

99. Although many experts from universities and institutes consistently maintain that it is an inevitable part of an independent life, parents in growing numbers are starting to realize that people, including teachers and experts in education, should pay considerable attention to this problem.

尽管来自高校和研究院的许多专家坚持认为这是独立生活不可避免的一部分，然而越来越多的家长开始意识到包括教师和教育专家在内的人们应该认真对待这一问题。

100. As for me, it is essential to know, at first, what kind of problems young students possible would encounter on campus.

我认为，首先应看看学生们在校园可能遇到哪些问题。

121. on the one hand, it is indisputable that boarding schools are exerting a growing important effect, especially in last few years.

一方面，寄宿学校正在发挥越来越重要的作用，尤其是最近几年，这是无可争辩的。

122. students attend a boarding school would cultivate their independence as apart from their parents.

离开父母上寄宿学校的学生将会培养他们的独立性

123. whats more, living in school can save them a great deal of time on the way between home and school everyday, so they would be able to concentrate more time and energy on their academic work.

而且，生活在学校里能节省大量每天往返于学校和家的路上的时间，这会使他们有更多的时间和精力放在学习上。

124. on the other hand, the contribution of day schools cant be ignored.

另一方面，日制学校的贡献是不能忽视的。

125. due to high tuition fee, most of ordinary families cannot afford to send their children to boarding schools.

因为较高的学费，大部分普通家庭支付不起他们的孩子上寄宿学校的费用。

126. since it is unnecessary to consider students routinelife, day school can lay stress on teaching instead of other aspects, such as management of dormitory and cafeteria.

由于无需考虑学生的日常生活，日制学校可以将重点放在教学上而不是放在像宿舍和食堂管理这些方面。

127. furthermore, students living in their own home would have access to a comfortable life and have more opportunities to communicate with their parents, which have beneficial impact on development of their personal character.

而且，学生生活在自己家中，有舒适的生活，并有更多机会和父母交流，这对他们个性的培养是有利的。

128. from what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that both of day schools and boarding schools are important to train young students for our society.

通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论，寄宿学校和日制学校对我们社会培养年轻学生都是重要的。

129. there is much discussion over science and technology. one of the questions under debate is whether traditional technology and methods are bound to die out when a country begins to develop modern science and technology.

关于科学技术存在许多争论，其中一个问题是当国家发展现代科学技术时，传统的技术方法是否可能会消亡?

130. as for me, the declining of traditional technology and methods is not a bad thing; it is the natural result of progress of society.

我认为，传统技术方法的消亡不一定是坏事，这是社会进步的自然结果。

131. in the first place, some aspects of the traditional technology and methods are harmful and hampering the development of modern technology science.

首先，传统技术方法有些部分是有害的，并且会阻碍现代科技的发展。

132. although modern science and technology have proved that such methods are absurd, there are still millions of people use such methods in many remote places nowadays.

尽管现代科学技术已经证明了这些方法是愚昧的，然而在许多偏僻的地方，仍有成千上万的人们在使用这些方法。

133. in the second place, many values of traditional technology are out of date and should be replaced by modern science.

第二点，许多传统技术方法已经过时，应被现代科技所取代。

134. although many people tend to live under the illusion that traditional technology and methods are still playing extremely important role in peoples life, an increasingevidences show that it is less useful than many people think.

尽管许多人保持着传统观念，认为传统技术方法在人们生活中仍发挥着重要作用，但是越来越多的证据显示它并没有人们想象的有用。

135. from what has been discussed above, i firmly believe that time will prove that traditional technology and methods would die out with the development of modern science and technology. the maintenance of the traditionaltechnology and methods is futile.

通过以上讨论，我坚定地相信时间会证明传统技术方法将会随着现代技术的发展而消亡，坚持传统技术方法是徒劳的。

136. at the time when technology means ever more harmful carbon in the air we breathe, we need these forests now more than ever.

当技术的发展意味着我们会吸入更多有害气体时，我们比任何时候更需要森林。

137. nothing is more important than to receive education.

没有比接受教育更重要的事。

138. we cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.

我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。

139. there is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.

无可否认，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。

140. it is universally acknowledged that trees are

indispensable to us.

全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。

141. there is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.

毫无疑问，我们的教育制度令人不满意。

142. an advantage of using the solar energy is that it wont create any pollution.

使用太阳能的优点是它不会产生任何污染。

143. the reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.

我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。

144. so precious is time that we cant afford to waste it.

时间是如此珍贵，我们不能浪费它。

145. rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.

虽然我们的国家很富有，但是我们的生活质量却令人很不满意。

146. the harder you work, the more progress you make.

你越努力，你越进步。

147. the more books we read, the more learned we become.

我们书读得越多，我们越有学问。

148. to average people, they often tend to live under the illusion that english often means a good opportunity for ones career, is this really the case?

对于一般人来说，他们常常以为掌握英语就意味着一份好的工作，然而这是真的吗?

149. by taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.

通过体育锻炼，我们能够始终保持健康。

150. listening to music enables us to feel relaxed.

听音乐能使我们放松。

151. on no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.

我们绝对不能忽视知识的价值。

152. it is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.

该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。

153. those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.

违反交通规则的人应该受到处罚。

154. there is no one but longs to go to college.

人们都希望上大学。

155. since the examination is around the corner, i am compelled to give up doing sports.

既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃作运动。

156. it is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.

可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。

157. summer is sultry. thats the reason why i dont like it.

夏天很闷热，这就是我不喜欢它的原因。

158. the progress of the society is based on harmony.

社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。

159. we should bring home to people the value of working hard.

我们应该让人们知道努力的价值。

160. taking exercise is closely related to health.

作运动与健康息息相关。

161. we should get into the habit of keeping good hours.

我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。

162. the condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired.

我们的交通状况令人不满意。

163. smoking has a great influence on our health.

抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。

164. reading does good to our mind.

读书对心灵有益。

165. overwork does harm to health.

工作过度对健康有害。

166. pollution poses a great threat to our existence.

污染对我们的生存造成巨大威胁。

167. we should do our best to achieve our goal in life.

我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。

168. weather a large family is a good thing or not is a very popular topic, which is often talked about not only by city residents but by farmers as well.

家庭人口多好还是家庭人口少好是一个非常通俗的主题，不仅是城里人，而且农民都经常讨论这个问题。

169. as is known to all, fake and inferior commodities harm the interests of consumers.

众所周知，假冒伪劣商品损害了消费者的利益。

170. today an increasing number of people have realized that law education is of great importance. in order to keep law and order, every one of us is supposed to get a law education.

现在，愈来愈多的人认识到法制教育的重要性。为了维护社会治安 ，我们每人都应该接受法制教育。

171. from what i have mentioned above, we can see clearly that violence on tv has great influence on youngsters behavior.

从上面我所提到的，我们可以清楚地看到，电视暴力对青少年的影响是极其深远的。

172. there are two reasons for the improvement in peoples living conditions. in the first place, we have been carrying out the reform and opening-up policy. secondly, there has been a rapid expansion of our national economy. furthermore, the birth rate has been put under control.

人民生活状况的改善原因有两点。首先，我们一直在贯彻执行改革开放政策。其次，国民经济正在迅速发展，而且出生率已经得到控制。

173. my suggestions to deal with the problem are as follows. to begin with, it is urgent to create nature reserves. secondly, certain rare wild animals that are going to be extinct should be collected, fed and reproduced artificially. finally, those who hunter them must be punished severely.

我对解决这个问题的建议如下：首先，迫在眉睫的是建立自然保护区。其次，有些濒临灭绝的珍稀野生动物应该收捕、人工喂养并繁殖。最后，对于捕猎珍稀野生动物的人必须严惩。

174. people differ in their attitudes towards failure. faced with it, some of them can stand up to it, draw useful lessons from it and try hard to fulfill what they are determined to do. others, however, lose heart and give in.

人们对失败持有不同的态度。面对失败，有人能够经得起考验，从失败中汲取教训，并努力去完成他们下定决心要做的事情。然而，另一些人却丧失信心并退却了。

175. it is desirable to build more hospitals, shopping centers, recreation centers, cinemas and other public facilities to meet the growing needs of people.

人们希望建立更多的医院、购物中心、娱乐中心、电影院和其他公用设施来满足人们日益增长的需求。

176. as a popular saying goes, "everything has two sides." now the public are benefiting more and more from scientific and technological inventions. on the other hand, the progress of science and technology is bringing us a lot of trouble. people in many countries are suffering from public hazards.

常言道：事情总是一分为二的。如今人们从科技发明中得到越来越多的好处。另一方面，科技进步也给我们带来了许多麻烦。现在许多国家 的人民饱受公害之苦。

177. lets take cars for example. they not only pollute the air in cities, but make them crowded. furthermore, they are responsible for a lot of traffic accidents. the noise made by cars disturbs the residents living on both sides of streets all day and night.

就拿汽车为例。汽车不仅污染城市空气，而且使城市拥挤不堪。此外，汽车造成许多交通事故。汽车所产生的噪音使居住在街道两旁的居民日夜不得安宁。

178. it is generally believed that the chief reason for the increase in population in developed countries is not so much the rise in birth rates as the decline in death rates as a result of the improvement in medical care.

普遍认为，在发达国家人口增长的主要原因与其说是出生率的上升，还不如说是由于医疗保健的改善使死亡率下降了。

179. there is no doubt that the increase in demand caused the rise in prices.

毫无疑问，需求的增长导致了价格的上涨。

180. additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements-themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.

由于人口的猛增或大量人口流动(现代交通工具使这种流动相对容易)引发的种种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。

一、用于描写图表和数据

1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998.

2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year.

3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995.

4. It would be expected to increase 5 times.

5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year.

6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996.

7. The total number was lowered by 10%.

8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year.

9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent.

10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995.

11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with…

二、用于解释性和阐述性论说文

1. Everybody knows that…

2. It can be easily proved that…

3. It is true that…

4. No one can deny that

5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is…

6. The chief reason is that…

7. We must recognize that…

8. There is on doubt that…

9. I am of the opinion that…

10. This can be expressed as follows;

11. To take …for an example…

12. We have reason to believe that

13. Now that we know that…

14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned…

15. The change in …largely results from the fact that

16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally…

17. A number of factors could account for the development in…

18. Perhaps the primary reason is…

19. It is chiefly responsible of…

20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact…

21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that…

22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that…

23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon…

24. Different people observes it in different ways.

三、用于文章的开头

1. As the proverb says…

2. It goes without saying tan…

3. Generally speaking…

4. It is quite clear than because…

5. It is often said that …

6. Many people often ask such question:“…?”

7. More and more people have come to realize…

8. There is no doubt that…

9. Some people believe that…

10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case?

11. One great man said that…

12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention.

13. In the past several years there has been…

14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether…

15. Currently there is a widespread concern that…

16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that…

17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of …

18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently.

四、用于文章的结尾

1. from this point of view…

2. in a word…

3. in conclusion…

4. on account of this we can find that…

5. the result is dependent on…

6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information:

7. thus, this is the reason why we must…

8. to sum up …

9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that…

10. It is obvious that…

11. There is little doubt that…

12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful

13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way.

