大学英语写作基础答案【精彩19篇】

Good morning/afternoon：

It is really my honor to have this opportunity for a interview. I hope I  can make a good performance today.My name is xx. I am 20 years old，born in a  little village in Southern Zhejiang. My parents are farmers,and I am the only  child. Though not well-to-do，the family always be hopeful. My major is  engineering technology. I will graduate in July，2011. I have some hobbies like  listening to music，swimming，and especially seeing western movies.

In the passed two years，I have learned some practical skills and gained  some major certificates. I paid more attention to learn Engling，and I have  passed CET4 in my efforts. I am looking forward to becoming a member of your  company . Thankyou!

1.经济的快速发展 the rapid development of economy

2.人民生活水平的显著提高/ 稳步增长the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people’s living standard

3.先进的科学技术 advanced science and technology

4.面临新的机遇和挑战 be faced with new opportunities and challenges

5.人们普遍认为 It is commonly believed/ recognized that…

6.社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social development

7.引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention

8.不可否认 It is undeniable that…/ There is no denying that…

9.热烈的讨论/ 争论 a heated discussion/ debate

10. 有争议性的问题 a controversial issue

11.完全不同的观点 a totally different argument

12.一些人 …而另外一些人 … Some people… while others…

13. 就我而言/ 就个人而言 As far as I am concerned, / Personally,

14.就…达到绝对的一致 reach an absolute consensus on…

15.有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons

16.双方的论点 argument on both sides

17.发挥着日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role in…

18.对…必不可少 be indispensable to …

19.正如谚语所说 As the proverb goes:

20.…也不例外 …be no exception

21.对…产生有利/不利的影响 exert positive/ negative effects on…

22.利远远大于弊 the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages。

23.导致，引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in

24.复杂的社会现象 a complicated social phenomenon

25.责任感 / 成就感 sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement

26. 竞争与合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation

27. 开阔眼界 widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision

28.学习知识和技能 acquire knowledge and skills

29.经济/心理负担 financial burden / psychological burden

30.考虑到诸多因素 take many factors into account/ consideration

31. 从另一个角度 from another perspective

32.做出共同努力 make joint efforts

33. 对…有益 be beneficial / conducive to…

34.为社会做贡献 make contributions to the society

35.打下坚实的基础 lay a solid foundation for…

36.综合素质 comprehensive quality

37.无可非议 blameless / beyond reproach

39.致力于/ 投身于 be committed / devoted to…

40. 应当承认 Admittedly,

41.不可推卸的义务 unshakable duty

42. 满足需求 satisfy/ meet the needs of…

43.可靠的信息源 a reliable source of information

44.宝贵的自然资源 valuable natural resources

45.因特网 the Internet (一定要由冠词，字母I 大写)

46.方便快捷 convenient and efficient

47.在人类生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life

48.环保(的) environmental protection / environmentally friendly

49.社会进步的体现 a symbol of society progress

50.科技的飞速更新 the ever-accelerated updating of science and technology

51.对这一问题持有不同态度 hold different attitudes towards this issue

52.支持前/后种观点的人 people / those in fovor of the former/ latteropinion

53.有/ 提供如下理由/ 证据 have/ provide the following reasons/ evidence

54.在一定程度上 to some extent/ degree / in some way

55. 理论和实践相结合 integrate theory with practice

56. …必然趋势 an irresistible trend of…

57.日益激烈的社会竞争 the increasingly fierce social competition

58.眼前利益 immediate interest/ short-term interest

59.长远利益. interest in the long run

60.…有其自身的优缺点 … has its merits and demerits/ advantages and disadvantages

61.扬长避短 Exploit to the full one’s favorable conditions and avoid unfavorable ones

62.取其精髓，取其糟粕 Take the essence and discard the dregs。

63.对…有害 do harm to / be harmful to/ be detrimental to

64.交流思想/ 情感/ 信息 exchange ideas/ emotions/ information

65.跟上…的最新发展 keep pace with / catch up with/ keep abreast with the latest development of …

66.采取有效措施来… take effective measures to do sth

67.…的健康发展 the healthy development of …

68.有利有弊 Every coin has its two sides。

No garden without weeds。

69.对…观点因人而异 Views on …vary from person to person。

70.重视 attach great importance to…

71.社会地位 social status

72.把时间和精力放在…上 focus time and energy on…

73.扩大知识面 expand one’s scope of knowledge

74.身心两方面 both physically and mentally

75.有直接/间接关系 be directly / indirectly related to…

76. 提出折中提议 set forth a compromise proposal

77. 可以取代 “think”的词 believe, claim, maintain, argue, insist, hold the opinion/ belief that

78.缓解压力/ 减轻负担 relieve stress/ burden

79.优先考虑/发展… give (top) priority to sth。

80.与…比较 compared with…/ in comparison with

81. 相反 in contrast / on the contrary。

82.代替 replace/ substitute / take the place of

83.经不起推敲 cannot bear closer analysis / cannot hold water

84.提供就业机会 offer job opportunities

85. 社会进步的反映 mirror of social progress

86.毫无疑问 Undoubtedly, / There is no doubt that…

87.增进相互了解 enhance/ promote mutual understanding

88.充分利用 make full use of / take advantage of

一篇完备的医学论文应该具有科学性、首创性、逻辑性和有效性。 小编收集了医学论文基础写作，欢迎阅读。

1.医学论文的基本特性

一篇完备的医学论文应该具有科学性、首创性、逻辑性和有效性。

1.1 科学性： 这是科技论文必须具有的首要条件，是它与其他文学、艺术、神学等文章的根本区别。科学性就依靠实验方法，得出可靠的数据和结果并加以论证，提出新的立论或观点。如果论文的实验方法无可复性，实验数据存在拼凑嫌疑，也就是说他人重复实验后不能得出相同的结果或结论，这就不具备科学性。

1.2 首创性：这是科技论文的灵魂和被录用的最具说说服力的依据。首创性是前人尚未发现的事物或尚未完成的实验。科技论文的关键是求异而非求同，重复与模仿前人的实验，就会使科技论文丧失生命力和发表价值。诚然，在某些特殊情况下，重复也是必要的。

1.3 逻辑性：这是科技论文写作水平的具体体现。一篇逻辑性强的医学论文应该是脉络清晰、结构严谨、推论合理、前后呼应。如果论文写作杂乱无章、偏离主题，对实验结果没有科学的推理分析，只有一堆的原始数据，即使该项研究是科学的、前人没有发现的，它也不能是一篇好的科技论文。

1.4 有效性：这是科技论文的发表方式。科技论文只有通过同行专家审评或在学术会上答辩通过或在科技刊物上发表，才具有有效性和被认可。

2.医学论文的构成

论证型医学论文应该由文题(篇名)、著者、摘要、关键词、正文(前言、材料方法、结果、讨论)、图说明、参考文献等几部分组成。

2.1 文题：应尽可能简明扼要、突出主体并包括主要的关键词。我国的科技期刊论文题名用字一般不超过20个汉字，外文题名一般不超过10个实词。如因题名用字受限而表达之意未尽时可以用副题名，但应尽量避免使用副题名，题名还应避免使用化学结构式、英文缩写、简称等。

2.2 著者：应该是该项研究或实验的主要参与者，能对发表内容的科学性负有责任，并能对读者的讯问作出适当的回答。为了要名誉或凑论文篇数而没有参加实际工作只是挂名，这种行为不可取。科技论文著者署名应用真实姓名，不用笔名[1]，人数以不超过6人为宜。如果著者不是同一单位，应在著者姓名的右上角加注不同的阿拉伯数字序号，并在其工作单位名称前加注与作者姓名序号相同的数字。中国著者姓名的汉语拼音采用姓前名后，中间空格，姓氏的全部字母均大写，复姓应连写;名字的首字母大写，双名中间加连字符[2]。在实验过程中给予帮助或参加常规工作的人员不应按著者身份署名，可以在文末以致谢的方式对他们的工作给予感谢。通讯作者是指该项研究或实验的负责人。

2.3 摘要：应简明、准确地提供论文梗概，不加评论和补充解释，使读者一看即对全文有所了解。医学论文摘要应以报道性摘要形式、单数第三人称陈述，不要使用“本人”、“作者”等。采用结构式四要素书写，即在行文中标出：目的(objective)、方法(methods) ，结果(results)，结论(conclusion)。中文摘要不宜超过400字，英文摘要不宜超过250个实词。英文摘要尽可能与中文摘要一致亦或较之略详。注意英文书写中不要用“～”号和“、”号，因为英文中没有这两个符号。摘要中不要使用图、表等，避免使用不常用的缩写。

