0

毕业感言初中英语作文带翻译(精品20篇)

“春蚕到死丝方尽,蜡炬成灰泪始干”,一句流传了千年的诗句深深地诠释给我们生命的意义与伟大。让我们一起来看看吧,下面是小编帮大家整理的珍爱生命作文,希望大家喜欢。

浏览

4005

作文

1000

高二英语作文及翻译

全文共 1046 字

+ 加入清单

Today, as the development of the medical, people can slow down their aging. As for the celebrities, they use the developed technology to keep young, seeing their unchangeable faces in the screen for so many years, the audience also want to imitate the celebrity, they believe that by using the developed technology, they can keep young all the time. While in my opinion, the way to keep young is to hold a young heart, some people look young outside, but in their hearts, they are old enough and refuse to keep pace with the time. While for another group, even they have wrinkles, they are curious about all the things and are willing to change. My grandpa is old, but he knows all the fashionable things, sometimes I have to ask him for the new things. The young heart is the way to keep young forever.

今天,随着医疗的发展,人们能够延缓衰老。对于名人来讲,他们使用高科技来保持年轻,看到他们常年在屏幕上保持不变的容颜,观众也想要模仿名人,他们相信通过使用高科技就能一直保持年轻。然而在我看来,保持年轻的方法就是拥有一颗年轻的心,一些人表面看起来年轻,但是在他们的心里,他们足够的老,并且拒绝去与时俱进。对于另外一些人来讲,虽然他们有皱纹,但是他们对一切都保持好奇,并且愿意去改变。我的爷爷年纪大,但是他对一切时尚的东西都了如指掌,有时候我不得不问他关于新的事物。年轻的心是永葆青春的方法。

展开阅读全文

更多相似作文

篇1:英语日记大全带翻译

全文共 582 字

+ 加入清单

I got up early this morning。 After breakfast I went to the beach near my home with my friends。 We went there by bike。 As soon as we got there, we played with the sand and walked on the beach。 We also went boating。It was really fantastic。 In the afternoon I went to the library and read books there。 I also helped my parents make dinner。 After dinner I washed the dishes。 In the evening I did my homework。 Then I surfed the internet。 I had a busy and interesting day。翻译:我这天起床早。吃完早饭后我和朋友们去了我家附近的海滩。我们骑自行车去的。我们一到那里就玩沙子,在海滩走。我们也划船。很棒。下午我去图书馆看书。我也帮忙我的父母做晚饭。饭后我洗碗。晚上我做作业,然后上网。我这天很忙也过得很愉快

展开阅读全文

篇2:毕业感言

全文共 491 字

+ 加入清单

岁月匆匆,花开花落。小学六年级的学习生活瞬间就要过去了。即将离开母校,即将离开老师,即将离开班级同学,我心中充满留恋之情。

忘不了,美丽的母校。在您的怀抱里,我们从无知变得懂事,从幼稚变得成熟,从胆小变得勇敢。在这里,我们受到了严格的教育;在这里,我们养成了遵守纪律、团结友爱的好作风;在这里,我们获得了知识,懂得了道理,我们在这里茁壮成长。

忘不了,敬爱的老师。您就如那“随风潜入夜,润物细无声”的春雨,滋润我们这些小禾苗。您让我明白了:阳光是怎样照亮人生的,园丁是怎样照顾花朵的,春风是怎样染绿世界……在我的眼中,老师,您既温柔又威严,既平凡又伟大。老师,你就是我心中的春雨,您就是我心中的阳光……我将永远感谢您。

忘不了,亲爱的班级同学。我们并肩走过了六年,在这六年中,我们一起度过了一段美好的岁月,你送给了我一颗友谊的种子,播进我的心田。在朝夕相处中,我们一道成长,转眼间,却要分开,心中怎能平静呢?那么,就请记住我们在一起的每一分钟,让友谊地久天长!

我将珍惜剩下的每一分,每一秒,不让这六年成为遗憾。在母校里,留下美好的回忆;给老师,留下美好的印象;给班级同学,留下美好的记忆。

展开阅读全文

篇3:初中英语满分

全文共 533 字

+ 加入清单

I am always shy and afraid of standing in front of a lot of people, so I

dont have many friends. In my heart, I desire to make a lot of friends and hang

out with them. I know my problem. I am not confident and if I show my humor,

surely other students will notice me. So I decide to join activities. I take

part in a drama group. It can not only enhance my confidence, but also helps me

to make friends. Soon I become confident and more students know me. Whats more,

many students ask me to join their group. I conquer my fear and grow up.