14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on…

15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that…

五、用于论证和说明

1. As it is described that…

2. It has been illustrated that…

3. It provides a good example of…

4. We may cite another instance of…

5. History man provides us with the examples of…

6. A number of further facts may be added…

7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard.

8. A recent investigation indicate that…

9. According to the statistics provided …

10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted…

11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that…

12. All available evidence points to the fact that…

13. Examples given leads me to conclude that…

14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that…

15. The idea may be proved by facts…

16. All the facts suggest that…

17. No one can deny the fact that…

18. We may face the undeniable fact that…

1.至于我，在某种程度上我同意后面的观点，我认为……

As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent.I think that ____。

2.总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注……这个问题。只有这样，我们才能在将来……

In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______.Only in this way can ______in the future。

3.但是，……和……都有它们各自的优势(好处)。例如，……，而……然而，把这两者相比较，我更倾向于(喜欢)……

But ______and ______have their own advantages.For example, _____, while_____.Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to______。

4.就我个人而言，我相信……，因此，我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为……

Personally, I believe that_____.Consequently, Im confident that a bright future is awaiting us because______。

5.随着社会的发展，……因此，迫切需要……如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自已的一份力量，这个社会将要变得越来越好。

With the development of society, ______.So it“s urgent and necessary to ____.If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better。

6.至于我(对我来说，就我而言)，我认为……更合理。只有这样，我们才能……

For my part, I think it reasonable to_____.Only in this way can you _____。

7.对我来说，我认为有必要……原因如下：第一，……; 第二，……;最后……但同样重要的是……

In my opinion, I think it necessary to____.The reasons are as follows.First _____.Second ______.Last but not least,______。

8.在总体上很难说……是好还是坏，因为它在很大程度上取决于……的形势。然而，就我个人而言，我发现……

It is difficult to say whether _____is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of______.However, from a personal point of view find______。

9.综上所述，我们可以清楚地得出结论……

From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that____。

10.如果我们不采取有效的方法，就可能控制不了这种趋势，就会出现一些意想不到的不良后果，所以，我们应该做的是……

If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is_____。

题目：我家的一个星期天

一、教学目的、要求：

1．作文前列出提纲。

2．按一定顺序叙述。

3．把主要事情写具体些。

二、教学时间：2课时

三、教学准备：教学小黑板

四、教学过程：

㈠启发谈话，导入新课。

星期天你们家是怎样度过的？哪一个星期天你过得最愉快、最有意义？说给大家听听。

㈡指导作文提纲。

1．这次作文的题目可以怎么定？（学生发言）

可以用“我家的一个星期天”，也可以自己另外定题目，强调题目一定要紧扣文章内容来定。

2．选好写哪一个星期天以后，再想一想用什么题目，表达什么中心思想，材料怎样安排，然后列一个作文提纲。

㈢学生各自列作文提纲，教师指导。

㈣请几个学生读自己列的提纲，教师酌情评议指导。

㈤提出具体作文要求。

1．写作时要按提纲来写，做到有顺序。

2．把主要的事重点写。

3．做到有中心，有条理，语句通顺。

㈥学生写作，教师巡视指导。

一、注意段首句式的变化

图画作文的段首句往往是"如图所示"或"从图画中可以看出"之类，下面为经常采用的一些句型：

As is shown in the picture, 和As can be seen from the picture,是经常能看到的首句话，但是模板迹象过于明显，所以应该稍加升级，比如添加一些结构和修饰语：

It is of considerable interest to see in the bizarre picture that…

当然还可以添加一些引出话题的句子：

No one can skip the issue of…(图画表现出来的意图)。Just as what is illustrated in the above drawing,…

二、适当用被动替换主动，这样能更客观地反映事实。

句子开头不要总是用we / I (比如写结尾时不用we should pay attention to而用Attent

ion should be paid to. ) 举个经典结尾的例子：It is, therefore, high time that some applicable approaches were implemented by the service industry like that. By doing so，its competitive edge will be sharpened effectively。

三、一句话用不同的句式来表达

为了加强同学们对语法知识在写作中的灵活应用，下面给出一句话的14种句式及语言

调整的效果，内容上没有太大差异，但是请同学们仔细辨别每句话所侧重的句式：

1.使用表语从句

The picture shows two people reading the announcement on a billboard, and being shocked at the message. The reason is that the billboard is advertising a "sale of the dead bodies"。

2.使用介词短语

In the picture, two people are reading the announcement and they are being shocked at the message of "a sale of dead bodies" on a billboard。

3.使用疑问句

The picture shows two people reading the announcement on a billboard. Why are they so shocked? The reason is that the billboard is advertising a "sale of the dead bodies"。

4.使用原因状语从句

The picture shows two people reading the announcement on a billboard. As the billboard is advertising a "sale of the dead bodies"， they are shocked at the message。

5.使用结果状语从句

The picture shows two people reading the announcement on a billboard. The billboard is advertising a "sale of the dead bodies" so that they are shocked at the message。

6.使用时间状语从句

In the picture, while the two people are reading the announcement on the billboard about "a sale of the dead bodies"， they are being deeply shocked。

7.使用分词短语

In the picture, reading the message of a ‘sale of the dead bodies" advertised on the billboard, the two people are deeply shocked。

8.使用主动语态

In the picture, the announcement on a billboard advertising a "sale of the dead bodies" shocks the two people reading it。

9.使用There be 结构

In the picture, there is an announcement on a billboard advertising a "sale of the dead bodies" and shocking the two people reading it。

10.使用倒装句

On a billboard is an announcement advertising a "sale of the dead bodies". The two people reading it are being shocked。

11.使用定语从句

In the picture, the announcement on a billboard which advertises a "sale of the dead bodies" shocks the two people reading it。

12.强调句

In the picture, it is the announcement on a billboard advertising a "sale of the dead bodies" that shocks the two people reading it。

13.虚拟语气

In the picture, were it not for the announcement on the billboard advertising a "sale of the dead bodies"， the two people would not be so shocked。

14. 尽量复杂作文中的句式

It is of considerable interest to observe in this bizarre caricature that a couple of citizens, reading an announcement issued on the billboard, are taken aback as a result of the astounding message which informs people of a "sale of dead bodies"。

句中使用的词组包括：be of considerable interest, a couple of, taken aback, as a result of, inform sb. of

长句采用的特殊语法包括：宾语从句+分词结构做插入语+分词作后置定语(issued)+被动语态+原因短语+定语从句。

Academic Plagiarism

Nowadays, the problem of academic plagiarism becomes more and more serious. In orderto earn academic titles, some teachers plagiarize others academic papers; in order tograduate smoothly, some college students plagiarize others graduation papers. Everything hasits reasons; academic plagiarism is no exception.

First, college authorities put too much emphasis on papers while conferring academic titlesand graduating students. Second, modern technology makes it unprecedentedly easy to getinformation and materials. Some plagiarists who are morally corrupt cant resist thetemptation and decide to take risks. Third, the system of censorship and penalty are farfrom being strict, encouraging plagiarism to some extent.

Plagiarism causes many bad results. On the one hand, plagiarism infringes original writersright and it is unfair for teachers and students who dont plagiarize. On the other hand,plagiarism may spread negative thoughts which in the end will ruin colleges fame. Therefore,I suggest college authorities should not regard papers as the only criterion for evaluating teachers and students. Besides, much stricter system of censorship and penalty should beapplied.

新闻，是指报纸、电台、电视台经常使用的记录社会、传播信息、反映时代的一种文体。下面是小编收集整理的新闻稿写作基础知识，希望对您有所帮助！

一、新闻稿

消息，也叫新闻。新闻这一概念有狭义和广义之分。狭义的单指消息；广义的指消息、通讯、报告文学、特写、评论等等。消息是用概括的叙述方式，比较简明扼要的文字，迅速及时地报道国内外新近发生的、有价值的、群众最关心的事实。

一、消息特点：

内容真实，事实准确。真实是消息的生命，是力量的所在。事实是它的本源，也是它令人信服的基础。真实，就是事实真实，所写的人物、时间、地点、事情发生发展的经过不能虚构。准确，就是每个事实，包括细节在内都准确无误。如果一条消息失真或有差误，不仅会减低其新闻价值，失信于民，而且还会损害党和人民的事业。

内容新鲜，有价值。新闻贵在新，而且有认识意义、启迪和指导意义。消息只有新，才能引起读者的注意，先睹为快。新，不仅要把新人物、新事件、新经验报道给读者。而且要选择有意义、有价值，给人以启迪，有指导性的事物。那种一味追求猎奇的“狗咬人不是新闻，人咬狗才是新闻”的观点，是我们所不取的。

要迅速及时，有时效性。迅速是消息的价值，消息报道速度迟缓便会降低消息的价值，“新闻”变成了“旧闻”。时效，就是速度要快，内容要新。对新人、新事、新情况、新问题，要敏锐地发现，尽快地了解，迅速及时地反映。

简明扼要，篇幅短小。简短是消息区别于其他文体的主要标志。所谓简短，就是“三言两语，记清事实，寥寥数笔，显出精神，概括而不流于抽象，简短而不陷于疏漏”，用笔要简洁利落，内容集中精炼。

二、消息的种类（一般把消息概括为四类）：

1.动态消息

动态消息是迅速而准确地报道新近发生的国际、国内重大事件、重要的活动和各项建设中最新出现的新情况、新动态、新成就、新问题的一种文体。它是报纸上使用最多的一类。

重大新闻的简讯都属于动态消息。重大新闻，指事件重大，一意义深远，报道时在报纸上占显著位置的消息。如《我国多种应用卫星齐头发》（光明日报） 1993年5月13日）。简讯内容第一，篇幅简短。如“国际要闻简报”、“学术动态”、“市场漫步”等。

2.典型消息

典型消息也叫经验消息，它是对一些具体部门、单位、行业的典型经验、成功做法集中报道的一种文体。这种消息是在介绍经验、做法之后，总结经验，揭示规律，以达到以点带面，推动工作的目的。如《一切依靠群众自己的创造——首钢十年改革的一条基本经验》（《人民**》）1988年12月26日）。

3.综合消息

综合消息是把发生在不同地点、不同单位、各具特色、性质相同的事实综合在一起，并体现一个主题的报道。它的特点是在综合、概括事实的基础上，进行分析，提出见解，揭示规律。如《滥砍树木南亚三国水灾仍频，亡羊补牢印北方帮助员植树》（《光明日报》1993年7月25日）。

4.述评消息

又称“记者述评”、“新闻述评”。是一种兼有消息与评论作用的新闻。它是在陈述事实的基础上，穿插评论或抒发感慨，从而分析说明所报道事实的本质和意义。它的特点是边叙边评，要求以国家的方针政策为依据，针对事实进行评说，要观点正确，评论得当。如《分清主流与支流，莫把“开头”当“过头”》（《辽宁日报》 1979年5月）。

