检检讨书分几个部分(最新20篇)

对于 月 日下午，我在工作时间打台球被纪委查处一事，感到深深的内疚和悔恨。

当天下午5点半，我在上班时间离开工作岗位，从事和本职工作无关的活动，被前来检查的市纪委工作组发现。检查时的视频经电视台播出、微信圈的转发，在社会上引起了强烈反响，对我们单位、我们系统造成了恶劣影响，相关同事因我受到牵连，我感到十分抱歉，在这里，请允许我说一声：对不起。(鞠躬)

事情发生后，我的心情一直很沉重，不停反思、深刻检讨自己所犯下的错误。造成这样严重的后果，主要有以下原因：

1、政治觉悟低。十八大后，党和国家提出八项规定，大力转变政府工作作风。我们是服务性单位，局里多次组织大家学习相关精神，时刻敲打我们。在这样严峻的形势下，我却没有足够的认识，没有把八项规定放在心上，落到实处，不仅觉得离自己很遥远，还顶风作案，与党的要求相违背。从这一点上说，我不是一名合格的共产党员。

2、纪律性不强。俗话说“没有规矩，不成方圆”，如果纪律规定都不遵守，就成为空话。我没有遵守党的要求，没有遵守局里的规定，没有将规章制度刻在心中，做事前，没

有考虑自己的行为是不是与制度相违背，才会犯下今天的严重错误。

3、存在侥幸心理。当天下午3点钟，纪委检查组已经来到我们单位进行一次突击检查，我想当然的认为：“今天已经来过一次，应该不会再来了。再说全市那么多单位，不可能光盯住咱们一家啊，时间已经5点半了，接近下班时间了，不会有事的”正是有了这种侥幸心理，放松了警惕，做出了违规的事情。

归根到底，还是我没有认识到为人民服务的工作本质，对自己要求不严。即使没有纪委的监督与检查，我也应该认认真真工作，踏踏实实做人，履行好自己的岗位职责，对得起局领导对我的培养与信任。在工作时间内，恪尽职守，循规蹈矩，出满勤，干满点，不脱离岗位，不做与工作无关的事情。

经过这次事情，我充分认识到自己的不足，我为我的行为感到后悔，也对给我局带来了的不好影响感到愧疚。我必须要为我的过失负责，愿意接受该有的惩罚。这次教训，我将当作极其宝贵的经验财富加以吸取，并铭记于心，时常警醒自己。

真心感谢领导和同事的教诲，在今后的工作中，我一定端正工作态度，转变工作作风，高质量完成本职工作，坚决不再犯类似错误。欢迎大家对我进行监督指正。谢谢大家。

尊敬的经理：

您好!

对于我今天中午外出__*而未及时到岗的情况，我做出检讨并致以诚挚的歉意。 虽说一个美丽的发型对女孩子是很重要的，但我也不应该因为这个而占用了上班的时间，辜负了同事们的期望，也辜负了经理您的信任。

我会吸取这一次的教训，以后一定严格律己，不迟到早退(无论早晚)，不无故旷工，上班就做上班的事，积极完成经理交代的任务，协同帮助其他的同事，为了把__部门建设成一个人见人爱，花见花开的优秀集体而努力!

古人云：知错能改，善莫大焉!希望我的这封检讨信能对其他同事起到鞭策的作用，让我们一起努力!

尊敬的单位领导：

关于此次错误，我痛心疾首。在此，怀着深深懊悔向您递交检讨，以反省说谎欺骗人的严重错误。我身为一名员工，理应遵守公司工作规章，更应该遵守诚信。

此次，工作期间外出，领导问起，我却帮助班长编出种种借口隐瞒实情。我这样的行为是严重地违反工作纪律，也是对领导的欺骗，是对领导的不尊重。

我的错误，充分暴露出我工作纪律意识不强，做事做人不够稳妥，处事经验还不足够。面对错误，我真的悔不当初。

为此，我深刻总结经验教训，决心竭力悔改：

第一，我要正视自己的工作纪律问题，再次认真学习相关工作条例、规章纪律。从今往后自己不做有违工作规章的事，也绝不再帮助其他人欺骗领导。

第二，针对我办事不够稳妥的情况，我在吸取本次错误经验教训之后，必将重新审视自身，努力办事不稳妥的缺点，自己必将倍加用心、谨慎地对待工作生活。

此致

敬礼

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老婆：

俺又错了，不该……朋友你别打岔，没瞧俺正在难处，给老婆大人作检讨的吗?听俺先讲完。你说什么?你问俺怎么错了。我那知道?这不，忽然见老婆大人玉面上有晴转阴，有阴转雨!俺肯定有责任，甭管什么回事，检讨先作着，省得待会儿又落个执迷不悟，顽固不化的罪名。

俺……俺不该昨天跟你说的那帮狐朋狗友喝酒到深夜。这小刘也是，跑到深圳几年都不回来，昨天不知怎么就突然回来了。你回来就回呗，又不是台湾回来了，张扬什么。给俺打什么电话，说什么上学三年里我们睡上下铺，几年不见了想俺想的不能行，非要聚聚。听他讲完后，俺立马就想起了你给俺作的：“下班后立即回家，不得在外逗留”指示。并为此内心思想斗争激烈，犹豫了一又三十五分秒才答应他。唉，怪俺一时冲动，光想急着去见上下铺兄弟了，忘了俺是有领导的人，能和他“一人吃饱全家不饿相比吗。”害你跑那么远的路，把俺从饭店押解回家。通过昨晚俺在沙发上的一夜反省，俺早上己经向你作过检讨了啊!你不是己经高抬贵手了吗?俺再次保证：下回小刘别说从深圳回来，他就是从大西洋回来，俺也得先请示汇报，坚块摒弃无组织无纪律的自由主义观念。

“什么?不是这事。”俺……对了，前天下班后同事小张、小李、小王非要斗地主。三缺一非要俺参加当牌架子。俺本不想参加，架不住他三个人死缠乱泡。导致最后俺输了五十元零八角钱。钱虽少，也是博赌啊!俺改，俺改。要不俺烟的挡次再降降，把损失尽快给补回来。(这仨小子，看俺回单位后不收拾他们，说好保密的，竟然言而无信，这不是要俺的命吗。)

“不是这事，这事以后再另案处理。”这几天俺表现还可以啊?扫地、洗衣服、送儿子上学等家务活俺样样都主动干了，你不也夸俺有进步吗?上网俺也只是关心祖国发展和国外形势。要不写就是写首歪诗，没有和那个MM聊理想、人生啊!