2.4 关键词：是反映论文主题及特征的专业术语。可以给出4～6个，不超过8个，应尽量采用《医学主题词表》和《MeSH》中的规范性词，也可以用未被收录的新产生的专业术语。中、英文关键词应一致。

2.5 分类号：是为了便于论文进行统计、分类、检索而新立的项目。应根据论文的主要关键词，依照《中国图书馆分类法》(第4版)进行分类，可选1～2个分类号。

2.6 前言：是论文的开场白，应简明扼要地说明研究或实验的目的和意义，可简明介绍论文的背景和理论依据，也可适当引用过去的重要文献，作为研究设计的依据。但不要轻易用“文献未见报道”、“国内外首创”等写法，以留有余地，以200～400字为宜。

2.7 材料和方法：这是别人能够重复实验的重要依据。应对实验选择的对象、所用的材料和采取的方法进行必要的说明。例如：动物的性别、重量、数量，试剂的化学名称(不要用商品名称)和计量单位(涉及到浓度时统一用升表示基准单位的分母，如μg/ml应换算成mg/L，ng/ml换算成μg/L，pg/ml换算成ng/L)[3]。时间天、时、分、秒应分别用英文字母d、h、min、s表示，而年、月、周用汉字而不用英文字母表示。材料和方法的叙述应以他人可以重复实验为度，常规方法可简述或引用文献，新方法或特殊方法应详细叙述。

医学论文应重视研究中的对比、随机和重复，进行前瞻性的研究，以保证研究结果的客观性。动物实验应严格分组，在种系、性别、年龄、体重、健康等方面应力求一致，并应进行随机分组和设置对照。每组动物应达到一定的数量。各组实验方法之间应力求只有一项规定的变动因素，并且有明确的观察指标

2.8 结果：这是论文的关键部分。研究或实验的新进展、新发现，应在结果中体现出来。结果应对实验得到的各种数据进行归纳分析，并进行统计学处理得出结论，然后用文字及图、表等表示出来，但不要用图或表重复反映同一组数据。结果应真实、准确，不能虚假或模凌两可，结果中不应进行讨论。

统计学字符均应用斜体，如P值，t检验等、均值标准差应用x±s，均值标准误应用x±sx。

2.9 讨论：是对研究和实验进行的评价和总结。讨论一定要紧紧围绕着研究和实验结果进行，突出新发现和新观点，不应满足于与他人的报道“相一致、”“相符合”，讨论还应前后呼应、客观、实事求是并留有余地，对他人相关的研究结果可以用引文献的方式交代，但不应进行讨论，以免偏离主题。

2.10图版和图版说明：图版的好坏是反映医学形态学期刊质量的重要方面。

2.10.1线条图绘制一定要清晰、准确，可用计算机绘制也可用硫酸纸墨绘，横纵坐标上的刻度应在坐标的内侧，坐标的文字说明应在外侧，绘制曲线时，不同浓度、剂量或时间的坐标点可相同而曲线可分别用虚线、实线、点线等表示。图中的文字和图说明应中英文对照。表格均应制成三线表，表题及表中文字也应中英文对照。

2.10.2图版：形态学的照片应清晰、反差适度，图版制作应整齐美观，大16开本的图版要求：宽≤17cm，高≤22cm，图与图间距约1mm，图中的结构应用箭头或字符标示，图的左下角应附有标尺，右下角应用4号宋体字标出图的序号。

2.10.3图版说明：是对图的解释。应简明扼要、重点突出，主要描述新的发现或与他人发现的不同之处，众所周知的或教科书中已有的不必赘述。图版说明应中英文对照并尽可能保持一致。

2.11参考文献：是反映论文的科学依据和尊重他人研究成果而向读者提供文中引用有关资料的出处。引用的文献应是作者直接阅读过的，不要用转引文献，尽可能不引用文摘。内部刊物、资料汇编、私人通信和未发表的著作均不能作为参考文献引用。文献引用条目不应过多，论文一般不超过15条，综述一般不超过40条，短篇报道不超过5条。

著录格式采用1979年在蒙特利尔会议上修改通过的温哥华格式，即：

期刊参考文献著录内容及标点符号依次为：作者(列出前3位姓名，无论中、西文姓名均姓在前、名在后，西文姓用全称，首字母大写，名用缩写字母大写，每名之间用豆号隔开，3人以上用“等”或“et al”表示。文题(如有副题，中、日文文献两题之间符号同原文，无符号者副题加圆括号;西文的主副题之间用冒号隔开，主题首字母大写，副题首字母小写)。刊名(西文缩写应参照《Cumulated Index Medicus》 的缩写法 )，年份，卷[如为增刊，则在卷后加圆括号标注“(增刊)”或“(suppl)”字样,并在括号内标出增刊号码]，期，起页～止页。

参考文献类型标识：专著为M，期刊文章为J，论文集为C，报纸文章为N，学位论文为D，报告为R，标准为S，专利为P。标识应放在文题之后。例如：

[1]Hamilton RB,Ellenberger H,Liskowsky K,et al.Parabrachial area as mediator of bradycardia in rabbits[J].J Auton Nerv Syst,1981,4(2):261-281.

[2]赵钧铭，褚建新，丁顺利，等.bcl-2基因转染小鼠造血干细胞重建造血的生物学特性[J].中华医学杂志，1999，79(1)50～53.

书籍索引格式分两种，其著录内容及标点符号依次为：(1)编者(列名同期刊，但姓名后应用逗号加写“主编”或“ed”，“eds”)，书名，卷次(西文用“vol)，版次(西文用“ed”，第1版不写)，出版地：出版商，年份，起页～止页。(2)作者，文题，见(西文用“in”)：编者，书名，卷次，版次，出版地：出版商，年份，起页～止页。例如：

[1]贲长恩，李叔庚，主编.实用酶组织化学[M].长沙：湖南科学技术出版社，1996：195～198.

[2]Paget GE,Barnes JM.Surface area ration of some common laboratory animal species and man.In: Laurence DR,Bacharat AL,eds.Evaluation of Drug Actions:pharmacometrics,[M].vol.1.New York:Academy Press,1964:161-163.

综述所引参考文献的形式基本同上述，但参考文献可不列文题。例如：

[1]Medvinsky A,Dzierzak E.[J].Cell,1996,86(6):897-899.

[2]裘奇，刘志红.[J].肾脏病与透析肾移植杂志，1997，6(3)：246～248.

参考文献的正确书写是一项细致、繁杂的工作，应该认真对待。

3.其他文章的书写

3.1 短篇报道：短篇报道的格式基本同论文，但要求全文在3 000字以内，结果和讨论合并书写，参考文献引用不超过5条。

3.2 研究通讯：它是将最新的研究结果以通讯报道的形式快速发表。它的书写不需要“摘要”、“前言”、“材料和方法”、“结果”和“讨论”的段式，可将以上内容简明扼要、一气呵成书写成文。全文不超过600字，不附图、不引参考文献。

4.应注意的问题

4.1 阿拉伯数字的使用：(1)凡是可以使用阿拉伯数字而且不会造成歧义的地方均应使用阿拉伯数字; (2)世纪、年代、年、月、日、时刻要用阿拉伯数字(年份必须用全称);(3)科学计量和具体统计意义的数字要用阿拉伯数字(凡在计量单位和计数单位前面的数字，包括9以下的个位数字，除个别特例外均应使用阿拉伯数字，包括整数、小数、分数、百分数、约数);(4)序数词和编号中的数字应用阿拉伯数字;(5)千位数以上的数字，废除千位撇(，)，改用3位分节法，即每3位空1/4格。

4.2标题层次的书写：标题层次一律用阿拉伯数字连续编号(材料和方法、结果、讨论的编号不连续。)层次一般不超过4层，不同层次数字间加下圆点相隔，如：1.、1.1、1.1.1、(1)。

一项有价值的科研成果，如果最后完成于一篇富有科学性、逻辑性，结构严谨，书写通顺的科技论文，那它将迅速被科技期刊发表。反之，则将延误刊出时间，甚至会失去研究成果的首创性，而被他人先期发表，使自己的劳动成果功亏一篑。所以不仅要重视科学研究，而且也要重视科技论文的书写，做一个能文能武的科研工作者。

China has often been criticized for the rampant practice of software piracy. Take a look around. We operate on pirated Windows systems, defend PC security with pirated Kaspersky anti-virus programmes, process files with pirated Microsoft Office, draft 3D designs with pirated AutoCAD, refine pictures with pirated Adobe Photoshop, and study English with pirated Kingsoft’s electronic dictionaries and translators. It’s no exaggeration that pirated software is everywhere。

The logic behind the phenomenon is simple and clear: if a pirated copy is available for just a tiny fraction of the normal price, not to speak of many of the free downloads online, who would pay for an authentic copy? Cheaper prices aside, easy access is another important factor. With such a large gathering of pirated upgrades around, who would bother to spend time and money searching the stores for an authorized yet outdated version?