三、消息的写法：

1.标题

消息的标题，分眉题（又称引题、肩题）、正题（又称主题、母题）和副题（又称辅题、子题）。出现在报刊上有如下几种情况：

（1）多行标题。多行标题，一般有三行，即中间一行是正题，是标题的核心，用来揭示主题或提示重要事实；正题上面一行是眉题，用来引出正题，说明事实，交代背景，烘托气氛，揭示含义；正题的下面一行是副标题，用来补充说明情况或说明正题或依据。如：

经贸部负责人发表谈话（眉题）

希望海峡两岸实现直接贸易（正题）

愿与台经贸主管部门接触协商解决双方贸易中问题（副题）

双行标题。

其一，出现正题和眉题。如：

真正幸福要靠自己劳动去创造（眉题）

杜芸芸将十万元遗产献国家（正题）

其二，出现正题和副题。如：

成都电讯局花钱“买”批评（正题）

在报上登“公告”欢迎群众对通讯服务工作进行监督（副题）

（2）单行标题。单行标题只有正题。如：

***接受《朝日新闻》社长采访

消息的标题，力求言简意明，平易亲切，准确新颖，富有吸引力。采用哪种标题，要酌情而定。

2.导语

消息的导语，就是消息的第一段或第一句话。它是由消息中最新鲜、最主要的事实或精辟的议论组成，以吸引读者。平常所说的消息的结构是“倒金字塔”式，原因就在于此。

导语常采用以下几种写法：

叙述式。简明扼要地写出主要事实、经验，或对全篇事实材料进行综合概括，揭示主要内容。如：“全国第一家由个体户与港商合资经营的企业——大连光彩实业（合资）有限公司，经国务院批准，1985年4月13日正式开业。”（《经济日报》1985年4月18日发的消息导语）

提问式。把消息中要解决的问题或要介绍的经验、做法以设问的形式提出，然后再用事实作答。如“亲爱的读者，你知道灯心绒可以做夏天穿的裙子吗？上海绒布厂新生产的许多灯芯绒中，就有这样新奇的品种”。（新华社1980年7月16日新闻稿）

描写式。对富有特色的事实或有意义的一个侧面，用简练的笔墨进行形象描绘，给读者以鲜明的印象。如“一盆盆翠绿欲滴的麦冬、松柏、万年青和盛开的鲜花装点在人民大会堂的大厅里，全国妇联今天下午在这里举行联欢会。中外妇女1500多人欢聚一堂。相互握手问好，亲切交谈，共同庆祝‘三八’妇女劳动节”。（新华社北京1988年3月8日电）

评论式。是对所报道的事实先作出评论性结论，然后再用具体事实来阐明。如“今天，新中国颁布的第一部专利法正式生效了。从此，脑力劳动成果被无偿占用的历史在我国宣告结束”。（新华社北京1985年4月1日电）

引用式。引用消息中人物深刻而富有意义的语言作为导语。如“女青年杜芸芸到上海司法机关，要求将继承的十余万元遗产捐献给国家，她说：‘我还年轻，应该靠自己的劳动来生活，我愿意将这笔钱来支援国家的四化建设’”。（《文汇报》1981年9月29日）

3.主体

主体是消息的主要部分。它承接导语，阐述导语所揭示的主题，或回答导语中提出的问题，对消息事实作具体的叙述与展开。写主体要注意如下几点：

主干突出。消息的主体是主干，典型材料要用在主干上。要去头绪，减枝蔓，与主题无关的要舍弃，次要材料要简略。

内容充实。回答导语中提出的问题，其内容必须具体、充实，这样才有说服力。导语提出什么问题，主体就要回答什么问题，这样才能紧扣中心，突出重点。

结构严谨，层次分明。要恰当地划分段落，有条不紊地展开叙述，安排层次有以下几种顺序：一是时间顺序，按事情的发生、发展、结束的先后顺序安排层次；二是逻辑顺序，就是根据事物的内在联系来安排层次；三是时间顺序和逻辑顺序相结合，这样写严密而有条理，活泼而不紊乱。

4.背景

背景是指事件发生的历史环境和原因，它说明事件发生的具体条件、性质和意义，是为充实内容，烘托和突出主题服务的背景既可在主体部分出现，也可在导语或结尾部分出现，位置不固定。

背景材料一般有三类：一是对比材料，即对事物进行前后、正反的比较对照，以突出事件的重要性；二是说明性材料，即介绍政治背景、地理位置、历史演变、生产面貌、物质条件等；三是诠释性材料，即人物生平的说明，专业术语的介绍，历史典故的解释等，以帮助读者理解消息的内容。

5.结语

结语是消息的最后一段或一句话。阐明消息所述事实的意义，使读者对消息的理解、感受加深，从中得到更多的启示。

消息的结尾方式有小结式、评论式、希望式等。有的消息，事实写完，文章就止住了，结尾就在事实之中。

二、通讯稿

1．通讯的概念

通讯，是运用叙述、描写、抒情、议论等多种手法，具体、生动、形象地反映新闻事件或典型人物的一种新闻报道形式。它是记叙文的一种，是报纸、广播电台、通讯社常用的文体。

2．通讯的特点

一般来说，通讯有四大特点：

（1）严格的真实性。

（2）报道的客观性。

（3）较强的时间性。

（4）描写的形象性。

3．通讯的种类

（1）按内容分，通讯一般分为人物通讯、事件通讯、概貌通讯、工作通讯。

（2）按形式分，通讯分为一般记事通讯、访问记（专访、人物专访）、小故事、集纳、巡礼、纪实、见闻、特写、速写、侧记、散记、采访札记。

4．通讯的写作

第一，主题要明确。有了明确的主题，取舍材料才有标准，起笔、过渡、高潮、结尾才有依据。

第二，材料要精当。按照主题思想的要求，去掂量材料、选取材料；把最能反映事物本质的、具有典型意义的和最有吸引力的材料写进去。

第三，写人离不开事，写事为了写人。写人物通讯固然要写人，就是写事件通讯、概貌通讯、工作通讯，也不能忘记写人。当然，写人离不开写事。离开事例、细节、情节去写人，势必写得空空洞洞。

第四，角度要新颖。写作方法要灵活多样，除叙述外，可以描写、议论，也可以穿插人物对话、自叙和作者的体会、感受，既可以用第三人称的报道形式，也可以写成第一人称的访问记、印象记或书信体、日记体等。通讯所报道的新闻事实，可以从各个不同的角度去观察，去反映，诸如正面、反面、侧面、鸟瞰、平视、仰望、远眺、近看、俯首、细察……角度不同，印象各异。若能精心选取最佳角度去写，往往能使稿件陡然增添新意，写得别具一格，引人入胜。

5．常见通讯简介与实例

（1）人物通讯

所谓人物通讯，就是以报道各条战线上的先进人物为主的通讯。它着重揭示先进人物的精神境界，通过写人物的先进事迹，反映出人物的先进思想，使之成为社会的共同财富。同时，也报道转变中的人物和某些有争议的人物。“金无足赤，人无完人”，在写作时切不可把先进人物写成从来没有过的大智大勇，十全十美，写人叙事力求言真意切，恰如其分。

（2）事件通讯

所谓事件通讯，就是报道典型的、有普遍教育作用的新闻事件。写事当然离不开事件有关的人，但它不像人物通讯那样着力刻划人，而是以事件为中心，在事件的总画面中，为了写好事来写人。它既可以反映现实生活中发生的重大的、振奋人心的典型事件和突出事件；也可以从某一新闻事件截取一个或若干个片断，进行细致详尽的描述，揭示事件的深刻含义；还可以是若干事件的综述。

（3）工作通讯

所谓工作通讯，就是反映贯彻执行党的路线、方针、政策中的成绩，总结实际工作中的经验和教训，或者探讨有争议的亟待解决的问题的报道。它是报纸上经常运用指导工作的重要报道形式。它的主要特点有四条：一是把介绍工作经验和分析问题作为主旨；二是凭借事实，深入分析；三是生动活泼，讲究文采；四是不拘一格，形式多样。随笔、散记、侧记、札记、记事均可。

〈实例〉

“卧龙”何以腾飞

——化工部第二胶片厂 成功之路探秘

本报记者 夏桂廉 通讯员 恭永梅“伏牛”出山，“卧龙”腾飞。70年代建在河南省伏牛山深处的化工部第二胶片厂，今天神奇般屹立在南阳市的卧龙岗下，成为我国印刷感光器材生产的基地、河南省利税百强企业。在社会主义市场经济的大潮中，他们越战越强的秘诀是什么？

企业要有一种精神

记者在这个厂采访时，干部职工介绍了他们如何适应市场需求调整产品结构：如何狠抓产品质量促销售；如何狠抓科技进步……但更令人振奋的是，职工们高昂的精神面貌和他们经常提到的企业精神：艰苦奋斗，团结进取。

70年代初期，二胶厂的建设者们开进了伏牛山。他们住的是简易房，吃的是红薯面窝头，在人迹罕至的深山，万名建设者忍着冬天的奇冷，冒着夏天的酷热，硬是在4年中建起了一座座现代化厂房。二胶厂的许多职工经历了那段日月，创业的艰难磨炼了他们，艰苦奋斗、努力进取的企业精神也像刀刻石雕般印在了这一代建设者的心中。

进入80年代，电影胶片市场趋于饱和。二胶厂的领导们审时度势，决定转产工业用印刷胶片。新的生产线怎样建起来，是完全靠国家贷款引进国外设备，还是主要靠自己的力量进行技术改造？二胶厂选择了后一条路。几年来，他们对关键设备拉幅机先后进行了4次大的改造，使其能生产0．175毫米厚的涤纶薄膜，填补了国内空白。对涂面机进行了多项改造，实现了微机控制、双机计量等，使生产的车速由18米／分提高到28米／分，控制精度由百分之一提高到千分之零点五。

对国外的先进设备二胶厂并不排斥，适于厂情的或技术改造中的关键设备也要买。他们分别从美英日引进了三条生产线和关键设备，这样技术改造的结果，产品质量上去了，生产成本降低了，同时还锻炼出一批技术过硬能打硬仗的队伍。

1991年，该厂被列为《三线企事业单位“八五”调整规划方案》之中，开始了由山沟到南阳的搬迁工作，除山区暂设分厂外，主要生产机构全部搬出。在搬迁中，该厂只用了6000万元，还比原计划的40天提前了5天。拉幅机搬迁后一次试车成功，工人们精细地拆装，忘我地工作，为国家节省了大量资金，被国务院三线办评为搬迁的典型。转入市场经济后，许多工厂的供销人员成了先富起来的人。然而二胶厂的供销公司仍然有一支不计名利、朴实能干的队伍。公司经理是个血气方刚的中年汉子，在二胶厂已工作20多年。他很为他的同事自豪。他说：“我们这80多人长年奔波在祖国各地，只要一说有任务，买张车票就走，出门在外吃住全不讲究，小旅店、小饭馆即可。当然，看到有的单位供销人员拿高奖金，花钱大手大脚，我们也有想法，但我们这支队伍艰苦奋斗的企业精神一直没有丢。”