“哦!是咱家小狗贝贝不见了。”你怎么不早说，这天热的，浑身都是汗，别急别急，俺这就找去。

老婆，你多次对我说，你年纪都过四十了，至今才是一个副股级干部，太没出息了。确实如此，我也为此整天睡不好觉呀。人家与我同时参加工作的张三李四王五赵六已经是处长、局长了，我仍然是一个副股长，和人家没法比呀。你说我干得不咋样，要不然早就被提拔了。我承认自己干得不好，可我确实是拼命地干了，你看看，我

都戴上六百度的眼镜了。我整天忙得脚打后脑勺，没完没了地写材料爬格子，不叫苦不喊累，也算兢兢业业了。可就是达不到提拔的要求。不过，我很有信心。我想，通过拼搏，会实现自己升职理想的。

我想，官这东西是不可强求的。有人升官如探囊取物一般，那是人家水平高，咱们没那本事，就得有一点耐心才行。你最瞧不起张三，说张三只有小学文化，不懂业务，嗓门大爱说大话，更擅长溜须拍马，请客送礼。可张三不费吹灰之力就当上了副局长，不到两年又提拔为正局长。不服不行呀。所以，在新的一年，我要向张三学一学，正所谓，世事洞察皆学问，人情练达是文章。我已改变了对张三的看法，我甚至对张三产生了深深的敬意。人家本来没啥学问，业务也不行，可人家在此十分不利的情况下，还能升得上去，靠的不是一种顽强的拼搏精神吗?所以，我要拜张三为师，向张三求教。去年张三求我给他写一篇论文，因为我瞧不起他，没有给他写。今年，我要写好两篇论文，主动送给张三。

还有一件事压在我的心头，总不好意思给你说。我作为一个男子汉，却没有抓大钱的能力。我常说，钱不能买来一切，其实都是为自己打掩护。我天天累得两眼昏花，腰酸腿软，可每个月只有几百元的工资入帐。总觉得手头紧，不说买车，就是住上几十平方米的楼房，还欠了一屁股债。可人家张三，一家有两三套房子，有两台私家车，自己开一台，老婆开一台，此外还拥有繁华地段商业房三处对外出租。真是不比不知道，一比活不了，我自己怎么这样无能呢。我是学经济专业的大学毕业生，真的没有学好经济学呀。我的知识都让我当下酒小菜给吃光了，白念了四年大学呀。我不敢回我母校呀，一想起我的母校，我就心酸呀。现在，我已经悄悄地买了十多部关于经商的书籍，我要拿出在学校学习的劲头(在校时，我是三好学生，最高奖学金获得者)，必定能有所收获。新的一年，我经商的目标是赚取利润三千元，目标小了点，但也得循序渐进，步步为营，下一年，创利争取翻一番。你千万别着急，着急太甚，会伤了身子，我于心不忍呀。

我是一个书呆子，你说读书没有用，我不敢反驳，我给读书人丢脸了。我说知识是金，你却说凭我读书花费的时间，早就应飞黄腾达了。可实际上我却是穷光蛋。我想，不是读书无用，而是我读书没有读好呀。我是只读书却没有写出畅销书呀。你没看报纸上说，人家写了一本书，就销售出二三百万册。你算算，一本书就是嫌一元钱，人家就赚了二三百万。要是咱们得到这些钱，一辈子都花不完呀。所以，以后我的努力方向就是写畅销书。我保证，假如畅销书赚了钱，第一件事就是拿出三万元给你买一个钻戒，让你高兴一下。也借此表示我的一点心意。

我长期在机关工作，变得大腹便便，呆头呆脑了。当初身材高挑帅气的小伙子消失了。我知道，这很让你感到伤心，你说一见我就不烦别人。你劝我看看成龙和濮存昕演的电影电视剧。其实，我明白你的意思，你是让我在体形上向成龙看齐，形象上向濮存昕看齐。我下了决定，向这个方向努力。我要冬练三九，夏练三伏。尽可能地向成龙濮存昕两位大哥逼近。当然，我不准备去演电影电视剧，我不爱好演戏，我怕上镜。这一点你是清楚的，有一次电视台说我写稿子成了名人，就给我拍了一个电视专题片，拍完了一个多星期了，我的手脚还在哆嗦呢。所以我参加健美也好，锻炼风度也好，就是为了你，为了你能满意。在这个世界上，别人对我怎么样我已经不在意了，而在意你，因为我深深地爱着你。你的满意是我最大的幸福，你的不满意是我最大的悲哀。

2011年1月24日晚公司对我们淮海路营业厅进行的突进安全检查，检查出这样或那样的问题。之所以出现这么多的问题，关键是因为我们的安全意识淡薄，没有深刻认识到安全生产的重要性，没有时刻把安全生产放在第一位。精神上麻痹大意，没有端正态度。作为淮海路营业厅的一名安全员，我没有以身作则，也出现了问题。“没有一切借口”，出现问题就要承认错误，并要积极改正。在这里我深刻地认识要自己的不足，并作出深刻检讨。

安全生产一直是部门，公司，企业，乃至整个社会的重中之重。没有安全，谈何生产，一切都是白费。只有确保安全，才能真正的生产。才能为公司带来效益，为人民带来利益，为社会作出贡献。安全生产之所以如此重要，那是因为：首先，安全生产是企业发展的重要保障，企业是社会大家庭中的一个细胞，只有抓好自身安全生产、保一方平安，才能促进社会大环境的稳定，进而也为企业创造良好的发展环境。其次，安全生产是企业文化建设的重要组成部分。安全是人类最重要、最基本的需求，是人的生命与健康的基本保证，一切生活、生产活动都源于生命的存在。总之，“安全第一”是一个永恒的主题。企业只有安全的发展才是健康的发展、和谐的发展。因此，抓好安全工作，尤为重要。

安全生产出现的问题虽然只是很普遍的问题，是我们平时没注意到的细节问题。但是就是因为这些细节，我们才更应该反思。是因为我们的态度，我们的心理出了问题。假如一个消防员，因为一个消防栓的故障问题没有注意到细节，在关键时刻，面对数千人的生命，面对上亿的人民财产，而失去了作用，造成生命财产的损失，那将是多么让人痛心疾首的事情。下面就是一个活生生的事实,2011年11月15日14时，上海余姚路胶州路一栋高层公寓起火。据附近居民介绍，公寓内住着不少退休教师，起火点位于10-12层之间，整栋楼都被大火包围着，楼内还有不少居民没有撤离。截至11月16日9时20分，大火已导致53人遇难，另有70余人正在接受治疗。事故原因已初步查明，是由无证电焊工违章操作引起的，四名犯罪嫌疑人已经被公安机关依法刑事拘留。违章操作也是细节问题，是管理员的失职。这是一种态度问题，一切事故皆出于麻痹大意。俗话说：淹死会水的，打死犟嘴的。面对安全，我们要端正态度，时刻警惕。这是原则问题，原则是不能动摇，不可改变，时刻谨记的。

在这里，我做出郑重承诺。谨记安全生产的重要性，以身作则，始终把安全生产放在第一位;警惕安全生产的危害性，定期检查，绝不放过任何一处安全隐患问题。端正态度，明确思想，从小处做起，从细节做起。

