有关初中毕业的英语作文(20篇)

Nowadays, the environment has been polluted seriously. Take my hometown for

example, when I was very small, I could swim in the river and catch fish, but

now, the water is very dirty and there are full of trash. The government has

made many action to return the green and it is everybodys duty to bring the

world some green. March 12th is the tree planting day and students are called to

plant trees. I take part in this activity all the time and the trees I grew last

year have grown much taller. I am so proud of making the world green. Without

it, we could not live for long.

I used to think I had just come to this school. I didnt think that I would leave.

I have already experienced the graduation from the primary school and the separation of the students, now face again to leave, the heart is a lot of nature. When I first entered the campus, I never thought that one day it would have so much dissatisfaction with it. At that time, I felt that this campus would restrict me and limit my freedom. We cant go out for a long time. Our school is closed management, and two weeks off. Once in two weeks, it can only stay on campus.

Over the past three years, there have been many frictions with classmates, but most of them have been harvested for friendship. Contradictions between children can always be solved very quickly. Unhappy things will be thrown away by a candy.

After graduation, I also know that will probably never see some of the students, and primary school students as separate as before, say to the party after graduation, but there is few people can meet again, think about it, if the University, it is more difficult to meet again?

Graduation is always linked to separation.

I graduated. It seems that I cant see each other anymore.

So, I hope that after having experienced the separation again and again, I can cherish the people around me and cherish the people in front of me, for fear that after a certain time, I will never see them again.

Christmas as a grand festival of the west, in addition to the Christmas

tree, also cannot little taste delicious food. Before Christmas Turkey dinner is

a case card main course, people might do in a microwave oven, the holidays a lot

of people now is in outside restaurant to have dinner, merchants can also use

the opportunity to make money out of customers, of course, there are many

Christmas food, ginger bread, candy, and so on.

In addition, people also give gifts to each other, this is the childrens

favorite, often can get lots of presents.

Since I go to middle school, I stay away from home and live in school from Monday to Friday.

The first time for me to leave home made me felt so lonely. I did not have friends here and no one to count on. But I told myself that I needed to try to be independent. So I solved all the problems by myself, I washed my own clothes and cleaned the bed, which were done by my mother before.

I found that I could take care of myself without my parents’ help. What’s more, I made good friends here, we had the same interest and we helped each other in study. A year passed, I learned a lot and became independent.

自从我上中学,我就远离家,住在学校，从星期一到星期五。第一次离开家让我感到如此孤独。在这里我没有朋友,也没有人可以依靠。但我告诉自己,我需要试着去独立。所以我自己解决了所有的问题,我自己洗衣服，整理床铺,在之前是我母亲为我做这些。我发现我能照顾自己，即使没有父母的帮助。更重要的是,我交到了好朋友,我们有同样的兴趣，互相帮助学习。一年过去了,我学到了很多，变得独立。

[初中英语作文：尝试独立

Lucy once was my classmate, but now she has moved to another city. However, we communicate with each other all the time, sharing our lives with each other. When she firstly moved to the new city and went to the new school, she did not adapt very well. But she is outgoing and talkative, it did not take very long time for her to get on well with others. She is so kind that people are likely to make friends with her. Therefore, I do not worry about her in the new environment. I hope she will have a new start in the new city and school and I am sure she certainly will.

露西曾经是我的同学，但现在她已经搬到另一个城市。然而，我们彼此交流，彼此分享我们的生活。当她第一搬到新的城市，去了新学校，她并没有很好地适应。但她是外向和健谈，这并没有花很长的时间让她与别人相处。她很善良，人们很可能和她交朋友。因此，我不担心她在新的环境。我希望她在新的城市和学校有一个新的开始，我相信她一定会。

[初中英语作文：我的朋友

紧张而又富有节奏感的中考终于平安过度.我随爸妈按A计划出游古城----南京.

疲劳的火车旅程让我到达目的地后,卧床不起.最后还是老爸厉害,将南京旅游盛地简介一翻,我被说的迫不及待马上跳床大喊;Lets go!!

不愧是九朝古都，跳入我眼帘的中山陵，依旧显现出当年的叱诧风云.居中整体放眼望去，匀称的古式建筑，闪放出古色古香的历史风格.将军，武士们手拿长矛站在中山陵城门上，显出的雄姿英发，气势磅礴的样子，让我好生崇拜!如果自己能够当一会回武士那会有多么过瘾啊!!