在二胶厂，一线工人勤恳耐劳，他们很为自己的工厂自豪。迁入南阳后电源不足，对生产有影响，今年春节，工厂决定避开用电高峰照常上班，大家没有怨言，高高兴兴完成了任务。企业精神从何而来二胶厂的成功，与职工们的精神面貌有重要关系，他们的企业精神从何而来？二胶厂的多数职工都有一段在艰苦环境下创业的历史，他们对工厂有很深的感情，这是很重要的一条。但从干部职工的谈话中，他们十分信赖自己的企业领导，对他们充满信心，也是一条重要原因。

以“全国优秀化工企业领导人”李相权为带头人的领导班子，在工厂中深孚众望。李相权专业知识功底扎实，从企业基层干起，有丰富的实践经验，与二胶厂一起成长，又决定了他有较强的社会责任感和艰苦奋斗干大事业的气魄。

在二胶厂参观，厂房是新的，高水平的设备让行家们眼热，但厂领导的办公室则很普通，他们只是借用了厂科研楼的两层。为工人和科研人员创造最好的工作和生活条件，自己则决不讲排场。春节，工人们加班，李相权和其他领导大年初一的早晨也来到车间，和大家一起工作。

在从计划经济向市场经济的转化中，企业领导人正确的决策是十分重要的。李相权对行业状况、发展趋势、竞争对手的情况都了解甚深，因而有很强的市场驾驭能力。二胶厂的产品转向、技术改造、狠抓质量、开拓市场都渗透着他和领导班子的心血。一个能带领职工沿着正确的航向在市场经济的大潮中拼搏的厂长，自然会得到群众的信赖。当职工看到企业美好前景，个人生活不断得到改善时谁还会不努力工作呢？

（4）概貌通讯

概貌通讯又称风貌通讯。它是以反映社会生活、风土人情、自然风光和日新月异的建设成就为主的报道。尤其是改革、开放、搞活所带来的变化，又为这类通讯增加了新的内容。概貌通讯与事件通讯不同，它不是围绕一个人物或一个中心事件来写，也不要求写一件事发生、发展的完整过程，而是围绕主题集中各方面的风貌和特色。在表达方式上，往往运用点上具体事例来叙述和描写一个地区、一条战线、一个单位、一个点、一个方面的风貌变化，展现时代的步伐和人的思想境界的变化。一般采取“巡礼”、“纪行”、“散记”、“侧记”等形式，向读者介绍。

〈实例〉

“太旧精神”耀三晋

杜五安

山西，曾被唐代文学家柳宗元称作“表里山河”，它内凹外凸，四周被群山环抱，自古多以栈隘与域外相通。

“八五”期间，国家重点建设项目、全封闭、全立交的太旧高速公路的兴趣，不但揭开了山西公路建设乃至山西经济建设史上的崭新一页，同时，工程建设者们在实践中，也为世人创造了一笔宝贵的精神财富“太旧精神”。

新春佳节前夕，中共山西省委、山西省人民政府做出决定，在全省干部、群众当中，开展学习“太旧精神”活动。“自力更生、艰苦奋斗、不屈不挠、无私奉献”。中共山西省委总结的“太旧精神”，体现出改革开放的90年代山西人民开拓进取的精神风貌，反映了物质文明和精神文明建设的辉煌业绩。

知难而上太旧高速公路西起太原，东止晋冀交界处的旧关，全程144公里。路虽不算长，但沿线地貌变化大，地质情况复杂，80％的路段都蜿蜒在太行山的崇山峻岭之中，为施工增加了极大的难度。工期短，要求高，投资少，速度快，质量上必须创全国一流水平。

面对这样的条件，这样的要求，络绎不绝的外国投资者们虽屡经辗转、考察、概算，但最终都一个个地退缩了。他们啃不下这硬骨头，也不敢冒这天大的风险！怎么办？靠我们自己干！

山西省委、省政府下了这决心，全省人民下了这决心！省委、省政府明确提出“修建太旧高速公路，不仅是一项重要的经济任务，更是一项重大的政治任务！”

工程1993年5月动工。高速公路建设初期，遇到建设资金严重短缺的困难。面对这种情况，是坚定信心、迎难而上，还是优柔寡断、知难而退？在这重大抉择关头，胡富国同志带领省“五大班子”的领导赴太旧路现场办公，调查研究，统一了思想，坚定了自力更生、咬紧牙关、勒紧裤带、知难而进的决心。全省人民心系“太旧”，以不同的方式大力支持太旧路的建设，踊跃捐资捐物，在很短的时间里捐资达2．3亿元，缓解了资金困难。公路沿线群众识大体，顾大局，像革命战争年代支前一样支援太旧高速公路建设，他们拆新房、迁祖坟、砍果园、献良田，作出了巨大的牺牲和贡献。

顾全大局征地拆迁，常常是施工前的一大难题。但太旧路工程却是一个例外。在不到3个月的时间里，隶属于3地（市）10个乡（镇）的18个村庄的成千上万个拆迁户，便拆迁完毕。他们就像战争年代支援前线那样全力以赴地支援太旧高速公路建设。只要筑路需要，他们拆新房不犹豫，迁祖坟不忌讳，献良田不心痛，砍果树不留恋。他们说：“太旧高速公路是咱省的经济大命脉，小道理服从大道理，小复兴服从大复兴，舍小家为大家嘛！”太旧路工程共征地1．39万亩，拆迁房屋1058户，总面积10．8万平方米，砍掉果树12万株，迁坟4240座。拆迁户们谁也不现难色，谁也没有怨言，谁也不计得失，表现出了识大体、顾大局的崇高精神！无私奉献

太旧路工地，就像一座大熔炉，任何人，只要一投入这太旧路工地，其灵魂就会得到铸冶，其精神就会得到升华，其世界观、人生观和价值观就会得到深刻而巨大的变化与飞跃。讲政治、讲志气、讲拚搏、讲奉献，已经成为太旧人民心中的火炬和追求的目标。工地上，时时都有捷报频传，时时都有动人的事迹出现。施工项目负责人庞成，为了抢时间浇筑桥桩，竟冒着大雪在工地上坚守了三天两夜。高级工程师高德生除完成监理任务外，还分外为一项设计修改图纸，节约工程费用100余万元。

为了给太旧高速公路作奉献，长期病体的司机开起了砼灌车，新婚燕尔的夫妇把家安在工地的窝棚里，患病的操作手一边输液一边坚持施工，已经退休的老工程师重新走上了施工第一线。即使在病榻上即将告别人世之际，他还要给工程指挥部写信表述自己的心迹：建设好太旧高速公路是我的最大心愿，但是不能自始至终地参加太旧高速公路建设又是我一生中最大的遗憾！

在太旧路建设中，副总指挥刘俊谦被省委树为全省领导干部的楷模，8位党员受到省委组织部的表彰，8支突击队被评为“三项建设”优秀青年突击队，100名优秀干部、工人被火速吸收加入中国共产党，许多奋战在第一线的干部被提拔。

“太旧精神”正在三晋大地发扬光大。

（5）小故事（小通讯）

反映现实生活中的一个片断，通常表现一人一事，线索单一而有故事情节，短小精悍，生动活泼。不能写得人物繁多，场面太大，枝节横生，否则就失去“小”的特点。

〈实例〉

温馨留蓝天 爱心在人间

——陈太菊家人向西南航空公司致谢

陈 波

3月22日下午，因丢失一年血汗钱受到西航乘务员帮助的打工妹陈太菊的两位姐姐陈太凤和陈太翠，从广汉市专程赶到成都双流机场，亲手将书有“温馨留蓝天，爱心在人间”的一面锦旗赠送给西航总经理王如岑，以表达全家人的诚挚谢意。

去年12月30日，在广东中山一童装厂打工一年的陈太菊从珠海机场乘机到成都，过安检时忙乱中不填将12900元血汗钱丢失了。当她痛不欲生之际，西航乘务员带头为其捐款，从而感动了全机123位旅客纷纷为其解囊相助。当晚23点过，同机旅客古和强、张其君夫妇在回家整理行李时意外发现了陈太菊的钱盒，于是连夜驱车冒着浓雾赶到双流机场，将钱盒交给西航乘务部值班领导。元月一日，西航派人到广汉寻找到陈太菊后及时归还了钱盒。陈太菊得到失款后，感动不已，当场将在飞机上所得的6000元捐款委托给西航的同志，请转捐给“希望工程”。四川省青少年发展基金会接到这笔捐款后，打破常规，速将该款划拨给朱德同志的故乡仪陇县，从而使15名失学儿童得助重返校园。

“这一串串动人的真实故事，就像是导演编的，简直令人不敢相信，然而它却实实在在发生在我们自家人的身上”。陈太凤噙着泪水，满怀感慨地握着王如岑的手说：“你们培养了这么好的乘务员，我们全家人永远都会感激”。

作为全国人大代表，3天前才从北京开完人大会议归来的王如岑托着锦旗说：“推进社会主义精神文明建设，是我们共同的大事，刚召开的全国人大会议把它放在了很重要的位置。陈太菊把款转捐给‘希望工程’的举动，做得很好，它对我们继续抓好安全服务工作，也是一种激励。”

据悉，陈太菊已于3月13日重返广东求职打工去了

三、新闻报道格式种类

新闻稿的格式有很多，而且都是在新闻事业的发展过程中不断摸索出来的，不同时期格式也不一样。

一般情况可以分为以下四类：倒金字塔式、正金字塔式、折衷式、平铺直叙式等写作型式。

倒金字塔式：此种写作方式是目前媒体常用的写作方式，亦即将新闻中最重要的消息写在第一段，或是以「新闻提要」的方式呈现在新闻的最前端，此种方式有助于媒体编辑下标题，亦有助于阅听人快速清楚新闻重点。源于美国新闻界迎合了受众的接受心理，于是得到了普遍的模仿，现在中国的很多都市报所使用的都是这种格式。

新闻报道基本格式（除了标题）是：先在导语中写一个新闻事件中最有新闻价值的部分（新闻价值通俗来讲就是新闻中那些最突出，最新奇，最能吸引受众的部分），比如一场球赛刚刚结束，观众/读者/听众们最想知道的是结果，或者是某个球员的发挥情况，就先从这里写起。

其次，在报道主体中按照事件各个要素的重要程度，依次递减写下来，最后面的是最不重要的。同时注意，一个段落只写一个事件要素，不能一段到底。

因为这种格式不是符合事件发展的基本时间顺序，所以在写作时要尽量从受众的角度出发来构思，按受众对事件重要程度的认识来安排事件要素。因而需要长期的实践经验和宏观的对于受众的认识。

正金字塔式：此种写作方式刚好与「倒金字塔式」相反，是以时间发生顺序作为行文结构的写作方式，依序分别是引言、过程、结果，采渐入高潮的方式，将新闻重点摆在文末，一般多用于特写。

折衷式：又叫新华体。此种写作方式为倒金字塔式、正金字塔式的折衷，亦即，新闻中最重要的讯息仍然在导言中呈现，接著，则依新闻的时间性或逻辑性叙述。我们国家的新闻报道一般是遵循时间顺序，但是这种“讲故事”的写法已经不适合受众的阅读习惯（一般人没有时间听你讲长篇大论），所以“新华体”在吸收中外新闻报道之长的情况下诞生了。