【篇一】

尊敬的老师：

我由于在学习的时候没有好好听讲，造成了作业错误的行为，当时老师对我进行了批评教育，在学校老师的教育和同学们的帮助下，我终于意识到自己犯的错误的严重性。

错误的性质是严重的。我在学习的时候在关心别的没有好好听讲，并且试图打扰其他的同学，这是有悖学生的行为，其结果损害了多方利益，在学校造成极坏的影响。这种行为，即使是并没有给别人带来伤害，仍然是不对的，此举本身就是违背了做学生的原则。我只是顾着自己的玩乐，和一时的想法，完全不理会老师的感受。这也是不对的，人是社会的人，大家不应该只是想着自己，我这么做，害的是我自己，我这样做，看似在现在玩的开心，实际上是在害自己。而且，一旦考试的时候我现在不会也是对老师的不尊重。所以，当老师对我进行批评教育的时候，也是为了让我深刻的认识到这点。

其次，我上课没听老师讲课也是一种对老师的工作不尊敬的表现。中国是一个礼仪之邦，自古就讲究尊师重道，这是一种传统的美德，过去我一直忽视了它。抛开着一层面，不单单是老师，无论对任何人，我们都应该尊重他，尊重他的劳动，他的劳动成果。我这样做，直接造成了不尊重老师，不尊重他人，不尊重他人劳动的恶劣影响。作为一名学生，一名正在接受高等教育的人来说，这种表现显然不符合社会对我们的要求。

再次，我这种行为还在学校同学间造成了及其坏的影响，破坏了学校的形象。同学之间本应该互相学习，互相促进，而我这种表现，给同学们带了一个坏头，不利于学校的学风建设。同时，也对学校形象造成了一定损害，“(自己写你门的学校)”在人们心目中一直是一个学术严谨的学校，我们应该去维护这个形象而不是去破坏它!我在上课的时候没好好学习，这是严重的不尊重老师的行为。尊师重道是中华民族的优良传统美德，是当代学生理应具备的品质。现在我才深刻的意识到我的错误。我在上课的时候不好好学习，这并不是好的表现，同时也是在害我自己，上课是用来增加学生的知识的，不是来玩的，所以我这种是行为很不对的，违背了做学生的原则。

当然，我不能说我是来学校玩的，这是不能成为我上课不好好听讲的理由。鲁迅先生说过：不友善的帮助就是恶意的伤害。我只有认真反思，寻找错误后面的深刻根源，认清问题的本质，才能给集体和自己一个交待，从而得以进步。做为一名学生我没有做好自己的本职，本应该在课堂上好好听讲，而我却在玩，辜负了老师对我的教育之恩，老师含辛茹苦的把知识教会我们，是想让我们做一个对社会有用的人，其实上课的目的就是来教育我们的，而我却在别的心思上，其十分地辜负了教我知识的老师们，我现在已经彻底认识到我的行为的错误，自从接受了老师对我的批评教育，我已经深刻认识到这件事情的严重性，老师教育我说明老师是非常的关心我，爱护我，所以我今后要听老师的话，充分领会理解老师对我们的要求，并保证不会在有类似的事情发生。

望老师给我改过自新的机会.老师是希望我们成为社会的栋梁，所以我在今后学校的学习生活中更加的努力，不仅把老师教我们的知识学好，更要学好如何做人 ，做一个对社会有用的人，一个正直的人，使老师心慰的好学生，老师如同父母对我们的爱都是无私的，所以我 也要把老师对我们的无私精神去发扬，通过这件事情我深刻的感受到老师对我们那种恨铁不成钢的心情，使我心理感到非常的愧疚，我太感谢老师对我的这次深刻的教育，它使我在今后的人生道路上找到了方向，对我的一生有无法用语言表达的作用.我所犯的错误的性质是严重的。我在上课学习的时候玩实际上就是做假骗人，其结果却损害了我，在班上造成极坏的影响。此举本身就是违背了学生的职业道德和专心学习的精神、违背了老师的原则。这样一种极其错误的行为就是典型的锦标主义。尤其是发生在我这样的二十一世纪的一代青年身上。

弘扬中国地质大学的拼搏精神，走顽强拼搏进取之路既是我的责任，也是我坚定不移的前进方向。然而，我的行为却背道而驰。一个优秀上进的学生当然要努力争取好的成绩,但不能不顾一切、不择手段地去想着玩，这是一个关系到如何成人，如何成才的一个重大原则问题。一个人的成长和进步，不仅仅是学业上的提高，更重要的是思想、作风方面上的培养和锤炼。我忽视了这样一个重要的问题，为此而犯了方向性的错误。我所犯错误的影响是很坏的。上课学习不专心听讲，在学校上就直接造成不尊重同学、不尊重老师、不尊重父母的恶劣影响。

过去，我们学校在省里中不仅是成绩好、思想好，在精神风貌、队纪礼仪、学术建设等方面也享有较好的声誉，而由于我的错误，大大损害了学校的形象;本来，老师是对我很器重的，然而，我的错误深深地伤害了他们的心;我是一个老生，我所犯的错误，无疑产生了很大的负面影响，带了一个坏头;新的同学，她们年轻、有朝气、有潜力，在她们成长的过程中，由于我所犯错误，给她们带来了不应有的负面影响和不应承受的思想压力。总之，们为自己所犯的错误而带来的这一切而深感痛心和后悔。

我所犯的错误教训是深刻的。上级老师，同学都委以重任并寄予厚望，我自己也一直感到责任重大不敢苟且，认真学习，全力投入。但事实证明，仅仅是热情投入、刻苦努力、钻研学业是不够的，还要有清醒的政治头脑、大局意识和纪律观念，否则就会在学习上迷失方向，使国家和学校受损失。我知道，造成如此大的损失，我必须要承担尽管是承担不起的责任，尤其是作在重点高校接受教育的人，在此错误中应负不可推卸的主要责任。我真诚地接受批评，并愿意接受处理。对于这一切我还将进一步深入总结，深刻反省，恳请老师相信我能够记取教训、改正错误，把今后的事情加倍努力干好。同时也真诚地希望老师能继续关心和支持我，并却对我的问题酌情处理。

检讨人：xxx

【篇二】

尊敬的XX老师：

这次犯错，自己想了很多东西，反省了很多的事情，自己也很懊悔，很气自己，去触犯学校的铁律，也深刻认识到自己所犯错误的严重性，对自己所犯的错误感到了羞愧。是对老师的不尊重。应该把老师说的话紧记在心。

事后，我冷静的想了很久，我这次犯的错误不仅给自己带来了麻烦，耽误自己的学习。在同学们中间也造成了不良的影响。由于我一个人的犯错误，有可能造成别的同学的效仿，影响班级纪律性，，而且给对自己抱有很大期望的老师，家长也是一种伤害，也是对别的同学的父母的一种不负责任。