展开阅读全文

篇4:初中英语作文大全

全文共 956 字

+ 加入清单

Last year, my father bought a lovely pet for me. She has four white paws

and a white and yellow tail. She has two small ears, two green eyes and eight

whiskers on her face. Her name is Sally and she is one year old.

Do you know what it is? A cat? Yes, it is a cat. She has very short fur and

she is quite small. She weighs about 2 kilograms. She is usually very friendly

and quiet. We never frighten her or pull her tail or ears. She likes walking

around me and playing with me.

If she is hungry, she will miaow. Usually, she eats food from a tin, but

her favorite food is fish. She likes juice if it is not too cold. She likes to

chase and catch mice and sometimes she plays with butterflies. Sally often plays

with balls and pieces of string. She does not like dogs and she hates the rain.

She likes sitting on the sofa and watching TV.

Sally is a very good friend, but she is quite lazy! She never worries

because we take good care of her. She is always a happy cat.

展开阅读全文

篇5:英语的谚语带翻译有哪些

全文共 495 字

+ 加入清单

Guilty consciences make men cowards.

做贼心虚。

He is a wise man who speaks little.

聪明不是挂在嘴上。

Extremes meet.

物极必反。

Nothing comes of nothing.

事出必有因。

He is not laughed at that laughs at himself first.

自嘲者不会让人见笑。

Walls have ears.

隔墙有耳。

If you venture nothing, you will have nothing.

不入虎穴,焉得虎子。

Failure is the mother of success.

失败是成功之母。

Good health is above wealth.

健康重于财富。

The spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak.

心有余而力不足。

A leopard can not change his spots.

江山易改,本性难移。

Patience is a plaster for all sores.

忍耐是治疗一切伤痛的药膏。

展开阅读全文

篇6:初中生毕业日记600字

全文共 883 字

+ 加入清单

今天是初中的终点。三年,说长不长,说短不短,就这么过去了。

教室里如昔日般充满着嘈杂声,内容却与以前的闲聊不同,话题猛然一变,成了对将要踏入新学校的激动与对未来的无限憧憬。没有人去管理纪律,这嘈杂声令人不舍。

班导抱着一大沓“红本子”进来后,嘈杂声也就戛然而止了——这算是三年来的一种应激性吧!班导仍旧是一脸笑容,不同的是,她今天换上了三年前的一件约定:一件艳红的衣服。

“各位同学,今天踏出校门后,你们就是真正的离开了初中,将要成为一名高中生了!”如同往常一般严肃的嗓音中,却夹杂着几分不舍,“恭喜大家完成了初中三年教育,也祝贺大家考上了自己理想的高中!”

台下鸦雀无声,静得可怕。

“接下来请念到名字的同学上来领自己的初中毕业证!”她顺着名单的名字一个一个的往下念,直到讲台上空空如也。我看着手中的毕业证书,静默着,脑海中的发条拨回了三年前。

那一天,同一个班导说着截然不同的话。她饱含激情的告诉我们初中已经开赛;今天,她告诉我们,比赛落幕了。

那一天,同一个班级里的人都在找着各自的小学校友。今天,大家都不愿意离去。

那一天,我们初识了生地老师。时至今日,他们又回初一。还有我们的柯老师,她又何在?

