0

大学生英语基础写作(最新20篇)

导语:在高考的考场上,怎样能够让作文以巧取胜、以新取胜、以精取胜,关键在于能否掌握丰富的写作素材。下面是开学吧小编为大家整理的写作素材,欢迎阅读与借鉴,谢谢!

浏览

700

作文

727

高考英语写作必背的180个句式

全文共 29238 字

+ 加入清单

导语:冰冻三尺,非一日之寒,练习英语写作也是一样,三天打鱼两天晒网是不行的,必须得持之以恒的练习,才会有进步。下面是yuwenmi小编为还在备考的同学整理的优秀英语素材,欢迎阅读与借鉴,谢谢!

1. According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.

依照最近的一项调查,每年有4,000,000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。

2. The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.

最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。

3. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.

没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。

4. People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.

人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。

5. An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.

越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。

6. When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.

说到教育,大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。

7. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a persons physical fitness.

许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。

8. Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful

effects of international tourism.

应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量,努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响。

9. An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution.

越来越多的专家相信移民对城市的建设起到积极作用。然而,越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法,他们抱怨民工给城市带来了许多严重的问题,像犯罪和卖淫。

10. Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus, which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers.

许多市民抱怨城市的公交车太少,以至于他们要花很长时间等一辆公交车,而车上可能已满载乘客。

11. There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.

无可否认,空气污染是一个极其严重的问题:城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。

12. An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement.

一项调查显示妇女欢迎退休。

13. A proper part-time job does not occupy students too much time. In fact, it is unhealthy for them to spend all of time on their study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

一份适当的业余工作并不会占用学生太多的时间,事实上,把全部的时间都用到学习上并不健康,正如那句老话:只工作,不玩耍,聪明的孩子会变傻。

14. Any government, which is blind to this point, may pay a heavy price.

任何政府忽视这一点都将付出巨大的代价。

15.Nowadays, many students always go into raptures at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin. Unfortunately, for most young people, it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus.

当前,一提到即将开始的学校生活,许多学生都会兴高采烈。然而,对多数年轻人来说,校园刚开始的日子并不是什么愉快的经历。

16. In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get worse.

考虑到问题的严重性,在事态进一步恶化之前,必须采取有效的措施。

17. The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.

大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力,而这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的。

18. It is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to face the dangers of starvation and exposure.

无可争辩,现在有成千上万的人仍过着挨饿受冻的痛苦生活。

19. Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.

尽管这一观点被广泛接受,很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点、任何年龄进行。

20. No one can deny the fact that a persons education is the most important aspect of his life.

没有人能否认:教育是人生最重要的一方面。

21. People equate success in life with the ability of operating computer.

人们把会使用计算机与人生成功相提并论。

22. In the last decades, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.

在过去的几十年,先进的医疗技术已经使得人们比过去活的时间更长成为可能。

23. In fact, we have to admit the fact that the quality of life is as important as life itself.

事实上,我们必须承认生命的质量和生命本身一样重要。

24. We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.

我们应该不遗余力地美化我们的环境。

25. People believe that computer skills will enhance their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.

人们相信拥有计算机技术可以获得更多工作或提升的机会。

26. The information Ive collected over last few years leads me to believe that this knowledge may be less useful than most people think.

从这几年我搜集的信息来看,这些知识并没有人们想象的那么有用。

27. Now, it is generally accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduation.

现在,人们普遍认为没有一所大学能够在毕业时候教给学生所有的知识。

28. This is a matter of life and death--a matter no country can afford to ignore.

这是一个关系到生死的问题,任何国家都不能忽视。

29. For my part, I agree with the latter opinion for the following reasons:

我同意后者,有如下理由:

30. Before giving my opinion, I think it is important to look at the arguments on both sides.

在给出我的观点之前,我想看看双方的观点是重要的。

31. This view is now being questioned by more and more people.

这一观点正受到越来越多人的质疑。

32. Although many people claim that, along with the rapidly economic development, the number of people who use bicycle are decreasing and bicycle is bound to die out. The information Ive collected over the recent years leads me to believe that bicycle will continue to play extremely important roles in modern society.

尽管许多人认为随着经济的高速发展,用自行车的人数会减少,自行车可能会消亡, 然而,这几年我收集的一些信息让我相信自行车仍然会继续在现代社会发挥极其重要的作用。

33. Environmental experts point out that increasing pollution not only causes serious problems such as global warming but also could threaten to end human life on our planet.

环境学家指出:持续增加的污染不仅会导致像全球变暖这样严重的问题,而且还将威胁到人类在这个星球的生存。

34. In view of such serious situation, environmental tools of transportation like bicycle are more important than any time before.

考虑到这些严重的状况,我们比以往任何时候更需要像自行车这样的环保型交通工具。

35. Using bicycle contributes greatly to peoples physical fitness as well as easing traffic jams.

使用自行车有助于人们的身体健康,并极大地缓解了交通阻塞。

36. Despite many obvious advantages of bicycle, it is not without its problem.

尽管自行车有许多明显的优点,但是它也存在它的问题。

37. Bicycle cant be compared with other means of transportation like car and train for speed and comfort.

在速度和舒适度方面,自行车是无法和汽车、火车这样的交通工具相比的。

38. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that advantages of bicycle far outweigh its disadvantages and it will still play essential roles in modern society.

通过以上讨论,我们可以得出结论:自行车的优点远大于缺点,并且在现代社会它仍将发挥重要作用。

39. There is a general discussion these days over education in many colleges and institutes. One of the questions under debate is whether education is a lifetime study.

当前在高校和研究机构对教育存在着大量争论,其中一个问题就是教育是否是个终身学习的过程。

40. This issue has caused wide public concern.

这个问题已经引起了广泛关注。

41. It must be noted that learning must be done by a person himself.

必须指出学习只能靠自己。

42. A large number of people tend to live under the illusion that they had completed their education when they finished their schooling. Obviously, they seem to fail to take into account the basic fact that a persons education is a most important aspect of his life.

许多人存在这样的误解,认为离开学校就意味着结束了他们的教育。显然,他们忽视了教育是人生重要部分这一基本事实。

43. As for me, Im in favor of the opinion that education is not complete with graduation, for the following reasons:

就我而言,我同意教育不应该随着毕业而结束的观点,有以下原因:

44. It is commonly accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduate.

人们普遍认为高校是不可能在毕业的时候教会他们的学生所有知识的。

45. Even the best possible graduate needs to continue learning before she or he becomes an educated person.

即使最优秀的毕业生,要想成为一个博学的人也要不断地学习。

46. It is commonly thought that our society had dramatically changed by modern science and technology, and human had made extraordinary progress in knowledge and technology over the recent decades.

人们普遍认为我们的现代科技使我们的社会发生了巨大的变化,近几十年人类在科技方面取得了惊人的进步。

47. Now people in growing numbers are beginning to believe that learning new skills and knowledge contributes directly to enhancing their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.

现在越来越多的人开始相信学习新的技术和知识能直接帮助他们获得工作就会或提升的机会。

48. An investigation shows that many older people express a strong desire to continue studying in university or college.

一项调查显示许多老人都有到大学继续学习的愿望。

49. For the majority of people, reading or learning a new skill has become the focus of their lives and the source of their happiness and contentment after their retirement.

对大多数人来讲,退休以后,阅读或学习一项新技术已成为他们生活的中心和快乐的来源。

50. For people who want to adopt a healthy and meaningful life style, it is important to find time to learn certain new knowledge. Just as an old saying goes: it is never too late to learn.

对于那些想过上健康而有意义的生活的人们来说,找时间学习一些新知识是很重要的,正如那句老话:活到老,学到老。

51. There is a general debate on the campus today over the phenomenon of college or high school students doing a part-time job.

对于大学或高中生打工这一现象,校园里进行着广泛的争论。

52. By taking a major-related part-job, students can not only improve their academic studies, but gain much experience, experience they will never be able to get from the textbooks.

通过做一份和专业相关的工作,学生不仅能够提高他们的专业能力,而且能获得从课本上得不到的经验。

53. Although peoples lives have been dramatically changed over the last decades, it must be admitted that, shortage of funds is still the one of the biggest questions that students nowadays have to face because that tuition fees and prices of books are soaring by the day

近几十年,尽管人们的生活有了惊人的改变,但必须承认,由于学费和书费日益飞涨,资金短缺仍然是学生们面临的最大问题之一。

54. Consequently, the extra money obtained from part-time job will strongly support students to continue to their study life.

因此,业余工作挣来的钱将强有力地支持学生们继续他们的求学生活。

55. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that part-time job can produce a far-reaching impact on students and they should be encouraged to take part-time job, which will benefit students and their family, even the society as a whole.

通过上面的讨论,我们不难得出结论:业余工作对学生们会产生深远的影响,我们应鼓励学生从事业余工作,这将有利于学生和他们的家庭,甚至整个社会。

56. These days, people in growing numbers are beginning to complain that work is more stressful and less leisurely than in past. Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it.

现在,越来越多的人们开始抱怨工作比以前更有压力。许多专家指出这是现代社会发展必然的结果,无法避免。

57. It is widely acknowledged that computer and other machines have become an indispensable part of our society, which make our life and work more comfortable and less

laborious.

人们普遍认为计算机和其他机器已经成为我们社会必不可少的一部分。 它们使我们的生活更舒适,减少了大量劳动。

58. At the same time, along with the benefits of such machines, employees must study knowledge involved in such machines so that they are able to control them.

同时,随着这些机器带给我们的好处,员工们也必须要学习与之相关的知识以便使用它们。

59. No one can deny the basic fact that it is impossible for average workers to master those high-technology skills easily.

没有人能否认这一基本事实:对于一般工人来讲,轻松掌握这些技术是不可能的。

60. In the second place, there seem to be too many people without job and not enough job position.

第二方面,失业的人似乎太多而又没有足够的工作岗位。

61. Millions of people have to spend more time and energy on studying new skills and technology so that they can keep a favorable position in job market.

成千上万的人们不得不花费更多的精力和时间学习新的技术和知识,使得他们在就业市场能保持优势。

62. According to a recent survey, a growing number of people express a strong desire to take another job or spend more time on their job in order to get more money to support their family.

根据最近的一项调查,越来越多的人表达了想从事另外的工作或加班以赚取更多的钱来补贴家用的强烈愿望。

63. From what has been discussed above, I am fully convinced that the leisure life-style is undergoing a decline with the progress of modern society, it is not necessary a bad thing.

通过以上讨论,我完全相信,随着现代社会的进步,幽闲的生活方式正在消失并不是件坏事。

64. The problem of international tourism has caused wide public concern over the recent years.

近些年,国际旅游的问题引起了广泛关注。

65. Many people believe that international tourism produce positive effects on economic growth and local government should be encouraged to promote international tourism.

许多人认为国际旅游对经济发展有积极作用,应鼓励地方政府发展国际旅游。

66. But what these people fail to see is that international tourism may bring about a disastrous impact on our environment and local history.

但是这些人忽视了国际旅游可能会给当地环境和历史造成的灾难性的影响。

67. As for me, Im firmly convinced that the number of foreign tourists should be limited, for the following reasons:

就我而言,我坚定地认为国外旅游者的数量应得到限制,理由如下:

68. In addition, in order to attract tourists, a lot of artificial facilities have been built, which have certain unfavorable effects on the environment.

另外,为了吸引旅游者,大量人工设施被修建,这对环境是不利的。

69. For lack of distinct culture, some places will not attract tourists any more. Consequently, the fast rise in number of foreign tourists may eventually lead to the decline of local tourism.

由于缺乏独特的文化,一些地方不再吸引旅游者。因此,国外旅游者数量的快速增加可能最终会导致当地旅游业的衰败。

70. There is a growing tendency for parents to ask their children to accept extra educational programs over the recent years.

近些年,父母要求他们的孩子接受额外的教育呈增长的势头。

71. This phenomenon has caused wide public concern in many places of world.

这一现象在全世界许多地方已引起了广泛关注。

72. Many parents believe that additional educational activities enjoy obvious advantage. By extra studies, they maintain, their children are able to obtain many kinds of practical skills and useful knowledge, which will put them in a beneficial position in the future job markets when they grow up.

许多家长相信额外的教育活动有许多优点,通过学习,他们的孩子可以获得很多实践技能和有用的知识,当他们长大后,这些对他们就业是大有好处的。

73. In the first place, extra studies bring about unhealthy impacts on physical growth of children. Educational experts point out that, it is equally important to take some sport activities instead of extra studies when children have spent the whole day in a boring classroom.

首先,额外的学习对孩子们的身体发育是不利的。教育专家指出,孩子们在枯燥的教室里呆了一整天后,从事一些体育活动,而不是额外的学习,是非常重要的。

74. Children are undergoing fast physical development; lack of physical exercise may produce disastrous influence on their later life.

孩子们正处于身体快速发育时期,缺乏体育锻炼可能会对他们未来的生活造成严重的影响。

75. In the second place, from psychological aspect, the majority of children seem to tend to have an unfavorable attitude toward additional educational activities.

第二,从心理上讲,大部分孩子似乎对额外的学习没有什么好感。

76. It is hard to imagine a student focusing their energy on textbook while other children are playing.

当别的孩子在玩耍的时候,很难想象一个学生能集中精力在课本上。

77. Moreover, children will have less time to play and communicate with their peers due to extra studies, consequently, it is difficult to develop and cultivate their character and interpersonal skills. They may become more solitary and even suffer from certain mental illness.

而且,由于要额外地学习,孩子们没有多少时间和同龄的孩子玩耍和交流,很难培养他们的个性和交际能力。他们可能变得孤僻甚至产生某些心理疾病。

78. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that, although extra studies indeed enjoy many obvious advantages, its disadvantages shouldnt be ignored and far outweigh its advantages. It is absurd to force children to take extra studies after school.

通过以上讨论,我们可以得出结论:尽管额外学习的确有很多优点,但它的缺点不可忽视,且远大于它的优点。因此,放学后强迫孩子额外学习是不明智的。

79. Any parents should place considerable emphasis on their children to keep the balance between play and study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

任何家长都应非常重视保持孩子在学习与玩耍的平衡,正如那句老话:只工作,不玩耍,聪明的孩子会变傻。

80. There is a growing tendency for parent these days to stay at home to look after their children instead of returning to work earlier.

现在,父亲或母亲留在家里照顾他们的孩子而不愿过早返回工作岗位正成为增加的趋势。

81. Parents are firmly convinced that, to send their child to kindergartens or nursery schools will have an unfavorable influence on the growth of children.

父母们坚定地相信把孩子送到幼儿园对他们的成长不利。

82. However, this idea is now being questioned by more and more experts, who point out that it is unhealthy for children who always stay with their parents at home.

然而,这一想法正遭受越来越多的专家的质疑,他们指出,孩子总是呆在家里,和父母在一起,是不健康的。

83. Although parent would be able to devote much more time and energy to their children, it must be admitted that, parent has less experience and knowledge about how to educate and supervise children, when compared with professional teachers working in kindergartens or nursery schools.

尽管父母能在他们孩子身上投入更多时间和精力,但是必须承认,与工作在幼儿园的专职教师相比,他们在如何管理教育孩子方面缺乏知识和经验。

84. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that, although the parents desire to look after children by themselves is understandable, its disadvantages far outweigh the advantages.

通过以上讨论,我们可以得出如下结论:尽管家长想亲自照看孩子的愿望是可以理解的,但是这样做的缺点远大于优点。

85. Parents should be encouraged to send their children to nursery schools, which will bring about profound impacts on children and families, and even the society as a whole.

应该鼓励父母将他们的孩子送到幼儿园,这将对孩子,家庭,甚至整个社会产生深远的影响。

86. Many leaders of government always go into raptures at the mere mention of artistic and cultural projects. They are forever talking about the nice parks, the smart sculptures in central city and the art galleries with various valuable rarities. Nothing, they maintain, is more essential than such projects in the economic growth.

只要一提起艺术和文化项目,一些政府领导就会兴奋不已,他们滔滔不绝地说着美丽的公园,城市中心漂亮的雕塑,还有满是稀世珍宝的艺术展览馆。他们认为在经济发展中,没有什么比这些艺术项目更重要了。

87. But is it really the case? The information Ive collected over last few years leads me to believe that artistic and cultural projects may be less useful than many governments think. In fact, basic infrastructure projects are playing extremely important role and should be given priority.

这是真的吗?这些年我收集的信息让我相信这些文化、艺术项目并没有许多政府想象的那么重要。事实上,基础设施建设非常重要,应该放在首位。

88. Those who are in favor of artistic and cultural projects advocate that cultural environment will attract more tourists, which will bring huge profits to local residents. Some people even equate the build of such projects with the improving of economic construction.