每一个学校都希望自己的学生做到品学兼优，全面发展，树立良好形象，也使我们的学校有一个良好形象。每一个同学也都希望学校给自己一个良好的学习环境来学习，生活。包括我自己也希望可以有一个良好的学习环境，但是一个良好的学习环境靠的是大家来共同维护来建立起来的，而我自己这次却犯了错误，是很不应该的，若每一个同学都这样犯错，那么是不会有良好的学习环境形成。

自己想了很多，也意识到自己犯了很严重错误，我知道，我应该为自己的犯的错误付出代价，我也愿意要承担尽管是承担不起的责任，在此错误中应负不可推卸的主要责任。

对不起，老师!我知道，我要知羞而警醒，知羞而奋进，亡羊补牢、化羞耻为动力，努力学习。

我也要通过这次事件，提高我的思想认识，强化责任措施。自己还是很想好好学习的，学习对我来是最重要的，对今后的生存，就业都是很重要的。我现在才很小，我还有去拼搏的能力。我还想在拼一次，在去努力一次，希望老师给予我一个做好学生的一个机会，我会好好改过的，认认真真的去学习，那样的生活充实，这样在家也很耽误课程，学校的课程本来就很紧，学起来就很费劲，在今后的学习生活中，我一定会好好学习，各课都努力往上赶。

将它当成我人生的转折点，老师是希望我们成为社会的栋梁，所以我在今后学校的学习生活中更加的努力，不仅把老师教我们的知识学好，更要学好如何做人，犯了这样的错误，对于家长对于我的期望也是一种巨大的打击，家长辛辛苦苦挣钱，让我们可以生活的比别人优越一些，好一些，让我们可以全身心的投入到学习中去。但是，我犯的错误却违背了家长的心愿，也是对家长心血的一种否定。

我对此很惭愧。相信老师看到我这个态度也可以知道我对这次事件有很深刻的悔过态度，相信我的悔过之心，我的行为不是向老师的纪律进行挑战，是自己的一时失足，希望老师可以原谅我的错误，我也会向你保证此事不会再有第二次发生。对于这一切我还将进一步深入总结，深刻反省，恳请老师相信我能够记取教训、改正错误，把今后的事情加倍努力干好。同时也真诚地希望老师能继续关心和支持我。

检讨人：xxx

【篇三】

尊敬的____________：

这是一次十分深刻的检查，我对于我这次犯的错误感到很惭愧，我真的不应该不重视老师说的话，我不应该违背老师的话，我们作为学生就应该完全的听从老师的话，而我这次没有很好的重视到老师讲的话。我感到很抱歉，我希望老师可以原谅我的错误，我这次的悔过真的很深刻。

不过，人总是会犯错误的，当然我知道也不能以此作为借口，我们还是要尽量的避免这样的错误发生，希望老师可以相信我的悔过之心。“人有失手，马有失蹄”。我的不良行为不是向老师的纪律进行挑战。绝对是失误，老师说的话很正确，就是想要犯错误也不应该再您的面前犯错误，我感到真的是很惭愧，怎么可以这么的......

相信老师看到我的这个态度也可以知道我对这次的事件有很深刻的悔过态度，我这样如此的重视这次的事件，希望老师可以原谅我的错误，我可以向老师保证今后一定不会在出现这样的事情。

这几天我真的是很深刻的认识到了我的错误，知道了老师说的话不能够装做没有听见，老师说的话就要听从，老师说的话也绝对会实现她的诺言，老师所要管的一定是为了我们学生好，所以我们不用挑战老师的纪律，我们还是学生，没有能力对老师说出来的话产生不听从的想法，我们学生唯一可以做的事情就是好好的听从老师的话，好好的学习好，让老师可以放心，让老师可以信任。

这次的事件我真的感到抱歉，希望老师可以原谅我，可以认可我认错的态度，我真的已经深刻的反省到我的错误了，希望老师再给我知错就改的机会。也希望同学也要引以为戒，不要犯和我一样愚蠢的错误了，这次的教训真的很大很大。

检讨人：xxx

【篇四】

尊敬的老师：

以下是我对此次犯错行为的原因分析：

我此次的违反纪律的错误行为，首先是我思想纪律性太浅薄，在做出错误之前没有清楚地认识到自己所作所为的不良后果。以为是一种无关紧要的行为，却不知道我的这种破坏公物的行为，给学校管理带来了巨大影响和损失。

其次，我的安全观念不强，对自己纪律要求不严格，擅自割水管，脱离了老师的督管范围，一旦出事，将造成非常严重的影响。

其三，我目前思想还不够成熟，对自己的各方面约束能力都还欠缺，态度轻浮。

虽然客观上我年纪不小，但归根结底，此次错误是我主观方面的纪律性不足，促成了我这次错误。

这次犯错误，自己想了很多东西，反省了很多的事情，自己也很懊悔，很气自己，去触犯学校的铁律，破坏公物，也深刻认识到自己所犯错误的严重性，对自己所犯的错误感到了羞愧。

学校一开学就三令五申，一再强调校规校纪，提醒学生不要违反校规，可我却没有把学校和老师的话放在心上，没有重视老师说的话，没有重视学校颁布的重要事项，当成了耳旁风，这些都是不应该的。也是对学校领导的不尊重。应该把老师说的话紧记在心，把学校颁布的校规校纪紧记在心。

事后，我冷静的想了很久，我这次犯的错误不仅给自己带来了麻烦，耽误自己还祸及整个宿舍的同学。而且我这种行为给学校也造成了及其坏的影响,破坏了学校的管理制度.在同学们中间也造成了不良的影响。由于我一个人的犯错误，有可能造成别的同学的效仿，影响班级纪律性，年级纪律性，系的纪律性，对学校的纪律也是一种破坏，而且给对自己抱有很大期望的老师，家长也是一种伤害，也是对别的同学的一种不负责任行为。

每一个学校都希望自己的学生做到品学兼优，全面发展，树立良好形象，也使我们的学校有一个良好形象。每一个同学也都希望学校给自己一个良好的学习环境来学习，生活。包括我自己也希望可以有一个良好的学习生活环境，但是一个良好的环境靠的是大家来共同维护来建立起来的，而我自己这次却犯了错误，去破坏了学校的良好环境，是很不应该的，若每一个同学都这样犯错，那么是不会有良好的学习环境形成，对违反校规的学生给予惩罚也是应该的。

我也意识到自己犯了很严重错误，我知道，造成如此大的损失，我应该为自己的犯的错误付出代价，我也愿意要承担尽管是承担不起的责任,在此错误中应负的不可推卸的主要责任。

我真诚地接受批评，并愿意接受老师的监督。

对不起!我犯的是一个严重的原则性的问题。我知道，老师对于我的犯校规也非常的生气。我也知道，对于学生，不触犯校规，不违反纪律，做好自己的事是一项最基本的责任，也是最基本的义务。但是我却连最基本的都没有做到。如今，犯了大错，我深深懊悔不已。我会以这次违纪事件作为一面镜子时时检点自己，批评和教育自己，自觉接受监督。我要知羞而警醒，知羞而奋进，亡羊补牢、化羞耻为动力，努力学习，遵守学校纪律。