Despite these apparent benefits, the practice of software piracy should be banned, because it represents unfair competition and by nature it’s a no-win situation. But how? Two approaches are to be taken at the same time: Technically, software developers should enhance their antipiracy engineering, so that cracking the software should be virtually impossible. And legally, the government should also tighten its antipiracy laws and toughen up the penalties, so that violations should be costly。

My name is Simon. Im 24 years old now. Im from Changsha University. I major in English, because I have the gift for language study.

我叫西蒙。我现在已经24岁了。我来自长沙大学。我的专业是英语，因为我有学习语言的天赋。

In my opinion, English is well-known all around the world. If I can speak excellent English, I could travel to everywhere in the world without language barriers. Now I can speak English like an American. Most of my classmates always envy my oral English.

在我看来，英语是全世界都出名的。如果我能讲一口流利的英语，我可以没有语言障碍在世界各地旅行。现在我英语说得像美国人一样。我的大多数同学都羡慕我的英语口语。

I like traveling very much. Through traveling, I can widen my perspective and know more about our world. Now I have been to so many cities, such as Guangzhou, Zhuhai, and Zhongshan. These cities are nice, clean and modern.

我非常喜欢旅游。通过旅游我可以开阔我的视野更加的了解这个世界。我到现在为止去过很多城市，如广州，珠海，中山。这些城市是很好，干净的和现代化的。

I think Im easy-going and hard-working. When Im at work, I always try my best to do everything well. I never let others do anything that I can do, and I never put off todays work to tomorrow. When you have difficulties, I’m eager to give you a hand if Im able to. I hope I can be your best friend.

我很随和也很勤奋。工作时，我总会尽我最大的努力把一切事情办好。 我不会让别人来替我做我能做的事情，我从来不会把今天的工作留到明天。当你有困难时，如果可以的话我很愿意帮忙。我希望我能成为你最好的朋友。

[大学自我介绍英语作文

一、首段

第一段四个句子,第一句宏观描述图画,并谈图画看似可笑但发人深思.第二句写出图画最强烈的视觉效果,第三句是主题句,谈用二十个单词的爆发力句型谈该现象对个人的发展和进步有破坏性,并引发思考,第四句是用贬义词批判这个现象是强烈的指责。

1、As is vividly depicted in the picture, which seems to be humorous and ridiculous but thought-provoking on second thoughts.

2、The most striking feature that impresses me deeply is that unbelievably,

3、Recent few years has witnessed a phenomenon of 主题 which seems to be disastrous to individual survival and prosperity.

4、This phenomenon of 主题 should be condemned severely or made illegal.

二、中间段落

中间段落从两方面论证问题的危害，并举例论证，预测危害的趋势

第二段七个句子,首先第一句从宏观上谈这种现象的总的有两到三个点危害或者原因,第二句谈这个现象的第一个危 害,用 “not only, but also”的五星级句子,通常是谈对个人身心健康的危害性, 第三个句子谈第二个危害,通常是用一个豪华级的比较级的句子,让老师耳目一新,通常是谈这个现象对社会的危害.第四个句子谈对家庭或学校的危害.第五个句 子谈一个代替 “for example”的十五个单词的好句子,意思是说没有更好的例子来证明正如下文.第六个句子是例子群体的出现,谈根据一项调查表明,80%以上的人只要从 事经历过这个消极的现象一定会对个人在精神和生活上有危害.最后一句话是预测趋势的二十五个单词的钻石级的句子,谈以下预测趋势,表明这种现象再这样下 去,就会导致恶劣的结果出现,甚至是毁灭性的后果。

1、To account for the above-mentioned phenomenon, several serious effects have been put forward.

2、To begin with,主题 not only results does harm to our physical and mental health but also results in a frustrating and humiliating life.

3、In addition, nothing is more harmful than主题 to contradict with a harmonious society.

4、Last but not the least, no issue is as harmful as 主题 to increase family burdens, which is a threatening situation we are unwilling to see.

5、No better illustration of this idea can be thought than the example mentioned below .

6、According to a survey made by China Daily, 63.93% of young people who have ever experienced主题will live a dull life or even feel loss of hope about the future.

7、If we cannot take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable results may come out unexpectedly, we will see the gloomy future of something.

三、结尾段落

最后一段要强调解决问题，谈的两点建议通常是提高人们的意识，加强执法

第三段六个句子, 第一个句子是下个结论,谈解决问题的必要性.第二个句子是第一个建议谈的是加强立法惩治这个现象,第三个句子谈提高人们的觉悟关于着这个现象能提高人们对 这个现象的觉悟.第四个句子谈个谚语,谈一下实践我的建议的重要性.五个句子谈解决的任重道远.第六个句子是解决问题之后的美好的未来。

1、From what have been discussed above, it is therefore, necessary that some effective measures are taken to prevent主题.

2、On the one hand, we should be sensible to strengthen the enforcement of the laws to protect something.

3、On the other hand, it is demanding for us to keep people aware of the importance of saving somebody out of the evil hands of destruction.

4、However, it is easier said than done.

5、Although the fight against it is long-standing and tremendous one,our efforts will eventually pay off.

6、Only when you attention to it can you see a colorful and harmonious future better sooner or later.

I woke up early this morning. I went out to play with my neighbor. We watched cartoon at his home. After I went home about 4 Oclock in the afternoon, I helped my mother to do some house work. She is very happy so I am happy too.

一个句子必须按照一定的模式来组织，这个模式称为句式。下面是语文迷为大家提供的高考英语写作优秀句式，供大家参考。

1) on the other hand, the contribution of day schools cant be ignored.

2) due to high tuition fee, most of ordinary families cannot afford to send their children to boarding schools.

3) since it is unnecessary to consider students routinelife, day school can lay stress on teaching instead of other aspects, such as management of dormitory and cafeteria.

4) furthermore, students living in their own home would have access to a comfortable life and have more opportunities to communicate with their parents, which have beneficial impact on development of their personal character.

5) from what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that both of day schools and boarding schools are important to train young students for our society.

6) there is much discussion over science and technology. one of the questions under debate is whether traditional technology and methods are bound to die out when a country begins to develop modern science and technology.

7) According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.

8) The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.

9) No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.

10) People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.

11) An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.

12) When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.

13) Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a persons physical fitness.

14) Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful

15) An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution.

16) Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus, which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers.

17) There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.

18) An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement.

19) A proper part-time job does not occupy students too much time. In fact, it is unhealthy for them to spend all of time on their study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

20) Any government, which is blind to this point, may pay a heavy price.

21) Nowadays, many students always go into raptures at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin. Unfortunately, for most young people, it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus.

22) In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get worse.

23) The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.

24) It is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to face the dangers of starvation and exposure.

25) Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.

26) No one can deny the fact that a persons education is the most important aspect of his life.

27) People equate success in life with the ability of operating computer.

28) In the last decades, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.

29) In fact, we have to admit the fact that the quality of life is as important as life itself.

30) We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.

31) People believe that computer skills will enhance their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.

32) The information Ive collected over last few years leads me to believe that this knowledge may be less useful than most people think.

33) Now, it is generally accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduation.

34) This is a matter of life and death--a matter no country can afford to ignore.

35) For my part, I agree with the latter opinion for the following reasons:

36) Before giving my opinion, I think it is important to look at the arguments on both sides.

37) This view is now being questioned by more and more people.

38) Although many people claim that, along with the rapidly economic development, the number of people who use bicycle are decreasing and bicycle is bound to die out. The information Ive collected over the recent years leads me to believe that bicycle will continue to play extremely important roles in modern society.

39) Environmental experts point out that increasing pollution not only causes serious problems such as global warming but also could threaten to end human life on our planet.

40) In view of such serious situation, environmental tools of transportation like bicycle are more important than any time before.

41) Using bicycle contributes greatly to peoples physical fitness as well as easing traffic jams.

42) Despite many obvious advantages of bicycle, it is not without its problem.

43) Bicycle cant be compared with other means of transportation like car and train for speed and comfort.

44) From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that advantages of bicycle far outweigh its disadvantages and it will still play essential roles in modern society.

45) There is a general discussion these days over education in many colleges and institutes. One of the questions under debate is whether education is a lifetime study.

46) This issue has caused wide public concern.

47) It must be noted that learning must be done by a person himself.

48) A large number of people tend to live under the illusion that they had completed their education when they finished their schooling. Obviously, they seem to fail to take into account the basic fact that a persons education is a most important aspect of his life.