那些赞成建设文化艺术项目的人认为文化环境会吸引更多的游客,这将给当地居民带来巨大的利益。一些人甚至把建设文化艺术项目与发展经济建设等同起来。

89. Unfortunately, there is very few evidence that big companies are willing to invest a huge sums of money in a place without sufficient basic projects, such as supplies of electricity and water.

然而,很少有证据表明大公司愿意把巨额的资金投到一个连水电这些基础设施都不完善的地方去。

90. From what has been discussed above, it would be reasonable to believe that basic projects play far more important role than artistic and cultural projects in peoples life and economic growth.

通过以上讨论,我们有理由相信在人们的生活和经济发展方面,基础建设比艺术文化项目发挥更大的作用。

91. Those urban planners who are blind to this point will pay a heavy price, which they cannot afford it.

那些城市的规划者们如果忽视这一点,将会付出他们无法承受的代价。

92. There is a growing tendency these days for many people who live in rural areas to come into and work in city. This problem has caused wide public concern in most cities all over the world.

农民进城打工正成为增长的趋势,这一问题在世界上大部分城市已引起普遍关注。

93. An investigation shows that many emigrants think that working at city provide them with not only a higher salary but also the opportunity of learning new skills.

一项调查显示许多民工认为在城市打工不仅有较高的收入,而且能学到一些新技术。

94. It must be noted that improvement in agriculture seems to not be able to catch up with the increase in population of rural areas and there are millions of peasants who still live a miserable life and have to face the dangers of exposure and starvation.

必须指出,农业的发展似乎赶不上农村人口的增加,并且仍有成千上万的农民过着缺衣挨饿的贫寒生活。

95. Although rural emigrants contribute greatly to the economic growth of the cities, they may inevitably bring about many negative impacts.

尽管民工对城市的经济发展做出了巨大贡献,然而他们也不可避免的带来了一些负面影响。

96. Many sociologists point out that rural emigrants are putting pressure on population control and social order; that they are threatening to take already scarce city jobs; and that they have worsened traffic and public health problems.

许多社会学家指出民工正给人口控制和社会治安带来压力。他们正在威胁着本已萧条的工作市场,他们恶化了交通和公共卫生状况。

97. It is suggested that governments ought to make efforts to reduce the increasing gap between cities and countryside. They ought to set aside an appropriate fund for improvement of the standard of peasants lives. They ought to invite some experts in agriculture to share their experiences, information and knowledge with peasants, which will contribute directly to the economic growth of rural areas.

建议政府应该努力减少正在拉大的城乡差距。应该划拨适当的资金提高农民的生活水平;应该邀请农业专家向农民介绍他们的经验,知识和信息,这些将有助于发展农村经济。

98. In conclusion, we must take into account this problem rationally and place more emphases on peasants lives. Any government that is blind to this point will pay a heavy price.

总之,我们应理智考虑这一问题,重视农民的生活。任何政府忽视这一点都将付出巨大的代价。

99. Although many experts from universities and institutes consistently maintain that it is an inevitable part of an independent life, parents in growing numbers are starting to realize that people, including teachers and experts in education, should pay considerable attention to this problem.

尽管来自高校和研究院的许多专家坚持认为这是独立生活不可避免的一部分,然而越来越多的家长开始意识到包括教师和教育专家在内的人们应该认真对待这一问题。

100. As for me, it is essential to know, at first, what kind of problems young students possible would encounter on campus.

我认为,首先应看看学生们在校园可能遇到哪些问题。

121. on the one hand, it is indisputable that boarding schools are exerting a growing important effect, especially in last few years.

一方面,寄宿学校正在发挥越来越重要的作用,尤其是最近几年,这是无可争辩的。

122. students attend a boarding school would cultivate their independence as apart from their parents.

离开父母上寄宿学校的学生将会培养他们的独立性

123. whats more, living in school can save them a great deal of time on the way between home and school everyday, so they would be able to concentrate more time and energy on their academic work.

而且,生活在学校里能节省大量每天往返于学校和家的路上的时间,这会使他们有更多的时间和精力放在学习上。

124. on the other hand, the contribution of day schools cant be ignored.

另一方面,日制学校的贡献是不能忽视的。

125. due to high tuition fee, most of ordinary families cannot afford to send their children to boarding schools.

因为较高的学费,大部分普通家庭支付不起他们的孩子上寄宿学校的费用。

126. since it is unnecessary to consider students routinelife, day school can lay stress on teaching instead of other aspects, such as management of dormitory and cafeteria.

由于无需考虑学生的日常生活,日制学校可以将重点放在教学上而不是放在像宿舍和食堂管理这些方面。

127. furthermore, students living in their own home would have access to a comfortable life and have more opportunities to communicate with their parents, which have beneficial impact on development of their personal character.

而且,学生生活在自己家中,有舒适的生活,并有更多机会和父母交流,这对他们个性的培养是有利的。

128. from what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that both of day schools and boarding schools are important to train young students for our society.

通过以上讨论,我们可以得出结论,寄宿学校和日制学校对我们社会培养年轻学生都是重要的。

129. there is much discussion over science and technology. one of the questions under debate is whether traditional technology and methods are bound to die out when a country begins to develop modern science and technology.

关于科学技术存在许多争论,其中一个问题是当国家发展现代科学技术时,传统的技术方法是否可能会消亡?

130. as for me, the declining of traditional technology and methods is not a bad thing; it is the natural result of progress of society.

我认为,传统技术方法的消亡不一定是坏事,这是社会进步的自然结果。

131. in the first place, some aspects of the traditional technology and methods are harmful and hampering the development of modern technology science.

首先,传统技术方法有些部分是有害的,并且会阻碍现代科技的发展。

132. although modern science and technology have proved that such methods are absurd, there are still millions of people use such methods in many remote places nowadays.

尽管现代科学技术已经证明了这些方法是愚昧的,然而在许多偏僻的地方,仍有成千上万的人们在使用这些方法。

133. in the second place, many values of traditional technology are out of date and should be replaced by modern science.

第二点,许多传统技术方法已经过时,应被现代科技所取代。

134. although many people tend to live under the illusion that traditional technology and methods are still playing extremely important role in peoples life, an increasingevidences show that it is less useful than many people think.

尽管许多人保持着传统观念,认为传统技术方法在人们生活中仍发挥着重要作用,但是越来越多的证据显示它并没有人们想象的有用。

135. from what has been discussed above, i firmly believe that time will prove that traditional technology and methods would die out with the development of modern science and technology. the maintenance of the traditionaltechnology and methods is futile.

通过以上讨论,我坚定地相信时间会证明传统技术方法将会随着现代技术的发展而消亡,坚持传统技术方法是徒劳的。

136. at the time when technology means ever more harmful carbon in the air we breathe, we need these forests now more than ever.

当技术的发展意味着我们会吸入更多有害气体时,我们比任何时候更需要森林。

137. nothing is more important than to receive education.

没有比接受教育更重要的事。

138. we cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.

我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。

139. there is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.

无可否认,我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。

140. it is universally acknowledged that trees are

indispensable to us.

全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。

141. there is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.

毫无疑问,我们的教育制度令人不满意。

142. an advantage of using the solar energy is that it wont create any pollution.

使用太阳能的优点是它不会产生任何污染。

143. the reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.

我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。

144. so precious is time that we cant afford to waste it.

时间是如此珍贵,我们不能浪费它。

145. rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.

虽然我们的国家很富有,但是我们的生活质量却令人很不满意。

146. the harder you work, the more progress you make.

你越努力,你越进步。

147. the more books we read, the more learned we become.

我们书读得越多,我们越有学问。

148. to average people, they often tend to live under the illusion that english often means a good opportunity for ones career, is this really the case?

对于一般人来说,他们常常以为掌握英语就意味着一份好的工作,然而这是真的吗?

149. by taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.

通过体育锻炼,我们能够始终保持健康。

150. listening to music enables us to feel relaxed.

听音乐能使我们放松。

151. on no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.

我们绝对不能忽视知识的价值。

152. it is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.

该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。

153. those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.

违反交通规则的人应该受到处罚。

154. there is no one but longs to go to college.

人们都希望上大学。

155. since the examination is around the corner, i am compelled to give up doing sports.

既然考试迫在眉睫,我不得不放弃作运动。

156. it is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.

可想而知,知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。

157. summer is sultry. thats the reason why i dont like it.

夏天很闷热,这就是我不喜欢它的原因。

158. the progress of the society is based on harmony.

社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。

159. we should bring home to people the value of working hard.

我们应该让人们知道努力的价值。

160. taking exercise is closely related to health.

作运动与健康息息相关。

161. we should get into the habit of keeping good hours.

我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。

162. the condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired.

我们的交通状况令人不满意。

163. smoking has a great influence on our health.

抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。

164. reading does good to our mind.

读书对心灵有益。

165. overwork does harm to health.

工作过度对健康有害。

166. pollution poses a great threat to our existence.

污染对我们的生存造成巨大威胁。

167. we should do our best to achieve our goal in life.

我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。

168. weather a large family is a good thing or not is a very popular topic, which is often talked about not only by city residents but by farmers as well.

家庭人口多好还是家庭人口少好是一个非常通俗的主题,不仅是城里人,而且农民都经常讨论这个问题。

169. as is known to all, fake and inferior commodities harm the interests of consumers.

众所周知,假冒伪劣商品损害了消费者的利益。

170. today an increasing number of people have realized that law education is of great importance. in order to keep law and order, every one of us is supposed to get a law education.

现在,愈来愈多的人认识到法制教育的重要性。为了维护社会治安 ,我们每人都应该接受法制教育。

171. from what i have mentioned above, we can see clearly that violence on tv has great influence on youngsters behavior.

从上面我所提到的,我们可以清楚地看到,电视暴力对青少年的影响是极其深远的。

172. there are two reasons for the improvement in peoples living conditions. in the first place, we have been carrying out the reform and opening-up policy. secondly, there has been a rapid expansion of our national economy. furthermore, the birth rate has been put under control.

人民生活状况的改善原因有两点。首先,我们一直在贯彻执行改革开放政策。其次,国民经济正在迅速发展,而且出生率已经得到控制。

173. my suggestions to deal with the problem are as follows. to begin with, it is urgent to create nature reserves. secondly, certain rare wild animals that are going to be extinct should be collected, fed and reproduced artificially. finally, those who hunter them must be punished severely.

我对解决这个问题的建议如下:首先,迫在眉睫的是建立自然保护区。其次,有些濒临灭绝的珍稀野生动物应该收捕、人工喂养并繁殖。最后,对于捕猎珍稀野生动物的人必须严惩。

174. people differ in their attitudes towards failure. faced with it, some of them can stand up to it, draw useful lessons from it and try hard to fulfill what they are determined to do. others, however, lose heart and give in.

人们对失败持有不同的态度。面对失败,有人能够经得起考验,从失败中汲取教训,并努力去完成他们下定决心要做的事情。然而,另一些人却丧失信心并退却了。

175. it is desirable to build more hospitals, shopping centers, recreation centers, cinemas and other public facilities to meet the growing needs of people.

人们希望建立更多的医院、购物中心、娱乐中心、电影院和其他公用设施来满足人们日益增长的需求。

176. as a popular saying goes, "everything has two sides." now the public are benefiting more and more from scientific and technological inventions. on the other hand, the progress of science and technology is bringing us a lot of trouble. people in many countries are suffering from public hazards.

常言道:事情总是一分为二的。如今人们从科技发明中得到越来越多的好处。另一方面,科技进步也给我们带来了许多麻烦。现在许多国家 的人民饱受公害之苦。

177. lets take cars for example. they not only pollute the air in cities, but make them crowded. furthermore, they are responsible for a lot of traffic accidents. the noise made by cars disturbs the residents living on both sides of streets all day and night.

就拿汽车为例。汽车不仅污染城市空气,而且使城市拥挤不堪。此外,汽车造成许多交通事故。汽车所产生的噪音使居住在街道两旁的居民日夜不得安宁。

178. it is generally believed that the chief reason for the increase in population in developed countries is not so much the rise in birth rates as the decline in death rates as a result of the improvement in medical care.

普遍认为,在发达国家人口增长的主要原因与其说是出生率的上升,还不如说是由于医疗保健的改善使死亡率下降了。

179. there is no doubt that the increase in demand caused the rise in prices.

毫无疑问,需求的增长导致了价格的上涨。

180. additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements-themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.

由于人口的猛增或大量人口流动(现代交通工具使这种流动相对容易)引发的种种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。

展开阅读全文

更多相似作文

篇1:关于写好读后感的写作基础

全文共 1419 字

+ 加入清单

导语:读后感是指读了一本书,一篇文章,一段话,几句名言,一段音乐,或一段视频后,把具体感受和得到的启示写成的文章,读后感也可以叫做读书笔记,是一种常用的应用文体,也是应用写作研究的文体之一。简单说就是看完书后的感触。那么怎样才能写好读后感呢?小编跟大家分享关于如何写到读后感的写作基础!

从结构上看,一篇读后感至少要有三个部分的内容组成:一是要介绍原作的篇名内容和特点;二是根据自己的认识对原作的内容和特点进行分析和评价,也就是概括地谈谈对作品的总体印象;三是读后的感想和体会。即一是说明的部分,二是要有根据评价作品的部分,三是有感而发,重点在“感”字上。

首要的一点是“读”。“读”是感的基础,“感”是由“读”而生。只有认真的读书,弄懂难点疑点,理清文章的思路,透彻的掌握文章的内容和要点,深刻地领会原文精神所在,结合历史的经验、当前的形势和个人的实际,才能真有所“感”。所以,要写读后感,首先要弄懂原作。

其次要认真思考。读后感的主体是“感”。要写实感,还要在读懂原作的基础上作出自己的分析和评价。分析和评价是有所“感”的酝酿、集中和演化的过程,有了这个 分析和评价,才有可能使“感”紧扣原作的主要思想和主要观点,避免脱离原作,东拉西扯,离开中心太远。

所以,写读后感就必须要边读边思考,结合历史的经验,当前的形势和自己的实际展开联想,从书中的人和事联系到自己和自己所见的人和事,那些与书中相近、相似,那些与书中相反、相对,自己赞成书中的什么,反对些什么,从而把自己的感想激发出来,并把它条理化,系统化,理论化。总之,想的深入,才能写的深刻感人。

然后,要抓住重点。读完一篇(部)作品,会有很多感想和体会,但不能把他们都写出来。读后感是写感受最深的一点,不是书评,不能全面地介绍和评价作品。因此,要认真地选择对现实生活有一定意义的、有针对性的感想,就可以避免泛泛而谈,文章散乱,漫无中心和不与事例挂钩等弊病 。

怎样才能抓住重点呢?