我也要通过这次事件，提高我的思想认识，强化责任措施。自己还是很想好好学习的，学习对我来是最重要的，对今后的生存，就业都是很重要的。

我对此很惭愧。相信老师看到我这个态度也可以知道我对这次事件有很深刻的悔过态度，相信我的悔过之心，我的行为不是向老师的纪律进行挑战，是自己的一时失足，希望老师可以原谅我的错误，我也会向你保证此事不会再有第二次发生。对于这一切我还将进一步深入总结，深刻反省，恳请老师相信我能够记取教训、改正错误，把今后的事情加倍努力干好。同时也真诚地希望老师能继续关心和支持我。

回顾我如此的错误行为，面对造成如今不良的影响，我觉得自己是何等的不该，痛定思痛。以下是针对我此次错误行为做出的改正措施：

第一，今后我必须进一步深刻学校的各种规范纪律，认清明确自己的思想及行为上的不足，做出深刻严肃的反省与检讨。在今后的学习生活当中，严肃加强自己的规范纪律观点，在学校今后组织的一切公共活动中，一定遵守相关纪律规范，绝不违反。

第二，今后我必须对自己的言行举止做严格要求，认真对待在校期间的学习生活。自己的言行举止一定要守规矩，以一颗遵纪守法的心来对待生活学习。

第三，针对我太年轻不成熟，我要从此次错误中深刻地吸取教训，通过深刻的反省，在纪律方面，一定严格要求自己的，从今往后再不擅自活动。

第四，今后定期进行关于构建和谐社会主义社会，精神文明建设等重要精神的体会和学习。

以上是我关于这次错误行为的检讨书，知错就改，善莫大焉，并敬请老师对我不断的批评与指导，谢谢。

检讨人：xxx

【篇五】

尊敬的班主任老师：

作为一个正处于高三复习阶段的学生，我为自己上课看小说的恶劣行为感到非常的后悔和抱歉。我的这种行为也太让人难以接受了。同学都说，为什么我那么大胆，事实上，我这又何止是大胆，简直就是放肆。

同学们都在认真复习功课，迎战高考。而我居然抵制不住小说的诱-惑，在作业未完成的情况下拿去手机在看小说。虽然是我第一次犯下这样的过错，但我无疑是幸运的。因为我被您发现了，而且被您收缴了手机，才能让我及时的醒悟。

说真的，昨晚被您叫到办公司训话之前，我的心里是纠结的，很痛苦。我害怕被您责骂，但我又不得不鼓起勇气去您办公室。昨晚是我的一个不眠之夜，我脑子里充斥着各种各样的想法，第一次有了如此沉重的内疚感，收到自己良心的谴责。昨天晚上，我听到很多同学都议论我，议论我的会不会被您责罚。

其实进入高中之后，我就觉得我和其他同学不太一样，大多数学生都是自己考试进来的，而我是被爸爸妈妈花了4万元买进来的。爸妈让我读这样一所浙江省内的重点高中，就是为了让我在一个好的环境里学习。可我却如此的不珍惜，高一高二就常常会跟同学在下课时候打闹，上课有时候也不太专心。现在到了高三复习阶段了，却依然没有改掉贪玩的毛玻

我这次犯错被您抓了，我不奢望您原谅我，但我知道我的行为真的严重干扰了其他同学学习，所以我真诚地对他们说对不起。为我自己的行为，我不想做什么解释，因为我真的做错了。我现在能挽回的就是努力学习，以优异的成绩来报答父母，来回报老师的谆谆教导。

检讨人：xxx

大家好:

今天坐在这边发言是为了检讨，希望各位同行不要象我一样坐在这个位子上。

我公司xxxx项目于XX年4月27日14时发生了一起高空坠落事故，死者王xx系刚进场3天(4月25日进场)的一个浇水养护的杂工。

事故经过:

XX年4月27日上午泥水班组长李xx安排王xx在16-26层浇水，上午上班时李xx带王xx在24层浇水，并交待打点的地方不能浇水，然后李xx就安排其它工人的工作。中午吃饭时，泥水班组长李xx问王xx的弟弟:“王xx怎么今天没有下来吃饭。”王xx的弟弟说:“昨天王xx给我们讲过，明天中午不跟我们一起上班，可能是在草坪上去晒裤子。”李xx下午上班后，李xx班安排曾礼周(泥水班组工人)和王xx的弟弟在16层敲打空鼓，大约在2点左右时，曾礼周听见上面有人哭喊，曾礼周就赶紧跑到18层看见王xx的弟媳妇在哭，曾礼周就问怎么回事，王xx的弟媳妇说:“电梯井有个人好象是我二哥。”曾礼周和王xx的弟媳妇、王xx弟弟就往下找，王xx的弟媳妇在12层看到王xx挂在钢管上。王xx的弟弟赶快跑下楼找到李xx，说:“我哥死了。”李xx赶紧就跑到12层，看见王xx挂在架子上，李xx叫曾礼周将其扶下架送往中心医院，后经医院抢救无效死亡。

事故原因分析:

1、事故发生后，我司专门成立事故调查小组，经现场勘察推断，王xx在23层翻越防护栏往电梯井藏水管时不慎坠落，是本次事故发生的直接原因。

2、项目在过程管理中，虽将工作面有交给电梯公司搭设电梯井内的安全防护架及隔层防护，但未对电梯公司搭设情况进行有效监督，是本次事故发生的另一重要原因

3、本次事故项目虽然对死者进行了安全教育和安全技术交底，但针对性方面有所欠缺，也是本次事故发生的另一原因。

事故预防措施:

1、事故发生后，公司按《紧急事务处置预案》成立了事故调查及处理小组，首先针对本次事故组织全公司的项目经理、安全员及施工员召开安全专题会议，并针对各项目的具体情况，提出有针对性的预防及整改措施，预防类似事故的发生。

2、经公司研究决定对事故项目项目部停工整顿6天，并针对改建工程的实际情况，决定撤换项目经理，改组项目部成员，加强项目安全管理力量。

3、公司组织全公司安全员(共6人)对事故项目施工现场的“三宝、四口、五临边”进行全面的检查，按照“三定一落实”的措施进行了整改，经验收符合安全要求，基本上保证正常的安全生产。

尊敬的校领导、英语老师：

首先我要怀着无比愧疚和悔恨的心情，向您递交这份检讨书。并郑重地向你说一句：对不起，我错了!我此次的行为，可以认为是我从出生以来所犯的最严重的错误，其中的原因有很多，归根结底是我的性子太暴躁，脾气太倔，也缺乏对自己身心的调节，以至于不能很好地克制自己激动的心情。