除中山陵就属夫子庙亮丽多彩了.尤其是夜市的 夫子庙更好玩.两条生龙像富有生命力张牙舞爪，一派生机盎然的景象，让人惊的目瞪口呆.我连忙用照相机摄下这美景，也保今生无憾拉.

在街头茶馆遇见几位俄罗斯美女后，我鼓起勇气用英语来向外国朋友打招呼，当时我仍固执的认为他们是英国人呢，最后当然不思而喻，弄了一场笑话.至今想起仍苦笑不得!

南京之旅将成为我人生的宝贵回忆.

Thirty percent choose to enter vocational schools, and the rest ten percent plan to go abroad for further studies.

（1）I think we have more freedom to choose what we would like to do after graduation. Going to college is no longer the only choice for most of us as it was years ago.

OR:（2）I think our city government has made more efforts to help the non-local workers. For example, their children can enjoy the equal right of a good education with the city students.

OR:（3）I think with the economic development of our city, more foreigners are attracted to set up businesses here and they are happy to send their children to local schools to learn more about China and Chinese culture.

I believe the future of the education in our city is promising!

That’s all. Thank you.

女士们，先生们：

我是李华。今天，我非常荣幸地在这里我代表学校。我要谈谈我的城市高中教育。

从图1我们可以看到高中学生来自不同的家庭背景。除了本地学生，谁占百分之九十，百分之八的学生都是非本地工人的子女。甚至有百分之一的外国学生。

根据图2，学生毕业后都选择提出了一个更多元化。其中百分之六十打算去上大学。三成选择进入职业学校，其余百分之十打算去国外深造。

（1）我认为我们有更多的自由选择什么我们想毕业后做。上大学不再是对我们大多数人唯一的选择，因为它年前的事。

或：（2）我认为我们的城市政府作出更多努力，帮助非本地工人。例如，他们的子女可以享受与城市学生良好的教育的平等权利。

或：（3）我与我市经济发展的思考，更多的外国人被吸引到这里设立企业，他们高兴地送子女到当地学校，了解中国和中华文化。

我相信在未来的教育我们的城市是有希望的！

这样就好了。谢谢。

[关于毕业去向的英语作文

I have a lovely family and my families live a happy life. My mother is a farmer.She is fat,but she is beautiful.She has big eyes,a small nose and a small mouth.She is very kind and clever, so she has many friends and she is welcome among my neighbours. My father is a worker. He works long time a day and comes home late. He is always tired.But,my mother often cooks delicious dishes for him and that makes him happy and moved. As for my mother, she regards it as her happiness. I love my parents, although we do not live a rich life, but we are satisfied.

Once a year the Spring Festival is coming, everybody busy couplets, everybody is bursting with happiness atmosphere, very happy, our family is no exception, on the twenty-nine, I just got up, my mother called to my sister and couplets, we posted a big character in the central door, on both sides of the door posted couplets on the "Fu born Xi annual music" the second line is "rich suisui Tim Choi Huan" streamer is "Happy New Year" soon we posted a good, I look at my work very happy.

On New Years Eve, we put on new clothes and set off firecrackers with our sister. A "crackling" sound from our ears through, like thousands of households to send blessings, we are very happy. On the eve of new years Eve, we had dinner, and I watched the Spring Festival Gala with my father, mother and sister. That wonderful performance made my mood open, there was a cross talk, there was a sketch and a song and dance... Very pretty. But I like Xiao Shenyang? Ya egg? Zhao Benshan and the old finished "no money" is so fun.

Lunar New Years day I just woke up and found a gift money pillow, sister, we laugh, and we ate dumplings, went to grandmas home after worship, pay New Years call, grandparents, give us the gift money, but also to eat out, we eat, we are very happy.

I like the new year. Its good for the new year.

The imperial palace, also known as the Forbidden City, is the imperial

palace of the Ming and qing dynasties, which is the largest and most complete

ancient architectural complex in China. I especially want to know the

architecture of ancient palaces and the living environment of ancient

emperors.

One weekend in the golden autumn, the sun is shining and the autumn wind is

crisp. My mother and I went to visit the Palace Museum in the center of the

city. I was very happy.