发条不止的转动着,我重温了一遍短暂的初中。一切都恍如昨日。我忽然发现初中更像是一个充满着成长的故事。

发条不转了,内眼镜片蒙上了一层薄雾。

“那我们就这么说再见吧。”这句话就像铃声,但大家没有变成脱缰的野马,如往常一般狂奔出去。

大家都各自收拾好东西,互相道一声再见,再到班导面前道声谢,缓缓地走出了班门。我没带多少东西来,只是将毕业证书收进包内,静静的坐在位子上。

三年来,我没有做些什么大放异彩的事,唯独爱上了拉电闸,钟意最后一个离班,做那一个关门的人。我与57个人,道过不止一次的离别。

班导站在门前,又一次送走了自己精心栽培的树苗,看着大家各奔东西。她看回班里,看见了我。

“你怎么还不走?”“老师您先走吧,我等会儿就走。”“好,记得关门拉电闸!”说罢,向办公室走去。

背上书包,拉下电闸,离开班里,将门关上。第3次将头靠在铁门上。

良久,转身离去。我深知,我再没有把这门关上的资格了。

展开阅读全文

篇7:春节英语作文带翻译

全文共 977 字

+ 加入清单

There are many festivals in China. Among them, I like the Spring Festival

most.Not only because it’s the biggest festival in the year, but also because

it’s a new beginning that brings hope to people and it’s time for family

gathering.Before the festival, people come home no matter where they

are.Usually, we have a big dinner on the New Year’s Eve. And then families sit

together and share their lives or planes.Some will play games or hang out to

have some fun.

On the New Year’s Day, people get up early and say good words to anyone

they meet.Children can get lucky money from relatives.In the following days, we

will visit relative’s home and bring New Year’s wishes to them.In short, it’s a

time for family gathering and all of us enjoy it.

在我国,一年有很多节日,在这些节日中,我最喜欢春节。这不仅因为它是一年中最大的节日,更因为它是新一年的开始,给人们带来新的希望,也因为它是亲朋好友团聚的时刻。不管身在何方,人们总会在春节前回到家里准备过节。

通常,我们会在除夕夜吃一顿丰盛的晚餐,之后家人团座一起,分享一年以来的生活以及新年计划。有的人则会玩游戏或者出去玩。大年初一,人们通常会早起,会与见到的人说吉祥话。孩子们会得到压岁钱。在接下来的几天里,人们会带上新年祝福互相串门拜年。总之,春节是一个欢聚一堂、供人享乐的日子。

展开阅读全文

篇8:关于理想英语作文初中

全文共 621 字

+ 加入清单

Teacher is a great job in most students’ eyes. When they are asked what

they want to be in the future, most will say they want to be a teacher and make

a contribution to the society. Indeed, we have access to the teachers all the

time and they have great influence on us. So being a teacher is a ideal job for

most students, but for me, I want to be a librarian. I like reading books so

much and once I have time, I will be immersed in these novels. Books broaden my

vision, though I can’t travel to the places, I can still know about these famous

sites from these books. Being a librarian can make me have a lot of time to

read.

展开阅读全文

篇9:初中英语作文大全

全文共 559 字

+ 加入清单

Now as the coming of June, which means the summer holiday is drawing near.

I am so excited about the holiday. After studying for four months, finally I can

take a break. I have made up some plans. First, I want to go back to my

hometown. I miss the food and my friends. I also like the clean water and the

blue sky. It is such a great time for me to stay in hometown. Second, I will

travel with my parents. They will take me to the different places and let me

look at the world. I gain a lot of knowledge and broaden my vision. I am so

looking forward to my holiday.

展开阅读全文

篇10:初中英语作文:我的优势和不足

全文共 925 字

+ 加入清单

于我们而言,正确地认识我们本身的优势不足是非常重要的,其原因在于它有助于我们提高自身,我们应该自省并且学会认识我们自己是谁

It is important to know our good and bad points because this knowledge will help us to improve ourself. We should examine ourselves and learn who we are.

在自我认识当中,最重要的就是认识自己的优势和不足。举例而言,我是一个身体健康的人,由于这个原因,我可以非常努力地去工作。同时我乐观、谦和并且有礼貌。这些是我的优势。同时,我也存在一些不足。首先就是我脾气有点倔,而且缺乏耐心。在一些时候我也会犯懒,也许有时整天在看电视和吃垃圾食品。可是有这些缺点,我却并不觉得怎样羞愧,因为我了解到了他们,促进我提高了自身

Above all, we should recognize our strengths and weaknesses. For example, I am healthy and fit, so I can work hard. Im also optimistic, humble and polite. These are my strengths. However, I also have weaknesses. For one thing, Im stubborn and a little impatient. Im sometimes lazy as well and can spent a whole day just watching TV and eating junk food. Im not ashamed to admit these bad pints. Knowing what they are lets me focus on improving myself.

