英语作文暑假去哪里玩(20篇)

转眼间暑假又来到了，我要利用这个宝贵的暑假好好补习，因为我这次期末考试考得很不好，为了让这个暑假过得既充实又有意义又快乐，做到劳逸结合，我特制定了暑假生活及学习计划。

In the blink of an eye the summer vacation came, I want to use this precious summer vacation to cram school, because I am in the final exam is not very good, in order to let this summer vacation will be worthwhile and meaningful and happy, do work and rest, I developed a special summer life and study plan.

除了每周一、三上午去体育馆训练羽毛球，下午作文班学习写作;其余时间就完成老师布置的暑假作业。每天认真写两页字帖、做五页《暑假作业》、做两篇《英语阅读100篇》。

In addition, three in the morning to go to the gym every Monday afternoon training of badminton, composition class writing; complete teacher assigned homework the rest of the time. Every day to write a two page, five page copybook "homework", two "100" in English reading.

每周写一篇高质量的暑假周记，每周看一本有意义的课外书籍增长见识，并做好读书笔记，积累好词好句，写好读后感。

A week to write a high quality vacation week, weekly reading an interesting extracurricular books increase knowledge, and make the reading notes, accumulate good sentence, written.

为了达到劳逸结合，每周至少游泳三次。 我一定会严格要求自己，按照计划学习、生活，度过一个多姿多彩、既充实又有意义又快乐的暑假。

In order to achieve the work and rest, at least go swimming three times a week. I will set strict demands on themselves, according to the plan, learning life, spend a colorful, both substantial and meaningful and happy summer vacation.

One day in the summer vacation, I and dad after breakfast, came to the gan and fishing.

I take out in advance to buy a good bait, wear on the hook, and threw the hook into the water. Just for a minute or two, and I saw buoy sinking, there must be a fish took. I hurriedly filed a fishing rod, saw a fish hook and sure enough, I hurried to catch the line, the hook from the fishs mouth out

Still entered into with water in a bucket, and then wear good bait on the hook, threw it into the water, such as fish bait quietly.

But, after a few minutes, there is still no fish bait, I have to sit still, want to lift hook, it is, dad talked: "fishing to be patient, it is cant catch fish." I hear the word of the father, continue to wait. But more than ten minutes passed, and still no fish bait. So dad told me to change a place to catch, but still no fish bait, how to return a responsibility? I mentioned a look, originally the bait has been eaten by the slippery fish, I have to replace bait, in a short time, a fish bait. I asked my father: "why just down the earthworm will cause the fish?" Dad replied, "just down the earthworms have a kind of smell, fish smelled the odor will know that there are food, can swim by..."

One day in this summer vacation, my mother solemnly said to me, "child,

prevention of drowning is a major safety issue for your students during their

holidays. For the sake of safety, you should learn how to swim. I signed up for

a training class for you. Lets go and experience it! " I cant help shivering

when I hear the word "swimming". Thought: no! Im a "dry duck", in case I fall

into the water... Although I dont want to, my mother still takes me to the

swimming pool in a hurry.

With everything ready, I walked slowly to the pool in my swimsuit. Looking

around carefully, the environment in the pool was very clean. There were many

adults and children playing in the pool, with laughter. The water in front of me

is clear and there are waves rippling away from time to time

I unknowingly came to the entrance of the pool, holding the railing tightly

in both hands and walking down the ladder step by step. Just touched the water,

a cool then hit, I scared legs are soft. All of a sudden, a black figure like an

arrow quickly swam, only to see the black figure suddenly raised his head,

seriously said to me: "in the future, I will be your male coach!" It turned out

to be the coach. He was dark, tall, and severe. I cant help getting nervous

again for fear that if I dont study well, I will be criticized by the coach.

But the way the coach swam just now is really like a fish in the water. Its

really enviable.

The first class soon began, just listen to the coach shouting: "now start

learning to hold your breath, first take a deep breath, and then drill your head

into the water, exhale!" While talking, he demonstrated to us that there were

many small bubbles in the water from time to time. After a while, the coach

looked up and said, "OK, now you practice freely. Dont be lazy. Ill check it."

Finally, its our turn to "show our skills". Im so excited that I dance. I bury

my head in the water like a coach and spit bubbles under the water. Strings of

bubbles are like pearls, beautiful; In the blink of an eye, it broke up.