新闻报道基本格式（除了标题）是：先把事件中最重要的部分在导语中简明地体现出来。

其次，在第二段进一步具体阐述导语中的这个重要部分，形成支持，不至于使受众在接受时形成心理落差。因而，第二段实际上是一个过渡性段落。

再次，按照事件发展的时间顺序把“故事”讲下来。

平铺直叙式：顾名思义，此种写作方式就是注重行文的起、承、转、合，力求文字的流畅精準。对教师组织而言，由于时常必须发表对特定教育政策、事件的看法，此种写作方式反而适合组织在发表声明时使用。

最近很流行一种叫做“华尔街日报体”（DEE）的格式，这个格式的主要特点就是在文首特写新闻事件中的一个“镜头”，一般是以一个人的言行为主，从而引出整个的新闻报道，比如央行关于房贷要加息的消息，新闻报道就可以从一个普通市民的住房贷款行为写起，比较能贴近实际，贴近群众，贴近生活。

标题对于新闻报道很重要，甚至都出现了一个标题就是一条报道的情况。因而，标题要提炼新闻事件的“精华”，把最吸引人的地方体现出来，同时要简洁。如果需要可以在主标题前加上引题，在其后加上副题。如果要写作比较长篇的调查性报道、深度报道，就要注意在文中按照事件叙述明晰的需要，适当加一些小的标题，以概括一个部分的内容，便于受众阅读（针对印刷媒体而言）。

除上述之外，要注意一些细节，比如文首要加电头，像“本报讯”；文中要尽量使用直接引语，尽量少地进行记者的观点表达；行文要流畅，不要艰涩等等。

四、专题新闻

所谓专题新闻，它既不是对一个固定人物的描述，也不是对一个独立事件的阐述，而是围绕一个主题，综合一个较大范围（一个地区、一条战线、一个单位），在一个时期内发生的事情，点面结合，反映全局。这种形式适用宣传各条战线的形势，某项工作的成就或者反映群众运动的声势、规模、特点、趋向。它纵览全局，有事实有分析，具有鲜明主题和指导性。

专题新闻在电视上占有很重要的位置。它在写作上并没有什么固定的模式，主要是由报道的内容和宣传形势的需要来决定。那么，怎样才能写好专题新闻呢？

一、要善于分析材料。由于综合性新闻不受某一具体事物发展的局限，可以在一个比较广阔的天地里，广泛地选用材料，游刃空间较大，所以，对大量的材料，作者一定要善于分析。如何进行分析？一是把杂乱纷繁的素材系统化。综合消息涉及的范围广、方面多，材料也就非常丰富。面对这大量的材料，作者一定要善于分析。恩格斯说过：“没有分析就没有综合。”我们写综合消息，要把材料分类排队，然后加以分析，弄清楚这材料哪些是主要的，哪些是次要的；哪些是说明本质的，哪些是只说明现象的；哪些是新鲜的，哪些是陈旧的。要分析出这些材料之间有些什么联系，能够说明一些什么问题，然后进行归纳、综合，提炼出大观点、小观点，使繁多的素材系统化。二是把报道的事实与全局联系起来。在分析材料的时候，把这些材料与贯彻党的路线、方针、政策联系起来，既站在全局的高度来报道局部，又从报道局部反映全局。这里讲的局部，对综合消息所报道的范围来说，又是一个“全局”。比如说，我们综合一个我县的农田水利建设情况，对这个县来说，是报道它的全局，但对全地区、全省来说，它又是一个局部。报道时不能只看到本县的实际情况，还要考虑到这些实际情况在更大范围内的地位与作用，这样才能知道选择什么，突出什么，使报道具有针对性。也就避免了就农田水利建设谈农田水利建设，而要联系整个形势、任务等来报道。三是把好的和一般的各类事实进行归纳比较。在分析综合材料时，要突出综合性。专题新闻既不是对一人一事的报道，也不是面对庞杂的材料有闻必录，统统写进消息中，而是把不同时间、不同地点、不同事件，归纳综合成一个有机体。当然，这种综合，必须是围绕分析一个问题或解决一个问题，对众多的单位或众多的事实进行系统的分析研究，把好的和一般的各类事实进行归纳比较，实事求是地选材用材，使人们对事物的发展有一个正确的理解，使之具有启发、提高受众认知作用。

二、要善于精选典型事例。专题新闻对事实的选择，应力求有个性，有代表性,有视角冲击力。只有这样，才能有说服力，有可看性,有指导性。

一是在选择事实的时候，既要着重客观实际，又要对实际工作的艰苦性、复杂性有一个全面的了解；既要抓住新问题，又要防止片面性；既要顾及事实的典型意义，又要考虑社会的客观效果。做到这些，就要认真做好采访工作，选择最有说服力的典型事例。

二是通过采访提炼出新颖的主题。专题新闻对事实的选择不同于事件性新闻，专题新闻时间跨度较长，空间跨度也较大，加上报道范围广、容易给人以陈旧之感。这就要在提炼新颖的主题上下功夫，巧妙地衔接时间与空间的跨度，力求以新的事实和数字为由头，使背景介绍、事实的综合能有一个最近距离的新闻依据，起到以新带旧的作用，使人有亲近感和新鲜感。当然不是把旧材料贴上新标签，换上新提法，对准新口径。这就是说既要选好典型材料，又要选好主题，才能用线索把珍珠串起来。

三是写作专题新闻时，一定要考虑到如何把它写,拍得耐看,耐听一点，吸引人一点。由于专题新闻材料繁多，跨度较大，加之要竭力为表述比较抽象的观点服务，所以，很容易写得枯燥乏味。要对所写的事物有个透彻的了解，有独特的见解和认识，这是写好专题新闻的基础。还要尽力把文字写得生动活泼一点，以求把抽象的观点在生动形象的文字表述下，增强其可看性,使受众过目不忘。

三、要善于概括材料。综合消息反映的内容比较丰富，范围比较广阔，因此材料就特别多，只有抓住事物的本质和特点，才能对事物作全面、高度的概括。概括事实要注意两点：

一是要准确。即准确地反映事物的全貌、特点、意义，不能轻率、浮夸，以点代面。语言要贴切，分寸要得当。还要中肯，不含含糊糊。

二是要形象。有的事实一经作者概括，就变得干干巴巴，没有什么感染力。要给人以具体、实在的感觉，有时可以以小见大，由近及远地反映全局，其时还可以用见闻式、感受式的写法来介绍全局的情况。

三是要全面。专题新闻最容易自觉不自觉地出现思想方法上片面性、绝对化，从而影响新闻的真实性。这是由于我们对材料的理解角度和认识水平不同，对同一事物可能得出不同的结论。也许我们主观上并不想说假话、说绝话，甚至选取的某一具体材料也确是客观的真实的，但由于思想方法上缺乏辩证法，所以说好一切都好，说坏一切都坏，结果导致以偏概全。因此，在写稿时，既要以事实概括，又不能以现象代替本质。说好的不可写成“足赤”、“完人”，坏的也不能概括为一无是处。我们看到一些通讯员写的综合新闻，常见的毛病是摆出一副指导的面孔，观点加例子，贴标签戴帽子，使读者不愿看，这种情况应当尽力避免。要对所写的事物有个透彻的了解，有独特的见解和认识，这是写好综合新闻的基础。还要尽力把文字写得生动活泼一点，以求把抽象的观点在生动形象的文字表述下，增强其可读性。

五、新闻专题

新闻专题是指与某一新闻事件或新闻话题相关的新闻集合，常用于网络或者电视媒体。

在网络媒体中，新闻专题通过网络连接来实现；

在电视媒体中，新闻专题一般表现为深度报道，不过在目前的实际新闻操作中，新闻专题实际上成为广告的代名词，以深度报道名义所做的广告。

新闻专题新闻专题具有新闻的实效性，又具有专题的详实和深度，故此称之为新闻专题。一般用来报道突发或者具有重要社会影响的新闻事件，通过深入挖掘，全方位的解读事件。往往会跟踪报道，具有延续性。

六、专题报道

专题报道是对现实生活中某些具有典型意义和较高新闻价值的新闻人物、事件、问题、社会现象等，进行记录调查分析解释评述等，深入系统而又生动反映其发生发展和结果及影响的全过程，揭示主题的深刻意义。这种报道类似报纸广播的通讯这一新闻体裁，是电视新闻深度报道的主要形式之一。

In the twinkling of an eye the summer is over, I know this summer for you with the usual meaning. This is a transition from high school to university, and a prelude to your maturity and independence.

I know a lot of people are excited and excited now. They are full of expectation and expectation for university life. At the same time, they will also have many doubts and worries, and dont know how to face many things. Actually, a year ago, when I first entered university, these puzzles were also on my side. I was always in a dilemma with many things and even sometimes made wrong decisions.

For a year, I have some things for some of their insights, perhaps the sentiment is too subjective, perhaps is wrong, is not suitable for you, but I still want to share with you, if I said not right, do not meet everyones mind, or to a lot of big family excuse, because it just represents my personal; but if I say, what word makes you get a tiny bit of inspiration or harvest, I will be the great honor, because it can get other peoples identity itself is a very comforting thing. Then, then, I will talk briefly about my personal feelings and opinions about some of the things in college life.

语言的特点

掌握应用文写作语言的特点，即语言的信实性、针对性、规范化和专门化

作者运用语言的能力，主要体现在对各种文体语言的敏感和自觉把握、开拓上。应用文因其要交流业务、传递信息、宣传政策、一探讨问题，甚至需录存凭证的实用要求，其语言必然具有一些自身的特点：

1、信实性

要使各种信息得到读者的信任，其语言就应信实可靠，去伪存真，弃浮留实，不言过其实，在真实中获得自己的生命。要做到语言的信实必须做到以下几点：

(1)要掌握表述的分寸。在当用与不当用、偏高与偏低、偏大与偏小之间加以区分;事物的范围、性质要描述和归纳得恰如其分。要求表述的含义清楚，词语的内涵、外延明确，一切会导致歧义、多义和似是而非的象征、隐喻等等都应在排除之列，以免引起误解而致误导。如"成绩"与"成就"之分，"错误"与"缺点"之分，"大多数"与"绝大多数"的不同，"部分"与"大部分"的界限。

(2)表现要诚达。"诚"，就是要求有实实在在的内容，不能空话连篇，言之无物;不能装腔作势，哗众取宠;"达"，就是要求语言能原原本本地把内容表达清楚，忌浮言、假话。如介绍商品，性质、功能、售后服务、价格等都须实事求是，不吹嘘、不护短，才能在感情上取得顾客的信任。那些"王婆卖瓜，自卖自夸"的花言巧语，那种动辄"领导世界新潮流"、"誉满全球"的陈词滥调只会失信于读者，最终削弱商品的竞争力。