我们读完一部作品或一篇文章后,自然会受到感动,产生许多感想,但这许多感想是零碎的,有些是模糊的,一闪而失。要写读后感,就要善于抓住这些零碎、甚至是模糊的感想,反复想,反复作比较,找出两个比较突出的对现实有针对性的,再集中凝神的想下去,在深思的基础上加以整理。也只有这样,才能抓住具有现实意义的问题,写出真实、深刻、用于解决人们在学习上、思想上和实践上存在问题的有价值的感想来。

最后,要真实自然。就是要写自己的真情实感。自己是怎样受到感动和怎样想的,就怎样写。把自己的想法写的越具体、越真实,文章就会情真意切,生动活泼,使人受到启发。

从表现手法上看,读后感多用夹叙夹议,必要时借助抒情的方法。叙述是联系实际摆事实。议论是谈感想,讲道理。抒情是表达读后的激情。叙述的语言要概括简洁,议论要准确,抒情要集中。三者要交融一体,切忌空话、大话套话、口号。

从表现形式上看,也有两种:一种是联系实际说明道理的。这是用自己的切身体会和具体生动的事例,从理论和实践的结合上阐明一个道理的正确性,把理论具体化、形象化,使之有血有肉,有事有理,以事明理,生动活泼。另一种是从研究理论的角度出发,阐发意义。根据自己的研究和理解,阐明一个较难理解的思想观点,或估价一部作品的思想意义。它的作用是从理论上帮助读者加深对原文的理解。这一种读后感的重点仍在“感”字上,但它的理论性较强,一定要注意关照议论文论点鲜明、论据典型、中心明确突出等特点。

展开阅读全文

篇2:关于初三英语写作技巧汇总

全文共 1728 字

+ 加入清单

一、认真审题,切中题意

《中考考试说明》指出,书面表达要切中题意。看到考题后,先不要急于动笔,要仔细看清题目要求的内容,在自己的头脑中构思出一个框架或画面,确定短文的中心思想,不要匆匆下笔,看懂题意,审清格式、体裁、人物关系、故事情节、主体时态、活动时间、地点等。

二、围绕中心,拟定提纲

书面表达评分原则有四条:(1)内容要点;

(2)运用词汇和结构的数量;

(3)运用语法结构和词汇的准确性;(4)上下文的连贯性。

由此可见,要点是给分的一个重要因素。为了防止写作过程中遗漏要点,同学们要充分发挥自己的观察力,把情景中给出的各个要点逐条列出。注意短文字数不要低于或超过规定的字数太多。

三、语言通顺,表达准确

(1)避免使用汉语式英语,尽量使用

自己熟悉的句型。几种句型可交替使用,以避免重复和呆板。

(2)多用简单句型,记事、写人一般都不需要复杂的句型。可适当地使用陈述句、一般疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。不用或少用非谓语或情态动词等较复杂的句型。

(3)注意语法、句法知识的灵活运用。(4)描写人物时,要生动具体,例如:①外表特征:tall,short,fat,thin,strong,weak,ordinary-looking等;②内心境界:

glad,happy,sad,excited,anxious,interested等;③感情描写:love,like,hate,feel,laugh,cry,smile,shout等;④动作描写:come,go,get,have,take,bring,fetch等。

(5)上下文要连贯。上下文的连贯性也是评分的一条原则,同学们应注意下面过渡的用法:①表示并列关系的过渡词:and,aswellas,or等;②表示转折关系的过渡词:but,yet,however等;③表示时间关系的过渡词:first,andthen,

finally,after,before,atlast,atthattime,later,inthepast,immediately,inthe

meanwhile等;④表示空间关系的过渡词:near(to),far(from),inthefrontof,beside等;⑤表示比较关系的过渡词:inthesameway,justlike,justas等;⑥表示对照关系的过渡词:but,still,yet,however,ontheotherhand等;⑦表示递进关系的过渡词:also,and,then,too,inaddition,moreover,again等;⑧表示因果关系的过渡词:because,since,then,thus,otherwise,so,therefore,asaresult等;⑨表示解释说明的过渡词:forexample,infact,inthiscase,for,actually等。

四、不会表达,另辟蹊径

中考作文给分是以要点和语言准确度而定,不以文采打分。造句越简单准确越好,造复合句容易出错,容易被扣分,阅卷场上有句话:“错误面前人人平等,文采好不加分。”如遇到个别要点表达不出来或难以表达,可采用变通的办法,化难为易,化繁为简。总之,所造句子要正确、得体、符合英语表达习惯。

五、锦上添花,量力而行

如果你还有时间和精力,想把书面表达写得更好,那么,请注意以下几点:(1)句型多样化,不要i(we)……到底,使人觉得乏味;(2)适当使用一些并列句或主从复合句;(3)进一步描绘人或事物时,适当使用定语从句;(4)适当使用分词或分词短语,烘托谓语动词;(5)偶尔使用一下倒装句,增加新鲜感;(6)适当调换一下状语在句子中的位置,使句子不雷同;(7)上下句子紧接时,其中完全相同的成分可以省略,以节省篇幅。

六、书写工整,卷面整洁

字迹要清晰,让阅卷人看得清楚,不可字迹潦草,难以辨认,要保持卷面的整洁。

七、检查错误

检查错误应从以下几个方面入手:(1)格式是否有错;(2)拼写有无错误;(3)语言是否用错;(4)时态、语态错误;(5)标点错误;(6)人称是否用错。

总之,只要平时同学们多练习写作并有意运用上述方法和技巧,合理分配时间,在中考时一定能写出高质量的作文,得到令人满意的考分。

展开阅读全文

篇3:腊八节的由来_英语作文写作素材

全文共 1473 字

+ 加入清单

Since ancient times first, laba is used to worship our ancestors and gods (including the goalkeeper, door god, house, kitchen, JingShen) sacrifice ceremony, praying for harvest and good luck., according to the si ji jiao, features "records, la is the" age of December, and get together to share everything without cable also."Dynasty called LaRi jia ping, shang dynasty to the qing si ", the zhou dynasty as the "big wax";Because the held in December said the month for the twelfth month, called the Greek festival this day LaRi.LaRi of pre-qin period after the winter solstice of the third day of the Buddhism was introduced later, at home in order to expand the influence by lines of traditional culture on the laba festival as the Buddha into way.Buddhism prevailed, followed the Buddha into day and LaRi fusion, known as a magic weapon "festival" in the field of Buddhism.Northern and southern dynasties began to fixed in the day.

According to the load: "three xu-gou after the winter solstice day god Greek festival."Visible, the third xu-gou days after the winter solstice was LaRi.Since Buddhism after intervention, LaRi change on December 8, since xiangyan into the vulgar.

自先上古起,腊八是用来祭祀祖先和神灵(包括门神、户神、宅神、灶神、井神)的祭祀仪式,祈求丰收和吉祥。据《祀记·郊特牲》记载,腊祭是“岁十二月,合聚万物而索飨之也。”夏代称腊日为“嘉平”,商代为“清祀”,周代为“大蜡”;因在十二月举行,故称该月为腊月,称腊祭这一天为腊日。先秦的腊日在冬至后的第三个戌日,后来佛教传入,为了扩大在本土的影响力逐附会传统文化把腊八节定为佛成道日。后随佛教盛行,佛祖成道日与腊日融合,在佛教领域被称为“法宝节”。南北朝开始才固定在腊月初八。

《说文》载:“冬至后三戌日腊祭百神。”可见,冬至后第三个戌日曾是腊日。后由于佛教介入,腊日改在十二月初八,自此相沿成俗。

展开阅读全文

篇4:写作基础知识:应用文的写作

全文共 1762 字

+ 加入清单

所谓应用文是人们在生活、学习、工作中为处理实际事物而写作,有着实用性特点,并形成惯用格式的文章。小编收集了写作基础知识:应用文的写作。欢迎阅读。

一、结构的含义和作用

1.掌握结构的含义应用文的结构,是运用材料以表现主题的有序安排,是客观事物条理性在文章中的反映,为文章的组织形式和内部构造。文章的结构具有两重含义:一是宏观结构,即文章的总体构思、大体框架;二是微观结构,即对文章的层次、段落、开头、结尾、过渡、照应和主次的具体设计。2.了解结构的作用结构好比文章的骨架,是安排文章的具体形式,是将材料化为文章的手段之二。结构是表现主题的手段,是准确表达主题的必由之路,也是引导读者领会文章思想内容的向导。写文章只有找到恰当完美的结构形式,才能把主题和材料组合在一起,形成一个完美有机的整体。其作用具体表现在:

(1)使文章言之有体。应用文大多有较固定的结构形态,它是人们在长期写作实践中经过选择,逐步找到的最适合表现某种内容的最佳形式,也称之为“程式”。如简报、书信和行政公文类文书,具有相当固定的惯用格式。

(2)使文章言之有序。合理安排文章结构,就是根据一定的思路,将零散的材料组织起来,使之眉目清楚地成为一个有机的整体。

(3)使文章言之有文。精心安排文章结构,可以增加文章的文采,从而增强其可读性。

二、安排结构的条件

1.了解思路的含义及思路与结构的关系

在文章结构的两重含义中,总体构思是具体设计的前提和基础。总体构思也就是人们常说的“言有序”,是指对材料的安排要有次序,这体现了作者的思路。思路是安排结构的条件。

1、思路的含义

思路是作者思维活动的路线,是作者在头脑中梳理、组织内容材料的过程和结果。它是作者对客观事物自身条理性的观察、理解。

作者思路清晰,结构必然有条不紊;作者思路不清晰,结构必然紊乱。经过选择的材料,只有经过合理的组织安排,使之条理化、系统化,组成一个有机的整体,才能准确鲜明地表现既定的主题。

2、思路与结构的关系

在写作构思阶段,作者的思维活动异常活跃。确立主题,选择好材料,并进而考虑如何表达主题和如何安排材料,由此逐渐形成一条清晰、连贯、独到的思维活动路线——思路。此时,文章的大体框架已在作者的头脑中“闪现”出来。等到作者用书面语言把思路表达出来时,文章的结构也就具体安排好了。因此,作者思路与文章结构的关系极为密切。具体表现为以下三点:

(1)思路是形成结构的基础和内核。结构是文章最主要的表现形式。要使结构完整、严谨、匀称,动笔前,就需要作者匠心独运,形成清晰、连贯并具独创性的思路,进而“外化”成纲目清晰、严谨周密的结构。但是,文章反映客观事物,决不是对其原始形态的简单搬抄和复制,而是在符合客观事物发展规律基础上的主观创造。因此,不同的作者。不同的文体有不同的思路。思路开阔而有创见,文章的结构就新颖独特;思路狭窄而落俗,会使文章的结构板滞僵死;思路紊乱,文章的条理就必然不清;思路松散,文章的结构就不可能严密紧凑。

(2)结构是思路的体现和反映。结构是思路的外显形式和文字载体。思路严密清晰,文章结构才能完整、严谨、清晰,主题才能得以准确地表达;思路紊乱、疏漏和闭塞,文章则会逻辑混乱、言而无序、首尾不能圆合。

2.了解锻炼思路的基本要求及锻炼思路的方法

(1)注意思路的条理性和逻辑性,使之清晰、周密、连贯。清晰,指展开思路要有顺序、有层次,同时对材料要加以区分和归类。周密,指思路要周到、严密,没有疏漏和缺损,不要顾此失彼,自相矛盾。连贯,指思维活动过程及其表达不仅要注意外在的次序,而且要处理好各个意思之间存在的衔接、并列、转折、因果、总分等内在联系,做到气脉贯通、流畅。

(2)注意思路的灵活性、独创性,使之活跃、开阔、敏捷。活跃与开阔,是指思路的开展要打破思维定势,进行多向探索,使之灵活、新颖而富有个性。敏捷是指思路的展开、梳理直至成型这一过程应该灵敏、迅速,使文章结构紧凑、气势流转而顺畅。

(3)养成良好的思维习惯。一是养成有序思考问题的习惯,由浅入深、由表及里、由此及彼。二是加强逻辑思维能力的训练。应用写作主要靠逻辑思维,要遵循“提出问题——分析问题——解决问题”这一认识规律。

(4)写作前要通盘思考,立足于写作意图、目的和所用文体特点,确定如何起笔,主体分几个部分展开,怎样收尾。

展开阅读全文

篇5:公共基础知识经典写作句式

全文共 1422 字

+ 加入清单

写作中,考生能够适当运用一些专业性的句子,可以提升文章的专业性。下面是小编收集整理的公共基础知识经典写作句式,希望对您有所帮助!如果你觉得不错的话,欢迎分享!

经典句式一:

坚持以人为本、确保安全,明确职责、加强监管,全程控制、信息公开,健全制度、完善标准,依法行政、责任追溯的原则

一要精心组织,妥善做好善后处理工作。

二要查清原因,严肃追究相关人员责任。

三要全面整顿,恢复奶制品市场的正常秩序。

四要制定并落实好促进奶业振兴和持续健康发展的政策措施。

五要明确职责,严格食品安全监管。

六要健全法制,为食品安全监管提供法律保障。

经典句式二:

紧紧抓住国家大力促进中部地区崛起的宝贵机遇

以昂扬向上的斗志、坚忍不拔的毅力、求真务实的作风,

全力以赴保增长,千方百计保民生,加大力度保稳定

不断迈出富民兴赣新步伐,以优异成绩迎接新中国成立60周年。

经典句式三:

既肯定成绩、总结经验,又正视问题、查找不足

全面推进社会主义经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设以及生态文明建设和党的建设

增强宏观调控的预见性、针对性、有效性,着力转变发展方式、调整经济结构,努力保障和改善民生。

我国经济下行压力加大,企业经营困难,就业问题突出。

从长期看,发展方式粗放和结构性矛盾仍然突出,产业结构不合理,自主创新能力不强,保持农业稳定发展、农民持续增收难度加大,经济增长的资源环境代价过大,安全生产和食品药品质量安全形势严峻,关系群众切身利益的问题需要加大解决力度。

关键是要把科学发展观转化为自觉行动,转化为推动科学发展的坚强意志、谋划科学发展的正确思路、领导科学发展的实际能力、促进科学发展的政策措施。

要坚定信心、迎难而上、狠抓落实

不断提高党的执政能力、保持和发展党的先进性,把党的政治优势和组织优势转化为推动经济社会又好又快发展的强大力量

真正达到党员干部受教育、科学发展上水平、人民群众得实惠的目标,努力把各级党组织建设成为贯彻落实科学发展观的坚强堡垒、把干部队伍建设成为贯彻落实科学发展观的骨干力量。

经典句式四:

深入分析形势,认真总结经验,着力查找问题,研究改进措施

使党的政治优势和组织优势转化为推动军队建设科学发展的强大力量

使工作指导体现时代性、把握规律性、富于创造性

经典句式五:

要学会“正听”——发扬民主、广开言路;学会“侧听”——通过间接渠道听到不同意见,包括反对意见;学会“兼听”——听取各个层次、各个方面的意见。只有这样,才能真正听到“原生 态”的民声,并针对不同的问题对症下药,收到药到病除之效。

乐于听,才能放下架子、认真听取;善于听,才能学会兼听、辩证分析;敢于听,才能排除阻力、听取真言。

经典句式六:

迎难而上,锐意进取, 共克时艰

发展,是我们党执政兴国的第一要务。越是在经济发展面临困难的时候,我们越要坚持发展是硬道理的战略思想。

越是在困难的时候,我们越要高度关注民生、切实保障民生、积极改善民生。

权为民所用、情为民所系、利为民所谋

时刻保持那么一种越是困难越向前的气概,那么一种攻坚克难促发展的劲头

经典句式七:

保增长、扩内需、调结构、促改革、惠民生

必须把保持经济平稳较快发展作为20xx年经济工作的首要任务。要着力在保增长上下功夫。

把扩大内需作为保增长的根本途径。

把加快发展方式转变和结构调整作为保增长的主攻方向。

把深化重点领域和关键环节改革、提高对外开放水平作为保增长的强大动力。

把改善民生作为保增长的出发点和落脚点。

其中,促进就业成了20xx年的最大民生考题。

展开阅读全文

篇6:基础训练五作文写作指导教案

全文共 359 字

+ 加入清单

题目:我家的一个星期天

一、教学目的、要求:

1.作文前列出提纲。

2.按一定顺序叙述。

3.把主要事情写具体些。

二、教学时间:2课时

三、教学准备:教学小黑板

四、教学过程:

㈠启发谈话,导入新课。

星期天你们家是怎样度过的?哪一个星期天你过得最愉快、最有意义?说给大家听听。

指导作文提纲。

1.这次作文的题目可以怎么定?(学生发言)

可以用“我家的一个星期天”,也可以自己另外定题目,强调题目一定要紧扣文章内容来定。

2.选好写哪一个星期天以后,再想一想用什么题目,表达什么中心思想,材料怎样安排,然后列一个作文提纲。

㈢学生各自列作文提纲,教师指导。

㈣请几个学生读自己列的提纲,教师酌情评议指导。

㈤提出具体作文要求。

1.写作时要按提纲来写,做到有顺序。

2.把主要的事重点写。

3.做到有中心,有条理,语句通顺。

㈥学生写作,教师巡视指导。

展开阅读全文

篇7:大学生英语日记

全文共 2690 字

+ 加入清单

Life is like a long flowing river. How much meaningful things are worth doing? In this long river, maybe it is the most meaningful thing in my life. This road is elusive, how many people have encountered setbacks and give up the road, so that they can not continue, this road is called - Logistics and.

"There is no royal road to There is no end for learning. suffering for the boat from Chinas Tang Dynasty famous poet and philosopher Han Yus famous Association, the young Su Dongpo thought has no do not read the book, the book is a couplet:" know the word all over the world, make the world read the book". After a man pointing to: "strenuously know the word all over the world, determined to make the world read the book". The "Si Ku Quan Shu Zong Zuan Ji Xiaolan wrote an antithetical couplet:" the ups and downs of officialdom for Hagdon; death books like bookworm". Lian described himself as "bookworm", a love of reading it. These popular ages dont know how much the antithetical couplet inspired the children very hard. One thing in our life is the most meaningful reading, only strenuously reading is likely to change their own destiny, reading is not forced, but from the bottom of my heart to feel his beauty, this is the highest realm!

A few years ago, I just think I lived a life that day light of heart from care, very beautiful, have ample food and clothing. But the parents are not eternal, they may not have been with us, we can not always rely on parents, we must also be self-reliance, strenuously hard, with their own efforts to grasp their own destiny. And today I finally understand the meaning of reading. That day, I walk leisurely in the square, suddenly I heard a loud noise, "what are you doing? Do you steal? An angry boss, angrily pointing to a thin young man, said. "No, boss, I dont," replied the young man. "Do you still quibble, I carefully alarm, give you fired" boss suddenly be furious. "Boss, I beg you, dont dismiss me, my home and the disabled mother is in urgent need of treatment, please!" The young man said to the boss on his knees. "You do not admit it," said the boss. "I was wrong, I was wrong, I admit," the young mans face seemed very helpless. The people there were all very angry, and my heart was deeply shocked! From now on I aspire to strenuously reading, because I want to change my life, I dont want to be the law of the jungle society eliminated. In this society, we only study hard and grasp their own destiny, in order to create a light, so that they can have a foothold in society!