Immersed in the bubble, I suddenly felt a little bit difficult to breathe and

uncomfortable, so I had to look up and return to the water.

Later, I calmly passed the "suffocation" of this pass, but also got the

praise of the coach, not to mention how happy I was, and my face was full of

happy brilliance. Before the tension like the winter swallow, disappeared

without a trace. The next training, I will try to learn more swimming skills,

can not be proud of a small success!

July xx 2012

It was the first day of our summer holiday. All of us were very happy. Why? Because we have one months to do things we love to do. We are free.Although we have some homework. But we can finish them in several days. And the rest time we can make good use of. My god! We have been very tired after hard studying. In winter holidays, I want to have full sleepand eat good food in order to replenish myself. Last but not the least, I will have a good rest.

翻译：

这是第一天，我们的暑假。我们大家都非常高兴。为什么?因为我们有一个月的事我们都爱做的事。我们很空闲.虽然我们有一些功课。但是，我们可以完成他们的若干天。其余的时间我们可以好好利用。我的上帝!我们已经很疲惫后很难学习。在冬季假期，我希望能有充分的很好吃的食物，以补充自己。最后但并非最不重要，我会好好休息。

Hello,everyone!Do you want to know anything about my vacation?Now let me tell you!I had a very exciting vacation.I went to Beijing.There are many special place there.For example,Hutong 、the Palace Museum、the Childrens Palace and more.I went to the Hutong first.Oh~I think it was very relaxing.Then I went to the Palace Museum. It was great but very crowded and boring.In the evening,I ate the Sichuan food for dinner.It was very delicious! ……

I think the summer vacation was very good!

你好,每个人!你想知道任何关于我的假期吗?现在让我来告诉你!我有一个非常激动人心的假期。我去了北京。有许多特别的地方。例如,胡同,故宫博物馆,儿童的宫殿和更多。首先我去了胡同。哦~我认为这是非常放松。然后我去了故宫博物院。这是伟大的但非常拥挤和乏味。在晚上,我吃了四川菜,准备做晚饭。这是非常美味!……

我认为暑假是非常好的!

My summer vacation

My summer vacation of this year was very enjoyable. I went to the countryside to spend my summer holidays. It is very beautiful there. There are green plants, clear rivers, lovely animals and kind people. I spent two weeks helping my grandfather do some farm work there. I wrote down what happened in my diary every day.

Besides that, I helped the children in the neighbourhood with their lessons. I helped them read English and improve their spoken English. Their parents thanked me for this.

【参考译文】

今年的暑假生活非常愉快。我去农村过暑假。那儿非常美丽，有绿色的植物，清澈的小河，可爱的动物和善良的人们。在那里的两周中我帮爷爷干了些农活。每天我在日记中记下所发生的事情。

除了这些，我还帮助邻居家的孩子做功课。我帮他们读英语，使他们的口语有所提高。他们的父母为此很感激我。

My summer vacation of this year was very enjoyable。 I went to the countryside to spend my summer holidays.It is very beautiful there。 there are green plants， clear rivers， lovely animals kind people。 i spent two weeks helping my grandfather do some farm work there.Iwrote down what happened in my diary every day。

besides that,I helped the children in the neighbourhood with their lessons.I helped them read english improve their spoken english.Their parents thanked me for this。

今年的暑假生活非常愉快。我去农村过暑假。那儿非常美丽，有绿色的植物，清澈的小河，可爱的动物和善良的人们。在那里的两周中我帮爷爷干了些农活。每天我在日记中记下所发生的事情。

除了这些，我还帮助邻居家的孩子做功课。我帮他们读英语，使他们的口语有所提高。他们的父母为此很感激我。

The summer vacation had come round again。 I was happy that I could forget about school at least for a while。 Lest I fool around all through this summer vacation， I made a plan as to how to spend it。 First， I thought I should go over all those things my teachers taught in the previous term so that I could have a better understanding of them。 Then I thought I should take up some forms of exercise， such as walking， running rowing， to keep me physically strong。 It stood to reason that with such a good plan I should make the best of my vacation time。 I did， because I lived up to what I had planned。

Summertime is the besttime of the year.There is no school for monthsI get to do what I want.With no tests no homework,Im as free as a bird.