49) As for me, Im in favor of the opinion that education is not complete with graduation, for the following reasons:

50) It is commonly accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduate.

51) Even the best possible graduate needs to continue learning before she or he becomes an educated person.

52) It is commonly thought that our society had dramatically changed by modern science and technology, and human had made extraordinary progress in knowledge and technology over the recent decades.

53) For lack of distinct culture, some places will not attract tourists any more. Consequently, the fast rise in number of foreign tourists may eventually lead to the decline of local tourism.

54) There is a growing tendency for parents to ask their children to accept extra educational programs over the recent years.

55) This phenomenon has caused wide public concern in many places of world.

56) Many parents believe that additional educational activities enjoy obvious advantage. By extra studies, they maintain, their children are able to obtain many kinds of practical skills and useful knowledge, which will put them in a beneficial position in the future job markets when they grow up.

57) In the first place, extra studies bring about unhealthy impacts on physical growth of children. Educational experts point out that, it is equally important to take some sport activities instead of extra studies when children have spent the whole day in a boring classroom.

58) Children are undergoing fast physical development; lack of physical exercise may produce disastrous influence on their later life.

59) In the second place, from psychological aspect, the majority of children seem to tend to have an unfavorable attitude toward additional educational activities.

60) It is hard to imagine a student focusing their energy on textbook while other children are playing.

61) Moreover, children will have less time to play and communicate with their peers due to extra studies, consequently, it is difficult to develop and cultivate their character and interpersonal skills. They may become more solitary and even suffer from certain mental illness.

62) From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that, although extra studies indeed enjoy many obvious advantages, its disadvantages shouldnt be ignored and far outweigh its advantages. It is absurd to force children to take extra studies after school.

63) Any parents should place considerable emphasis on their children to keep the balance between play and study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

64) There is a growing tendency for parent these days to stay at home to look after their children instead of returning to work earlier.

65) Parents are firmly convinced that, to send their child to kindergartens or nursery schools will have an unfavorable influence on the growth of children.

66) However, this idea is now being questioned by more and more experts, who point out that it is unhealthy for children who always stay with their parents at home.

67) Although parent would be able to devote much more time and energy to their children, it must be admitted that, parent has less experience and knowledge about how to educate and supervise children, when compared with professional teachers working in kindergartens or nursery schools.

68) From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that, although the parents desire to look after children by themselves is understandable, its disadvantages far outweigh the advantages.

69) Parents should be encouraged to send their children to nursery schools, which will bring about profound impacts on children and families, and even the society as a whole.

70) Many leaders of government always go into raptures at the mere mention of artistic and cultural projects. They are forever talking about the nice parks, the smart sculptures in central city and the art galleries with various valuable rarities. Nothing, they maintain, is more essential than such projects in the economic growth.

71) But is it really the case? The information Ive collected over last few years leads me to believe that artistic and cultural projects may be less useful than many governments think. In fact, basic infrastructure projects are playing extremely important role and should be given priority.

72) Those who are in favor of artistic and cultural projects advocate that cultural environment will attract more tourists, which will bring huge profits to local residents. Some people even equate the build of such projects with the improving of economic construction.

73) Unfortunately, there is very few evidence that big companies are willing to invest a huge sums of money in a place without sufficient basic projects, such as supplies of electricity and water.

74) From what has been discussed above, it would be reasonable to believe that basic projects play far more important role than artistic and cultural projects in peoples life and economic growth.

75) Those urban planners who are blind to this point will pay a heavy price, which they cannot afford it.

76) There is a growing tendency these days for many people who live in rural areas to come into and work in city. This problem has caused wide public concern in most cities all over the world.

77) An investigation shows that many emigrants think that working at city provide them with not only a higher salary but also the opportunity of learning new skills.

78) It must be noted that improvement in agriculture seems to not be able to catch up with the increase in population of rural areas and there are millions of peasants who still live a miserable life and have to face the dangers of exposure and starvation.

79) Although rural emigrants contribute greatly to the economic growth of the cities, they may inevitably bring about many negative impacts.

80) Many sociologists point out that rural emigrants are putting pressure on population control and social order; that they are threatening to take already scarce city jobs; and that they have worsened traffic and public health problems.

81) Now people in growing numbers are beginning to believe that learning new skills and knowledge contributes directly to enhancing their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.

82) An investigation shows that many older people express a strong desire to continue studying in university or college.

83) For the majority of people, reading or learning a new skill has become the focus of their lives and the source of their happiness and contentment after their retirement.

84) For people who want to adopt a healthy and meaningful life style, it is important to find time to learn certain new knowledge. Just as an old saying goes: it is never too late to learn.

85) There is a general debate on the campus today over the phenomenon of college or high school students doing a part-time job.

86) By taking a major-related part-job, students can not only improve their academic studies, but gain much experience, experience they will never be able to get from the textbooks.

87) Although peoples lives have been dramatically changed over the last decades, it must be admitted that, shortage of funds is still the one of the biggest questions that students nowadays have to face because that tuition fees and prices of books are soaring by the day

88) Consequently, the extra money obtained from part-time job will strongly support students to continue to their study life.

89) From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that part-time job can produce a far-reaching impact on students and they should be encouraged to take part-time job, which will benefit students and their family, even the society as a whole.

90) These days, people in growing numbers are beginning to complain that work is more stressful and less leisurely than in past. Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it.

所谓应用文是人们在生活、学习、工作中为处理实际事物而写作，有着实用性特点，并形成惯用格式的文章。小编收集了写作基础知识：应用文的写作。欢迎阅读。

一、结构的含义和作用

1.掌握结构的含义应用文的结构，是运用材料以表现主题的有序安排，是客观事物条理性在文章中的反映，为文章的组织形式和内部构造。文章的结构具有两重含义：一是宏观结构，即文章的总体构思、大体框架;二是微观结构，即对文章的层次、段落、开头、结尾、过渡、照应和主次的具体设计。2.了解结构的作用结构好比文章的骨架，是安排文章的具体形式，是将材料化为文章的手段之二。结构是表现主题的手段，是准确表达主题的必由之路，也是引导读者领会文章思想内容的向导。写文章只有找到恰当完美的结构形式，才能把主题和材料组合在一起，形成一个完美有机的整体。其作用具体表现在：

(1)使文章言之有体。应用文大多有较固定的结构形态，它是人们在长期写作实践中经过选择，逐步找到的最适合表现某种内容的最佳形式，也称之为“程式”。如简报、书信和行政公文类文书，具有相当固定的惯用格式。

(2)使文章言之有序。合理安排文章结构，就是根据一定的思路，将零散的材料组织起来，使之眉目清楚地成为一个有机的整体。

(3)使文章言之有文。精心安排文章结构，可以增加文章的文采，从而增强其可读性。

二、安排结构的条件

1.了解思路的含义及思路与结构的关系

在文章结构的两重含义中，总体构思是具体设计的前提和基础。总体构思也就是人们常说的“言有序”，是指对材料的安排要有次序，这体现了作者的思路。思路是安排结构的条件。

1、思路的含义

思路是作者思维活动的路线，是作者在头脑中梳理、组织内容材料的过程和结果。它是作者对客观事物自身条理性的观察、理解。

作者思路清晰，结构必然有条不紊;作者思路不清晰，结构必然紊乱。经过选择的材料，只有经过合理的组织安排，使之条理化、系统化，组成一个有机的整体，才能准确鲜明地表现既定的主题。

2、思路与结构的关系

在写作构思阶段，作者的思维活动异常活跃。确立主题，选择好材料，并进而考虑如何表达主题和如何安排材料，由此逐渐形成一条清晰、连贯、独到的思维活动路线——思路。此时，文章的大体框架已在作者的头脑中“闪现”出来。等到作者用书面语言把思路表达出来时，文章的结构也就具体安排好了。因此，作者思路与文章结构的关系极为密切。具体表现为以下三点：

(1)思路是形成结构的基础和内核。结构是文章最主要的表现形式。要使结构完整、严谨、匀称，动笔前，就需要作者匠心独运，形成清晰、连贯并具独创性的思路，进而“外化”成纲目清晰、严谨周密的结构。但是，文章反映客观事物，决不是对其原始形态的简单搬抄和复制，而是在符合客观事物发展规律基础上的主观创造。因此，不同的作者。不同的文体有不同的思路。思路开阔而有创见，文章的结构就新颖独特;思路狭窄而落俗，会使文章的结构板滞僵死;思路紊乱，文章的条理就必然不清;思路松散，文章的结构就不可能严密紧凑。