编辑点评:这篇文章用词准确、精彩,并且能有自己的观点,是一篇非常优秀的校园作文。我们在平时的学习中,不但要常写常练,还要经常阅读一些好文好句,来提高自己的写作水平。

展开阅读全文

篇11:初中英语作文:写给蒋老师的一封信

全文共 783 字

+ 加入清单

Dear Miss Jiang,

I am writing toshare my ideas about our English class. Now, our main material in the class isthe textbook, which is reasonable. But I think we can get some other resources,such as English magazines, songs, movies and so on. We can learn the basicknowledge from out textbook, and get some more from other materials. Inaddition, those materials are more authentic and practical, which will beuseful to our learning. Besides, by doing so, we can get more fun from learningand develop our interest to English. Please take good consideration of myadvice. Thank you!

Sincerely yours

Bella

尊敬的蒋老师

您好!我写是想和你谈谈我对英语课的想法。现在我们上课用的主要材料是课本,这是合理的。但是我认为我们可以获取一些其他资源,比如英语杂志,歌曲,电影等等。我们可以从课本上学到基本的知识,同时从其他材料获取知识。另外,那些材料更真实和实用,这对于我们的学习会有好处的。此外,通过这样做我们可以从学习中获得乐趣从而培养我们对英语的兴趣。请您认真考虑我的建议,谢谢!

贝拉

展开阅读全文

篇12:怀念的英语作文初中

全文共 1382 字

+ 加入清单

He always rose early to enjoy at least two hours of solitude in the house

and garden before the rest of the family came down In winter he spent most of

the time reading and writing. In sum mer he liked to get out of doors to work in

the kitchen garden or to take the dog for a walk in the neighbouring woods and

fields Whatever the weather, there was plenty to occupy him.

Although he was a creature of habit, there seemed to be an infinite variety

in his pursuits. He wrote book reviews regularly for two of the national

weeklies. He worked conscientiously his special subject, Indian History, and was

thus one of the world authorities on it;

he collected modern abstract paintings and so had a circle of friends

amongst artists and sculptors; there was hardly anything he did not know about

traditional jazz and he often entertained both British and America n jazz

musicians He was a superb cook and knew a lot about French and German food.

His family adored him and in a sense he was spoiled by them. At first

glance you would have taken him for a retired army officer-his bearing was

erect, his hair was cut short, he was fussy about his clothes, which were always

neat, clean and conventional. He liked to keep fit, and this was reflected in

his clear, steady blue eyes and healthy suntanned complexion. He hardly ever

watched TV, but enjoyed a good film and an occasional evening at the

theatre.

展开阅读全文

篇13:初中英语作文题目

全文共 591 字

+ 加入清单

When the autumn comes, the weather will become cool and people can feel the

wind. In my hometown, there will be a famous contest, which is to fly kites.

People come to the field and bring their kites. What a lively scene. The

children are very active and excited. They run to the ground for many times, so

as to make their kites flying higher and higher. It has become a tradition. Some

people even will prepare for a long time. They want to prove that they are the

strong ones. It gives people a good chance to communicate with each other. I

like the atmosphere and enjoy the time with my friends.

展开阅读全文

篇14:关于梦想英语作文初中

全文共 574 字

+ 加入清单

I am studying in a middle school now, it is my second year. If you ask me

what my occupation is, I will answer you that my occupation is student. I have

studied for many years, many students don’t like being a student, but I am not

of them, I enjoy being a student. For me, I don’t have to worry about the money

issue, I can go to play with my friends, the most important thing is, I like

reading all kinds of books. I especially like to read the books about travel. I

have a dream, when I earn enough money, I must travel around the world. So I

must work hard to realize my dream.

展开阅读全文

篇15:给朋友的信初中英语作文

全文共 1030 字

+ 加入清单

假如你是英国学生PETER在北京学习,请按下文给你的朋友MARY写一封谈一下北京和伦敦的异同相同点:北京和伦敦都是首都和重要城市,都拥有众多人口,都是国家经济 政治 文化中心,都拥有许多历史,文化古迹不同点:伦敦;汽车靠左行小学作文 ,很多人坐汽车上班 阴天多 懂汉语人少 学生不充分利用时间

北京:汽车靠右行很多人骑自行车上班 晴天多 懂英语人多 学生学习勤奋

Dear Mary,

I have been living in Beijing for some time now and I find it very interesting here.