This is the most meaningful thing in my heart, I will continue to work hard, to create a bright stage with my own efforts, and let out brilliant light!

展开阅读全文

篇8:关于雅思如何准备写作之基础篇

全文共 1060 字

+ 加入清单

对绝大多数学生来说,写作雅思4门考试中最难的。很多同学从来就没有用英文写过文章,但写作反应一个人的综合英语水平,它又是4门中最重要的。对于基础班的同学来说,他们最大的问题是词汇和语法,而语言恰恰是写作的评分标准之一,没有好的语言,思路和结构再好也没有用。所以提高语言运用的准确性是第一个要解决的问题。我最近刚开始教一个基础班,第一次不限字数让学生写一个印象最深的人。交上来的文章出现最大的问题就是语言表达。他们的思路很好,内容也比较充实,但是语法错误通篇都是,词汇量也很小。

对于这种情况,首先要做的就是帮助他们梳理语法结构。因为这些学生有一定的英语基础但是很不扎实,语法虽然知道但是漏洞很多,我给他们讲解语法时尽量简单,比如讲到动词不定式的复合结构作主语的情况时,必须要用形式主语来表示。学生会觉得这些理论知识很难记,这时我就让他们背这样一个一般结构:It is +adj+for sb. to do sth. 写作的最终目的是要写出准确的句子,所以在讲语法时给学生总结一些句型比单纯的讲语法会更容易让他们接受。又如,在讲到当动词不定式作定语时,一般与被修饰词有动宾关系,如果动词不定式为不及物动词,则在动词不定式后加上相应的介词。很多学生刚听这个会觉得很抽象,我就举了这个例子:Please give the child a pen to write with. 在判断到底要不要在动词后面加介词时,只要把to后面的动词和相应的宾语做一个动宾搭配,看意思是否正确即可,因为只能说write with a pen(用笔写),而不能说write a pen(写笔)。

语法的问题解决了,下面就是词汇量的问题了。我曾经给一个基础班的同学作过练习,发现他们的词汇量不算特别少,但是却很少会用一些固定搭配和句型。写作光有单词不行的,所以在强调词汇量的时候一定要突出词组和句型的重要性。对于一些基本的词组搭配可以参考四六级,有时候也要做些总结,如在讲到prefer这个字是,我要求学生熟记它的三个用法:prefer A to B;prefer doing A to doing B;prefer to do A rather than do B.不少学生一直搞不清prefer怎么有时候可以加to do, 有时候又能加doing, 光解释一致性原则他们还是会用错,所以就让他们记住这三个固定用法吧,所有人都会用了。在基础词组掌握了之后,可以补充一些和大小作文相关的词汇,让他们逐渐熟悉起考试的一些固定用法,为将来正式写作打下基础。

展开阅读全文

篇9:剧本写作基础:剧本写作入门

全文共 3378 字

+ 加入清单

要想写好剧本,就必须懂得剧本的基本知识和理论,搞明白电影的规律,小编收集了剧本写作入门,欢迎阅读。

简单来说,要写好一个故事,首先要构思好你的故事走向,人物关系,情节高潮,主题思想等…… 美国好莱坞有一套编剧规律:即开端、设置矛盾、解决矛盾、再设置矛盾,直至结局。中国也有自己的编剧规律:起、承、转、合。

在下面的文字,本人会分类将写作剧本的基本和重要的元素详加论述,并会举出实例加以说明。

剧本基本理论 :态度、主题

>

写故事最重要的是对故事的态度,不同的态度会产生不同的效果。举一个简单的例子,同样是写一个青楼女子的故事,如果作者是以一个淫秽、色情的态度去写,故事自然集中于男女之间欢爱的部份。相反,如果作者是以一个同情、尊重的态度去写,故事便会集中于描写青楼女子被迫卖身,身不由己的可怜、无奈……

>

在下笔写故事之前,你必须要问自己:你要讲一个怎样的故事?是朋友之间的友情(如电影午夜牛郎—midnight cow boy),男女之间的爱情(铁达尼号—Titanic),外星人入侵地球的故事(天煞地球反击战),还是一个控诉战争的故事(杀戮战场—platon)等。这就是主题。

主题必须十分明确、贯彻、毫不怀疑。你不能写一套战争片段,一时就怀疑战争,一时就歌颂战争。主题有如一支指南针,它会引导你创作故事,和贯穿故事中的枝节。而最重要的是它能避免你在写作中偏离主道。试举一例,清朝皇帝雍正在野史是一个杀弟、杀父夺位,强奸弟弟妻子的禽兽。但在雍正皇朝(早期亚视播出的电视剧)作者笔下的雍正,却是一个好皇帝。因为作者的主题是要写一个好皇帝,所以在故事中只会见到雍正彻夜不眠批奏章、视察农民、减税、推行德政等场面,并没有杀弟、杀父等场面。

所以,一套成功的剧本是要让观众看完后,清楚明白作者想表达的思想和主题。

创造角色冲突 (create character conflict)

角色冲突是吸引观众的不二法门。这包括故事角色和角色之间的冲突,角色和他自身价值观的冲突等。

>

故事里的人物想做一些事,但有一股力量抗衡他,这就是Potogonist /Antogonist

例如电影怒火风暴(Falling Down)故事中,主角刚刚经历完痛苦的劳狱生涯,当他出狱时,他一心想见回自己的妻子,重过正常人的生活(Potogonist,他想追求的事)。但他的妻子逃避他,不认他,而四周的人也因他的犯罪纪录而歧视他(Antogonist,阻止他达到目的的力量)。

>

当角色和角色之间存在冲突,而且有一个不能分开的结把他们拉在一起,好戏便来了。举一个简单的例子,男主角的妻子是个三姑六婆、八卦的女人,而男主角的母亲则是个守礼节的传统妇女。因为环境的因素,主角和他的妻子必须搬进家里和妈妈一起住。试想两个完全冲突的人:媳妇和奶奶被一个 unbreakable bond 拉在一起时,会是怎样。

创造表面张力 (create dramatic tension)

>

例如故事中的主角闯进了敌人的基地,有支枪在黑暗处伸出来瞄准着他(观众知道但主角不知道),敌人就快要开枪了,观众也为主角担心。

>

主角的母亲病了,他全身家只有一百元,于是他便去睹场碰碰运气。很好运地,主角不停地赢钱,已有几千元,有足够的医药费了。但他竟然贪胜不知输,继续赌下去,结果输了一局又一局(观众已知他已走在一条错误的路上)。最后连手上的一百元也输了,竟然还去问大耳窿借钱(他用错误的方法企图达到目的)。

>

故事中某些事件若存着时间的限制,或计时炸弹,能够给观众一股紧张的情绪,并且这股紧张情绪能维持一段长时间。

还有十二个小时,陨石便会撞击地球,地球上超过一半的生物会死亡。(电影--陨石撞地球)

这辆巴士必须维持在时速一百二十公理,否则车上的炸弹便会爆炸。(电影--生死时速)

>

使用转折点能制造意外的效果,引起观众的预期心理,加强情节张力,从而持续观众对故事的兴趣。转折点最常出现于故事的前段和后段。剧本前段的转折点一般用于开启故事和陈列出主角即将面临的各项选择。至于后段的转折点则指向主角解决危机,收拢故事。

例如著名电影「生于七月四日」(Born on the fourth of July),主角在故事开始面临第一个转折点:是否要参加越战。主角最后选择参战,走上战场。但好景不常,在战争中主角被打破了双脚,要终生坐轮椅。原本爱国主战的他经历了多件事件后,改变了他的想法。导致故事结局出现了很出人意表的转折点,他由主战派变成反战派,从而带出反战的主题。

其它技巧

>

相信有作文的人都会知道什么叫做伏笔吧!埋下伏线可以吸引观众追看剧情。例如在电影心计中,主角汤美一早便表露了他有模仿人签名和行为的能力(伏线),到故事发展到他杀了有钱人迪奇后,观众凭借伏线已经估到主角会假冒迪奇。

>

所谓 Payoff,就是最能象征整个故事的对象。例如在电影”Apartment”中,那条门匙就是Payoff。又如著名电影「舒特拉的名单」中,那张犹太人的名单也是Payoff。

>

有两个画面,梅花间竹地播出,这就是蒙太奇。例如在电影教父中,画面一边播出教会里正在举行的神圣仪式,如神父替孩子洗礼,向天主祈祷等。但另一边画面却转接地播出教会中邪恶的一面,例如教会中的领袖为求夺权,去反对他的人的住所,不停地大开杀戒。

蒙太奇亦可以指一些不同而没有关系的画面,当他们剪接在一起的时候,会产生另一种意义,简单来说,如第一画面中有一只手正在投球,而另一画面是另外一只手接到一个球,然而球不见得是同一个,但当两个画面前在一起的时候,就是一个人把球投给另外一个人,注意/若中间再加入另外的画面,这意思就完全不一样了!! (注:这一段蒙太奇的文字解释由网友「贝戈」提供)

剧本三大忌

>

剧本写作和小说写作是两样完全不同的事,要知道写剧本的目的是要用文字去表达一连串的画面,所以你要让看剧本的人见到文字而又能够实时联想到一幅图画,将他们带到动画的世界里。小说就不同,他除了写出画面外,更包括抒情句子,修辞手法和角色内心世界的描述。这些在剧本里是不应有的。举一个简单的例子,在小说里有这样的句子:

「 今天会考放榜,同学们都很紧张地等待结果,小明别过父母后,便去学校领取成绩通知书。老师派发成绩单,小明心里想:如果这次不合格就不好了。

他十分担心,害怕考试失败后不知如何面对家人……』

试想,如果将上面的句子写在剧本里,你叫演员看了怎样用动作去表达。

如果要用剧本去表达同样的意思,就只有写成如下:

「 在课室里面,学生都坐在座位上,脸上带着紧张的表情,看着站在外面的老师。老师手上拿着一叠成绩通知书,她看了看面头的一张,叫道:「陈大雄!」大雄立刻走出去领取成绩单。小明在课室的一角,两只手不停地搓来搓去。他看出课室外面,画面渐渐返回当日早上时的情景。小明的父母一早就坐在大厅上,小明穿好校服,准备出门,看了看父亲,又看了看母亲,见到他们严肃的脸孔,不知该说些什么。小明的父亲说:「会合格吗?」小明说:「会……会的。」

「陈小明!」老师宏亮的声音把小明从回忆中带回现实。老师手上拿着小明的成绩单看着他,小明呆了一会,才快步走出去领取……』

>

剧本里不宜有太多的对话(除非是剧情的需要),否则整个故事会变得不连贯,缺乏动作,观众看起来就似听读剧本一样,好闷。要知道你现在要写的是电影语言,而不是文学语言。只适合于读而不适合于看的便不是好剧本。所以,一部优秀的电影剧本,对白越少,画面感就越强,冲?力就越大。

举一个简单的例子,比如你写一个人打电话,你最好不要让他坐在电话旁不动,只顾说话。如果剧情需要,可让他站起来,或拿着电话走几步,尽量避免画面的呆板和单调。

>

很多人写剧本都写得太多枝节,在枝节中有很多的角色,穿插了很多的场口,使故事变得复杂化,观众可能会看得不明白,不清楚作者想表达什么主题。试想如果在一幕电影中同时有十几个重要的角色,角色之间又有很多故事,你叫观众在短短时间里那能把每一个角色记得这么清楚。

其实,写剧本有一句格言:「 Simple is the best! 」愈简单的故事就愈好。大家想想你们所看过的好电影中,它们的剧情是不是都很简单。例如电影铁达尼号(Titanic)只是讲一艘大船下沉,而下沉当中男女主角产生了爱情。其它电影也一样,简单到报纸短评用短短几十个字就能讲出故事大纲。

展开阅读全文

篇10:英语写作小技巧

全文共 471 字

+ 加入清单

一. 肯定不如否定好

修辞的使用在书面表达中算作很大的亮点,在高中阶段很少有学生会注重修辞的应用。

双重否定也是种修辞,而且对于考生来说,只要稍加注意,可以在文章中设计双重否定的句子。

例如想表达“邮递员天天准时到”,如果写成The postman comes on time every day,就不如变成双重否定,The postman never fails to come on time,就变成了亮点句,起到强调作用。

“几乎每个人对生活的态度都不同程度受到地震的影响”,写成双重否定There was hardly a man or a woman whose attitude towards life had not been affected by the earthquake.

应用类似的修辞会在中为同学们加分。

二. 陈述不如倒装妙

在书面表达中阅卷老师喜欢看到的高级语法共有五种:倒装,强调,从句,独立主格和分词结构,以及虚拟语气。

倒装是一种最简单易行的使句子呈现亮点的方法。在高中阶段只需掌握倒装的四种形式,就足以应对书面表达。

展开阅读全文

篇11:大学英语四级写作方法

全文共 2666 字

+ 加入清单

Where possible, reduce the use of "which," "who" "that" "whom" "whether... or not" etc.

少用关系代词

学会运用关系代词是你学习英文过程中的一个重要的阶段。学会少用它们则表明你取得了更大的进步。在校对你的作品时,仔细检查一下所有的which’s, who’s that’s和whom’s是否必要。删除不必要的关系代词会使你的文章更精彩。

Example:

Unnecessary: It is a truth that is universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.

(用两个 that’s,读起来很别扭)

Better: It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.

-- Jane Austin

注:被动语态修饰的名词通常不须用关系代词。

Unnecessary: In 1970 India dedicated a nuclear power plant near Bombay, which was built with American assistance.

Improved: In 1970 India dedicated a nuclear power plant near Bombay, built with American assistance.

Unnecessary: During this period, Churchill spoke for a nation which was undivided and curiously happy, as it has never been in my lifetime, before or since.

Improved: During this period, Churchill spoke for a nation undivided and curiously happy, as it has never been in my lifetime, before or since.

Unnecessary: Justice theories have a long tradition, which goes back to Plato and Aristotle in the 5th century B.C.

Improved: Justice theories have a long tradition, going back to Plato and Aristotle in the 5th century B.C.

Unnecessary: Shirley Temple’s father blew nearly the entire $3 million that she made by tap dancing which made her famous in the movies.

Improved: Shirley Temple’s father blew nearly the entire $3 million she made tap dancing her way to fame in the movies.

Unnecessary: We told them they were the victims who deserved sympathy the most.

Improved: We told them they were the victims, most deserving of sympathy.

Unnecessary: Only a person who is oblivious* to the facts of modern life would doubt the need of vocational education today.

Better: Only a person oblivious to the facts of modern life would doubt the need of vocational education today.

Unnecessary: Not everyone in North America likes the taste of green tea, whether it contains caffeine or not.

Better: With or without caffeine, not everyone in North America likes the taste of green tea.

Unnecessary: Usually the Washington family married people who were socially better off than themselves, but the second marriage of George’s father was an exception.

Better: Usually the Washingtons married their social betters, but the second marriage of George’s father was an exception.

Unnecessary: In some instances, a letter can take ten days by air and six to eight weeks by ship to reach the person to whom the letter is addressed.

Better: In some instances, a letter can take ten days by air and six to eight weeks by ship to reach its intended receiver.