(2)结构是思路的体现和反映。结构是思路的外显形式和文字载体。思路严密清晰，文章结构才能完整、严谨、清晰，主题才能得以准确地表达;思路紊乱、疏漏和闭塞，文章则会逻辑混乱、言而无序、首尾不能圆合。

2.了解锻炼思路的基本要求及锻炼思路的方法

(1)注意思路的条理性和逻辑性，使之清晰、周密、连贯。清晰，指展开思路要有顺序、有层次，同时对材料要加以区分和归类。周密，指思路要周到、严密，没有疏漏和缺损，不要顾此失彼，自相矛盾。连贯，指思维活动过程及其表达不仅要注意外在的次序，而且要处理好各个意思之间存在的衔接、并列、转折、因果、总分等内在联系，做到气脉贯通、流畅。

(2)注意思路的灵活性、独创性，使之活跃、开阔、敏捷。活跃与开阔，是指思路的开展要打破思维定势，进行多向探索，使之灵活、新颖而富有个性。敏捷是指思路的展开、梳理直至成型这一过程应该灵敏、迅速，使文章结构紧凑、气势流转而顺畅。

(3)养成良好的思维习惯。一是养成有序思考问题的习惯，由浅入深、由表及里、由此及彼。二是加强逻辑思维能力的训练。应用写作主要靠逻辑思维，要遵循“提出问题——分析问题——解决问题”这一认识规律。

(4)写作前要通盘思考，立足于写作意图、目的和所用文体特点，确定如何起笔，主体分几个部分展开，怎样收尾。

一篇文章的结尾，是文章的画龙点睛之处，如何用精简的语言，最精确地总结和概括文章的意思呢?今天，的名师为您总结了5种文章结尾的方式，一起来看看吧。

1、Taking all these factors into consideration， we naturally come to the conclusion that…

把所有这些因素加以考虑，我们自然会得出结论……

2、Taking into account all these factors， we may reasonably come to the conclusion that …

考虑所有这些因素，我们可能会得出合理的结论……

3、Hence/Therefore， we’d better come to the conclusion that …

因此，我们最好得出这样的结论……

4、There is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its drawbacks as well as merits.

毫无疑问，跳槽有优点也有缺点。

5、All in all， we cannot live without … But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.

总之，我们没有…是无法生活的。但同时，我们必须寻求新的解决办法来对付可能出现的新问题。

有了以上的五种万能的结尾句型，我们在托福写作结尾的时候，就不用啰嗦一大堆又得不到分了。

Hello everybody. My name is Stone. I come from Sichuan province in China.

I am very happy to come here to study with you.When I arrived at this school three days ago, I fell in love with it.It is so beautiful and exciting here, and everyone is kind to me especially Kim.This class feels just like one big family to me.

I’m interested in sports, music and mountain climbing.I also enjoy playing soccer. I would love to play with you sometime.I hope I can become your friend soon. Thank you very much.

mr shao taught me english when i was in senior three.with the bald head and hunchback, the fifty or some man distinguished himself from his counterparts in many ways.

he was so addicted to tobacco that he couldnt even skip acigarette in the corridor at the interval between two classes. due to the long time consumption of cigarettes, his teeth had gone totally bad and occasionally let off unpleasant smell which really disturbed us when we were talking to him. at times, he came to recognize it and consequently found out a solution. he suggested we write down our problems and he answer them in the written form. although i knew all along that he was a careful man, his quotations of five different dictionaries on a single multiple choice problem was still beyond my wildest dream.

whats more, none of us could imagine how ecellent his ancient chinese literature was. what he tended to do in his class was to recite several segments of the famous ancient prose and then put them into english. however, under the pressure of college entrance eam, the students didnt seem to be so interested in his performance. therefore, he tried to stimulate the class by editions of times as prizes for answering questions. it worked on us instantly.

on the day of the entrance eam, he waited nervously with us out of the eamination room. he kept reminding us not to drink water in case that we would feel like going to toilet during the eam. not withstanding his constant claims that we students were far less important than his beloved daughter, we did feel his devotion to us.

Which place we look forward to university, the number of students of senior three. University life, every high school students dream of want to experience. At least I was at that time. But, to be honest, the university for me at that time is a kind of imagination of good, but how, I want to now I didnt have a certain understanding to him.

In college, we wont have the teacher make the teachings and anticorrosive tireless explains. Wont have too many exercises and tests every day; Dont every day in order to score, ranking and anxious, upset... In the experience of college life this month, there is such a thing let me more impressive: in the first class of the university, there are two girl for a few minutes late, according to the habit of playing before the report into the classroom. But then the teacher said: "in the university, if you be late for class or something you want to leave early, you dont have to report, just quietly in and out from the back door, it is good to do not affect you..." After this, I also met in high school even dare not even think about other things. Can at any time in and out of the dormitory and the school, for example, because of the need to accomplish something to skip class, etc.

So, I concluded that university, is a completely on the process of consciously. If high school we or a chick, so we can say of university has been growing up, away from the shelter of parents, away from the teachers supervision, the rest of the only one to do the master of himself.

So, now we are going to manage themselves, their planning their beautiful university life, and ensure that the future can smile about their college life.

At the university of the second characteristic is to have more time and space, the university will have a class from 5 points to the dormitory in the morning until 10 PM back rest; Also wont because like to see a dream of red mansions but afraid to be the teacher found and hide things, and more importantly, there are all kinds of activities in the university for you to participate in and experience, and these are considered in high school is a waste of time. In fact, we can learn much knowledge from these things - and without the knowledge of the textbook, learned a lot of experience or lessons, learn from the university of rich and colorful...

So, I think, is more important than knowledge ability, and ability to training needs a process, the university is such a good process.

大学，多少高三学子向往的地方。大学生活，每一个高中生都梦寐以求的的想去体验一番。至少当时的我是这样。但是，说句实话，大学对那时的我来说只是一种想象中的美好，但究竟如何，我想现在的我才对他有一定的了解。

在大学，不会再有老师苦口婆心的教诲和防腐不知疲倦的讲解;不会有每天做不完的习题和试卷;也不会天天为了分数、名次而焦急、苦恼……在体验大学生活的这一个月中，有这样一件事让我印象比较深刻：在大学的第一堂课上，有两个女生迟到了几分钟，按照以前的习惯打报告进教室。但后来老师说：“在大学中，如果你上课迟到或者有事想要早退的话，你不用打报告，只需悄悄地从后门出入，不要影响大家就好……”在这以后，我也遇到过其他在高中甚至想都不敢想的事情。比如可以随时出入宿舍和校门，因需要完成某事要逃课等。

所以，我总结出：大学，是一个完全靠自觉的过程。如果高中的我们还是一只雏鸟，那么大学的我们可以说已经长大，远离了父母的庇护，远离了老师的督促，剩下的只有自己做自己的主人。

所以，现在的我们要自己管好自己，自己规划自己美好的大学生活，并自己保证今后能够笑着谈起自己的大学生活。

大学的第二个特点就是有更多的时间和空间，大学中绝不会有从早上5点出宿舍上课直到晚上10点才回去休息的情况;也不会因为喜欢看《红楼梦》但怕被老师发现而东躲西藏的事情，更重要的是，在大学里有各种各样的活动等着你去参加和体验，而这些在高中都被视为纯属浪费时间的事情。其实，从这些事情中我们也能学到许多知识——课本里并没有的知识，学到许多经验或是教训，学到大学的丰富多彩……

所以，我认为，比知识更重要的是能力，而能力地培养需要一个过程，大学则是这样一个很好的过程。

下面是语文迷网小编为大家整理的中考英语作文万能句型，欢迎大家阅读参考。

一、开头句型选择

1. 关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……

There are different opinions among people as to ____ 。Some people suggest that____。

2. 俗话说(常言道)……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。

There is an old saying______。 Its the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.

3.现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……;其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。

Today， ____， which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First， ____ Second，____。 What makes things worse is that______。

4.现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外(而且)……。

Nowadays，it is common to ______。 Many people like ______because ______。 Besides，______。

5.任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。

Everything has two sides and ______is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.

6.关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为(说)……，在他们看来，……

People’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person.Some people say that ______。To them，_____。

7.人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。

Man is now facing a big problem ______which is becoming more and more serious.

8.……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。

______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.

9.……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。

______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.

10.根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……，但是为什么呢?

According to thefigure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that______while. Obviously，______，but why?

11、Recently， the problem of … has aroused people’s concern.

最近，…问题已引起人们的关注。

12、Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.

互联网已在我们的生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。它给我们带来了许多好处，但也产生了一些严重的问题。

13、Nowadays，(overpopulation) has become a problem we have to face.