There are so many similarities between Beijing and London. They are both the capital of the country and are both very important cities. Both places have huge populations. They are both the economical, political and cultural center. They both have many historical and cultrual

I also found many differences in the two cities. In London we drive on the left side of the road, while in Beijing they drive on the right side. Most people in London go to work via public transportation, here in Beijing most people rides bycicles. In London the weather is always cloudy, here in Beijing most the the time it s sunny. And in London most student don t spend their time efficiently, but here in Beijing many people speak English cause they study hard.

Regards,

Peter

展开阅读全文

篇16:给英语老师的一封信英文带翻译

全文共 2738 字

+ 加入清单

Dear Miss Zhu,

亲爱的周老师

How time flies! It has been a few years since I left high school, but I still remember you in my heart, because you’re the best teacher in my mind. It’s not only because you taught me knowledge, but also you taught me how to study. I have really benefitted a lot from you. So I would like to express my great thanks to you, and share my life in college with you.

时间飞逝!我高中毕业已经几年了,但我仍然把你记在我的心里,因为你是我心目中最好的老师。这不仅是因为你教与我知识,而且你还教我如何学习。从你身上我真的获益匪浅。所以我想向你表达我的感谢,并与你分享我的大学生活。

Now I’m studying in Hunan First Normal College, which is Chairman Mao’s former school. I major in English, because I find it so fun and interesting. As far as I’m concerned, our English Department is the best department in our college. The teachers in our department are knowledgeable, experienced, and warm-hearted. And my classmates are nice, friendly and helpful. Thus, I have a good atmosphere to study. When I have difficulties in study, I always ask my teachers for help or discuss with my classmates. Through their help, I have made great progress in my English study.

我现在在湖南第一师范学校学习,这是主席之前呆过的学校。我的专业是英语,因为我觉得它很有趣。我觉得我们英语系是我校最好的学部。我们系的老师知识渊博,经验丰富,热心肠。我的同学们也很和蔼,友好,乐于助人。因此,我拥有一个很好的学习氛围。当我在学习上遇到困难时,我总是向我的老师寻求帮助或与同学讨论。在他们的帮助下,我在英语学习上取得了很大的进步。

College life is much different from high school life. In college, we should acquire knowledge as well as improve our integrated abilities. There are a lot of English classes for us to learn, such as Basic English, Oral English, Listening, Reading, Writing, Translation, Grammar, English Literature, and so on. I enjoy these classes very much. Except English, we have many other subjects to learn. Life seems so busy here but it’s so fruitful for me.

大学生活与高中生活有很大的不同。在大学,我们要获取知识也要提高我们的综合能力。我们要上很多的英语课,比如,基础英语,英语口语,听力阅读,写作,翻译,语法,英语文学等。我非常喜欢这些课。除英语外,我们还要学习很多其他科目。在这里生活是如此的忙碌,但这对我来说是如此丰硕的收获。

After class, I usually go to the English Corner. There I can practice my oral English by talking with foreigners or chatting with my schoolmates. Now, I’m able to communicate with foreigners well. Sometimes I also take part in some social activities. For instance, last weekend I attended an interesting play. As it was my first performance, I felt a little nervous at the beginning. But when I appeared on the stage, I made every audience laugh happily. I was so proud of myself at that moment, because this was my first achievement.

下课后,我经常去英语角。在那里我可以通过与外国人或我的同学聊天来练习我的英语口语。现在我可以很好的和外国人交流了。有时候我也可以参加一些社交活动。例如,上周我参加了一个有趣的表演。因为是我第一次表演,所以一开始的时候我觉得有点紧张。但当我出现在舞台上时,我让每一个观众都开心的笑了。在那一刻,我为我自己感到骄傲,因为这是我的第一个收获。

What about your present life? I hope to hear from you soon.

你目前生活怎么样呢?希望很快能收到你的回

At last, I hope everything goes well with you. Please give my best regards to your family.

最后,我希望你一切顺利。请代我向你的家人问好。

Sincerely yours,

Jason

詹森

展开阅读全文

篇17:初中毕业的一封信

全文共 818 字

+ 加入清单

亲爱的_老师:

您好!