Enter the gate of the Forbidden City, "wow! Its so big here!" I couldnt

help it. The mother said, "the most spectacular is still in the back!" We first

visited the architectural model of the imperial palace and its construction. I

know that the imperial palace covers an area of over 720,000 square meters, with

more than 9,000 rooms, all wooden structures, and all the wooden structures have

no nails. The palace is the blue and white stone base, the tall roof, the yellow

glazed tile, the pattern of the dragon everywhere, and decorated with the

brilliant color of the golden wall. I observed all the palaces, and found that

the palaces were lined up along the north-south axis, and spread out to the

sides, to the north and south, and to the right and left. I told mom, I found

mother listen to nod a smile, said: "the central axis not only in the Forbidden

City, and nanda YongDingMen, north to the drum tower, almost throughout the

whole city. Its magnificent, well-planned and spectacular.

We have been visiting the taihe temple from the imperial garden. What a

breathtaking view! In the Forbidden City, the most striking is the "three halls"

: the hall of supreme harmony, the hall of harmony, the hall of protection and

the temple. They are all built on the 8-meter-high base of the white jade, which

looks like the qiong yuyu in the myth. The first hall of supreme harmony was the

most magnificent building. People called it the "throne room". It was the place

where the emperor held the grand ceremony. It is 28 meters high, 63 meters, 35

meters north and south, and a large pillar with a diameter of 1 meter. Among

them, six large pillars, one meter in diameter around the throne, are flat

dragon pillars of leached gold. The throne is located at the base of the two

meters high in the temple, with the graceful crane and the top of the furnace,

followed by a carefully carved screen. The whole hall is decorated with golden

walls, which are both majestic and magnificent. The hall of neutralization was

the place where the emperor went to the hall of supreme harmony to take a rest

and exercise etiquette. Baohe and the temple are the place where the emperor

gives banquet to the king of the foreign land every New Year. This is just the

palace buildings, and house decoration is numerous, the rarities of the mother

said: "these treasures is only part of it, when Chiang kai-shek fled to Taiwan

carried away many treasure palace, there are some loss in a foreign country". I

feel sorry for the loss of these treasures. When will these lost treasures

return to the embrace of the motherland? I am looking forward to the reunion of

Taiwan and mainland as soon as possible.

The visit of the Forbidden City made me linger. The Palace Museum is an

unparalleled masterpiece. It is a miracle. Our five thousand years of Chinese

culture are profound and profound, and we should be proud and proud to have

built such a magnificent palace for the ancients. At the same time, we also have

the responsibility to protect these cultural relics from destruction, so that

the five thousand years of splendid civilization of the motherland will be

handed down.

即使要别离，总有一天会相聚。今天的我们，有一天会天南海北，未来的我们，也会在天南海北遇见天南海北的同学们。

不舍，还有30天就毕业了，我们的初中生活就这样结束了么?压抑，沉重，怀念，不舍…挺留恋的，平时说这个不好，说那个有缺点的，越到了这个时候越淡了。初中三年的感情不是说割舍就能割舍的。初三十四，我们爱你。听着一个个同学们重复着这一句话，埋在心里的那根心被深深的触动了。爱的是我们的学校里那个平淡而又温馨的教室，我们的严厉却不失和蔼，和我们一样有着孩子气的老师，我们温暖的集体，和我们班里的每一个人。

留恋，照纪念册时，看到许多早已步入社会的同学已不复那时的天真，眼角也被染上了沧桑。是的，就是沧桑，这个不应该出想在我们这个年龄段的词汇，突然留恋起以前一直抱怨的学校来，不舍得离开这难忘而又平淡的校园。难忘，忘不了

会相聚的，唱着跑调的歌，做着不着调的事，活在小资情调的自我中。这是我梦想的，初中已经实现前两步了。即使要别离，总有一天会相聚。今天的我们，有一天会天南海北，未来的我们，也会在天南海北遇见天南海北的同学们。同学，多么亲切的词啊，这三年来，和同学在一起的时间比父母还要多。或许有过小摩擦，小矛盾，但每个同学真的都是深爱着这个集体，更深爱着集体中的每一个人。