(3)数字要精确，字词运用要恰当。借助极富科学性和说服力的数字，发现问题、分析问题、解决问题。但应慎重，不能混用。如数字发生变化时表达要清楚，"增加了多少"与"增加到多少"并不一样;有关数字的词语要概念明确，比如"以上"、"以下"、"不足"、"超过"、"小于"、"大于"的用法不应给读者造成疑窦，如不要在"100公斤以上的"、"100公斤以下的"之后给读者留下"100公斤的"该怎么办的问号。

2、针对性

即看对象说话。许多应用文的语言，受客观环境和政策法规的制约，都应看准表述对象，因人、因事、因时、因地而异，不可千篇一律。给领导看的，要求语言庄重，文字简约;给群众看的，则要求深入浅出，语言通俗;介绍一件商品，要注意具体的对象、环境、内容和要求，做到随机应变，以获得最佳的传播效果。针对性强，就能使文章有的放矢，有助于解决问题。

3、规范化和专门化

应用写作的语言不同于其他写作，以书面语言为主。尤其在某些文种中，如命令等，只能用书面语言而不能掺杂其他语体，并大量使用规范化、专门化的词语。体现出以下特点：

(1)具有词语的稳定性与选择性的统一。所谓词语的稳定性，是指某些固定的词语相对稳定地使用于某些应用文。如介绍信的开头总以"兹有"开启下文，许多公文的结尾都以"特此"收束全文。所谓词语的选择性大多数的应用文都有一套比较固定的规范性习惯用语，供人们在写作时选用。这些习惯用语多用于应用文的标题、开头、引文、过渡与结尾处。例如：开头用语中的鉴于、为、为了、由于、遵照、按照、根据、随着、兹有、奉、近来等;结尾用语中的本、为荷、为要、为盼、此令、此复、希即遵照执行、希酌情办理、现予公布。特此函达、以上报告，请审核、当否，请批示、以上妥否，请指示等。

(2)具有句法的稳定性和灵活性的统一。所谓句法的稳定性，是指某些类型的句子在应用文中占有很大的分量。如总结中要汇报情况，请示时要阐述原因，求职信中要作自我介绍等，主要使用陈述句。应用文在有所陈述的基础上，往往要提要求，无论是上级对下级，还是下级对上级。如"以上通知，请遵照执行"，"以上请求，望领导批准为荷"等等。所谓句法的灵活性，是指在稳定性的基础上，适当地求新、求变。灵活恰当地选用句式，可使行文变化多姿，从而增强文章语言的表达效果，增强文章的外在美。例如，对事物下定义时宜用长单句、判断句;叙述事物时宜用短句;发号施令时宜用短句、单句、主动句。总之，选用什么样的句式，要根据表述内容灵活掌握。

(3)力求简洁，具有庄重感。应用文中，经常使用一些文言词语，如常用的有"经、业经、业已、兹、兹有、兹将、特、者、荷、取、于、而、则、为、为此、与之、依、逾、至、其、亦、以、尚、须、未、予、示、之……"，可增强文章的庄重感。

(4)用图式替代语言文字。图式包括图、画、符号、照片、表格、公式等。在应用文特别是科技应用文中大量使用，成为一种常见的辅助书面语言，从而形成应用文语言的又一大特色。

下面是关于高考英文写作的技巧以及必备高分句型，希望对同学们有所帮助!

一、要善于模仿

一些同学的办法往往是背一堆范文，然后再到考场上进行一个“剪切”、“粘贴”的工作，真正的模仿重点永远要放在一定的句式结构上，而非个别的词汇。有一个句式说：“…for the simple reason that…”表示某种现象的原因是什么，用在高考写作中，我们就可以拿来解释为什么自行车在中国如此的流行：“The bicycle is very popular in China for the simple reason that…”。然而，很多同学一谈到原因仍然是“…because…”。如果要表示“总是能够”的概念，很多同学提笔就会写can always，但理想的句子应该是用双重否定表示强烈的肯定，用never fail to。

二、要灵活变通

在批改过上万份同学们英语作文中，经常能发现一些将中文生硬地翻译成英文的表达法。有一句话叫做“立志如山，行道如水”，写英文作文，一定要有决心把它写好，有信心把意思表达清楚，这是“立志如山”;但关键是遇到问题时要有个灵活的态度，能像流水一样变通解决问题。有个翻译界的故事说：在某大型国际会议的招待会上，一道菜是用鸡蛋做的。与会的客人问翻译：“What is it made of”本来是非常简单的一个问题，结果翻译太紧张，忘了“egg”这个词，但是他急中生智，回答：“It is made of Miss Hen’s son.”这里，就是一个灵活变通的范例。绕道表达，是写作中应该常常运用的一种方法。

三、要细心观察

注意英语中一些表达上的习惯。比如在正式文体的写作中，很少用 “it isn’t”这样的略缩形式，而往往是一板一眼地写作 “it is not”。同理，在正式文体中的日期一般不缩写，阿拉伯数字一般会用英文表达(特别长的数字除外)。

许多同学在写作文时，习惯于把 “since” “because” “for”这样的词放在句首引导原因状语从句。事实上，在我们见到的英语报刊杂志文章中，这样的从句一般都是放在主句之后的。另外, “and”也常常被误放在一句话的开头，表示两个句子之间的并列或递进关系。其实，经常留心地道的英语文章能发现，如果是并列关系，完全可以不用连词;如果是递进关系，用 “furthermore” “what is more”更为普遍。

四、要心有全局

英文写作如果结构意识良好，应试写作就简化成为一个填空的过程了，适当地填入观点、素材，文章就自然而然立起来了。

临考在即，同学们要牢记英语写作的基本要领，特编顺口溜如下：细审题，巧构思，列要点，防遗漏。写日记，同汉语;书信，通知格式要牢记。看清图表细梳理，写人记事按顺序;完稿后查遗漏，整洁干净莫忘记。

英语写作七类万能句型必备

一. 结尾万能句

Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that…

把所有这些因素加以考虑,我们自然会得出结论……

Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that…

考虑所有这些因素,我们可能会得出合理的结论……

Hence/Therefore, wed better come to the conclusion that…

因此,我们最好得出这样的结论……

There is no doubt that job-hopping has its drawbacks as well as merits.

毫无疑问,跳槽有优点也有缺点。

All in all, we cannot live without… But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.

总之,我们没有...…是无法生活的。但同时,我们必须寻求新的解决办法来对付可能出现的新问题。

二. 引出话题万能句

Recently, the problem of… has aroused peoples concern.

最近，……问题已引起人们的关注。

The Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.

互联网已在我们的生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。它给我们带来了许多好处,但也产生了一些严重的问题。

Nowadays, overpopulation has become a problem we have to face.

如今，人口过剩已成为我们不得不面对的问题了。

It is commonly believed that…=It is a common belief that … 人们一般认为……

Many people insist that…

很多人坚持认为……

With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that…

随着科技的发展，越来越多的人认为……

A lot of people seem to think that…

很多人似乎认为……

三. 引出观点万能句

Peoples views on…vary from person to person. Some hold that... However, others believe that…

人们对……的观点因人而异。有些人认为……，然而其他人却认为……

People may have different opinions on…

人们对……可能会有不同的见解。

Attitudes towards drugs vary from person to person.

对毒品的态度因人而异。

There are different opinions among people as to…

关于……，人们的观点大不相同。

Different people hold different attitudes toward failure.

对(失败)人们的态度各不相同。

四. 提出建议万能句

Here are some suggestions for handling…

这是处理......的一些建议。

The best way to solve the troubles is…

解决这些麻烦的最好办法是……

People have figured out many ways to solve this problem. 人们已想出许多办法来解决这个问题。

It is high time that we put an end to the trend.

该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了。

It is time to take the advice of… and to put special emphasis on the improvement of…

该是采纳……的建议并对……的进展给予特殊重视的时候了。

There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of…

毫无疑问，对……问题应予以足够的重视。

Obviously,… If we want to do something… , it is essential that…

显然，如果我们想做某事，很重要的是...…

Only in this way can we…

只有这样，我们才能……

It must be realized that …我们必须意识到……

五. 预示后果万能句

Obviously, if we don’t control the problem, the chances are that … will lead us in danger.

很明显，如果我们不控制这一问题,很有可能......会使我们会陷入危险。

No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that…

毫无疑问，除非我们采取有效措施，否则很可能……

It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation.

很紧迫的是，应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展。

六. 论证万能句

From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second.

在我看来，支持第一种观点比支持第二种观点更有道理。

I cannot entirely agree with the idea that…

我无法完全同意这一观点……

Personally, I am standing on the side of…

就个人而言，我站在……的一边。

I sincerely believe that…

我真诚地相信……

In my opinion, it is more advisable to do…than to do…

在我个人看来，做……比做……更明智。

Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why …

七. 给出原因万能句

This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons. First, … Second, … Third, …

这一现象的存在是有许多原因的。首先，……第二，……第三，……

Why did …? For one thing,... for another(thing),...

为什么......?一则，...... 二则，......

I quite agree with the statement that… The reasons are chiefly as follows.

我十分赞同这一论述,即……，其主要原因如下。

After entering college, we found, to our surprise, that differences between high school life and college life are great. In high school, we always depended on our parents and teachers to solve all kinds of difficult problems. At college, however, we have to rely exclusively on ourselves. Whats more, we have to learn how to get along with our classmates and roommates.

Four years at college is an important yet very short period of time in our life. So it is always expected that we adapt to this life as quickly as possible. But it is a pity that not everyone can do so immediately. Here are some suggestions.

First, get familiar with the main buildings on the campus. Spend one or two hours by yourself or with your classmates to go around the campus so that you can know the location of such important places as the library, the dining room, the post office, the clinic and classrooms. Next, try to be independent. Learn to do such things as making sound decisions on how to spend your time, how to spend your money etc, and washing clothes on your own. Furthermore, form good study habits. Talk with your classmates and learn from their good habits. Finally, try to take part in all kinds of activities to get out of your solitude and get on well with your classmates.

There are many different kinds of hobbies. Some people like collecting things. Others like sports , drawing, sewing or music.

A hobby is not only fun but also useful. It can help build your confidence. It makes your life more colourful. My hobby is gardening. I like to plant vegetables, fruit and flowers in my garden. I like working in my garden. It’s enjoyable and easy to learn.

I also like listening to music. When I am tired, I listen to some light music. I feel relaxed and happy.