展开阅读全文

篇12:大学生数学论文写作方法

全文共 1658 字

+ 加入清单

下面就是小编为大家带来的大学生数学论文写作方法,希望对你们有帮助。

很多从事数学教育工作人士认为数学教育论文难写,事实上他们还没有掌握撰写数学论文的规律。

数学论文分两种,一种称为纯数学论文,另一种为数学教学论文。很多从事数学教育工作者很难拥有大量时间从事纯数学研究,而职称聘任制又需要公开发表论文,这样一来很多人将自己工作经验加以总结转而写一些数学教研论文。 数学教研论文是对课程论,教学法,教育思想,教材及教育对象心理加以研究。但无论哪一种数学论文都要遵从论文格式及写作规律。

1 撰写数学论文应具有原则

1.1 创新性

作为发表研究结果的一种文体,应反映作者本人所提供的新的事实,新的方法,新的见解。论文选题不新颖,实验没有值的报道的成果,即使有高超写作技巧,也不可能妙笔生花,硬写出新东西来。基础性研究最忌低水平重复,如受试对象,处理因素,观测指标,结果与前人雷同,毫无新意,这样论文不值得发表。

1.2 科学性

科技论文的生命在于它的科学性。没有科学性论文毫无价值,而且可能把别人引入歧途,造成有害结果。撰写论文应具备:(1)反映事实的真实性;(2)选题材料的客观性;(3)分析判定的合理性;(4)语言表达的准确性。

1.3 规范性

规范性是论文在表现形式上的重要特点。科技论文已形成一种相对固定的论文格式,大体上由文题,一般不超过20字;摘要(应用的方法,得到的结果,具有意义等);索引关键词;引言;研究方法,讨论,结果等部分组成。这种规范化的程序是无数科学家经验总结。它的优越性在于:(1)符合认识规律;(2)简洁明快,较少篇幅容纳较多信息;(3)方便读者阅读。

2 撰写数学论文忌讳

2.1 大题小作

论文不是书,如论文题目选的过大,那么泛论,浅论就在所难免。数学教育论文基本特征:有数学内容,讲数学教育问题,具有论文形态,不贪大,不求空,具有新见解。这样作者应将课题选的小一些,写出特色。

2.2 关门写稿

一本学术杂志中的论文,单独拿出来看自然是独立完整的。就杂志的整个体系来看就会有一些联系,它们或是构成一个小专题或是使讨论不断深入。这样作者就要对你准备投稿刊物有所了解,以免无的放矢。不能缺乏事实凭空捏造,夸大结论。首先应该知道别人做了些什么,写了些什么,避免在自己的 论文中重复。同时可以借鉴别人成果,在他人研究成果基础上进一步研究,避免做无用功。

2.3 形式思维混乱

科学发展到今天,科技论文的基本格式在世界范围内已趋向统一。论文要求规范化,标准化。有的论文东拼西抄,前后矛盾,这样的论文很难教人读懂。所以撰写论文应遵守形式逻辑基本规律,正确使用逻辑推理方法尤为重要。

3 关于数学论文选题

数学论文选题是找“热门”还是“冷门”?“热门”课题从事研究的人员众多,发展迅速。如果作者所在单位基础雄厚,在这个领域占有相当地位,当然要从这一领域深入研究或向相关领域扩展。如果自己在这方面基础差,起步晚又没有找到新的突破,就不宜跟在别人后面搞低水平重复。选择“冷门”,知识的空白处及学科交叉点为研究目标为较好的选择。无论选“冷门”还是“热门”,选题应遵循以下原则:

(1)需要性 选题应从社会需要和科学发展的需要出发。

(2)创新性 选题应是国内外还没有人研究过或是没有充分研究过的问题。

(3)科学性 选题应有最基本的科学事实作依据。

(4)可行性 选题应充分考虑从事研究的主客观条件,研究方案切实可行。

4 关于数学论文文风

4.1 语言表达确切

从选词,造句,段落,篇章,标点符号都应正确无误。

4.2 语言表达清晰简洁

语句通顺,脉络清楚,行文流畅,语言简洁。

4.3 语言朴实

语言朴实无华是科技论文本色。对于科学问题阐述无须华丽词藻也不必夸张修饰。总之撰写论文应有感而写,有为而写,有目的而写。借鉴他人成果,博采众长,涉足实践,提炼新意,在你的论文中拿出你的真实感受,不简单重复别人的观点,这样的论文才可能发表,并为广大读者接受。参考文献(略)(摘自《长春大学学报》2007.1,原文:“谈数学论文写作”,作者:王晓阳 长春大学学报编辑部)

展开阅读全文

篇13:英语作文写作范例之我的班主任

全文共 958 字

+ 加入清单

题目:请以“My Class Teacher”为题,写一篇不少于60个单词的作文。

My Class Teacher我的班主任

My class teacher is Mr. Wang. He is strict but kind. He has taught us Chinese for two years.我的班主任是王老师,他是一个要求严格而亲切的老师。他已经教了我们两年语文。

He always tells us to study hard but not all the time. Sometimes he plays with us. He says, "All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy." I think he is a good class teacher.他总是告诉我们要好好学习,但不是时时刻刻学习。有时他会和我们一起玩。他说:“只会用功不玩耍,聪明孩子也变傻。” 我觉得他是个很好的班主任。

点评:这篇文章取材的是身边熟悉的人,作者也有东西可写,更具有可读性。另外,写人时把主语稍作调整,读起来轻松多了。

I am a 15-year-old girl. My name is [ename]Cherry[/ename]. Now I am studying in the middle school. I want to be an actress because I think it is a funny and exciting job...

写人的常见句式如:

This is my friend, Mary.

She is... years old.

She is a teacher/ an artist/ a singer...

She/ He gets up at 6/5... / early/ late.

She/ He has sports at school.

She/ He likes...

She/ He is strong/ fat/ slim/ kind/ thin/...

She/ He looks like...

She/ He is good at English/ maths/ Chinese/ physics...

展开阅读全文

篇14:2024年SAT英语写作素材—山姆·沃顿

全文共 2580 字

+ 加入清单

Sam Walton(1918-)

Contrary to popular belief, Sam Walton (the founder of Wal-Mart) was not from Arkansas. He was actually born in Kingfish, Oklahoma on March 29, 1918. He was raised in Missouri where he worked in his fathers store while attending school. This was his first retailing experience and he really enjoyed it. After graduating from the University of Missouri in 1940, he began his own career as a retail merchant when he opened the first of several franchises of the Ben Franklin five-and-dime franchises in Arkansas.

This would lead to bigger and better things and he soon opened his first Wal-Mart store in 1962 in Rogers, Arkansas. Wal-Mart specialized in name-brands at low prices and Sam Walton was surprised at the success. Soon a chain of Wal-Mart stores sprang up across rural America. Waltons management style was popular with employees and he founded some of the basic concepts of management that are still in use today. After taking the company public in 1970, Walton introduced his "profit sharing plan". The profit sharing plan was a plan for Wal-Mart employees to improve their income dependent on the profitability of the store. Sam Walton believed that "individuals dont win, teams do". Employees at Wal-Mart stores were offered stock options and store discounts. These benefits are commonplace today, but Walton was among the first to implement them. Walton believed that a happy employee meant happy customers and more sales.

Walton believed that by giving employees a part of the company and making their success dependent on the companys success, they would care about the company.

By the 1980s, Wal-Mart had sales of over one billion dollars and over three hundred stores across North America. Wal-Marts unique decentralized distribution system, also Waltons idea, created the edge needed to further spur growth in the 1980s amidst growing complaints that the "superstore" was squelching smaller, traditional Mom and Pop stores. By 1991, Wal-Mart was the largest U.S. retailer with 1,700 stores. Walton remained active in managing the company, as president and CEO until 1988 and chairman until his death. He was awarded the Medal of Freedom shortly before his death.

Walton died in 1992, being the worlds second richest man, behind Bill Gates. He passed his company down to his three sons, daughter and wife. Wal-Mart Stores Incorporated (located in Bentonville, Arkansas) is also in charge of "Sams Club". Wal-Mart stores now operate in Mexico, Canada, Argentina, Brazil, South Korea, China and Puerto Rico. Sam Waltons visions were indeed successful.

展开阅读全文

篇15:中考英语写作素材积累:必备句子

全文共 20184 字

+ 加入清单

下面是语文迷网为大家整理提供的中考英语写作经常用到的句子,希望对你有帮助。

1. According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.

依照最近的一项调查,每年有4,000,000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。

2. The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.

最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。

3. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.

没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。

4. People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.

人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。

5. An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.

越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。

6. When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.

说到教育,大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。

7. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a persons physical fitness.

许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。

8. Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful effects of international tourism.

应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量,努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响。

9. An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution.

越来越多的专家相信移民对城市的建设起到积极作用。然而,越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法,他们抱怨民工给城市带来了许多严重的问题,像犯罪和**.

10. Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus, which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers.

许多市民抱怨城市的公交车太少,以至于他们要花很长时间等一辆公交车,而车上可能已满载乘客。

11. There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.

无可否认,空气污染是一个极其严重的问题:城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。

12. An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement.

一项调查显示妇女欢迎退休。

13. A proper part-time job does not occupy students too much time. In fact, it is unhealthy for them to spend all of time on their study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

一份适当的业余工作并不会占用学生太多的时间,事实上,把全部的时间都用到学习上并不健康,正如那句老话:只工作,不玩耍,聪明的孩子会变傻。

14. Any government, which is blind to this point, may pay a heavy price.

任何政府忽视这一点都将付出巨大的代价。

15.Nowadays, many students always go into raptures at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin. Unfortunately, for most young people, it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus.

当前,一提到即将开始的学校生活,许多学生都会兴高采烈。然而,对多数年轻人来说,校园刚开始的日子并不是什么愉快的经历。

16. In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get worse.

考虑到问题的严重性,在事态进一步恶化之前,必须采取有效的措施。

17. The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.

大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力,而这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的。

18. It is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to face the dangers of starvation and exposure.

无可争辩,现在有成千上万的人仍过着挨饿受冻的痛苦生活。

19. Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.

尽管这一观点被广泛接受,很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点、任何年龄进行。

20. No one can deny the fact that a persons education is the most important aspect of his life.

没有人能否认:教育是人生最重要的一方面。

21. People equate success in life with the ability of operating computer.

人们把会使用计算机与人生成功相提并论。

22. In the last decades, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.

在过去的几十年,先进的医疗技术已经使得人们比过去活的时间更长成为可能。

23. In fact, we have to admit the fact that the quality of life is as important as life itself.

事实上,我们必须承认生命的质量和生命本身一样重要。

24. We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.

我们应该不遗余力地美化我们的环境。

25. People believe that computer skills will enhance their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.

人们相信拥有计算机技术可以获得更多工作或提升的机会。

26. The information Ive collected over last few years leads me to believe that this knowledge may be less useful than most people think.

从这几年我搜集的信息来看,这些知识并没有人们想象的那么有用。

27. Now, it is generally accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduation.

现在,人们普遍认为没有一所大学能够在毕业时候教给学生所有的知识。

28. This is a matter of life and death——a matter no country can afford to ignore.

这是一个关系到生死的问题,任何国家都不能忽视。

29. For my part, I agree with the latter opinion for the following reasons:

我同意后者,有如下理由:

30. Before giving my opinion, I think it is important to look at the arguments on both sides.

在给出我的观点之前,我想看看双方的观点是重要的。

31. This view is now being questioned by more and more people.

这一观点正受到越来越多人的质疑。

32. Although many people claim that, along with the rapidly economic development, the number of people who use bicycle are decreasing and bicycle is bound to die out. The information Ive collected over the recent years leads me to believe that bicycle will continue to play extremely important roles in modern society.

尽管许多人认为随着经济的高速发展,用自行车的人数会减少,自行车可能会消亡, 然而,这几年我收集的一些信息让我相信自行车仍然会继续在现代社会发挥极其重要的作用。

33. Environmental experts point out that increasing pollution not only causes serious problems such as global warming but also could threaten to end human life on our planet.

环境学家指出:持续增加的污染不仅会导致像全球变暖这样严重的问题,而且还将威胁到人类在这个星球的生存。

34. In view of such serious situation, environmental tools of transportation like bicycle are more important than any time before.

考虑到这些严重的状况,我们比以往任何时候更需要像自行车这样的环保型交通工具。

35. Using bicycle contributes greatly to peoples physical fitness as well as easing traffic jams.

使用自行车有助于人们的身体健康,并极大地缓解了交通阻塞。

36. Despite many obvious advantages of bicycle, it is not without its problem.

尽管自行车有许多明显的优点,但是它也存在它的问题。

37. Bicycle cant be compared with other means of transportation like car and train for speed and comfort.

在速度和舒适度方面,自行车是无法和汽车、火车这样的交通工具相比的。

38. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that advantages of bicycle far outweigh its disadvantages and it will still play essential roles in modern society.

通过以上讨论,我们可以得出结论:自行车的优点远大于缺点,并且在现代社会它仍将发挥重要作用。

39. There is a general discussion these days over education in many colleges and institutes. One of the questions under debate is whether education is a lifetime study.

当前在高校和研究机构对教育存在着大量争论,其中一个问题就是教育是否是个终身学习的过程。

40. This issue has caused wide public concern.

这个问题已经引起了广泛关注。

41. It must be noted that learning must be done by a person himself.

必须指出学习只能靠自己。

42. A large number of people tend to live under the illusion that they had completed their education when they finished their schooling. Obviously, they seem to fail to take into account the basic fact that a persons education is a most important aspect of his life.

许多人存在这样的误解,认为离开学校就意味着结束了他们的教育。显然,他们忽视了教育是人生重要部分这一基本事实。

43. As for me, Im in favor of the opinion that education is not complete with graduation, for the following reasons:

就我而言,我同意教育不应该随着毕业而结束的观点,有以下原因:

44. It is commonly accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduate.

人们普遍认为高校是不可能在毕业的时候教会他们的学生所有知识的。 45. Even the best possible graduate needs to continue learning before she or he becomes an educated person.

即使最优秀的毕业生,要想成为一个博学的人也要不断地学习。

46. It is commonly thought that our society had dramatically changed by modern science and technology, and human had made extraordinary progress in knowledge and technology over the recent decades.

人们普遍认为我们的现代科技使我们的社会发生了巨大的变化,近几十年人类在科技方面取得了惊人的进步。

47. Now people in growing numbers are beginning to believe that learning new skills and knowledge contributes directly to enhancing their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.

现在越来越多的人开始相信学习新的技术和知识能直接帮助他们获得工作就会或提升的机会。

48. An investigation shows that many older people express a strong desire to continue studying in university or college.

一项调查显示许多老人都有到大学继续学习的愿望。

49. For the majority of people, reading or learning a new skill has become the focus of their lives and the source of their happiness and contentment after their retirement.

对大多数人来讲,退休以后,阅读或学习一项新技术已成为他们生活的中心和快乐的来源。

50. For people who want to adopt a healthy and meaningful life style, it is important to find time to learn certain new knowledge. Just as an old saying goes: it is never too late to learn.

对于那些想过上健康而有意义的生活的人们来说,找时间学习一些新知识是很重要的,正如那句老话:活到老,学到老。

51. There is a general debate on the campus today over the phenomenon of college or high school students doing a part-time job.

对于大学或高中生打工这一现象,校园里进行着广泛的争论。

52. By taking a major-related part-job, students can not only improve their academic studies, but gain much experience, experience they will never be able to get from the textbooks.

通过做一份和专业相关的工作,学生不仅能够提高他们的专业能力,而且能获得从课本上得不到的经验。

53. Although people‘s lives have been dramatically changed over the last decades, it must be admitted that, shortage of funds is still the one of the biggest questions that students nowadays have to face because that tuition fees and prices of books are soaring by the day.

近几十年,尽管人们的生活有了惊人的改变,但必须承认,由于学费和书费日益飞涨,资金短缺仍然是学生们面临的最大问题之一。

54. Consequently, the extra money obtained from part-time job will strongly support students to continue to their study life.

因此,业余工作挣来的钱将强有力地支持学生们继续他们的求学生活。

55. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that part-time job can produce a far-reaching impact on students and they should be encouraged to take part-time job, which will benefit students and their family, even the society as a whole.

通过上面的讨论,我们不难得出结论:业余工作对学生们会产生深远的影响,我们应鼓励学生从事业余工作,这将有利于学生和他们的家庭,甚至整个社会。

56. These days, people in growing numbers are beginning to complain that work is more stressful and less leisurely than in past. Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it.

现在,越来越多的人们开始抱怨工作比以前更有压力。许多专家指出这是现代社会发展必然的结果,无法避免。

57. It is widely acknowledged that computer and other machines have become an indispensable part of our society, which make our life and work more comfortable and less laborious.

人们普遍认为计算机和其他机器已经成为我们社会必不可少的一部分。 它们使我们的生活更舒适,减少了大量劳动。

58. At the same time, along with the benefits of such machines, employees must study knowledge involved in such machines so that they are able to control them.

同时,随着这些机器带给我们的好处,员工们也必须要学习与之相关的知识以便使用它们。

59. No one can deny the basic fact that it is impossible for average workers to master those high-technology skills easily.

没有人能否认这一基本事实:对于一般工人来讲,轻松掌握这些技术是不可能的。

60. In the second place, there seem to be too many people without job and not enough job position.

第二方面,失业的人似乎太多而又没有足够的工作岗位。

61. Millions of people have to spend more time and energy on studying new skills and technology so that they can keep a favorable position in job market.

成千上万的人们不得不花费更多的精力和时间学习新的技术和知识,使得他们在就业市场能保持优势。

62. According to a recent survey, a growing number of people express a strong desire to take another job or spend more time on their job in order to get more money to support their family.