坚强，每一个面临考试的孩子都是坚强的。班级从初二开始就没再变过，刚上初二，班内56个人，再加上中途转进了三个人，和初三拆班又加了四个，该是六十三名同学，可是现在班里只有37个，使得少得可怜。一腔会抱怨为什么不学习还要混日子，可是自从班里的同学一批批的走后，班里就少了人气，空荡荡的。坐在位子上，从一堆卷子里爬出来时，一回头，看到空了的教室，又时不时的怀念教室里人满为患，唧唧喳喳的样子。很矛盾，对吧!但我们是真的想你们。最近总看到有初三学生走在路上，走着走着，就泪流满面。是的，泪滑过眼角，铺满了脸。听到同学互相起誓，将来一定要出人头地，叫来一定好好努力，我要养得起你们。是的，会的，我们都信。

长亭外，古道边，芳草碧两天。碧草连天，我们也是天。终有一天我们会成为父母的天，未来子女的天，未来妻子丈夫的天。我希望，将来能成为每一个同学的助力，能够帮着同学们扛。所以我们要坚强，我们要努力，要挺起胸膛，亮出我们广阔的肩膀，抬起我们的脸，一起撑起这片天。

[送给即将毕业的我们初中3年级作文

“终于还是走到这一天，要各自飞向自己的世界“没次听这首歌都带有点伤感，因为我即将毕业，有的人对毕业很开心，因为他们自由了。对于我呢……有一天晚上我做在我的卧室，呆呆的坐了一晚不为别的，就是不知道改怎么办?要毕业那天我知道大家一定会很高兴，但那都只是表面的。

或许是我自己想得太多了吧，或许我应该更认真，更努力去面向未来。而不是在这发呆……但是毕竟在一起读了三年了。三年以来每次开心的时刻都时时的浮现在我眼前。哎——有想太多了。

现在大家更关心的应该是中考吧，因为那将是像我们老师所说的――人生的转折点。快毕业了，我该喜还是忧。忧，忽然产生这个词。我为何忧呢?我应该努力去迎接中考!

现在心情乱呀，或许是自己过多的想吧。想，晕，人总是不知不觉老想想。既然这样，不如早点毕业吧，中考早点来吧。当然，想想还是慢点好。因为我可以多一点时间去想这三年的快乐时光;因为我可以多一点时间去复习，备考;因为我可以多一点……

忽然发现自己累了，差点忘记了。自己还有一大堆作业等着做呢。

毕业!毕业!

[初中毕业感想作文

篇一： Times flys. My summer holiday is coming to the end. My holiday is just so so. It is not too much difference as before. At the biginning of the vacation, I was doing my homework. After all, study comes first. After I finished my homework, it was almost the end of July. It is the time for me to help my family for harvest. It is so tired to to the farm work. Howevr, being a member of our family, I have to give a hand. Watching the achievement, I felt proud though I just help a little. After finished the farm work, I found myself become much more tan. Who cares! It was my happy time, when I finished all the things. I went out with my friends almost everyday. Sometimes we played games or sport or went hiking. Sometimes we went shopping in the evening for the sun is too heavy in the daytime. We felt uncomfortable. But now there are two days left before the school opening time. So I have to stay at home for a good rest to store energy for my study. Everything is so perfect. It is 11 o’clock. I think I have to say good ninght now.

时间飞逝。我的暑假就要结束了。我的假期一般般。在假期一开始的时候，我写家庭作业。毕竟，学习是最重要的嘛。我做完作业后，几乎到了七月底了。是时候帮助家人收获了。干农活是如此的累。然而，作为家庭的一员，我不得不帮忙。虽然我只是帮了一点点，但是看着那些成果我感到很骄傲。干完农活后，我发现自己变得更黑了。不过，谁在乎呢。当我完成了所有的事情就是我的快乐时光。我几乎每天都和我的朋友出去玩。有时我们玩游戏或运动或去爬山。有时我们晚上出去购物，因为白天太阳太烈了。我们觉得难受。但现在离开学还有两天的时间。所以我必须呆在家里为学习养精蓄锐。一切都是那么的美好。现在已经十一点了。我想是该说晚安的时候了。

篇二：

Summer holiday is from July to August .It s a long time for me to do all kinds of things . I like visiting some places of

interest . And I like travelling by train . It takes me too much time , but it saves money .Sometimes I stay at home and do

my homework , sometimes I help my parents do some house work. When my parents are free , we often go to the park or

the zoo , and we have a good time there . I have a good summer holiday .