I do many things during the summer vacation.I relax by reading books watching TV.I also hang out with my friends travel with my family.However,I dont play in summer.I take advantage of the free time to learn more.For example,last summer I learned to swim.This summer I might study computers or English.Summer vacation flies by fast,so its important to do as as you can.

In this summer holiday, I put my summer vacation, this summer vacation in addition to finish the teacher the assignment, I also read many books, I enjoyed a lot of knowledge, therefore, the study of knowledge, before I also temperature preview the content of knowledge in the new semester, ready to fully, then with a nervous mood to meet the new term.

First of all, I took the knowledge I had learned in fifth grade and went through it again. I did a thorough study of what I didnt know before. Although during the holidays, dad advised me to rest, but, I think learning is a very pleasant thing, I didnt understand the topic, is feeling very comfortable. If I dont study for hours every day, I feel empty. Of course, I have time to play.

Then I began the journey of pleasure in the book sea. In the summer vacation, I took a plunge into the ocean of books and searched my books for my happiness. The whole summer vacation, I read a lot of good books, has borrowed from the library, from the bookstore to buy, also found on the Internet, these books cant let I have mastered a lot of classroom knowledge, also let me happily spent a summer vacation. With so many good books, my summer vacation is full and happy.

Finally, Im going to prepare for the next semester. I carefully read my hopes for next term, and I will be different. Be someone worthy of admiration.

在这个暑假我把我的暑假排的满满的，这暑假除了做完老师布置的作业，我还阅读了许多的课外书，饱览了许多的知识，我还温故了以前学习的知识，预习了新的学期所学知识的内容，做好了充分的准备，便带着紧张的心情迎接这新的学期。

首先，我把五年级所学过的知识又重新温习了一遍，对那些以前掌握的不是很扎实的知识点做了深入的学习。虽然在假期里，爸爸劝我要多休息，但是，我觉得学习是一件很令人高兴的事情，我做出了以前没有搞懂的题目，感觉很是舒服。如果我每天不学习几个小时，我都会感觉到空虚。当然，我也有玩的时候。

然后，我便开始了在书海中遨游的快乐旅程。一放暑假，我就一头扎入书的海洋，在书中寻找我的快乐。整个暑假，我读了很多好书，有从图书馆借的，有从书店买的，还有在网络上找到的，这些书让我掌握了很多课堂上学不到的知识，也让我开开心心地度过了暑假。有这么多好书的陪伴，我的暑假过得又充实，又快乐。

最后，我要准备下学期的知识，笨鸟先飞嘛!我仔仔细细地阅读希望下个学期，能有与众不同的自己。做一个值得让别人钦佩的人.

导语：暑假马上要来了，你有什么趣事要跟我们分享的呢?下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

Summer vacation is over but one thing still makes me hard to forget.

That day the weather was very hot I am at home as instruments. When I see a "paste nose" of this writing find it very interesting thought: I have also come to play. Said do your job. I shall first on the blackboard and drew a little boy that is there is no nose. I cut a small nose and then called the neighbors play a small partner.

He (she) had heard were very much fun they play one after another. At this time a little brother said: "playing such a game should have a prize right?" I think he would so they took a little rubber on the table when the prizes. Began to play and that little brother first play I used the linen covered his eyes he was much deliberation the last of a fierce "Ha ha ha ha ... ..." came a burst of laughter he won a small linen look It turned out he paste it into the mouth of the boy. Followed by the next little sister and her demeanor was serious considering for a long time before skeptical to posted up can you look another burst of laughter because she is the face nose posted outside and she laughed in embarrassment .

Finally my turn I found it a bit uneven paste the nose so I went on that feeling to touch and finally touched. My self-confidence up one a loud burst of applause came I was elated. That little brother is not satisfied said: "Next I must win!" So another bureau began ... ...

You say this can not memorable interesting?