根据最近的一项调查,越来越多的人表达了想从事另外的工作或加班以赚取更多的钱来补贴家用的强烈愿望。

63. From what has been discussed above, I am fully convinced that the leisure life-style is undergoing a decline with the progress of modern society, it is not necessary a bad thing.

通过以上讨论,我完全相信,随着现代社会的进步,幽闲的生活方式正在消失并不是件坏事。

64. The problem of international tourism has caused wide public concern over the recent years.

近些年,国际旅游的问题引起了广泛关注。

65. Many people believe that international tourism produce positive effects on economic growth and local government should be encouraged to promote international tourism.

许多人认为国际旅游对经济发展有积极作用,应鼓励地方政府发展国际旅游。

66. But what these people fail to see is that international tourism may bring about a disastrous impact on our environment and local history.

但是这些人忽视了国际旅游可能会给当地环境和历史造成的灾难性的影响。

67. As for me, Im firmly convinced that the number of foreign tourists should be limited, for the following reasons:

就我而言,我坚定地认为国外旅游者的数量应得到限制,理由如下:

68. In addition, in order to attract tourists, a lot of artificial facilities have been built, which have certain unfavorable effects on the environment.

另外,为了吸引旅游者,大量人工设施被修建,这对环境是不利的。

69. For lack of distinct culture, some places will not attract tourists any more. Consequently, the fast rise in number of foreign tourists may eventually lead to the decline of local tourism.

由于缺乏独特的文化,一些地方不再吸引旅游者。因此,国外旅游者数量的快速增加可能最终会导致当地旅游业的衰败。

70. There is a growing tendency for parents to ask their children to accept extra educational programs over the recent years.

近些年,父母要求他们的孩子接受额外的教育呈增长的势头。

71. This phenomenon has caused wide public concern in many places of world.

这一现象在全世界许多地方已引起了广泛关注。

72. Many parents believe that additional educational activities enjoy obvious advantage. By extra studies, they maintain, their children are able to obtain many kinds of practical skills and useful knowledge, which will put them in a beneficial position in the future job markets when they grow up.

许多家长相信额外的教育活动有许多优点,通过学习,他们的孩子可以获得很多实践技能和有用的知识,当他们长大后,这些对他们就业是大有好处的。

73. In the first place, extra studies bring about unhealthy impacts on physical growth of children. Educational experts point out that, it is equally important to take some sport activities instead of extra studies when children have spent the whole day in a boring classroom.

首先,额外的学习对孩子们的身体发育是不利的。教育专家指出,孩子们在枯燥的教室里呆了一整天后,从事一些体育活动,而不是额外的学习,是非常重要的。

74. Children are undergoing fast physical development; lack of physical exercise may produce disastrous influence on their later life.

孩子们正处于身体快速发育时期,缺乏体育锻炼可能会对他们未来的生活造成严重的影响。

75. In the second place, from psychological aspect, the majority of children seem to tend to have an unfavorable attitude toward additional educational activities.

第二,从心理上讲,大部分孩子似乎对额外的学习没有什么好感。

76. It is hard to imagine a student focusing their energy on textbook while other children are playing.

当别的孩子在玩耍的时候,很难想象一个学生能集中精力在课本上。

77. Moreover, children will have less time to play and communicate with their peers due to extra studies, consequently, it is difficult to develop and cultivate their character and interpersonal skills. They may become more solitary and even suffer from certain mental illness.

而且,由于要额外地学习,孩子们没有多少时间和同龄的孩子玩耍和交流,很难培养他们的个性和交际能力。他们可能变得孤僻甚至产生某些心理疾病。

78. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that, although extra studies indeed enjoy many obvious advantages, its disadvantages shouldnt be ignored and far outweigh its advantages. It is absurd to force children to take extra studies after school.

通过以上讨论,我们可以得出结论:尽管额外学习的确有很多优点,但它的缺点不可忽视,且远大于它的优点。因此,放学后强迫孩子额外学习是不明智的。

79. Any parents should place considerable emphasis on their children to keep the balance between play and study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

任何家长都应非常重视保持孩子在学习与玩耍的平衡,正如那句老话:只工作,不玩耍,聪明的孩子会变傻。

80. There is a growing tendency for parent these days to stay at home to look after their children instead of returning to work earlier.

现在,父亲或母亲留在家里照顾他们的孩子而不愿过早返回工作岗位正成为增加的趋势。

81. Parents are firmly convinced that, to send their child to kindergartens or nursery schools will have an unfavorable influence on the growth of children.

父母们坚定地相信把孩子送到幼儿园对他们的成长不利。

82. However, this idea is now being questioned by more and more experts, who point out that it is unhealthy for children who always stay with their parents at home.

然而,这一想法正遭受越来越多的专家的质疑,他们指出,孩子总是呆在家里,和父母在一起,是不健康的。

83. Although parent would be able to devote much more time and energy to their children, it must be admitted that, parent has less experience and knowledge about how to educate and supervise children, when compared with professional teachers working in kindergartens or nursery schools.

尽管父母能在他们孩子身上投入更多时间和精力,但是必须承认,与工作在幼儿园的专职教师相比,他们在如何管理教育孩子方面缺乏知识和经验。

84. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that, although the parents desire to look after children by themselves is understandable, its disadvantages far outweigh the advantages.

通过以上讨论,我们可以得出如下结论:尽管家长想亲自照看孩子的愿望是可以理解的,但是这样做的缺点远大于优点。

85. Parents should be encouraged to send their children to nursery schools, which will bring about profound impacts on children and families, and even the society as a whole.

应该鼓励父母将他们的孩子送到幼儿园,这将对孩子,家庭,甚至整个社会产生深远的影响。

86. Many leaders of government always go into raptures at the mere mention of artistic and cultural projects. They are forever talking about the nice parks, the smart sculptures in central city and the art galleries with various valuable rarities. Nothing, they maintain, is more essential than such projects in the economic growth.

只要一提起艺术和文化项目,一些政府领导就会兴奋不已,他们滔滔不绝地说着美丽的公园,城市中心漂亮的雕塑,还有满是稀世珍宝的艺术展览馆。他们认为在经济发展中,没有什么比这些艺术项目更重要了。

87. But is it really the case? The information Ive collected over last few years leads me to believe that artistic and cultural projects may be less useful than many governments think. In fact, basic infrastructure projects are playing extremely important role and should be given priority.

这是真的吗?这些年我收集的信息让我相信这些文化、艺术项目并没有许多政府想象的那么重要。事实上,基础设施建设非常重要,应该放在首位。

88. Those who are in favor of artistic and cultural projects advocate that cultural environment will attract more tourists, which will bring huge profits to local residents. Some people even equate the build of such projects with the improving of economic construction.

那些赞成建设文化艺术项目的人认为文化环境会吸引更多的游客,这将给当地居民带来巨大的利益。一些人甚至把建设文化艺术项目与发展经济建设等同起来。

89. Unfortunately, there is very few evidence that big companies are willing to invest a huge sums of money in a place without sufficient basic projects, such as supplies of electricity and water.

然而,很少有证据表明大公司愿意把巨额的资金投到一个连水电这些基础设施都不完善的地方去。

90. From what has been discussed above, it would be reasonable to believe that basic projects play far more important role than artistic and cultural projects in peoples life and economic growth.

通过以上讨论,我们有理由相信在人们的生活和经济发展方面,基础建设比艺术文化项目发挥更大的作用。

91. Those urban planners who are blind to this point will pay a heavy price, which they cannot afford it.

那些城市的规划者们如果忽视这一点,将会付出他们无法承受的代价。

92. There is a growing tendency these days for many people who live in rural areas to come into and work in city. This problem has caused wide public concern in most cities all over the world.

农民进城打工正成为增长的趋势,这一问题在世界上大部分城市已引起普遍关注。

93. An investigation shows that many emigrants think that working at city provide them with not only a higher salary but also the opportunity of learning new skills.

一项调查显示许多民工认为在城市打工不仅有较高的收入,而且能学到一些新技术。

94. It must be noted that improvement in agriculture seems to not be able to catch up with the increase in population of rural areas and there are millions of peasants who still live a miserable life and have to face the dangers of exposure and starvation.

必须指出,农业的发展似乎赶不上农村人口的增加,并且仍有成千上万的农民过着缺衣挨饿的贫寒生活。

95. Although rural emigrants contribute greatly to the economic growth of the cities, they may inevitably bring about many negative impacts.

尽管民工对城市的经济发展做出了巨大贡献,然而他们也不可避免的带来了一些负面影响。

96. Many sociologists point out that rural emigrants are putting pressure on population control and social order; that they are threatening to take already scarce city jobs; and that they have worsened traffic and public health problems.

许多社会学家指出民工正给人口控制和社会治安带来压力。他们正在威胁着本已萧条的工作市场,他们恶化了交通和公共卫生状况。

97. It is suggested that governments ought to make efforts to reduce the increasing gap between cities and countryside. They ought to set aside an appropriate fund for improvement of the standard of peasants lives. They ought to invite some experts in agriculture to share their experiences, information and knowledge with peasants, which will contribute directly to the economic growth of rural areas.

建议政府应该努力减少正在拉大的城乡差距。应该划拨适当的资金提高农民的生活水平;应该邀请农业专家向农民介绍他们的经验,知识和信息,这些将有助于发展农村经济。

98. In conclusion, we must take into account this problem rationally and place more emphases on peasants lives. Any government that is blind to this point will pay a heavy price.

总之,我们应理智考虑这一问题,重视农民的生活。任何政府忽视这一点都将付出巨大的代价。

99. Although many experts from universities and institutes consistently maintain that it is an inevitable part of an independent life, parents in growing numbers are starting to realize that people, including teachers and experts in education, should pay considerable attention to this problem.

尽管来自高校和研究院的许多专家坚持认为这是独立生活不可避免的一部分,然而越来越多的家长开始意识到包括教师和教育专家在内的人们应该认真对待这一问题。

100. As for me, it is essential to know, at first, what kind of problems young students possible would encounter on campus.

我认为,首先应看看学生们在校园可能遇到哪些问题。

展开阅读全文

篇16:关于英语作文的写作方法指导

全文共 4566 字

+ 加入清单

导语:写作方法就是写作中进行表现时运用的方法,是作者为表情达意而采取的有效艺术手段。

学生写作时,如果语句平平,只选用一些普通的、直截了当的词,那么,这样写出来的文章根本没有可阅读行,就像是一碗没有油盐酱醋面条一样,让人提不起一点精神和看下去的欲望,呆板、单调,没有可读性。如果一篇文章要让读者有可读性、有深度,同学们更应该掌握一些高级点词和语句来装饰你的文章,突出这篇文章的彩头,使文章增添文采,给读者以不一样的感受。具体方法可以参照下面的语句:

1. 画龙点睛,一篇文章的开头很重要。

在通常情况下,英语句子的排列方式为“主语+谓语+宾语”,即主语一般都会在谓语前面。但若根据情况适当改变句子的开头方式,比如在文章的开始的时候写一些倒状语句或以状语为起始语句的开头,这样子的文章更具表现力和感染力。如:

(1) There stands an old temple at the top of the hill.

→ At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.

在小山顶上有一座古庙。

(2) You can do it well only in this way.

→ Only in this way can you do it well.

只有这样你才能把它做好。

(3) A young woman sat by the window.

→ By the window sat a young woman.

窗户边坐着一个年轻妇女。

2. 避免重复使用同一词语

为了使表达更生动,更富表现力,同学们在写作时应尽量避免重复使用同一词语来表示同一意思,尤其是一些老生常谈的词语。如有的同学一看到“喜欢”二字,就会立刻想起like,事实上,英语中表示类似意思的词和短语很多,如 love, enjoy, prefer, appreciate, be fond of, care for等。如:

I like reading while my brother likes watching television.

→ I like reading while my brother enjoys watching television.

我喜欢看书,而我的兄弟却喜欢看电视。

3. 合理使用省略句

合理恰当地使用省略句,不仅可以使文章精练、简洁,而且会使文章更具文采和可读性。如:

(1) He may be busy. If he’s busy, I’ll call later. If he is not busy, can I see him now?

→ He may be busy. If so, I’ll call later. If not, can I see him now?

他可能很忙,要是这样,我以后再来拜访。要是不忙,我现在可以见他吗?

(2) If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If it is not fine, we’ll not go.

→ If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If not, not.

如果天气好,我们就去;如果天气不好,我们就不去了。

(3) She could have applied for that job, but she didn’t do so.

→ She could have applied for that job, but she didn’t.

她本可申请这份工作的,但她没有。

4. 适当运用非谓语结构

非谓语结构通常被认为是一种高级结构,适当运用非谓语结构,会给人一种熟练驾驭语言的印象。如:

(1) When he heard the news, they all jumped for joy.

→ Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy.

听了这消息他们都高兴得跳了起来。

(2) As I didn’t know her address, I wasn’t able to get in touch with her.

→ Not knowing her address, I wasn’t able to get in touch with her.

由于不知道她的地址,我没法和她联系。

(3) As he was born into a peasant family, he had only two years of schooling.

→ Born into a peasant family, he had only two years of schooling.

他出生农民家庭,只上过两年学。

5. 结合使用长句与短句

在英语写作中,过多地使用长句或过多地使用短句都不好。正确的做法是,根据实际情况在文章中交替使用长句与短语,使文章显得错落有致,这样不仅使文章在形式上增加美感,而且使文章读起来铿锵有力。如:

At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine. Then we had a short rest. Then we began to play happily. We sang and danced. Some told stories. Some played chess.

→ At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine. After a short rest, we had great fun singing and dancing, telling jokes and playing chess.

中午我们晒着太阳吃野餐。休息一会儿后,我们唱的唱歌,跳的跳舞,还有的讲笑话、下棋,大家玩得很开心。

6. 适当使用短语代替单词

(1) He has decided to be a teacher when he grows up.

→ He has made up his mind to be a teacher when he grows up.

他已决定长大了当老师。

(2) He doesnt like music.

→ He doesnt care much for music.

他不大喜欢音乐。

(3) He told me that the question was now under discussion.

→ He told me that the question was now being discussed.

他告诉我问题现正正在讨论中。

7. 恰当套用某些固定表达

(1) He was very tired. He couldn’t walk any farther.

→ He was too tired to walk any farther.

他太累了,不能再往前走了。

(2) The film was very interesting. Both the teachers and the students liked it.

→ The film was so interesting that both the teachers and the students liked it.

这电影很有趣,学生和老师都很喜欢。

(3) Your son is old. He can look after himself now.

→ Your son is old enough to look after himself now.

你的儿子已经长大,可以自己照顾自己了。

8. 尽量使句子带点“洋味”

(1) Dont worry. Be bold and try it, and youll learn it soon.

→Dont worry. Just go for it, and youll get it soon.

别担心,大胆试一试,你很快就会学会的。

(2) Thank you for playing with us.

→Thank you for sharing the time with us.

谢谢你陪我玩。

9. 综合使用各类所谓的“高级”结构

(1) Now everyone knows the news. I think Jim must have let it out.

→ Now everyone knows the news. I think it must have been Jim who has let it out.

现在人人都知道这消息了,我想一定是吉姆把它泄露出去的。

(2) We had to stand there to catch the offender.

→ What we had to do was (to) stand there, trying to catch the offender.

我们所能做的只是站在那儿,设法抓住违章者。

(3) If her pronunciation is not better than her teacher’s, it is at least as good as her teacher’s.

→ Her pronunciation is as good as, if not better than, her teacher’s.

如果她的语音不比她的老师好的话,至少也不会比她老师的差。

10. 适当使用名言警句点缀

在写作时根据实际情况恰当地用上一两句名言警句来点缀文章,不仅使文章显得有深度、有智慧,而且会让文章在评分中上一个“得分档次”。如:

(1) As the proverb says, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” Though you fail this time, you needn’t lose heart. As long as you work hard and stick to your dream, you will succeed one day.

(2) There is a proverb goes like this “Life isn’t a bed of roses.” It is ture that it is likely for everyone to meet problems and difficulties in life.

(3) In the modern world, more and more people live alone, which is not so good for our life. It is better for us to make more friends and enjoy friendship. Just as a proverb says, “A near friend is better than a far-dwelling kinsman.”