如今，(人口过剩)已成为我们不得不面对的问题了。

14、With the development of science and technology， more and more people believe that…

随着科技的发展，越来越多的人认为…

二、结尾句型

1、Taking all these factors into consideration， we naturally come to the conclusion that…

把所有这些因素加以考虑，我们自然会得出结论…

2、Taking into account all these factors， we may reasonably come to the conclusion that…

考虑所有这些因素，我们可能会得出合理的结论…

3、Hence/Therefore， we’d better come to the conclusion that…

因此，我们最好得出这样的结论…

4、There is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its drawbacks as well as merits.

毫无疑问，跳槽有优点也有缺点。

5、All in all， we cannot live without… But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.

总之，我们没有…是无法生活的。但同时，我们必须寻求新的解决办法来对付可能出现的新问题。

6、It is high time that we put an end to the (trend)。

该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了。

7、It is time to take the advice of … and to put special emphasis on the improvement of …

该是采纳…的建议，并对…的进展给予特殊重视的时候了。

8、不用说…… It goes without saying that = It is obvious that …

例：不用说早睡早起是值得的。It goes without saying that it pays to keep early hours.

9、……是必要的 It is necessary (for sb.) to do / that … ……

是重要的 It is important(for sb.) to do / that … ……

是适当的 It is proper (for sb.) to do / that … ……

是紧急的 It is urgent (for sb.) to do / that …

例：It is proper for us to keep the public places clean.

It is proper that we (should)keep the public places clean. 我们应当保持公共场所清洁。

一、追根溯源——什么是策论文

所谓策论文，简言之即文章的正文部分以提对策为主。近几年的国考和省考文章命题中都有所涉猎，且题干或要求中已限定只能写策论文。例如：

[2013年国考地市]请以“让……大放异彩”为题，写一篇内容充实的文章。

要求：1.用恰当的文字替换“让……大放异彩”中的省略号部分，是指构成一个完整具体的文章标题;2.主题应与“给定资料”相关，但素材不必拘泥于“给定资料”要结合生活中的具体感受，切忌空谈政策;3.观点鲜明，结构完整，语言流畅;4.字数800-1000字。

[2010年广东省考]针对材料中所反应的问题(仅限所给材料)，以“进一步加强农民工工作”为题，写一篇800字左右的策论文章。

要求：措施全面，结构完整，条理清晰，行文流畅，针对性强，具有可操作性。

二、明确规范——策论文的文章格式

作为申论的文章写作，行文规范是文章的基本要求，也是体现政府机关工作的基本特点。对于策论文写作理应体现以下之规范：

P1：开头 概括材料，分析主题、提出总论点

P2：分论点一(段首为对策性分论点)

P3：分论点二(段首为对策性分论点)

P4：分论点三(段首为对策性分论点)

P5：结尾 总结升华

从此规范可见，策论文的基本特点在于文章主体段落必须以对策加以呈现，望考生能谨记。

三、避免误区——策论文的注意事项

当前很多考生在写策论文的过程中有以下两个误区:

误区一：策论文即文章只能写对策，不能有分析。这是很多考生在文章写作常犯的一个错误，申论文章的写作在于说理，说理势必有理有据，因此自当有分析有对策，分析愈透彻，方显对策之针对性。

误区二：文章主体段落有对策即为策论文。申论文章角度的区分不在于文章篇幅的大小，对策多即为策论文，这是常见的误解。而根本性的判定文章是否为策论文在于段旨句是否为对策。

四、学以致用——策论文分论点来源

古语有云“他山之石可以攻玉”，不管是作为考生平时的知识积累，或是来自于材料中主题所涉及的对策都可成为文章写作的分论点。

以2013年国考地市文章写作为例，材料中谈到了很多文化发展的对策，例：发展文化人才、搭建文化阵地、扶持本国文化事业、重视传统文化教育，都可成为本文写作的分论点，考生可根据对策与主题之间的关系以及对策之间的密切程度酌情筛选，确定分论点。

同时，考生还可根据平时的积累，对于文化发展的对策也可以结合自身，从实际中出发，例如，扎根群众，提高文化自觉性;认真学习，提升文化自信;抵制西化，捍卫文化尊严等等，从这些方面进行论述，进而打造“人无我有，人有我优”的文章写作亮点。

Nowadays, colleges and universities enroll an increasing number of students year after year. After four years of study, they have to meet more and more rivals in the labor market, usually many of them going home with no work at all, disappointed.

With more graduates and less job vacancies, students are encouraged to start business of their own when they graduate from university. They may start take up anything they are interested in, make decision on their own, and obtain the fruit of their own labor. In this way, graduates will become more independent, imaginative and creative.

Yet this process should be supported by our government. The government should provide special policies for these students, and when necessary, guide them onto a correct road.

一、优化词汇输入教学，丰富词汇知识积累

词汇是一篇文章最基本的组 成要素。头脑中如果没有一定数量的、且处于鲜活状态的词汇，就无法写出好文章。要写出好的文章，就必须善于从众多的词语中选择和运用最恰当的词语。因此， 加强词汇教学、扩大和丰富学生的词汇量是提高学生写作能力的基础工作。克拉申的“语言输入假说模式”认为：正确和恰当的语言输入将会使语言学习的效果更 佳。

最佳语言输入的两个必要条件：

1)密切相关的

2)大量的。因此，将密切相关的常用词汇、习惯搭配适当集中教学，反复归纳、不断循环和强化是较好的词 汇输入方法，同时也保证了常用词汇在头脑中的鲜活状态，为写作输出提供可靠保障。

二、加强基础写作训练，活化基础知识积累

在学生写作过程中，我们 常常会发现许多学生的词汇量与运用能力不成正比的现象，写作中经常出现词汇贫乏和用词不当等问题。这种问题的出现实际上是学生获得的知识没有有效的活化。 配合词汇和句型教学，教师可以经常以所教学词汇为关键词拟定一些与时事或生活相关的话题，让学生用词、句做翻译练习，一段时间(4-5天)之后，再让学生 用这些词、句进行写作，多写多练以达到活化知识的目的。

三、广泛阅读，拓展知识积累

“熟读唐诗三百首，不会作 诗也会吟”。在大量的阅读过程中，可使学生开拓视野，拓展知识，增加语感，为写作提供必要的语言材料。写作和阅读是互相促进、相辅相成的。有些词汇和句 型，学生只是似曾相识，通过广泛的阅读能促使学生把这些东西运用得更熟练，表达得更准确。反过来，这也会有效地提高学生的阅读理解能力。

In my early years, I did not see the value of education.

When I was going on thirteen, I started to run my own shop. From then on, I worked hard to become a successful businessman.

One day I realized the importance of the English language in the business world and started taking night classes.

I was able to communicate well with foreign customers after two years of English study. But I started to feel that, in the long run, having a limited knowledge of English was not enough to make my business successful. I knew that only a well- rounded education could guarantee my success in the future.

When I was eighteen, I had to make a decision to continue doing business or go back to school. There was one obstacle keeping me from getting an advanced education. I had only completed elementary school up to that point. I then went back to senior high school after four months of tutoring in different subjects. Being at school for the first time after so many years was somewhat embarrassing because my classmates were at least two or three years younger than I. I concluded that my age did not matter. The important thing was getting into college.

I took the College Entrance Exams. Although my math exam result was only one point below the required score. I never gave up hope. The following year, I took it again and received the highest score in my city. Achieving such an amazing result gave me encouragement and courage necessary to continue my education to the next step.

I am now in my second year of college and know that it is never too late to learn. My passion for studying and improving myself will never come to a halt as long as I continue to live.

“Live and Learn.” is the motto I have adopted. I believe with an education I will succeed. So, if you are wondering whether education is important, don’t hesitate a moment to step up and seize the opportunity.

英语写作少不了积累句型。以下是小编带来的2017英语写作必背经典句型【集锦】，希望对你有帮助。

the + 形容词最高级 + n. + (that) + S(主语) + have ever seen / known / heard / had / read, etc

例句：Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.

(海伦是我见过的最美丽的女孩。)

Nothing is + 形容词比较级 + than to + V(谓语)

例句：Nothing is more important than to receive education.

(没有比接受教育更重要的事。)

S cannot emphasize the importance of sth. too much：再怎么强调……的重要性也不为过。

例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.

(我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。)

There is no doubt + that + 句子：毫无疑问，……

例句：There is no doubt that the economy is recovering.

(毫无疑问，经济已经逐渐复苏。)

It pays to + V + O(宾语)：……是值得的。

例句：It pays to help others.

(帮助别人是值得的。)

An advantage of + 名词结构+ is that + 句子：……的优点是……

例句：An advantage of using solar energy is that it wont create any pollution.

(使用太阳能的优点是它不会产生任何污染。)

There is no denying that + 句子：不可否认……

例句：There is no denying that the quality of our life has gone from good to better.