All work and no play makes jack a dull boy. Do you have any hobbies

英语写作中有不少短语和表达大家会经常用到，下面我们就总结了100条常用的短语和表达句子，希望能给大家一些参考。

1. 经济的快速发展 the rapiddevelopment of economy

2.人民生活水平的显著提高/稳步增长theremarkableimprovement/ steady growth ofpeople’s livingstandard

3.先进的科学技术advanced science and technology

4.面临新的机遇和挑战 be faced with new opportunities and challenges

5.人们普遍认为 It is commonly believed/ recognized that…

6.社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social development

7.引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw publicattention

8.不可否认 Itis undeniable that…/ There is no denying that…

9.热烈的讨论/争论 a heated discussion/ debate

10.有争议性的问题 a controversialissue

11.完全不同的观点 a totally different argument

12.一些人 …而另外一些人 … Some people… while others…

13. 就我而言/ 就个人而言 As far as I am concerned, / Personally,

14.就…达到绝对的一致 reach an absolute consensus on…

15.有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons

16.双方的论点 argument on both sides

17.发挥着日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role in…

18.对…必不可少 be indispensableto …

19.正如谚语所说 As the proverb goes:

20.…也不例外 …be no exception

21.对…产生有利/不利的影响 exert positive/ negative effects on…

22.利远远大于弊 the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages。

23.导致，引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in

24.复杂的社会现象 a complicated social phenomenon

25.责任感 / 成就感 sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement

26. 竞争与合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation

27. 开阔眼界 widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision

28.学习知识和技能 acquire knowledge and skills

29.经济/心理负担 financial burden / psychologicalburden

30.考虑到诸多因素 take many factors into account/ consideration

31. 从另一个角度 from another perspective

32.做出共同努力 make joint efforts

33. 对…有益 be beneficial / conducive to…

34.为社会做贡献 make contributions to the society

35.打下坚实的基础 lay a solid foundation for…

36.综合素质 comprehensivequality

37.无可非议 blameless / beyond reproach

38.加大了…的可能性 increase the chances of

39.致力于/ 投身于 be committed / devoted to…

40. 应当承认 Admittedly

41.不可推卸的义务 unshakable duty

42. 满足需求 satisfy/ meet the needs of…

43.可靠的信息源 a reliablesource of information

44.宝贵的自然资源 valuable natural resources

45.因特网 the Internet (一定要由冠词，字母I

46.方便快捷 convenient andefficient

47.在人类生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life

48.环保(的) environmental protection /environmentallyfriendly

49.社会进步的体现 a symbol of society progress

50.科技的飞速更新 the ever-accelerated updating of scienceandtechnology

51.对这一问题持有不同态度 hold different attitudes towards this issue

52.支持前/后种观点的人 people / those in favor of theformer/latteropinion

53.有/ 提供如下理由/ 证据 have/ provide the followingreasons/evidence

54.在一定程度上 to some extent/ degree / in some way

55. 理论和实践相结合 integratetheory with practice

56. …必然趋势 an irresistible trend of…

57.日益激烈的社会竞争 the increasingly fierce social competition

58.眼前利益 immediate interest/ short-term interest

59.长远利益. interest in the long run

60.…有其自身的优缺点 … has its merits and demerits/ advantagesanddisadvantages

61.扬长避短 Exploit to the full one’s favorableconditions andavoidunfavorable ones

62.取其精髓，去其糟粕 Take the essence and discard the dregs。

63.对…有害 do harm to / be harmful to/ be detrimental to

64.交流思想/ 情感/ 信息 exchange ideas/ emotions/ information

65.跟上…的最新发展 keep pace with / catch up with/ keep abreastwiththe latest development of …

66.采取有效措施来… take effective measures to do sth。

67.…的健康发展 the healthy development of …

68.有利有弊 Every coin has its two sides。(不推荐用。。。) No gardenwithout weeds。

69.对…观点因人而异 Views on …vary from person to person。

70.重视 attach great importance to…

71.社会地位 social status

72.把时间和精力放在…上 focus time and energy on…

73.扩大知识面 expand one’s scopeof knowledge

74.身心两方面 both physically and mentally

75.有直接/间接关系 be directly / indirectly related to…

76. 提出折中提议 set forth a compromise proposal

77. 可以取代 “think”的词 believe, claim, hold the opinion/beliefthat

78.缓解压力/ 减轻负担 relievestress/ burden

79.优先考虑/发展… give (top) priority to sth。

80.与…比较 compared with…/ in comparison with

81. 相反 in contrast / on the contrary。

82.代替 replace/ substitute / take the place of 大写)

83.经不起推敲 cannot bear closer analysis / cannot hold water

84.提供就业机会 offer job opportunities

85. 社会进步的反映 mirror of social progress

86.毫无疑问 Undoubtedly, / There is no doubt that…

87.增进相互了解 enhance/ promote mutualunderstanding

88.充分利用 make full use of / take advantage of

89.承受更大的工作压力 suffer from heavier work pressure

90.保障社会的稳定和繁荣 guarantee the stability and prosperity ofoursociety

91.更多地强调 put more emphasis on…

92.适应社会发展 adapt oneself to the development of society

93.实现梦想 realize one’s dream/ make one’s dream come true

94. 主要理由列举如下 The main reasons are listed as follows:

95. 首先 First， Firstly， In the first place, To begin with

96.其次 Second, Secondly, In the second place

97. 再次 Besides，In addition, Additionally,Moreover,Furthermore

98. 最后 Finally, Last but not the least, Above all, Lastly,

99. 总而言之 All in all, To sum up, In summary, In a word,

100.我们还有很长的路要走 We still have a long way to go

在我们的英语写作过程中，如果能够很好的运用英语谚语，能给我们的作文带来亮点。下面是语文迷整理的高频谚语，一起来看看吧。

(一) Where there is a will，there is a way. 有志者事竟成。

(二) One false step will make a great difference. 失之毫厘，谬之千里。

(三) Slow and steady wins the race. 稳扎稳打无往而不胜。

(四) A fall into the pit，a gain in your wit. 吃一堑，长一智。

(五) Experience is the mother of wisdom. 实践出真知。

(六) All work and no play makes jack a dull boy. 只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。

(七) Beauty without virtue is a rose without fragrance.无德之美犹如没有香味的玫瑰，徒有其表。

(八) More hasty，less speed. 欲速则不达。

(九) Its never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。

(十) All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的未必都是金子。

(十一) Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。

(十二) God helps those who help themselves. 天助自助者。

(十三) Easier said than done. 说起来容易做起来难。

(十四) A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.千里之行始于足下。

(十五) Look before you leap. 三思而后行。

(十六) Rome was not built in a day. 伟业非一日之功。

(十七) Great minds think alike. 英雄所见略同。

(十八) well begun，half done. 好的开始等于成功的一半。

(十九) It is hard to please all. 众口难调。

(二十) Out of sight，out of mind. 眼不见，心不念。

(二十一) Do as Romans do in Rome. 入乡随俗。

(二十二) An idle youth，a needy age. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。

(二十三) As the tree，so the fruit. 种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。

(二十四) To live is to learn，to learnistobetterlive.活着为了学习，学习为了更好的活着。

(二十五) Facts speak plainer than words. 事实胜于雄辩。

(二十六) Call back white and white back. 颠倒黑白。

(二十七) First things first. 凡事有轻重缓急。

(二十八) Ill news travels fast. 坏事传千里。

(二十九) A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。

(三十) live not to eat，but eat to live. 活着不是为了吃饭，吃饭为了活着。

(三十一) Action speaks louder than words. 行动胜过语言。

(三十二) East or west，home is the best. 金窝银窝不如自家草窝。

(三十三) Its not the gay coat that makes the gentleman. 君子在德不在衣。

(三十四) Beauty will buy no beef. 漂亮不能当饭吃。

(三十五) Like and like make good friends. 趣味相投。

(三十六) The older， the wiser. 姜是老的辣。

Good morning/afternoon：

It is really my honor to have this opportunity for a interview. I hope I  can make a good performance today.My name is xx. I am 20 years old，born in a  little village in Southern Zhejiang. My parents are farmers,and I am the only  child. Though not well-to-do，the family always be hopeful. My major is  engineering technology. I will graduate in July，2011. I have some hobbies like  listening to music，swimming，and especially seeing western movies.

In the passed two years，I have learned some practical skills and gained  some major certificates. I paid more attention to learn Engling，and I have  passed CET4 in my efforts. I am looking forward to becoming a member of your  company . Thankyou!

对于英语科目的准备，学生要根据自己的情况，做不同的准备。”对于英语基础比较薄弱的学生来说，这个暑假与其进行先修，不如利用这点时间把小学的英语知识再巩固、复习一遍。很多新升入初一的学生，在用词方面有很多不规范的现象，比如单复数，人称、时态的变化，短语的固定搭配等，总是出现错误。这些问题都与基础掌握不牢有关系，有些学生觉得这都是小毛病，不注意，等到了写作文的时候，这些都是扣分的地方，他们可能因为这些问题最后作文只能得几分。

要克服这些问题，学生可以在这个暑假把小学的课本再从头学一遍，要做到学过的单词都会默写，固定搭配的用法掌握准确，对名词的词性掌握清楚。在这个过程中，家长可以督促孩子，每天出几道题考考他(她)，家长在检查时一定要保证孩子写的单词完全正确，不能说差不多就行了。”

对于英语基础比较好的学生，这个暑假可以在词汇准备方面多下点功夫，达到熟练掌握的程度，“初中知识难度系数增加，而且词汇量也加大，提前掌握好初中的词汇，对于今后的学习会有很大帮助。”

Protecting the Environment

With the improvement of our living standard, more and more people can afford a car. As a result, our roads are more often than not crammed with cars. However, with more and more waste gas being discharged by the cars, the problem of air pollution becomes even more serious. So nowadays we advocate to lead a low-carbon life.

My suggestion is we should ride bikes more often instead of driving cars.By riding a bike, we can not only exercise our body but also protect our environment. Why not have a try, my dear friends?

写作是最灵活的一种测试形式。写自己提前准备的表达是提分最有效的利器。下面是语文迷为大家提供的高分英语写作方法，希望对你有帮助。

一、“功能段落”突破CET写作

“To be or not to be: that is a question。”莎士比亚如是说。冲刺阶段，背模板还是不背?我的答案：背，但绝不是盲目地背。

整篇背诵模板不是最有效的方法，因为模板的写作思路是固定的，然而很多时候试题的命题思路可能与所背模板思路不同。因此，可能导致“所背非所考”，甚至导致文不对题，生搬硬套。

但是，无论四六级写作话题如何变化，一般都对应三个或两个汉语提纲。只要按提纲要求去写相应的内容段落，就做到了紧扣主题。历年写作提纲可以总结为六种功能段落：现象描述、危害分析(弊)、原因分析、建议措施、观点阐述(观点的本质为利弊：支持方观点等于分析“利”，反方观点等于分析“弊”)、意义阐述(利)。

下面，结合近年真题展示功能段落内容：

2011-06：Online Shopping

1.现在网上购物已成为一种时尚

2.网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题

3.我的建议

解析：本次四级作文对应四个段落分别是：现象、观点(利、弊)和建议。该类作文可以被称之为：观点对比型作文，对比的内容重点在利弊分析上。

2010-12：How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent?