我的夏日假期暑假从7月至8。这山对我来说长的时间做各种事情。我喜欢参观一些地方的利益。我喜欢坐火车旅行。这要花我太多的时间，但它可以节省资金。有时候，我留在家里做功课，有时我帮助我的父母做一些家务。当我的父母都是免费的，我们经常去公园或动物园，我们有一个好的一段时间。我有一个愉快的暑假。

篇三：

My summer holiday begun on July 7th.I love summer holiday because I dont have to go to school and I can enjoy myself with my friends.I often spend the mornings doing my homework.And I always watch TV in the afternoon at home because its very hot outside.And in the evening,I go swimming with my family and then hang out with my friends.I love swimming very much.

我的暑假7月7日开始。我喜欢暑假，因为我不用去学校，可以和朋友玩。我经常在上午做作业，下午在家看电视，因为外面很热。傍晚，我和家人去游泳然后和朋友去逛街。我很喜欢游泳。

My plan for August is travelling.I travel with my family every summer holiday.I like travelling because I can go to different places and meet different people.Sometimes I make good friends during the journey.And its very sad to say goodbye to them when the journey ends.

我八月份的计划是去旅游。我每个暑假都和家人去旅游。我喜欢旅游是因为我可以去不同的地方认识不同的人。有时候我在旅途中交到了好朋友。旅途结束和他们告别的时候我觉得很难过。

[初中英语作文我的暑假3篇

Guo Jingming is a famous writer in China. I think all the students have

known him. He is also my favourite writer. He was born in 1983. He has published

many books, such as "Visionary"," The Summer Still Doesnt Come"…These books are

very touching.

I often cry and shed bitter tears while I am reading his books. I thought

he was a pessimistic person but now I think he is sensational person. He doesnt

want to grow up judged by this. I think he is pure and naive. Although he is a

writer, he studies well.

I admire him very much. His words are common, but they make people feel

quite close to him. I hope he can write better articles and I want to be a

writer like him when I grow up.

My mothers English name is Amy. She is thirty-five years old. She is very nice .

She has a long hair and two black eyes. And she has a small mouth and a small nose. She doesnt look very beautiful and tender,but her eyes look nice and shes a little bit fat.

My mother loves me very much. She is good at cooking. She likes singing. Every day, she will sing many songs. When I take a good look at her,I can see her winkle which was appeared by concerning about me. Besides,there has already accrued some white hair.

Maybe my mom is just a normal person in others eyes ,but in my heart,she is a great mom.

Today is Saturday. I stay at home with my parents.

My mother said that today we should do some cleanings. I agreed and I would

like to help.

I cleaned the windows. It was really a tough job.

Now matter how hard I tried, they seemed dirty all the same. Therefore, I

asked for help.

My mother teached me a method to clean the windows.

It realy worked. And then I cleaned the floor. It was much easier than

cleaning the windows. I did it in a short time. My parents praised me.

There are many traditional festivals, such as Spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival China.

But I like best is in the traditional festivals -- the Dragon Boat festival. The Dragon Boat Festival custom is to eat dumplings. Come to the Dragon Boat Festival, each and every family began to busy zongzi, adults take two Take Ha together, and then add the rice and other spices, pack into a three-dimensional triangle, then string wrapped tight. There are a lot of, dumplings taste such as: sugar, meat stuffing, add egg yolk and so on Even the shape of zongzi is various, such as: round, triangle.

Let me see see things in a blur. After a while, my mother put the package dumplings and steamed, after half an hour, my mother put the dumplings on the table, I saw the dumplings like a fat baby, I am unable to hold oneself back to pick up a zongzi, poke it leaves, I saw inside the rice from the color change to yellow color, I be overcome by ones feelings. A taste, ah! Delicious unspeakable.

Suddenly, I heard outside came the waves of "hey hey", "Hey" slogan, I quickly looked out of the window, I saw the dragon boat on a person in the drum, there are eight people in the oars, and the players were regularly shouting, rowing, one and all full of vigor and vitality, and be in fine Fig. See that a boat like a branch launch out of the arrow as rushed forward. On the shore of the cheerleaders are loudly of shout; "cheer", "add oil"! Dragon heard to shout "refueling" seems to be faster.