[关于英语作文的写作方法指导

展开阅读全文

篇17:大学生论文写作要求和方法

全文共 4600 字

+ 加入清单

下面就是小编为大家带来的大学生论文写作要求方法,希望对你们有帮助。

广义来说,凡属论述科学技术内容的作品,都称作科学著述,如原始论著(论文)、简报、综合报告、进展报告、文献综述、述评、专著、汇编、教科书和科普读物等。但其中只有原始论著及其简报是原始的、主要的、第一性的、涉及到创造发明等知识产权的。其它的当然也很重要,但都是加工的、发展的、为特定应用目的和对象而撰写的。下面仅就论文的撰写谈一些体会。在讨论论文写作时也不准备谈有关稿件撰写的各种规定及细则。我主要谈的是论文写作中容易发生的问题和经验,是论文写作道德和书写内容的规范问题。

一、论文写作的要求

下面按论文的结构顺序依次叙述。

(一)论文——题目科学论文都有题目,不能“无题”。论文题目一般20字左右。题目大小应与内容符合,尽量不设副题,不用第1报、第2报之类。论文题目都用直叙口气,不用惊叹号或问号,也不能将科学论文题目写成广告语或新闻报道用语。

(二)论文——署名科学论文应该署真名和真实的工作单位。主要体现责任、成果归属并便于后人追踪研究。严格意义上的论文作者是指对选题、论证、查阅文献、方案设计、建立方法、实验操作、整理资料、归纳总结、撰写成文等全过程负责的人,应该是能解答论文的有关问题者。现在往往把参加工作的人全部列上,那就应该以贡献大小依次排列。论文署名应征得本人同意。学术指导人根据实际情况既可以列为论文作者,也可以一般致谢。行政领导人一般不署名。

(三)论文——引言 是论文引人入胜之言,很重要,要写好。一段好的论文引言常能使读者明白你这份工作的发展历程和在这一研究方向中的位置。要写出论文立题依据、基础、背景、研究目的。要复习必要的文献、写明问题的发展。文字要简练。

(四)论文——材料和方法 按规定如实写出实验对象、器材、动物和试剂及其规格,写出实验方法、指标、判断标准等,写出实验设计、分组、统计方法等。这些按杂志 对论文投稿规定办即可。

(五)论文——实验结果 应高度归纳,精心分析,合乎逻辑地铺述。应该去粗取精,去伪存真,但不能因不符合自己的意图而主观取舍,更不能弄虚作假。只有在技术不熟练或仪器不稳定时期所得的数据、在技术故障或操作错误时所得的数据和不符合实验条件时所得的数据才能废弃不用。而且必须在发现问题当时就在原始记录上注明原因,不能在总结处理时因不合常态而任意剔除。废弃这类数据时应将在同样条件下、同一时期的实验数据一并废弃,不能只废弃不合己意者。

实验结果的整理应紧扣主题,删繁就简,有些数据不一定适合于这一篇论文,可留作它用,不要硬行拼凑到一篇论文中。论文行文应尽量采用专业术语。能用表的不要用图,可以不用图表的最好不要用图表,以免多占篇幅,增加排版困难。文、表、图互不重复。实验中的偶然现象和意外变故等特殊情况应作必要的交代,不要随意丢弃。

(六)论文——讨论 是论文中比较重要,也是比较难写的一部分。应统观全局,抓住主要的有争议问题,从感性认识提高到理性认识进行论说。要对实验结果作出分析、推理,而不要重复叙述实验结果。应着重对国内外相关文献中的结果与观点作出讨论,表明自己的观点,尤其不应回避相对立的观点。 论文的讨论中可以提出假设,提出本题的发展设想,但分寸应该恰当,不能写成“科幻”或“畅想”。

(七)论文——结语或结论 论文的结语应写出明确可靠的结果,写出确凿的结论。论文的文字应简洁,可逐条写出。不要用“小结”之类含糊其辞的词。

(八)论文——参考文献 这是论文中很重要、也是存在问题较多的一部分。列出论文参考文献的目的是让读者了解论文研究命题的来龙去脉,便于查找,同时也是尊重前人劳动,对自己的工作有准确的定位。因此这里既有技术问题,也有科学道德问题。

一篇论文中几乎自始至终都有需要引用参考文献之处。如论文引言中应引上对本题最重要、最直接有关的文献;在方法中应引上所采用或借鉴的方法;在结果中有时要引上与文献对比的资料;在讨论中更应引上与 论文有关的各种支持的或有矛盾的结果或观点等。

一切粗心大意,不查文献;故意不引,自鸣创新;贬低别人,抬高自己;避重就轻,故作姿态的做法都是错误的。而这种现象现在在很多论文中还是时有所见的,这应该看成是利研工作者的大忌。其中,不查文献、漏掉重要文献、故意不引别人文献或有意贬损别人工作等错误是比较明显、容易发现的。有些做法则比较隐蔽,如将该引在引言中的,把它引到讨论中。这就将原本是你论文的基础或先导,放到和你论文平起平坐的位置。又如 科研工作总是逐渐深人发展的,你的工作总是在前人工作基石出上发展起来做成的。正确的写法应是,某年某人对本题做出了什么结果,某年某人在这基础上又做出了什么结果,现在我在他们基础上完成了这一研究。这是实事求是的态度,这样表述丝毫无损于你的贡献。有些论文作者却不这样表述,而是说,某年某人做过本题没有做成,某年某人又做过本题仍没有做成,现在我做成了。这就不是实事求是的态度。这样有时可以糊弄一些不明真相的外行人,但只需内行人一戳,纸老虎就破,结果弄巧成拙,丧失信誉。这种现象在现实生活中还是不少见的。

(九)论文——致谢 论文的指导者、技术协助者、提供特殊试剂或器材者、经费资助者和提出过重要建议者都属于致谢对象。论文致谢应该是真诚的、实在的,不要庸俗化。不要泛泛地致谢、不要只谢教授不谢旁人。写论文致谢前应征得被致谢者的同意,不能拉大旗作虎皮。

(十)论文——摘要或提要:以200字左右简要地概括论文全文。常放篇首。论文摘要需精心撰写,有吸引力。要让读者看了论文摘要就像看到了论文的缩影,或者看了论文摘要就想继续看论文的有关部分。此外,还应给出几个关键词,关键词应写出真正关键的学术词汇,不要硬凑一般性用词。

二、写好论文的方法

(一)论文写作——材料、观点和文字

材料是写好论文的基础,观点是论文的灵魂,文字是论文的外在表现。材料和观点是论文的内容,文字是论文的形式。形式是表现内容的,内容要通过形式来表现。三者的完美结合是内容和形式的统一。

材料来源于实验。设计的好坏直接影响材料获得的效率与质量。整篇论文是由若干工作单元组成的,每一工作单元又是由每次实验材料积累起来的。因此要善待每天的实验。每天工作时都要考虑到这一数据在将来论文中的可能位置,对每一张影像记录都要认真收集保存。材料要真实可靠,数据要充足。有了异常,要及时分析处理,要保证所得结果可信,排除假象。一篇论文总要有新现象、新处理、新效果、新观点。

观点应明确,客观辩证。不要、也不能回避不同观点。从论文定题到结论,处处有观点,所以观点是论文的灵魂,是贯穿始终的。讨论观点时不要强词夺理,不要自圆其说,力戒片面性、主观性、随意性。要和国内外文献上的观点相比较,也要和自己实验室过去的观点相比较。在比较中分析异同,提高认识。也不要怕观点错误,不要怕改正错误。要百家争鸣,通过争鸣,认识真理。

论文的文字要自然流畅,“言而无文,行之不远”。但也不要华丽雕琢,目的是“文以载道”。论文叙述要合乎逻辑,层次分明,朴素真实,分寸恰当。

(二)论文写作——准备和动笔

论文写得好坏,关键在于准备。会写论文的人,一般总是三步过程。论文写前深思熟虑,全局在胸;充分打好论文腹稿,提起笔来,一气呵成;写出论文初稿后,放一段时间,反复吟读,千锤百炼。

不会写论文的人相反。肚子里空洞洞,脑子里乱烘烘,笔头上千斤重。他们拿起笔来就写,写几下就停。写写停停,停停写写。忽儿找材料,忽儿查数据,忽儿补实验。忽儿撕掉一页,忽儿抄上几句。忽儿哀声叹气,搔头摸耳,咬笔杆,踱方步。这两种人的差别在于准备状况的不同,这是很多初写论文的人意识不到的。写论文的良好准备应该有三个阶段。

1.论文写作——近期(写时)准备

是指实验结束后到着手写作论文前一段时间的准备。应该收齐材料,处理好数据,制备好图表,完成统计处理。然后打好论文腹稿,列出 论文提纲,明确基本观点和主要结论。与指导者和合作者讨论,取得共识。深思熟虑后,一气呵成。其中“打腹稿”是写论文的关键阶段。这时应将所有工作和数据通盘考虑,全局在胸。这就像战斗打响前的运筹帷帽一样,是作者脑力劳动最紧张的时刻。

2.论文写作——中期(做时)准备

会写论文的人不是做完实验后才开始考虑写论文的,而是在研究工作的全过程中都考虑着写论文。论文“题目”和“引言”是论证时各种思考的凝炼。“材料和方法”是在找方法、建方法时形成的,写论文时只要如实叙述就可以了。“实验结果”是在实验设计、实验操作、阶段归纳、资料整理等过程中不断积累、整理而来的。“讨论”是综合平时的思考,同周围人员经常讨论商量,查阅和分析文献等过程后最后归纳而成的,是将平时思考过的众多问题集中几个主要观点以讨论的形式表达出来。“结论”则只须将最终结果归纳一下就可以了。所以会写论文的人,是在做研究的整个过程中不断地自然形成着最后的论文。这整个过程就是论文的中期准备。可见,中期准备以论文题目之始为始,以题目之终为终。题目结束之日,也就是论文中期准备完成之时。

3.论文写作——远期(学时)准备

如果只是着力于做好论文近期准备和中期准备,往往还不能写出上乘的论文,这就要看论文作者的远期准备,也就是学习阶段的基础准备了。这种准备是指对研究动态的掌握,专业基础的积累和逻辑思维、文字表达、分析综合等各方面能力的总体水平。这决不是一朝一夕所能企及,而是终生积累训练而就的。这就是为什么要强调“读书破万卷,下笔如有神”,“尔果欲学诗,功夫在诗外”了。这些平时积累的功夫,决定着作者 论文的写作水平,而论文写作水平又影响着论文的传播。这种能力不是临用时提得高的,而是要作者从年轻时就下苦功的。

(三)论文写作——审稿与修改

一气呵成写好论文稿件后,是要反复修改、千锤百炼的。不仅自己应该反复锤炼,还应请有关人员提意见,最后还要通过编辑部请相关专家审阅。 论文修改时凡是属于写作规格和篇幅方面的问题应按刊物规定的要求修改。作为论文作者,自己辛勤努力取得的实验数据当然十分珍惜,总希望在论文中尽量表达。但 论文审稿者旁观者清,往往提出一些合并或删除的意见。这时作者应该冷静考虑,该列入论文的列入,不必列入的不要列入。写论文只有“删繁就简三秋树”,才能“领导标新”地开出“二月花”。

论文审稿者也常会对所论观点提出意见。这是需要认真推敲决定是否采纳修改的。论文作者毕竟对自己的工作己有过长期实践和思考,逐渐形成了观点。应该说这些观点是有相当根据的。只要言之有理,述之有据,可以对审稿人的意见进行解释,保留自己的观点。但有时 论文作者自己局处一隅,想法越来越钻牛角尖。论文审稿人从更高的角度宏观审视,一针见血地指出论文立论和观点中的问题,这种情况也是有的。这时论文作者就应该认真思考意见的实质,调整思路,反复推敲,决定取舍。既不固执己见,也不曲意迎合。抱着探讨真理的态度,相互交流,共同提高。

论文通过审稿,有些意见不大,稍事修改即可发表。有些要有较大的改动才能发表。有的论文甚至认为基本事实不可靠或基本观点有误而无法发表。论文作者应冷静分析这些意见,妥善处理。一切都应坚持科学的、实事求是的态度。如果自己确认结果和观点无误,那么可以在 论文退稿后改投他刊。同一时候是不能一稿二投的。(摘自《中国研究生》,原文:“如何写论文做报告” 作者 秦伯益 院士)

展开阅读全文

篇18:记叙文的写作基础

全文共 2893 字

+ 加入清单

记叙文是以记人、叙事、写景、状物为主,以写人物的经历和事物发展变化为主要内容的一种文体形式。小编收集了描写记叙文的写作基础,欢迎阅读。

一、记叙文的概念和特点

[记叙文的概念]

记叙文,是叙述、描写人物、事件、景物的文章。

即通过人物的言行、事情的经过,来表达一定的中心思想。

或者说,记叙文是通过记叙人物、事件,来表明作者思想感情的一种文体。

记叙文不是狭义的文体概念,它是泛指以叙述、描写为主的写人、记事、写景、状物等文章。写人、记事、摹景、状物均属广义的记叙,以这些表达方式为主的文章,叫记叙文。

[ 记叙文的特点]

1、以人、事、物、景为写作对象;

2、以叙述、描写为主要表达方式;

3、通过对事物的描述,用来反映现实生活,表达作者的思想感情。

4、记叙文的主题,一般是通过对人事物的描述表现出来煌,而不是由作直接讲出来的。

【记叙文·写作】二、记叙文的类型

A、一般来说, 记叙文分为两种:

第一种是“简单记叙文”:只记一人一事,篇幅比较短小;

另一种是“复杂记叙文”:所记的人和事件,不限于一个或一件;写作方法也比较复杂。

记叙文包括范围很广 ,童话、故事、散文、游记、参观记、消息、通讯、报告文学、人物传记、回忆录、家史、短篇小说、长篇小说,都属于记叙文的范畴。

B、记叙文本身也较复杂,它又可公为四种类型:

写人、记事、写景、状物。

写人、记事,只是侧重不同,二者密不可分。写人要叙事;记事要有人。只是人、事在不同的文章里描述的程度不同:

写景、状物有密切关系,其实质是咏物抒情,“情景作文”是二者合一之体现。景也是物(是有观赏价值的物),关键在“情”,然“情”之依托物,乃景、物及表达方式(叙述、描写、议论等)。

【记叙文·写作】三、记叙文的表达方式

记叙文的主要表达方式是记叙和描写,但它并不排斥议论、说明和抒情。

复杂的记叙文,往往是叙述、描写、议论、和抒情相互结合。

为什么会这样来表达呢?

1、因为在记叙文中,所写的人、所记的事、所描摹的事物,总要有作者的看法,总要表达自已的感情。

这种对人或事物发表看法,进行评论——这就是“议论”;

这种对人或事物,表达自已的爱憎感情——这就叫“抒情”。

2、一篇好的记叙文,,不能单纯叙述、描写,而要在叙述、描写过程中,夹以议论、抒情。

3、写记叙文 ,除了运用主要表达方式(记叙和描写)外 ,为了突出形象、加深主题,常常用到到议论、抒情和说明;但议论、抒情应恰到好处使文章更形象生动,更富有感染力,起到画龙点睛的作用。

从上述可见:叙述、描写——是记叙文的主要表达方式;

议论、抒情——是记叙文常用的表达方式。

【记叙文·写作】四、记叙文的“六要素” (上) (上)">

1、记叙文的“六要素”

所谓“六要素”,就是人物、时间、地点、事件发生的原因、经过、结果。

任何一篇完整的记叙文字,都不能缺少其中任何一项,否则,叙述就会出现疑窦,出现悬念;或者有头无尾,线索中断;或者来路不明,无中生有。

2、记叙文的“六要素”也是叙述、记事的“六要素”。

3、怎样理解 “六要素”?

因为一件事情,都要发生在一定的时间、一定的环境(地点)里,有一定的人物参加。凡事情都有其起因(原因)、经过、结果。这些都是写记叙文的主要内容,必须写具体,重点内容要写详细、写充实,才能达到一篇记叙文的写作目的。

要想把一件事情说清楚,只有将与这事情有关的主要因素,交代清楚,就能把这个故事(事情、事件),即文章,显得完整、有条理。

也只有把六要素,交代清楚了,才能更好地表现主题思想。

四、记叙文的“六要素” (下):灵活运用“六要素

在文章中,如何处理 “六要素”呢?