老师!我尊敬的英语老师，我的错误何以能够以“糊涂”来形容，简直是一种教育的倒退。无论出于什么原因，学生出手伤老师都是不能够被大众所接受的，我一来违反校规、违反纪律，二来也辜负了学校老师和家长父母的重托。

我此次错误的犯错经过如下：因为事先没有完成英语老师布置下来的作业，在第二天补交作业的时候被老师发现，于是被老师叫到办公室询问情况，老师对我的过失进行了教育。但我当时因为一时心急，加上这几天身体不适，使得最近的心情很急躁，与老师沟通几句之后，言语开始有些过激，老师见我不知悔改。就叫了我父母到办公室，然后办公室老师也在劝说我。然后事情发展得不太乐观，因为一时情急我便用随身带着的雨伞顶部戳了一下老师的颈部，刮掉了老师脖子上的一小块皮。

我知道我的行为是严重的过错，要是我在社会上的话，现在早已经可以用《治安管理条例》将我拘禁起来了。但学校还是念在我是一根不太懂事的学生情况下，对我仁慈教导。对于此次我的严重过错，我要承担后果，并作出深刻检讨。

今后我要严格遵守学校铁的纪律，严格遵守学校各种规章制度。我要将这次在伤人的错误，牢牢印刻在心。谨记错误，努力进取，一心一意地学好各项科学文化知识。

关于这次在学校打架，首先一点就是我个人自律能力欠缺。从今往后，我要时刻的提醒自己加强自我情绪控制能力。

今后的悔改措施：

第一，我为自己的脾气，性格做深刻的思考和检讨。我脾气真的不好，我不冷静，应该通过这次事件我清楚地了解了自己的错误，今后一定积极改正。

第二，我也应该郑重地向老师赔礼道歉，今后认真学习，争取同良好的成绩，一点一滴地争取老师的原谅。

此致：

敬礼!

检讨人：xxx

尊敬的老师：

打架斗殴是影响极坏的恶性事件，校规中有明确规定学生在校期间，不得与其他人打架斗殴。由于我的一时冲动，造成了这样不良的后果，我感到深深的自责。事后，我进行了深刻的反省：

首先，就个人看来，与人和睦相处是每个学生都应遵道德规范，尽量不与他人发生争执，一直是学生自入学起就经常被家长告诫的处事准则，但是我恰恰违反了这一点。这样一来，不但有损自己学生的形象，更使得和他人的相处出现障碍，相互伤害了对方身心的同时，对于以后我的学习、工作和生活造成不良影响。

其次，对学校来说，校纪校规中规定的“不准打架斗殴”的规章制度并不是对学生的束缚，而是对学生的保护。而我的这种行为，在触犯了校纪校规的同时，脱离了学校的保护，更是给学校的光辉形象抹了黑。一个学生不管在哪里，都不仅仅是自己，也同时代表了学校的形象，而我不仅损害的自己学生的形象，更学校的整体形象，我感到万分歉疚。

最后，在社会而言，打架斗殴是一种违法乱纪的行为，情节严重的更会被追究刑事责任，处以严厉的刑罚。我这次的违纪，虽然情节没有严重到触动法律，但是对我而言也是一次警告，让我意识到错无大小，防微杜渐的道理，更令我下定决心痛改前非，告诫自己再也不犯类似错误。

在此，我想再一次表达我深深的悔恨和歉意。后悔自己当时一时冲动酿成大错，同时也抱歉自己造成的不良影响。我向老师保证，我将痛定思痛，努力改正自己冲动好斗的不良习性，同时也会在以后的学习生活中更加严格的要求自己，与人和睦相处，不争一时意气，同时做好学生的本分，更加努力的学习。请??领导称谓给我一次机会，我将用实际行动应正我的承诺。

检讨人：xxx

20xx年xx月xx日

一、技术方案

本项目选择美国洛格—布郎公司KBR工艺生产合成氨。该工艺结合了洛格公司和布郎公司工艺的优点，节约了设备和管道，降低了能耗，属国际领先技术。

二、工艺特点

本项目以天然气为原料，为提高资源利用率，将天然气中大量甲烷转化为生产合成氨的有效原料气体。天然气转化需采用两段转化，国内外大型合成氨装置都采用中、低压合成工艺，合成回路操作压力通常在8—22MPa之间。本方案选用常见的15MPa低压氨合成工艺。

本项目合成氨装置向国外公司购买工艺许可证，其它基础设计、设备设计及详细设计均由国内完成。除引进少量关键设备和材料外，大部分设备可国内采购。

其主要工艺路线为：天然气和一定量的蒸汽在一段炉发生转化反应，大部分甲烷与蒸汽反应生气H2、CO和CO2等，随后一段转化气到二段炉，二段炉加入空气，空气中的氧与原料反应提供热量，并产生合成氨生产所需要的N2 ，一段转化气中的甲烷在二段炉内进一步转化成氢及碳氧化物，二段炉出来的原料气经一系列净化处理后，合格的氢氮气经去氨合成工段生产合成氨产品。

尊敬的各位领导：

3月2日，因为个人原因，我擅自离开了工作岗位，导致办公室空岗，被领导查岗时发现，虽然领导对我进行了批评，让我以后改正。可是我自己却感到了深深地愧疚。作为一位公安部门的执法者，一名民警，我自己就没有做到以身作则，思想上存在侥幸心理，觉得离开一小会儿，没什么大事，经过领导的批评教育，我意识到了问题的严重性。对此我深深的后悔，我不但没有做到为人民服务，耽误了工作，而且也对不起这身庄严的警服。因此，我怀着万分愧疚的心情写了民警自我检讨书。

我现在感到深深的自责，我也不想再为自己的错误找是任何的理由，于是我深刻反思后写下了民警自我检讨书。以表示我对离岗这种恶劣行为的深痛恶绝及打死也不再离岗的决心。早在我进入民警队伍的时候，领导就反复强调纪律，不得迟到，不得擅自离岗。领导反复教导言犹在耳，严肃认真的表情犹在眼前，我却犯下了这样的错误，我非常后悔，也已经深刻认识到此事的重要性，于是我一再告诉自己要把此事当成头等大事来抓，不能辜负领导对我的一片苦心。 自己没有好好的去考虑民警的责任，造成了现在的错误。对于我离岗的事情，所造成的严重后果如下：1、 在同事中间造成了不良的影响。由于我一个人的离岗，有可能造成别人的 效仿，影响单位的纪律性。2、影响个人综合水平的提高，使自身在本能提高的条件下未能得到提高。

如今，大错既成，我深深懊悔不已。深刻检讨，认为深藏在本人思想中的致命错误有以下几点： 思想觉悟不高，没有意识到自身所存在的问题。自己的错误是对别人的不尊重，对待工作不认真.没有想到能有一份好工作是多么难能可贵。 所以写下了这份民警自我检讨书：以后认真工作，不再懒散，积极对待领导安排的任务，绝对不再出现这样的机会，请领导给我一次机会!