【参考译文】

暑假已经结束但是还有一件事让我难以忘记。

那一天天气很热我在家里工具。当我看到一个“贴鼻子”撰写本文时发现它非常有趣的想:我也来玩。说做你的工作。我将首先在黑板上画了一个小男孩也就是说没有鼻子。我切一个小鼻子然后叫邻居小伴侣。

他(她)听到是非常有趣他们一个接一个地玩。这时一个小弟弟说:“玩这样一个游戏应该有一个奖对吗?“我觉得他会他们就拿奖时一个小橡皮在桌子上。开始玩小弟弟第一次玩我用亚麻布盖住了他的眼睛他考虑再三最后的激烈“哈哈哈哈……”一阵笑声他赢得了小麻看起来结果粘贴到男孩的嘴。紧随其后的是下一个小妹妹她的举止是严重的考虑了很长一段时间之前怀疑来发布你能看另一个大笑因为她的脸鼻子贴外她尴尬地笑了。

终于轮到我了我发现它有点不均匀粘贴的鼻子所以我继续这种感觉摸终于感动了。我的自信一声一阵阵热烈的掌声我心花怒放。小弟弟不满意说:“接下来我必须赢!“那么另一个局开始……

你说这不能令人难忘有趣吗?

The typhoonHaitang is coming. It comes with the heavily wind and rains. This is my first time to see the wind so strong. I got sleeplessness on Sunday night. The windows were making noises by the great wind. Even I could hear the voice of the iron sheet down on the street. We could not go out while the typhoon coming. It was very dangers because we might be hit by the trees, ad signboards or others things. Anyway, stayed at home was the best choice for the foul weather.

This afternoon, we play a game called ‘Family Tree’. This game is very interesting. I’m very interested in it. Our teacher’s family is very large. She has many brothers and sisters. But I am unlucky, I has only a sister and I without brothers. But I think I have the best parents in the world. They are very friendly to me. I live in a good family. My grand parents loves me, too. When they buy meat, they will give the best parts of the meat to me.

When I was a child, I can’t undertand them. I want to have bread. My grand father took a bike to Qu Tang. Because in our village there is no ‘bread house’. Qu Tang is far from our village. Now I grow up. I understand them when I think of this things. I will cry I can’t use words to say I love them.

I love my family!

and I believe I can be successful.  How time flies! Today was the forth day since I came here. Everyday was different. Today Mr. Brodie let us Wtch a movie. It’s called “pride and prejudice”. The heroine was very beautiful and clever. The environment was beautiful too. The movie was interesting but I thought our teacher was more lovely than it. Miss Zhang taught us grammer. It was difficult but important. So we must learn it. It was important for us to learn English. It helped us to talk with foreigners. In the night， one day。

too. She’s a chemist and often works very late. Nevertheless， My family includes three people and a pet. These three people are my father。

and I can mostly understand her， she is always there to take care of me. Though her expectations for me are very high. I know she only wants what’s best for me. My cat， Pyramid and so on. How beautiful they are!for this reason。

if you want to walk with them side by side， we will have an exam about vocabulary. Our teacher said it was easy so I am sure I can do it well. 杨琳辉 A good day begins from the morning. In the whole morning， we watched “pride and predudice”. One is lovely and the other is lyrical. They enlarged my idea. I liked them very much. The afternoon was wonderful， and please feel free if you want to have fun with your classmates! There are only just 16 days left， though a few words are not known. I’ll try my best to follow my teacher and classmates and someday I can walk with them side by side， he can also be playful and funny. My mother is caring and hardworking。

I have grown up. I have ever seen many places of interests in the picture， is a member of my family， and I usually know what she wants us to do， and spread my happiness to everyone. At the age of 8， as the first word the teacher said to me。

such as I don’t know a lot of words。

but he always s firnds the time to cook dinner and help me with homework. Although he is strict at times。

my mother took me home. So I dreamt to open up a park and let many children play in it while day. But now， cookie， and I always do things slowly. My ears are not good， you should do it today! ， Great Wall。

but I’ve tried to catch every word the teacher says， that I couldn’t catch up with others，。

my mother 。

as the first smile appeared on my face， I felt a little afraid and uncomfortable. I was afraid that I wouldn’t be accepted here， including White House， and that I couldn’t understand new teachers and classmates. Now I know I was wrong. Just as the first class begin， that I would have problems getting on well with others， I went to an amusement park with my parents. There were many interesting and exciting things. I played happily. When I wanted to play another one， I always sang a song to my neighbours. When I finished， I realized I had been a ‘real’member of this class. But there are things I’m not yet used to， well， too. We read an article about hurricane. There were many new words in it. But we guessed their meaning from the context. I learned a new way to know new words. Today is great. Today I went to a new class.Here I met many new faces. At first， and I. I also have a cat named cookie. My father is hardworking and playful. He rus a small business at home. He is very busy。

I dreamt to be a traveller and travel round world. But I know “too many dreams stands for no dream”. So I must try my best to achieve one dream， I believe.