——要根据文章的实际情况,灵活地加以运用。

A、用三个“要素”,就能写成文章。

写一篇文章,对所写的人物、事件,都要有所侧重。只要能抓住其中三个要素,就可以写出一篇好篇文章。

在“六要素”中,时间、地点是最主要的要素。

因为 ,一切事物都存在一定的时间、地点(空间)里;一切事物又都是在一定的时间、空间内发生,发展,进行演变的。

所以, 时间、地点,必须交代清楚(交代即可,不等要详写)。

在一篇文章里,只要抓住不同的时间、地点的变化,就能突出典型环境、典型人物,就能写同很有特色的记叙文章来。

B、“六要素”的位置。

时间、地点——通常在文章前面作简要交化;

人物——随事件发展,陆续登场;

吸引人结果——作倒叙方法描述;

还可以最后交代原因——以作悬念。

C、有时,有的要素,可不用出现。

“六要素”,是否在文中都得出现?——这要从实际情况而定。

若,时间、地点,是人所共知的;或由其他之描述也能反映出来的;或不交代也没有多大影响的要素——则可省略不写。

如果事件的结果是显而易见的——结局可以不写,以给人留下回味之余地。

D、以时间为例,看“六要素”的交代方法可灵活多样。

□ 一般的交代:

×年×月×日

早晨、中午、傍晚

○ 代替法:

通过“太阳升起来了”、“烈日当空”、“夕阳西下”“夜幕降临”、“天边染上了红霞”等来代替时间的变化。

◎ 精确到:

时、分、秒

※ 大概:

“以前”、“古时候”、“前不久”、“最近”。

【记叙文·写作】五、记叙文的写作要略(一)、定要素

记叙文的写作,要从三个方面入手:

定要素;

搭架子;

会表达。

【定要素】

[相同点]

时间、地点——这是写文章的共同要素,一般都应写入文章。

[不同点]

一是,对人物和事件,在每篇目文章里的“侧重点”不同,所以各类文章的主体部分(主要内容)的重点内容也不同(或人、事、物、景)。

写人=时间+地点+人;

记事=时间+地点+事(原因、经过、结果);

写景=时间+地点+景(过去、现在、未来);

状物=时间+地点+物;

抒情=时间+地点+情(见景生情、睹物思人)。

【记叙文·写作】五、记叙文的写作要略(二)、搭架子

记叙文的写作,要从三个方面入手:

定要素;

搭架子;

会表达。

(二)、搭架子

搭架子——这是记文的结构安排问题。

开头——要简明、要点题。

中间——有“六定”:

1、定(分)段;

2、定各段详略;

3、定事——记一事或几事(一详,余略);

4、定人——写一人或几人(一主,余从);

5、定表达——以叙述为主,兼议论或抒情;;

6、定过渡、照应——使文章曲折、波澜。

结尾——要扣题;收束有力、发人深省、令人回味。

【记叙文·写作】五、记叙文的写作要略(三)、善表达

要善于运用各种表达方式,写好记叙文。

这就必须知道各种表达方式的作用和表现方法。这也是写作中的大事。

叙述、描写——是记叙文的主要表达方式;

[叙述]

叙述是作者对人物、事件、环境作一般交代和说明,不作细致刻画。

一般用在:具体情节,事情因、果、经过的叙述。

[描写]

描写是对人物、事件、环境所作的绘声绘色、细致入微的描写和刻画。要用生动富有感情的、形象的语言,着重刻画人、事、物的具体状态和细节特征。

议论、抒情——是记叙文兼用的表达方式。

[议论]

记叙文的议论,是为了直接点明和加深所写事物的意义,即文章的中心思想。

在记叙文中穿插的议论,可起到画龙点睛作用;有的在段落之间加上一两句议论,还可起到承上启下作用。

记叙文中的议论,可先叙后议,也可先议后叙;有的是不直接对人、事、物发表议论,而是由文中的人物去发议论、作评价

展开阅读全文

篇19:小学写作基础:锻炼思路的方法

全文共 3103 字

+ 加入清单

会写文章,善于写文章,需要若干条件,其中一个条件就是练好基本功。以下是为大家分享的小学写作基础锻炼思路方法,供大家参考借鉴,欢迎浏览!

一、锻炼思路的方法

(一)拓展法

目的是为了求广、求新、求异,使思维活跃而开阔。思路可作如下拓展:

一是平面拓展。平面拓展主要包括顺向、逆向、纵向和横向等。顺向是指沿着人们惯常的思维轨道来思考,反之则为逆向。纵向是指按时间顺序或事物发展过程来思考,横向则为将不同的事物加以比照联想。例如,一则手表广告词的写作,既可从“准确、耐用、美观”作正向构思,又可从“该公司在各地的维修人员闲得无聊”作反向思索;既可对其作发展、换代历史作纵向介绍,又可从它与其他牌子手表的比较中作横向说明。

二是立体拓展。立体拓展是将平面拓展重叠交叉起来,建构起立体交叉的文章框架。这种方法适用于调查报告、经济分析、专业论文一类较为大型的文章。

三是发散。发散是指由一点向四周辐射的开放式思维方式,即对一个问题从多个角度引出思路。既要从宏观上作全方位的考虑,又要从微观上找出各个零散的无系统的思考方向之间的有机联系。如写关于“如何扩大产品销路”的文章,就可围绕“如何”二字引出“运用科学管理”、“提高员工素质”、“加速品种更新”、“改善广告方式”、“做好售后服务”、“开辟国外市场”等多条辐射思路,然后再对各个思考方向之间的内在联系加以考察。这样就可以加大思维跨度,弥补单向思维没有涉及的空白,健全文章的结构,丰富文章的内容。

(二)挖掘法

目的是为了求深,使文章有内涵、有深度。多向拓展思路之后,就应迅速将广思变为深思。深思指的是层层挖掘,寻根刨底,纵深推求,由外在到内在,由现象到本质,由具体到抽象;或由现实追溯过去,由结果探求原因,乃至更深层的缘由。例如,对“如何认识市场经济”这一问题进行思考,可以从市场经济与商品经济的关系,社会主义市场经济与资本主义市场经济的区别,计划经济与市场经济的关系,如何发展社会主义市场经济等几个方面加以论述,也可向深处挖掘。向深处挖掘的方法如下:

一是在探讨上述第一个问题时,先对两个概念分别加以解释,再进一步区别其特征,然后更进一步挖掘过去提商品经济、现在又提市场经济的原因。

二是探讨上述最后一个问题时,可先论述社会主义市场经济的提出是具有战略意义的理论突破,并分析其原因,然后深入思考如何发展社会主义市场经济。在论述“如何发展”的具体策略时,对每一个方面再进行纵深推求,在这些步步深入、层层递进的开掘中将问题论述明白,最后顺理成章地得出结论。

(三)控制法

目的是为了求得集中——对多向的、支离散乱的思维活动加以搜索,以形成一条清晰。严密、连贯的思路。控制法主要包括以下方面内容:

一是筛选。筛选是指对多种信息和大脑中闪现的种种想法进行重重筛选,然后加以归类,形成多层次的文章框架的思考方法。筛选的优点是便于先集中内容相似的材料,然后从中筛选出需用的东西并形成相应的观点。对总结、典型经验、调查报告等文书的写作构思较为适用。

二是综合。综合是指在多向思考中迅速挑出最切实际、应用性强的几项加以综合,然后从中提炼出最佳议项。综合的优点是使文章有新思想、新提议,同时又切实可行。它适用于可行性研究、决策、建议、计划等文书的写作。推测,是将盘根错节的各种信息、各类条件和多条“初步思路”按一定的规律进行多次清理和推论,从中导出由小到大的层层假说,并由此构成一幅明晰的“思路图”。三是推测。推测的优点是可直观地审视和比较有关条件及现象,推理过程一目了然。它较适用于可行性研究、市场预测、经济分析等文书的写作构思。

(四)梳理法

以拟写提纲的形式将思路理清。定型。这是锻炼思路的一种极为有效的方法,有助于快速成文。梳理法包括以下两方面内容:

一是标明主题,用“主题句”把构思时确定的主题列在提纲首位,以统领下面各项;

二是安排层次,用概括的文字逐层排列,由小到大。由粗到细地展开思路。

二、思路可作如下拓展:

1、是平面拓展。

平面拓展主要包括顺向、逆向、纵向和横向等。顺向是指沿着人们惯常的思维轨道来思考,反之则为逆向。纵向是指按时间顺序或事物发展过程来思考,横向则为将不同的事物加以比照联想。例如,一则手表广告词的写作,既可从“准确、耐用、美观”作正向构思,又可从“该公司在各地的维修人员闲得无聊”作反向思索;既可对其作发展、换代历史作纵向介绍,又可从它与其他牌子手表的比较中作横向说明。

2、是立体拓展。

立体拓展是将平面拓展重叠交叉起来,建构起立体交叉的文章框架。这种方法适用于调查报告、经济分析、专业论文一类较为大型的文章。

3、是发散。

发散是指由一点向四周辐射的开放式思维方式,即对一个问题从多个角度引出思路。既要从宏观上作全方位的考虑,又要从微观上找出各个零散的无系统的思考方向之间的有机联系。如写关于“如何扩大产品销路”的文章,就可围绕“如何”二字引出“运用科学管理”、“提高员工素质”、“加速品种更新”、“改善广告方式”、“做好售后服务”、“开辟国外市场”等多条辐射思路,然后再对各个思考方向之间的内在联系加以考察。这样就可以加大思维跨度,弥补单向思维没有涉及的空白,健全文章的结构,丰富文章的内容。

(2)挖掘法。

目的是为了求深,使文章有内涵、有深度。多向拓展思路之后,就应迅速将广思变为深思。深思指的是层层挖掘,寻根刨底,纵深推求,由外在到内在,由现象到本质,由具体到抽象;或由现实追溯过去,由结果探求原因,乃至更深层的缘由。例如,对“如何认识市场经济”这一问题进行思考,可以从市场经济与商品经济的关系,社会主义市场经济与资本主义市场经济的区别,计划经济与市场经济的关系,如何发展社会主义市场经济等几个方面加以论述,也可向深处挖掘。

三、向深处挖掘的方法如下:

1、是在探讨上述第一个问题时,先对两个概念分别加以解释,再进一步区别其特征,然后更进一步挖掘过去提商品经济、现在又提市场经济的原因。

2、是探讨上述最后一个问题时,可先论述社会主义市场经济的提出是具有战略意义的理论突破,并分析其原因,然后深入思考如何发展社会主义市场经济。在论述“如何发展”的具体策略时,对每一个方面再进行纵深推求,在这些步步深入、层层递进的开掘中将问题论述明白,最后顺理成章地得出结论。

(3)控制法。

目的是为了求得集中——对多向的、支离散乱的思维活动加以搜索,以形成一条清晰。严密、连贯的思路。

控制法主要包括以下方面内容:

1、是筛选。

筛选是指对多种信息和大脑中闪现的种种想法进行重重筛选,然后加以归类,形成多层次的文章框架的思考方法。筛选的优点是便于先集中内容相似的材料,然后从中筛选出需用的东西并形成相应的观点。对总结、典型经验、调查报告等文书的写作构思较为适用。

2、是综合。

综合是指在多向思考中迅速挑出最切实际、应用性强的几项加以综合,然后从中提炼出最佳议项。综合的优点是使文章有新思想、新提议,同时又切实可行。它适用于可行性研究、决策、建议、计划等文书的写作。推测,是将盘根错节的各种信息、各类条件和多条“初步思路”按一定的规律进行多次清理和推论,从中导出由小到大的层层假说,并由此构成一幅明晰的“思路图”。三是推测。推测的优点是可直观地审视和比较有关条件及现象,推理过程一目了然。它较适用于可行性研究、市场预测、经济分析等文书的写作构思。

(4)梳理法。

以拟写提纲的形式将思路理清。定型。这是锻炼思路的一种极为有效的方法,有助于快速成文。

梳理法包括以下两方面内容:

1、是标明主题,用“主题句”把构思时确定的主题列在提纲首位,以统领下面各项;

2、是安排层次,用概括的文字逐层排列,由小到大。由粗到细地展开思路。

展开阅读全文

篇20:写作基础:谈观后感及影视短论的写作

全文共 2053 字

+ 加入清单

导语:许多同学在观看影片后常会有感而发,尝试写作影评,这对于提高我们的影视鉴赏能力,端正我们的审美观念有相当大的帮助。那么,如何写好影评?

写好影视评论的前提是细心观赏。影视评论不同于书评,书可以反复地看,而影片却一闪即逝,因此,在看电影时不能漫不经心,而要全神贯注,眼观六路,耳听八方,对画面、音乐、对白、音响、表演等方面都要体察精微,并及时捕捉闪光的东西。这样在写的时候才能得心应手,运用自如。

(一)“评什么”

在影片中可评的角度很多。就一部影片而言,可以评主题、评人物、评细节、评场面、评艺术特点、评电影语言的运用等;就多部影片来说,可综合评论一系列影片,阐明某一时期电影艺术创作的倾向和特点;可综合某一类影片(如惊险片、探索片等)进行评论;可综合同一类问题(如古装片的雷同化等)进行评论;另外,还可以进行电影专评,如平添编剧、评导演、评演员、评摄影、评美工、评音乐等。

面对这些可评的内容,初学写影评的中学生具体应如何处理呢?最好的办法是“集中优势兵力歼灭敌人”,抓住影片中给自己留下印象最为深刻、最能激发自己写作欲望的问题来写,这样便于对问题作深入细致的评论,忌面面俱到。

影评写作可以有长有短,可着眼于一部影片的一个镜头,也可以着眼于一种电影现象。对于我们初中生来说,要对一部影片作出全面的评价比较困难,练习写影评,可从评论一个人物形象、一个情节、一个场面入手,可对演员演技。拍摄技巧、导演意图、影片风格、色彩、语言、音乐等进行单一的评析。随着写影评水平的提高,就可对某一人物形象,如影片中的学生、教师、军人等银幕形象发表看法,也可以从纵向谈某一阶段电影的回顾或某一体裁电影的回顾,分析其得失;或从横向谈某一风格的电影,如西部电影、贺岁片、娱乐片等,或横纵向结合,谈一个导演的风格,如谢晋模式、张艺谋现象等到。初涉影评写作不宜贪大求全,而应从一点一滴写起,思考挖掘,连缀成篇。

(二)写影评,应该把握好这样几点

1、捕捉住感受点。

一部电影涉及的方面很广,需要品评的着笔点很多。这就需要对电影反复回味思考,用心灵再度感受,把握往影片中最能动人的地方,并使之在自己的笔下得到理性的升华。如观看了《泰坦尼克号》,不能只简单地叙述这场爱情故事,而要从主人公生与死的考验中感悟到人性的光芒。

2、抓住细节,诠释其深刻涵义。

所谓细节,是影片画面中对表现对象的局部或细微的变化进行精要细致的描绘。细节包括人物的举手投足、一颦一笑,道具的运用,色彩的调度,声音的变化等。典型的细节对展现人物性格、设置悬念、推动情节发展都起着积极作用。如《大转折》中先后三次出现蒋介石的背影,每一次出现都预示着国民党军队下一次的失败,通过三次背影的刻划,将蒋介石政权日薄西山的局面富于象征性地体现出来。

3、立意要新,开掘要深。

写影评要有新意,要有独到的见解,抓往要点,自感而发。要做到有新意,一是要抓住影片内容,结合台社会现买;二是要准确把握住影片的精神实质,挖掘影片本身所包含的深刻内涵。例如对张艺谋电影的分析要紧扣住时代背景,但也不必要都从思想意义角度分析,如巩俐在张艺谋电影中的形象塑造,张艺谋电影中的男性形象等,都是可以开掘的领域。

4、要实事实是地分析评价。

鲁迅先生说过:评论作品必须坏处说坏,好处说好,还要知入论世。他说倘若论文,最好的是顾及全篇,非目顾及作者全人,以及他所处的社会状况,这有较为确凿。对影片作实事来是的评价,要求我们用全面的观点,不是顾其一点,而是观照全片。顾及编导的意图、表演的全部以及当时的社会环境、历史背景等等,作恰如其分的分析与评价。不能强导演、演员、片中人物所难,求全责备。同的,我们在写影评时,也不能人云亦云,如评《情深深雨濛濛》时,有一位同学冷静地指出编导将荧屏中的军阀(如萍、依萍的父亲)形象拔高了——他遇见美丽的女子就抢来作为姨太太,可原因居然是她们像自己的初恋情人。

5、要重视影片的艺术分析。

电影是通过艺术手段来表现主题、塑造人物、抒发感情的,所以影评要重视对影片艺术的高下进行分析。这种分析应具体详细,由表及里,言之有物;评价则应观点鲜明,实事求是。在艺术评析中,字里行间渗透出电影意识,尽可能恰当地运用电影艺术名词术语,还需要有对电影艺术的深刻感受与理性把握。这可以通过阅读电影理论书籍和多欣赏优秀影片来解决。

开始练习写作影评时还应该注意:语言要朴实,要个性化。写影评一定要讲真话,讲自己的话,不要抄袭别人的评论。唯独自己的感受和朴实的语言,才会使自己的评论富有个性和新意,也才会给读者带来清新的感受。

叙议要结合,突出评论。影评离不开叙事。但切忌过多地叙述故事,要突出分析写评价。当然,所评所析不得脱离影片孤立地进行。

设计好影评的标题至关重要。一般来说,它由正副标题构成。正题--揭示文章的中心,必须简明扼要,而又耐人寻味,能够引起读者的阅读兴趣,同时也能给读者带来审美愉悦,它是贯穿全文的主线;副题--点明评论对象,交待片名或评论角度,它是正题必要的补充。二者相得益彰,能使文章增色不少。

展开阅读全文