此致

敬礼

校长工作失职检讨书

尊敬的教育局领导：

非常理解并感谢上级领导开学第一次大会就是安全工作会议。

安全重于泰山!麻痹大意瞬间催生灾祸!民办学校的安全意识和实际做法，直接决定着学校本身的存亡。三年来我和简总管在指导、协同大家建设发展学校时，虽有豪情万丈，但更多的是战战兢兢，安全管理从不敢有丝毫懈怠，尤其是参加上级组织的安全专题会议。

但以往的区级、局组及镇政府的大小会议，总会夹杂潮汕话沟通及安排工作。本篇文章来自资料管理下载。为了不漏过、错过开学安全工作会议的重大内容细节，校委会是讨论决定委派政教处主任郑宝荣同志(惠来籍)前往开会的(校长我留在校园代他值日半天——蹲点看管A栋宿舍楼、运动场东面)。当晚6时行政会上，郑主任就安全工作会议精神及具体要求做了重要传达。随后，我们针对其中的整改自查内容及《学期安全工作十条常规》做了深刻细致的讨论，并拟定“分岗到人，责任入心”的安全执行规定。

对于本次重要会议不按指派要求亲自参会，以上说明不求赢得领导的谅解，惟愿学期安全工作“〇”事故，真正让领导宽心，让家长放心，让孩子开心!

请领导继续批评教育、监督指正!

检讨人：

201x年x月x日

尊敬的领导您好：

XXXX年XX月XX日上午，由于工作责任心的不足，在我身上出现了“调换班期导致的旷班”错误，尽管我不是故意的行为，但已造成了严重不良后果。认真反思之后，我觉得现在强调任何理由，都只是托词，我不想再为自己的错误找任何借口， 那只能让我更加惭愧。我现在怀着十二万分的愧疚给您写下这份检讨书，以向您表示我对旷工这种错误行为的懊悔和再不出现同类行为的决心。

一、我的反思

1、 放松思想觉悟、没有严格要求和约束自己是这次错误发生的主要原因。对厂规厂纪的重视严重不足。就算是有认识，也没能在行动上真正予以执行。

2、敬业工作的思想观念不够深刻.不够正确.没有认识到现在的一份合适工作的机会是多么的难得和重要。

3、平时生活作风懒散，有可能造成别人的效仿，在同事中间造成了不良的影响，影响单位的整体纪律性。

二、整改措施：

1、 以本次错误为教训，树立牢固的组织纪律观念，不迟到、不早退、不旷班、不自行调班，严格遵守工作纪律和请、销假制度。

2、 认真克服生活懒散、粗心大意的缺点，努力将工作做好，以优秀的表现来弥补我的过错。

3、 经常和管理者加强沟通。加强学习，提高自身思想素质，保证不再出现上述错误 。

上述检讨，不能表述我对我自己的谴责，更多的悔恨和责骂，深埋在我的心理。我错了，我请求领导能给我改正错误的机会。我也会吸取教训、引以为戒，以更加积极和严谨的态度投入工作。

请领导监督、帮助我改正缺点，取得更大的进步和成功 。

检讨人：XXX

2014年XX月XX日

酒店领导：

我怀着自责、反省和感激的心情写这份检讨书，在单位3年的日子里，这里留给我了很多成长的脚印，留给我了很多感动的画面，留给我了很多悔恨的泪水，更留给我了很多从做人到做事的经验和教训。看着自己到现在仍然保存被正熙酒店录用的短信，回想每一次谢总对我的教导、和同事一起并肩作战的情景，心中太多怀念和回忆以及对自己犯下错误的悔恨。

作为一名管理者，部门的管理好坏，部门员工的思想好坏和自己平时的努力、付出是分不开的。在从刚刚到正熙酒店的全心投入、认真工作到现在整个部门发生的事情，以及对酒店、对其他同事造成的影响，我是付有不可推卸的责任的。经过认真、仔细的反省，我认为在以下几点是我犯下的错误：

1、在自己对工作的用心以及投入上面。任何一件事情，如果不全身心投入，就没有办法去做好，做人如此，做事也如此。对于自己的工作，对于酒店对我的信任、对于一个团队对我的信任，我没有把所有的心思都放在工作上，在思想上的松懈，导致了部门管理的松懈，导致了部门业务的监督不力。

2、在作为一名管理者与员工之间扮演角色上面。作为一名管理者，应该分清自己在工作岗位上扮演的角色，认真履行自己的权利和职责，对于我来讲，一直以来对于员工，把生活和工作没有分开，过于的在乎感情，以错误的方式给予员工错误的人际关系概念。

3、在部门监管力度方面。作为一个部门经理，特别是作为酒店重要经营部门来讲，前台是有着大量现金和账务业务的部门，怎样从制度上约束员工，从业务上指导员工，通过不断的检查和复查，找出流程上存在的问题和预见可能发生的问题，是作为一个管理者必须要做和思考的事情。但是，在这点上面，我没有做到认真监督、努力去寻找及发现错误和漏洞，造成酒店的损失。

下面的材料旨在丰富学生在是非问题写作方面的思想和语言，考生在复习时可以先分类阅读这些篇章，然后尝试写相关方面的作文题。

对于素材中用黑体字的部分，特别建议你熟读，背诵，因为它们在语言和观点上都值得吸收。学习语言的人应该明白，表达能力和思想深度都靠日积月累，潜移默化。从某种意义上说，提高英语写作能力无捷径可走，你必须大段背诵英语文章才能逐渐形成语感和用英语进行表达的能力。这一关，没有任何人能代替你过。

因此，建议你下点苦功夫，把背单词的精神拿出来背诵文章。何况，并不是要求你背了之后永远牢记在心：你可以这个星期背，下个星期忘。这没有关系，相信你的大脑具有神奇的能力。背了工具箱里的文章后，你会惊讶的发现：I can think in English now！

1.?????? Proverbs

1. A graduation ceremony is an event where the commencement speaker tells thousands of students dressed in identical caps and gowns that individuality is the key to success.

2. The primary purpose of a liberal education is to make one’s mind a pleasant place in which to spend one’s time.

3. Next in importance to freedom and justice is popular education, without which neither freedom nor justice can be permanently maintained.

4. The classroom--not the trench--is the frontier of freedom now and forevermore.

5. Education’s purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one.

6. It is the purpose of education to help us become autonomous, creative, inquiring people who have the will and intelligence to create our own destiny.

7. You see, real ongoing, lifelong education doesn’t answer questions; it provokes them.

8. People will pay more to be entertained than educated.

9.the most important function of education at any level is to develop the personality of the individual and the significance of his life to himself and to others. This is the basic architecture of a life; the rest is ornamentation and decoration of the structure.