(不可否认，我们的生活质量日益改善。)

On no account can we + V：我们绝对不能……

例句：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.

(我们绝不能无视知识的价值。)

It is universally acknowledged that + 句子：全世界都知道……

例句：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable[不可或缺的] to us.

(全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。)

The reason why + 句子 + is that + 句子：……的原因是……

例句：The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.

(我们必须种树的原因是它们能给我们提供新鲜空气。)

be closely related to sth.：与……息息相关

例句：Taking exercise is closely related to health.

(做运动与健康息息相关。)

So + 形容词 + be + S + that + 句子：如此……以致于……

例句：So precious is time that we cant afford to waste it.

(时间是如此珍贵，它经不起我们浪费。)

It is time + S + 动词过去式：该是……的时候了。

例句：It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.

(有关当局是时候采取适当措施解决交通问题了。)

S + enable + O + to + V：……使……能够……

例句：Listening to music enables us to feel relaxed.

(听音乐使我们获得放松。)

be + forced / obliged / compelled + to + V：不得不……

例句：Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports.

(既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。)

a. + as + S + be, S + V + O：虽然……， 但是……

例句：Rich as our country is, the quality of our life is by no means satisfactory.

(虽然我们的国家富有，但我们的生活质量仍差强人意。)

It is conceivable / obvious / apparent that + 句子：可想而知/明显/显然……

例句：It is apparent that knowledge plays an important role in our life.

(显然，知识在我们人生中扮演着重要角色。)

The + 形容词比较级 + S + V, the + 形容词比较级 + S + V：……愈……，……愈……

例句：The harder you work, the more progress you make.

(愈努力，愈进步。)

Since + S + 动词过去式，S + 现在完成式： 自从……，……一直……

例句：Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.

(自从上了高中，他一直很用功。)

By + V-ing, S can V：通过……，……能够……

例句：By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.

(通过做运动，我们能够保持健康。)

be based on sth.：以.……为基础

例句：Progress in society is based on harmony.

(社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。)

That is the reason why +句子：那就是……的原因

例句：Summer is sultry[闷热的]. That is the reason why I dont like it.

(夏天很闷热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。)

There is no one but + V + O：没有人不……

例句：There is no one but longs to go to college.

(没有人不渴望上大学。)

Due to / Owing to / Thanks to + sth. / V-ing：因为/ 多亏……

例句：Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream.

(因为他的鼓励，我终于实现了梦想。)

For the past + 时间, S + 现在完成式： 过去的……来，……一直……

例句：For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination.

(过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。)

What a + a. + n. + S + V!= How + a. + a + n. + V!：多么……!

例句：What an important thing it is to keep our promise! / How important a thing it is to keep our promise! (遵守诺言是多么重要的事!)

get into the habit of + V-ing = make it a rule to + V：养成……的习惯

例句：We should get into the habit of keeping good hours.

(我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。)

leave much to be desired：令人不满意

例句：The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired.

(我们的交通状况令人不太满意。)

Those who + V + O：那些……的人

例句：Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.

(违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。)

have a great influence on sth.：对……有很大影响

例句：Smoking has a great influence on our health.

(抽烟对我们的健康有很大影响。)

spare no effort to + V：不遗余力地……

例句：We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.

(我们应该不遗余力地美化我们的环境。)

do good / harm to sth.：对……有益/有害

例句：Reading does good to our mind.

(读书对心灵有益。)

pose a great threat to sth.：对……造成很大威胁

例句：Pollution poses a great threat to our existence.

(污染对我们的生存造成很大威胁。)

bring home to + S + O：让……明白……

例句：We should bring home to people the value of working hard.

(我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。)

do ones utmost to + V = do ones best to + V：尽全力去……

例句：We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life.

(我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。)

剧本区别于任何一种文体形式，我经常看到有的朋友把剧本写成了小说或人物传记，这是不对的，至少是不专业的。剧本有自己专署的格式，写剧本从某种程度上说是个技术活。小编收集了短片剧本的写作基础，欢迎阅读。

写剧本也不是什么很崇高的艺术创作，这只是一个普通的工种，剧作家和清洁工人没什么区别，都是很普通的工作而已，所以每个人都可以写剧本，每个人都可以当导演。当然，既然是一个工种，就有自己的规范。这些规范也许不会让你迅速变成一个专家，但至少能使你看上去像一个专家。或者，不至于让你糟糕的格式成为审稿人枪毙你稿子的理由。因为一个审稿人每天要看三到四篇稿子，如果你的剧本格式看上去不怎么专业的话，他完全有理由翻上几页就把你的剧本扔在角落里凉快。

先来看看剧本写作常犯的错误：

1：把剧本写成了小说

刚刚上面提到有的朋友把剧本写成了小说，不是不可以，但那个是文学剧本，根本不能用来指导拍摄和制作。举个例子，你可以在小说里花几页的笔墨来写一个人的身世，背景，家庭组成，或是用几页的笔墨来描写主角的心理斗争过程，但这些东西是无法表现在电影屏幕上的。你的剧本就是一个屏幕，你所要表现的是电影屏幕上能被观众直接看到感受到的东西。像心理活动这类东西是无法很好的表现出来的。加旁白?当然可以，除非你能忍受主角的画外音在一动不动的镜头里读几页小说。电影用画面表达情绪，你的剧本就是电影画面，要通过摄像机的角度来写，这可能引起第二个问题。

2：不必要的摄象机标注

如果你这样写剧本：在5号升降台，用盘纳为升70型相机，60mm镜头，由8.5m摇至2m对焦…………如果你这样写，就算过了审稿人这一关，你的剧本也会被导演扔掉。你不需要教他怎么拍，这不是你的事。你在写剧本的时候完全不用担心相机的事。但是不是剧本就不要考虑相机了呢?也不是，你需要考虑相机的关系而不是位置。剧本里有自己的专用相机术语，多多使用这些术语，能让你的剧本很专业，至少看上去很专业。

1.Angle on 角度对准：比如BILL走出便利店，相机对准BILL。

2.Favoring 主要表现：BILL在一个大广场，人很多，但主要表现BILL。

3.Another angle 另一个角度：换个角度的相机表现BILL在大广场玩的很开心。

4.Wilder angle 更宽的角度：先表现BILL在广场的一角喝可乐，然后镜头拉远，表现BILL所在的广场。

5.New angle 新角度：换个角度表现BILL喝可乐，使镜头丰富。

6.POV 视点：从BILL的视点看东西。就是第一人称视角。

7.Reverse angle 反拍角度：BILL和SALLY在一起跳舞，先拍BILL看到的SALLY，再拍SALLY看到的BILL，通常是两人的POV互反。

8.Over shoulder angle 过肩镜头：相机越过BILL的肩头看到SALLY，BILL的肩头能把画面自然的分割，很常用的类型。

9.Moving shot 运动镜头：包括跟拍，摇移，追随等等，反正镜头是运动的，至于具体怎么动，还不是现在考虑的问题。

10.Two shot 双人镜头：BILL和SALLY在边喝可乐边交谈，这种镜头的相机不要随意移动，防止“越轴”。把BILL和SALLY两人连起来有一条轴线，相机只能在轴线一侧运动，如果越过这条轴线，在画面上BILL和SALLY的位置就会左右互换，引起观众视觉上的逻辑混淆。

11.Close shot 近景：强调SALLY美丽的眼睛，但一般少用为妙。

12.Insert 插入镜头：某物的近景，比如天色已晚，SALLY问BILL几点了，BILL抬起手来，接下来可以接一个BILL手表的特写，当然你还可以用此种镜头来换景，比如BILL移开手表时摄象机里看到的已经是夜晚的舞会了。

以上就是剧本里的镜头描写格式，看个例子就明白了。这是具体的写作格式：

场景说明要黑体，时间地点要黑体，居左

场景中出现的音效要黑体标出

第一次出现的人物名要黑体居中

人物的对话要居中，两边留空，不同人物的对话要另起一行

标明摄象机的关系

标明场景的切换，“切至”就是硬切，“化至”就是加转场的效果，全部居右

如有特效运用，也要用黑体标出

二剧本写作入门

这是我在大学修读剧本写作课程时所得到的体会。记得当年导师和我们说：「要想写好剧本，就必须懂得剧本的基本知识和理论，搞明白电影的规律!」

今天，身为其中的一员，有幸和大家分享一下我所懂得的剧本理论知识，如有错漏，还望大家多多包容。

简单来说，要写好一个故事，首先要构思好你的故事走向，人物关系，情节高潮，主题思想等…… 美国好莱坞有一套编剧规律：即开端、设置矛盾、解决矛盾、再设置矛盾，直至结局。中国也有自己的编剧规律：起、承、转、合。