1. 目前不少父母为孩子包办一切

2. 为了让孩子独立， 父母应该……

解析：该题目只有两个提纲：现象和建议，可以添加一个功能段落：原因。这样这篇作文就是“三段论”的形式：提出问题(负面现象描述)、分析问题(原因)、建议措施段。2010年6月CET也属于该种那类型。

2009-12：Creating a Green Campus

1. 建设绿色校园很重要

2. 绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境……

3. 为了建设绿色校园，我们应该……

解析：该段对应提纲如下：意义阐述(即分析：利或好处)、现象描述(解释绿色校园环境之外的因素)、建议措施段。

综合以上分析，六种功能段落已经涵盖住了以上考试的所有提纲。因此，如果能够掌握住六种功能段落的写作实际就掌握了四六级考试写作考题的最本质特征。那样的话，无论题目如何变化，我们准备都是有的放矢的。反观，死背模板容易导致生搬硬套，甚至文不对题。

二、写作短期提分方略

在了解了四六级考试在命题特点的基础上，考生在冲刺阶段最需要准备的是两个内容：思路和表达。思路解决怎么写的问题，表达解决写什么的问题。如果拿到一个作文题目，你知道应该按照什么思路去写，又知道应该写什么表达，这篇作文就已经成功了一半。

思路点拨：在本人所讲授的基础班、强化班、精品班等不同班型上都曾讲授到现象、原因、建议、利弊、观点分析时的逻辑：“一个中心，四个基本点”。具体内容：“以孩子(学生、事件)为中心，以家长[微博](老师、相关人员)、家庭(学校、管理机构)、社会、法规(道德意识)为基本点”。

试举例说明：以2010年12月真题为例，主题为子女教育话题。谈到子女，必然涉及到家长，孩子和家长组成家庭，千千万万的家庭组成社会，是什么在维护着社会稳定?法规和道德意识。这样我们就找到了可以入手去分析的五个方面：孩子、家长、家庭、社会、法规道德意识。如何使用这五个方面?比如分析家长溺爱孩子原因时至少可以从家长意识、家庭结构变化、社会背景角度去分析。

同理，2010年6月话题为学生英语学习，可从学生自身、教师教学、学校教学政策角度去分析。那么，如果主题不是孩子也不是学生，怎么分析?2011年6月主题为网络购物，分析时就以该事件为中心，可以想到相关人或物(买方：customers/clients/shoppers;卖方：online shops/stores;中间方：支付宝、淘宝等)，其管理机构(政府)、社会背景，相关法规是否健全等。

“一个中心，四个基本点”的分析逻辑形成一种立体化网状结构，考生运用该思维模式，只要能想到其中两到三点，思路问题即可迎刃而解。建议童鞋们首先将该思路背诵下来，以备将来可以在考场上灵活应用。

表达积累

表达分为四个层次：词句段篇。其中篇章层面只要按照提纲要求去组织文章即可，因此篇章方面不足为虑。段落方面按照“功能段落”的六种形式去识别，也小菜一碟。

词和句是表达的基本元素，也是语言质量的根本体现。在新东方教书的这几年中和参加四六级考试阅卷的经历中，看过无数学生的作文，深感学生词句方面能力的薄弱。同时结合过往教学中的成功案例，提出冲刺阶段表达积累的高效途径。

背写：思路+表达

很多同学考前也在背，背的滚瓜烂熟，脱口而出，觉得自己水平很牛!上了考场也顺利将文章写了出来，却得了一个很低的分数，为什么?因为单词都拼错了。冲刺阶段，请牢记：口头背诵得再好不等于能够写对。背写是提高写作和翻译唯一也是最有效的方法。

那么，背写什么内容哪?答案是思路和表达。思路上文中已有论述，遣词和造句的表达方面应该紧密结合功能段落来背诵有效句式和用词。考生不必刻意追求适用难词，但可以将常见词汇稍作替换：如，

exceedingly, extremely, intensely替换very;an army of/a great many/a host of 替换a lot of;advancement 替换 development; positive, favorable, promising(有希望的)， perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, superior替换good; give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换cause; harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that替换think; beneficial, rewarding替换helpful; bear in mind that替换remember; enjoy, possess替换have; shopper, client, consumer, purchaser替换customer……

表达精彩体现在三个方面：遣词、造句、连贯。大家可以结合以下例文感受这三个方面：

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minute to write a short essay on the topic of To Help or Not to Help. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow:

1. 帮助别人是一种美德

2. 但是帮助陌生人容易使自己陷入麻烦

3. 我的看法

首段阐述意义：In contemporary society, it should be a virtue for individuals to offer help to those who are in need. Without this morality, it is impossible for the society to be named “Harmony”. Apparently enough, it is of great importance/ significance/ value/ benefits for people to help each other, especially in difficulties。

二段描述负面现象：However, a host of people find it hard or troublesome to offer helps to strangers. We have been frequently informed that(A typical example is that) a warmhearted man —who lends a hand to an old lady—gets himself in trouble. Since helping others may trigger trouble, a few people refuse to offer help timely. And if we let/allow this situation to continue as it is now, we would not know where civilized society will be in the forthcoming future。

尾段我的看法或建议：As college students, we should bear in mind this virtue. However, it is essential that regulations should be worked out to support this virtue. In addition, it is suggested that we should offer aid to strangers in a safe way, such as dialing 12o or 110 for help. If we try our utmost to do so, the future of our society/ civilization will be promising, hopeful and rosy. (以上范文字数为202词，请自己酌情删减即可)

三、冲刺复习安排建议

总体原则：先背再写、阶段总结、适当模拟。

先背再写：基础较差同学一定要先背一些功能句式和教材相关范文，然后模仿该作文的思路和表达去写。背写的目的是积累语言表达实力，同时练习书写的公正和优美。建议书写较差的考生买本英语字帖练一下书写，也许你会有意外的惊喜。

阶段总结：每过一周就要问自己几个问题：所背诵的表达可以用来写什么类型的文章?该类文章的相关词汇或表达有什么?关键词如何避免重复?请记住：没有复习，没有巩固。

适当模拟：在熟练掌握背写了六种功能段落的思路和表达之后，可以结合适当题目在写作中运用所讲所背所总结提分词汇、句式。建议大家能够灵活运用，做到一例多用。比如我在多个班上讲过的关于英语学习的话题作文，可以写13次四级考试的作文。

题目：On English Learning

提纲：1. 英语学习很重要;2. 英语者所面临的困难;3. 如何学好英语

In contemporary world, English learning has gained great popularity and it is of great significance. (主题句) Firstly, based on a survey, a majority of tourists acknowledge that they prefer to speak English when traveling around the world. (调查法表述)Secondly, compared with the poor English speakers, good English-speakers are superior in many ways. (比较模板句式)

However, English learners may have a variety of difficulties or troubles in their learning. (主题句) For example, it can be noticed that a large number of students have difficulty memorizing words. Sometimes, it is difficult for them to understand the rules of grammar. In addition, though some are good at reading or writing, they can not express themselves freely in English。

Then, how to get a good command of (学好) this language? I am convinced that practice makes perfect. Only practice can enable one to speak and write fluently. And it is also through practice that one can master the rules of grammar and remember words, and there is no other way. (强调句式)

1.经济的快速发展 the rapid development of economy

2.人民生活水平的显著提高/ 稳步增长the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people’s living standard

3.先进的科学技术 advanced science and technology

4.面临新的机遇和挑战 be faced with new opportunities and challenges

5.人们普遍认为 It is commonly believed/ recognized that…

6.社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social development

7.引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention

8.不可否认 It is undeniable that…/ There is no denying that…

9.热烈的讨论/ 争论 a heated discussion/ debate

10. 有争议性的问题 a controversial issue

11.完全不同的观点 a totally different argument

12.一些人 …而另外一些人 … Some people… while others…

13. 就我而言/ 就个人而言 As far as I am concerned, / Personally,

14.就…达到绝对的一致 reach an absolute consensus on…

15.有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons

16.双方的论点 argument on both sides

17.发挥着日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role in…

18.对…必不可少 be indispensable to …

19.正如谚语所说 As the proverb goes:

20.…也不例外 …be no exception

21.对…产生有利/不利的影响 exert positive/ negative effects on…

22.利远远大于弊 the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages。

23.导致，引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in

24.复杂的社会现象 a complicated social phenomenon

25.责任感 / 成就感 sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement

26. 竞争与合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation

27. 开阔眼界 widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision

28.学习知识和技能 acquire knowledge and skills

29.经济/心理负担 financial burden / psychological burden

30.考虑到诸多因素 take many factors into account/ consideration

31. 从另一个角度 from another perspective

32.做出共同努力 make joint efforts

33. 对…有益 be beneficial / conducive to…

34.为社会做贡献 make contributions to the society

35.打下坚实的基础 lay a solid foundation for…

36.综合素质 comprehensive quality

37.无可非议 blameless / beyond reproach

39.致力于/ 投身于 be committed / devoted to…

40. 应当承认 Admittedly,

41.不可推卸的义务 unshakable duty

42. 满足需求 satisfy/ meet the needs of…

43.可靠的信息源 a reliable source of information

44.宝贵的自然资源 valuable natural resources

45.因特网 the Internet (一定要由冠词，字母I 大写)

46.方便快捷 convenient and efficient

47.在人类生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life

48.环保(的) environmental protection / environmentally friendly

49.社会进步的体现 a symbol of society progress

50.科技的飞速更新 the ever-accelerated updating of science and technology

51.对这一问题持有不同态度 hold different attitudes towards this issue

52.支持前/后种观点的人 people / those in fovor of the former/ latteropinion

53.有/ 提供如下理由/ 证据 have/ provide the following reasons/ evidence

54.在一定程度上 to some extent/ degree / in some way

55. 理论和实践相结合 integrate theory with practice

56. …必然趋势 an irresistible trend of…

57.日益激烈的社会竞争 the increasingly fierce social competition

58.眼前利益 immediate interest/ short-term interest

59.长远利益. interest in the long run

60.…有其自身的优缺点 … has its merits and demerits/ advantages and disadvantages

61.扬长避短 Exploit to the full one’s favorable conditions and avoid unfavorable ones

62.取其精髓，取其糟粕 Take the essence and discard the dregs。

63.对…有害 do harm to / be harmful to/ be detrimental to

64.交流思想/ 情感/ 信息 exchange ideas/ emotions/ information

65.跟上…的最新发展 keep pace with / catch up with/ keep abreast with the latest development of …

66.采取有效措施来… take effective measures to do sth

67.…的健康发展 the healthy development of …

68.有利有弊 Every coin has its two sides。

No garden without weeds。

69.对…观点因人而异 Views on …vary from person to person。

70.重视 attach great importance to…

71.社会地位 social status

72.把时间和精力放在…上 focus time and energy on…

73.扩大知识面 expand one’s scope of knowledge

74.身心两方面 both physically and mentally

75.有直接/间接关系 be directly / indirectly related to…

76. 提出折中提议 set forth a compromise proposal

77. 可以取代 “think”的词 believe, claim, maintain, argue, insist, hold the opinion/ belief that

78.缓解压力/ 减轻负担 relieve stress/ burden

79.优先考虑/发展… give (top) priority to sth。

80.与…比较 compared with…/ in comparison with

81. 相反 in contrast / on the contrary。

82.代替 replace/ substitute / take the place of

83.经不起推敲 cannot bear closer analysis / cannot hold water

84.提供就业机会 offer job opportunities

85. 社会进步的反映 mirror of social progress

86.毫无疑问 Undoubtedly, / There is no doubt that…

87.增进相互了解 enhance/ promote mutual understanding

88.充分利用 make full use of / take advantage of