How I spent my summer vacation?

The summer vacation had come round again. I was happy that I could forget about school at least for a while. Lest I fool around all through this summer vacation, I made a plan as to how to spend it. First, I thought I should go over all those things my teachers taught in the previous term so that I could have a better understanding of them. Then I thought I should take up some forms of exercise, such as walking, running rowing, to keep me physically strong. It stood to reason that with such a good plan I should make the best of my vacation time. I did, because I lived up to what I had planned.

[我如何度过暑假英语作文

I went to climb the Great Wall with my parents this summer vacation.I’m glad to know you’re interested in this trip.I’ll tell you as much as possible now.

The Great Wall is one of the greatest wonders of the world.It attracts thousands of tourists both at home and abroad every day.It runs across the mountains,like a dragon.

When we got there we were very excited that we began toclimbimmediately.The steps sometimes were very flat,but sometimes very steep.After two hours of climbing,we got to the top at last.I enjoyed the beauty of the mountains andtook a lot of photos.I felt really proud and thought of the famous saying:He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man.

If you come to China,I’ll be glad to take you to the Great Wall so that you can appreciate the beautiful scenery of the Great Wall.

The long summer vacation is coming to an end, and I have taken part in many activities besides study, the most interesting of which is "catching fish".

That day I came to the countryside, and my dad went to catch fish, we can see the bottom of the river a came to the river, through river water can see fish alive, I cant wait to the river, I catch fish and small dad game, I went to a fish, but how the grinch stole Christmas strange fish saw me and I catch it, it is a flash, I suddenly fell down to the, I flipped was determined to hold it and I went chasing up left a scratch, a scratch right indeed as expected but in the end its all worthwhile I finally caught the fish, but again see oneself has become a drowned rat. But I was happy to catch a fish. I yelled at my little dad, "I caught a fish." "Just one," dad said. "I grabbed a bucket!" I ran over and saw that I had almost fainted!

I really happy today, although lost, but because no matter winning or losing, let me get a harvest, also had happiness, the person also is compared to catch fish, as long as you work hard, diligently will certainly have a harvest.

来到海边，我被它的气势震住了，那数丈高的巨浪拍打着沿岸的礁石，卷起的白色浪花仿佛是千堆雪花;那深不可测的蔚蓝海底不知蕴藏了多少秘密与宝藏。

岸边沙滩上玉屑银末般的细沙，金灿灿亮闪闪的，软软地暖暖地搔着人们的脚底板。谁都忍不住想捏一捏、揉一揉，将它砌成各种童话世界里的城堡……

金色而又柔软的细沙里躲藏着一个又一个的贝壳。有的嫣红如天边的晚霞，流出一抹淡淡的浅红;有的亮绿如黑夜里狼的双眼，射出幽幽的绿光;有的如洁白无暇的白玉，在阳光下闪耀着刺眼的白光;有的如光洁绚丽的紫绸，溢出紫罗兰一般的高贵与芬芳……不远处，还有一些虎皮斑纹相间，宛如可爱的小豹爪，忽隐忽现地与我们躲起了迷藏。

有一扇贝壳，让我爱不释手，红白相间，独有一番情致。红色的斑纹让我想到了火，白色的斑纹让我想到了雪。火与雪是不相容的，但在这扇贝壳上却得到了完美的结合，它们水乳交融浑然天成，宛如火上有雪，或雪中有火。我觉得这扇贝壳不仅有趣，还蕴涵着大海的气概，便小心翼翼地用双手捧着，好象手中捧着的是一块脆玉，轻轻一碰就会碎掉。

海，有着梦幻般的蓝色。远远望去，海天相连，若不是海面上漾起层层波纹，我都分不清哪里是天，哪里是海了，满眼是蔚蓝一片。蓝蓝的天与蓝蓝的海融为一体，低翔的白鸥掠过蓝蓝的海面，真让人担心洁白的翅尖会被海水蘸蓝了。夕阳西下，潇潇洒洒地抖落下赤朱丹彤，在大海上溅出无数个夺目的亮点。大海像披了件金箔缕衣，又像饱饮了玫瑰酒似的，醉醺醺地涨溢与光与彩。

在水与天的交接处，出现了一条金色的弧线。这景象比惊涛巨浪的拍岸更蔚为壮观;比一弯明月浮浪而出的景色更令人如痴如醉，流连忘返。这油画般的美景怎能不令人拍案叫绝?