我是您的学生___,感谢您能在这三年来一直教导我们成长,为我们指引方向。在我们即将离开之际,我做为受您管教和恩惠的学生们的代表,有一些话一直积攒在心里,今天也是时候说出来了。

第一句话是,谢谢您的严格管理。

犹记在我们刚刚升上初一的时候,班上的同学们参次不齐,混乱的如同一盘散沙。是您,先是好言相劝,可惜我们不听。然后您立马的转变用铁腕的管理政策让我们都乖乖听话。虽然您的这种强硬政策一直都在被我们诟病,但是我们班上的同学都知道,如果不是您这样的管理,我们是没办法这样团结的走到今天的地步。

第二句话是,谢谢您对我们的关心。

在当吃___吃坏了肚子的那天,他痛苦的抱住肚子。我们都很着急,但您却比我们更急,简单的问了几句之后,您就架着他走向了医务室。虽然您人走了,但是在走之前却还是不忘叮嘱我们不许吵闹。在之后,我们听代课的老师说您在___的病床旁一直守着,这让我们都非常的感动。

第三句话是,谢谢您对我们的教导。

在我们班上一开始有很多的“懒汉”,对交作业不认真的、背书不负责的,都有。但是您在教学上也一样不放松!面对这些偷懒的同学,你一个个“请去”单独辅导。在您这样的坚持下,我们班上的成绩都有了明显的提高。那些偷懒的同学也畏惧您的“邀请”,变得对学习更加上进,不再“懒惰”了。

第四句话——谢谢您能成为我们的老师!

在这毕业之际,我们都只有这句话是异口同心的,对您的感谢,是我们怎样都无法表达地完的。在这三年来,您的付出我们已经见识了太多太多,您为我们所做的改变也都在我们的眼里。我们知道您其实不是一个严厉的人,您也很爱笑。但是为了能够管理好我们,您将自己变成了一位严师,让自己变得严厉又严格。但是在生活里,您永远是我们的朋友!

现在,我们就要走了,我们就要离开这个充满我们回忆的教室,走出__中学这个桃园。我们知道您会留在这里,做为一个摆渡人再次回到河的对岸。我们会永远的记住您,因为,您永远是我们___班的班主任!

此致

敬礼!

展开阅读全文

篇18:英语作文自我介绍带翻译

全文共 676 字

+ 加入清单

to introduce myself(介绍我自己)

hello,every one!(大家好)

my name is **** . (我叫****)

im a 15 years old boy. (我是一个15岁的男孩)(具体情况自己改)

i live in the beautiful city of rizhao.(我住在美丽的rizhao城)(你可以把rizhao改成自己家乡的城市的名称的拼音)

im an active ,lovely and clever boy.(我是一个活跃的可爱的聪明的男孩) in the school , my favourite subject is maths . (在学校,我最喜欢数学) perhaps someone thinks its difficult to study well .(也许有些人认为这很难学) but i like it.(但我喜欢他)

i belive that if you try your best, everything can be done well.(我相信每件事付出努力就会有害结果)

i also like sports very much.(我也很喜欢运动)

such as,running,volleyball and so on. (像跑步、排球等等)

im kind-hearted.(我很热心)

i hope we can be good friends!(我希望我们能成为好朋友)

ok.this is me .a sunny boy.(好了,这就是我,一个阳光男孩)

展开阅读全文

篇19:短篇英语日记带翻译

全文共 451 字

+ 加入清单

It was sunny and hot today. I got up early at half past six. I read English

and then had breakfast. I helped my mother washed the dishes. Then I did my

homework and cleaned my room. I went shopping with my mother in the afternoon.

Then I played table tennis with my friends. In the evening I watched TV and read

a book. I really had a busy and interesting day.

今天天气晴朗,热。

我在6:30很早就起了床。我读英语然后吃早饭。我帮助母亲洗碗。然后做作业打扫房间。下午我和母亲去买东西。然后和朋友们打乒乓球。晚上我看电视、看书。我今天的确很忙、过得很有趣

展开阅读全文

篇20:初中英语作文大全

全文共 667 字

+ 加入清单

Nowadays, more and more students fall in love in middle schools that

worries teachers and parents. As for me, I don’t agree to puppy love. No matter

admit it or not, puppy love will certainly have negative influence on study,

because it takes much time and energy. But the most important is that middle

school students are not mature enough to operate a relationship. The favorable

impression to others may be the momentary impulse that will not last very long

time. The middle school students are so young and unthoughtful to take the

responsibilities of love. What should they do is put their study in priority and

wait with patience, because true love is worth of waiting.

展开阅读全文