Ah! The Dragon Boat Festival can eat the delicious dumplings, but also can watch wonderful dragon boat race, is really fun! I really hope that every day is the festival that is good!

Marie Curie, as a distinguished female scientists, In eight years time, and just 3,000 were of two different disciplines on the highest scientific crown -- Nobel Prize and the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

No one has admitted she let such a beautiful and delicate woman to bear the cross of science,and she is going without looking back, in the history of mankind and left their names be eternal. Marie Curies life for the contribution it has made remarkable man. As a great woman, she has won the love and admiration for the people of the world.

However, she refused lifelong wealth, the honor and regard with indifference. She naturally behave but not disclosed to bear fruit, and she has not taken any of the fish for fame, neither helpless. Marie was born with the quality: unwavering character, intellectual perseverance; know all contributions to the spirit of self-sacrifice and not accept any benefits; success is not particularly proud of, scourge can bend the very purity of the soul. Shes all that. Her colorful life than work, or even more commendable.

十月一日正好是国庆节，也就是祖国妈妈的生日。

每当国庆节来临之际，单位的门上挂起了灯笼，甚至上面都插上了彩旗，门上还张贴了“欢度国庆”四个大字。公园、大街小巷的树上都挂了灯笼。街道两边都摆满了五颜六色的鲜花。到处洋溢着节日气氛。

为了迎国庆，我们有的写作，有的画画，并且要从里面选出几个最好的作品贴在后面，办一个国庆专栏，作为送给祖国妈妈的生日礼物。

祝祖国妈妈生日快乐!

October is just the National Day, that is, the mothers mothers birthday.

When the National Day approaching, the unit hung on the door of the lantern, and even above the plug in the banners, the door also posted the "celebrate the National Day" four characters. Park, the streets of the trees are hung with lanterns. Both sides of the street are filled with colorful flowers. Filled with festive atmosphere everywhere.

In order to meet the National Day, we have some writing, some painting, and from the inside to choose a few best works posted in the back, do a national celebration column, as the mothers birthday gift to the motherland.

I wish my mother a happy birthday!

What kind of environment should be? Ought to be beautiful, but also should

be to let people feast for the eyes, but now all of you take a look at the

environment, beautiful? Let people feast for the eyes? The answer is no.

So what should we do? Today, Ill give you some advice to protect the

environment, the content is as follows:

We live earth is deteriorating rapidly, did we have to pay attention to

their own living environment cause harm to nature, you must not throw sundry,

especially those serious pollution of garbage, waste batteries, for example,

because the section waste batteries contain heavy metals, if flow to clean the

water, it is very much pollution, then try to save trees made items such as

paper, pencils, because waste these things is the destruction of the forest.

Also try to use less disposable lunch box, chopsticks and plastic bags and other

items, so as to avoid unnecessary waste and reduce waste.

There are some tips: walking to closing the master switch, in order to

avoid electrical appliances overheating explosion, a waste of money and waste of

electricity, save water, to shut the tap when brushing your teeth, wash dish

water to rice, rice water to water the flowers, wash water can sweep the floor,

so we can reduce some waste. 12 dont hunt wild animals, animal protection is

absolutely cant kill, but dont kill the common animals such as frogs, because

frogs eat 15000 bugs for us, and most are pests. Some people often dont think

that is, the stubborn still, so we should try to eat less wild animals, lead to

wild animals, the drop in sales no longer killing of wild animals.

Our forest is called oxygen plant, so to take good care of flowers and

plants, not to destroy the city greening, and actively participate in. But also

to cut down trees less, dont waste wood items, because waste these things is to

destroy the forest, so be used sparingly, to protect the forests of less and

less.

Use energy saving lamps to replace the ordinary light bulb, although some

expensive but can use less electricity. I appeal to you: in our daily actions to

protect earths environment, let our children and grandchildren live in a

beautiful environment!

It is known to all that Newton got the great inspiration from the falling

apple as he was walking pass a tree. This apple changed and promoted the social

civilization. Many people play the joke that if the apple hits on their heads,

maybe they can be the next Newton. Actually, apple is just the stimulation to

help Newton to figure out his thoughts. If it hits on other peoples heads, it

is just the ordinary incident and nothing special. The meaning of life is to

keep searching. Everyone can make a difference if they keep thinking, and

inspiration will come sooner or later. At that time, the success will be at

hand.