我陶醉在这充满诗意的画面里，感叹祖国的河山如此壮丽多娇。将来无论我走到哪里，这幅美丽的画卷将永远定格在我记忆深处。

Last year, I go to Beijing with my parents. We go to the Great Wall and visit it.And we visit the famous Forbidden City.They are the prettiest buildings I have ever seen.But there is so hot ,we could bear.So, we buy many drinks and ice-creams,We are play have fun very much and very much!

[暑假英语日记大全

today i receive a strange call.i was told that my telephone was owed 2500 yuan.it was a shock to me.what a pity if that was true!

in fact at first i dont believe it at all.because my mom have just paid for my telephone call cost for me last month.

so i inquire about it through a call to the telecommunication office.

in the end the truth came out.it was completely a lie.i have enough money on my phone .

i hate swindler.

summer can be very hot in southern tai wan where the temperature usually goes up to 32"c or more. because of the heat it is a trying experience to go to school or do anything else in a place that is not air-conditioned. also because of this i stay at home most of the time during the summer vacation and occasionally go to the beach to plunge myself into the cool water as a way to keep my body less sticky. actually i like swimming think nothing is more refreshing than a swim. in the summer vacation that has ended i went swimming many times with my classmates we all had a good time. this summer vacation, however, was not spent entirely in seeking fun. as a second-year senior student i had to prepare myself for the college entrance examinations that were a year away. in other words, i must find time to study, too. so i divided my time between work play during the summer vacation derived benefit from this arrangement.

i spent this summer vacation in quite a different way. i used to run about every day in previous summer vacations,this summer vacation i simply could not afford to do so. i would soon be in the last year of my high-school education would after graduation be up against the college entrance examinations. though those examinations were still a year away, i had to start early to make myself well prepared by reviewing all those things i had learned at school this summer vacation was the ideal time for me to do this. at first i was rather dismayed at the thought of this,later i thought it was better this way because by working hard this summer i could count on endless happy summers to come. with this in mind i then set to work like anything and occasionally went out for a change or did some physical. i was not at all bored by this kind of life, for i was sustained by a hope.

the summer vacation had come round again. i was happy that i could forget about school at least for a while. lest i fool around all through this summer vacation, i made a plan as to how to spend it. first, i thought i should go over all those things my teachers taught in the previous term so that i could have a better understanding of them. then i thought i should take up some forms of exercise, such as walking, running rowing, to keep me physically strong. it stood to reason that with such a good plan i should make the best of my vacation time. i did, because i lived up to what i had planned.

[暑假有意义的事高中英语作文200词

Our summervacationiscoming in thefuture days. soIhavea planabout how to improvemyEnglish skills.

Asweall know ,westudy English is used for us to communitate withpeople.Inmy opinion, speaking isimportant.Butif wehaventenough knowledge , wecant speakmore andspeakwell . I like study English,IthingEnglish is very interesting. Because English ismy secondlanguage,my knowledge islimited.Tothe disadvantage, first, Illstudy from reading!

When webeginingvacation,Ill borrowsome English books fromourschoollibrary,andIlllet my boyfriend to borrow some Englishbooksfrom his schoollibrary,too .Every morning Illreading these books,andcommunicate withmy little sister and my boyfriendin English. At this time,Ill listening theEnglish program from the vedio.In order to improve mycommunicationability, maybe Ill go to the "HE NAN PROVINCE TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY".

There are many foreign students andforeign teachers.I think,Illtalking with them. Mymajorprofessional is BussinessEnglish.Itsa popular profession inthe future.Our teacher told us,ifwe wantto getagood job,wemust knownalotofprofessionalknowledge.Face tothe job problem,Imuststudyhard moreandmore!IdontknowwhatjobIwilltakein.My parents wantmetoteach inmyhometown.Maybeinthe summer vacation , Id preparations for the"Teacherqualification certificate" .