在下面的文字，本人会分类将写作剧本的基本和重要的元素详加论述，并会举出实例加以说明。

剧本基本理论 ：态度、主题

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写故事最重要的是对故事的态度，不同的态度会产生不同的效果。举一个简单的例子，同样是写一个青楼女子的故事，如果作者是以一个淫秽、色情的态度去写，故事自然集中于男女之间欢爱的部份。相反，如果作者是以一个同情、尊重的态度去写，故事便会集中于描写青楼女子被迫卖身，身不由己的可怜、无奈……

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在下笔写故事之前，你必须要问自己：你要讲一个怎样的故事?是朋友之间的友情(如电影午夜牛郎—midnight cow boy)，男女之间的爱情(铁达尼号—Titanic)，外星人入侵地球的故事(天煞地球反击战)，还是一个控诉战争的故事(杀戮战场—platon)等。这就是主题。

主题必须十分明确、贯彻、毫不怀疑。你不能写一套战争片段，一时就怀疑战争，一时就歌颂战争。主题有如一支指南针，它会引导你创作故事，和贯穿故事中的枝节。而最重要的是它能避免你在写作中偏离主道。试举一例，清朝皇帝雍正在野史是一个杀弟、杀父夺位，强奸弟弟妻子的禽兽。但在雍正皇朝(早期亚视播出的电视剧)作者笔下的雍正，却是一个好皇帝。因为作者的主题是要写一个好皇帝，所以在故事中只会见到雍正彻夜不眠批奏章、视察农民、减税、推行德政等场面，并没有杀弟、杀父等场面。

所以，一套成功的剧本是要让观众看完后，清楚明白作者想表达的思想和主题。

创造角色冲突 (create character conflict)

角色冲突是吸引观众的不二法门。这包括故事角色和角色之间的冲突，角色和他自身价值观的冲突等。

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故事里的人物想做一些事，但有一股力量抗衡他，这就是Potogonist /Antogonist

例如电影怒火风暴(Falling Down)故事中，主角刚刚经历完痛苦的劳狱生涯，当他出狱时，他一心想见回自己的妻子，重过正常人的生活(Potogonist，他想追求的事)。但他的妻子逃避他，不认他，而四周的人也因他的犯罪纪录而歧视他(Antogonist，阻止他达到目的的力量)。

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当角色和角色之间存在冲突，而且有一个不能分开的结把他们拉在一起，好戏便来了。举一个简单的例子，男主角的妻子是个三姑六婆、八卦的女人，而男主角的母亲则是个守礼节的传统妇女。因为环境的因素，主角和他的妻子必须搬进家里和妈妈一起住。试想两个完全冲突的人：媳妇和奶奶被一个 unbreakable bond 拉在一起时，会是怎样。

创造表面张力 (create dramatic tension)

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例如故事中的主角闯进了敌人的基地，有支枪在黑暗处伸出来瞄准着他(观众知道但主角不知道)，敌人就快要开枪了，观众也为主角担心。

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主角的母亲病了，他全身家只有一百元，于是他便去睹场碰碰运气。很好运地，主角不停地赢钱，已有几千元，有足够的医药费了。但他竟然贪胜不知输，继续赌下去，结果输了一局又一局(观众已知他已走在一条错误的路上)。最后连手上的一百元也输了，竟然还去问大耳窿借钱(他用错误的方法企图达到目的)。

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故事中某些事件若存着时间的限制，或计时炸弹，能够给观众一股紧张的情绪，并且这股紧张情绪能维持一段长时间。

还有十二个小时，陨石便会撞击地球，地球上超过一半的生物会死亡。(电影--陨石撞地球)

这辆巴士必须维持在时速一百二十公理，否则车上的炸弹便会爆炸。(电影--生死时速)

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使用转折点能制造意外的效果，引起观众的预期心理，加强情节张力，从而持续观众对故事的兴趣。转折点最常出现于故事的前段和后段。剧本前段的转折点一般用于开启故事和陈列出主角即将面临的各项选择。至于后段的转折点则指向主角解决危机，收拢故事。

例如著名电影「生于七月四日」(Born on the fourth of July)，主角在故事开始面临第一个转折点：是否要参加越战。主角最后选择参战，走上战场。但好景不常，在战争中主角被打破了双脚，要终生坐轮椅。原本爱国主战的他经历了多件事件后，改变了他的想法。导致故事结局出现了很出人意表的转折点，他由主战派变成反战派，从而带出反战的主题。

其它技巧

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相信有作文的人都会知道什么叫做伏笔吧!埋下伏线可以吸引观众追看剧情。例如在电影心计中，主角汤美一早便表露了他有模仿人签名和行为的能力(伏线)，到故事发展到他杀了有钱人迪奇后，观众凭借伏线已经估到主角会假冒迪奇。

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所谓 Payoff，就是最能象征整个故事的对象。例如在电影”Apartment”中，那条门匙就是Payoff。又如著名电影「舒特拉的名单」中，那张犹太人的名单也是Payoff。

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有两个画面，梅花间竹地播出，这就是蒙太奇。例如在电影教父中，画面一边播出教会里正在举行的神圣仪式，如神父替孩子洗礼，向天主祈祷等。但另一边画面却转接地播出教会中邪恶的一面，例如教会中的领袖为求夺权，去反对他的人的住所，不停地大开杀戒。

蒙太奇亦可以指一些不同而没有关系的画面,当他们剪接在一起的时候,会产生另一种意义,简单来说,如第一画面中有一只手正在投球,而另一画面是另外一只手接到一个球,然而球不见得是同一个,但当两个画面前在一起的时候,就是一个人把球投给另外一个人,注意/若中间再加入另外的画面,这意思就完全不一样了!! (注：这一段蒙太奇的文字解释由网友「贝戈」提供)

剧本三大忌

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剧本写作和小说写作是两样完全不同的事，要知道写剧本的目的是要用文字去表达一连串的画面，所以你要让看剧本的人见到文字而又能够实时联想到一幅图画，将他们带到动画的世界里。小说就不同，他除了写出画面外，更包括抒情句子，修辞手法和角色内心世界的描述。这些在剧本里是不应有的。举一个简单的例子，在小说里有这样的句子：

「今天会考放榜，同学们都很紧张地等待结果，小明别过父母后，便去学校领取成绩通知书。老师派发成绩单，小明心里想：如果这次不合格就不好了。

他十分担心，害怕考试失败后不知如何面对家人……』

试想，如果将上面的句子写在剧本里，你叫演员看了怎样用动作去表达。

如果要用剧本去表达同样的意思，就只有写成如下：

「在课室里面，学生都坐在座位上，脸上带着紧张的表情，看着站在外面的老师。老师手上拿着一叠成绩通知书，她看了看面头的一张，叫道：「陈大雄!」大雄立刻走出去领取成绩单。小明在课室的一角，两只手不停地搓来搓去。他看出课室外面，画面渐渐返回当日早上时的情景。小明的父母一早就坐在大厅上，小明穿好校服，准备出门，看了看父亲，又看了看母亲，见到他们严肃的脸孔，不知该说些什么。小明的父亲说：「会合格吗?」小明说：「会……会的。」

「陈小明!」老师宏亮的声音把小明从回忆中带回现实。老师手上拿着小明的成绩单看着他，小明呆了一会，才快步走出去领取……』

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剧本里不宜有太多的对话(除非是剧情的需要)，否则整个故事会变得不连贯，缺乏动作，观众看起来就似听读剧本一样，好闷。要知道你现在要写的是电影语言，而不是文学语言。只适合于读而不适合于看的便不是好剧本。所以，一部优秀的电影剧本，对白越少，画面感就越强，冲?力就越大。

举一个简单的例子，比如你写一个人打电话，你最好不要让他坐在电话旁不动，只顾说话。如果剧情需要，可让他站起来，或拿着电话走几步，尽量避免画面的呆板和单调。

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很多人写剧本都写得太多枝节，在枝节中有很多的角色，穿插了很多的场口，使故事变得复杂化，观众可能会看得不明白，不清楚作者想表达什么主题。试想如果在一幕电影中同时有十几个重要的角色，角色之间又有很多故事，你叫观众在短短时间里那能把每一个角色记得这么清楚。

其实，写剧本有一句格言：「 Simple is the best! 」愈简单的故事就愈好。大家想想你们所看过的好电影中，它们的剧情是不是都很简单。例如电影铁达尼号(Titanic)只是讲一艘大船下沉，而下沉当中男女主角产生了爱情。其它电影也一样，简单到报纸短评用短短几十个字就能讲出故事大纲。

但是，简单永远是最困难的：