10. The essence of our efforts to see that every child has a chance must be to assure each as equal opportunity, not to become equal, but to become different-to realize whatever unique potential of body, mind, and spirit he or she possesses.

11. A great teacher never strives to explain his vision-he simply invites you to stand beside him and see for yourself.

12. If you can read and don’, you are an illiterate by choice.

2. Damaging Research

A study by National Parent-Teacher Organization revealed that in the average American school, eighteen negatives are identified for every positive that is pointed out. The Wisconsin study revealed that when children enter the first grade, 80 percent of them feel pretty good themselves, but by the time they get to the sixth grade, only 10 percent of them have good self-images.

3. Education and Citizenship

An important aspect of education in the United States is the relationship between education and citizenship. Throughout its history this nation has emphasized public education as a means of transmitting democratic values, creating equality of opportunity, and preparing new generations of citizens to function in society. In addition, the schools have been expected to help shape society itself. During the 1950s, for example, efforts to combat racial segregation focused on the schools. Later, when the Soviet Union launched the first orbiting satellite, American schools and colleges came under intense pressure and were offered many incentives to improve their science and mathematics programs so that the nations would not fall behind the Soviet Union in scientific and technological capabilities.

Education is often viewed as a tool for solving social problems, especially social inequality. The schools, t is thought, can transform young people from vastly different backgrounds into competent, upwardly mobile adults. Yet these goals seem almost impossible to attain. In recent years, in fact, public education has been at the center of numerous controversies arising from the gap between the ideal and the reality. Part of the problem is that different groups in society have different have different expectations. Some feel that children should be taught basic job-related skills; still others believe education should not only prepare children to compete in society but also help them maintain their cultural identity (and, in the case of Hispanic children, their language). On the other hand, policymakers concerned with education emphasize the need to increase the level of student achievement and to improve parents in their children’s education.

Some reformers and critics have called attention to the need to link formal schooling with programs designed to address social problems. Sociologist Charles Moscos, for example, is a leader in the movement to expand programs like the Peace Corps, Vista, and Outward Bound into a system of voluntary national service. National service, as Moscos defines it, would entail “the full-time undertaking of public duties by young people whether as citizen soldiers or civilian servers-who are paid subsistence wages” and serve for at least one year. In return for this period of service, the volunteers would receive assistance in paying for college or other educational expenses.

Advocates of national service and school-to-work programs believe that education does not have to be confined to formal schooling. In devising strategies to provide opportunities for young people to serve their society, they emphasize the educational value of citizenship experiences gained outside the classroom. At this writing there is little indication that national service will become a new educational institution in the United States, although the concept is steadily gaining support among educators and social critics.

4. The Teacher’s Role

Given the undeniable importance of classroom experience, sociologists have done a considerable amount of research on what goes on in the classroom. Often they start from the premise that, along with the influence of peers, students’ experiences in the classroom are of central importance to their later development. One study examined the impact of a single first-grade teacher on her students’ subsequent adult status. The surprising results of this study have important implications. It is evident that good teachers can make a big difference in children’s lives, a fact that gives increased urgency to the need to improve the quality of primary-school teaching. The reforms carried out by educational leaders like James Comer suggest that when good teaching is combined with high levels of parental involvement the results can be even more dramatic.

Because the role of the teacher is to change the learner in some way, the teacher-student relationship is an important part of education. Sociologists have pointed out that this relationship is asymmetrical or unbalanced, with the teacher being in a position of authority and the student having little choice but to passively absorb the information provided by the teacher. In other words, in conventional classrooms there is little opportunity for the students to become actively involved in the learning process. On the other hand, students often develop strategies for undercutting the teacher’s authority: mentally withdrawing, interrupting, and the like. Hence, much current research assumes that students and teachers influence each other instead of assuming that the influence is always in a single direction.

5. Education Philosophy

For the past fifty years our schools have operated on the theories of John Dewey (1859-1953), an American educator and writer. Dewey believed hat the school’s job was to enhance the natural development of the growing child, rather than to pour information, for which the child had no context, into him or her. In the Dewey system, the child becomes the active agent in his own education, rather than a passive receptacle for facts.

Consequently, American schools are very enthusiastic about teaching “life skills” –logical thinking, analysis, creative problem--solving. The actual content of the lessons is secondary to the process, which is supposed to train the child to be able to handle whatever life may present, including all the unknowns of the future. Students and teachers both regard pure memorization as an uncreative and somewhat vulgar.

In addition to “life skills”, schools are assigned to solve the ever growing stoke of social problems. Racism, teenage pregnancy, alcoholism, drug use, reckless driving, and are just a few of the modern problems that have appeared on the school curriculum.

This all contributes to a high degree of social awareness in American youngsters.

6. Student Life

To the students, the most notable difference between elementary school and the higher levels is that in junior high they start “changing classes”. This means that rather than spending the day in one classroom, they switch classrooms to meet their different teachers. This gives them three or four minutes between classes in the hallways, where a great deal of the important social action of high school traditionally takes place. Students have lockers in these hallways, around which thy congregate.

Society in general does not take the business of studying very seriously. Schoolchildren have a great deal of free time, which they are encouraged to fill with extracurricular activities—sports, clubs, cheerleading, scouts—supposed to inculcate such qualities as leadership, sportsmanship, ability to organize, etc. those who don’t become engaged in such activities or have afterschool jobs have plenty of opportunity to “hang out”, listen to teenager music, and watch television.

Compared to other nations, American students do not have much homework. Studies also show that American parents have lower expectations for their children’s success in school than other nationalities do. (Historically, there has not been much correlation between American school success and success in later life.) “He’s just not a scholar”, the American parents might say, content that their son is on the swim team and doesn’t take drugs. (Some of the young do choose to study hard, for reason of their own, such as determining that the road to riches lies through Harvard Business School.)

What American schools do effectively teach is the competitive method. In innumerable ways children are pitted against each other—whether in classroom discussion, spelling bees, reading groups, or tests. Every classroom is expected to produce a scattering of A’s and F’s (teachers often grade A=excellent; B=good; C=average; D=poor; and F=failed). A teacher who gives all A’s looks too soft—so students are aware that they are competing for the limited number of top marks.

Foreign students sometimes don’t understand that copying from other people’s papers or from books is considered wrong and taken seriously. Here, it is important to show that you have done your own work and are displaying your own knowledge. It is more important than helping your friends to pass, whom we think do not deserve to pass unless they can provide their own answers. Group effort goes against the competitive grain, and American students do not study together as many Asians do. Many Asians in this country consider their group study habits a large contributor to their school success.

7. Adult Education

After complaining about many aspects of American life, a 40-year-old woman from Hong Kong concluded, “But where else could someone my age go back to school and get a degree in social work? Here you can change your whole life, start a new business, do what you really want to do.”

So at least to this person, school requirements weren’t inhibiting. And to millions of others, adult education is the path to a new career, or if not to a new career, to a new outlook. Schools generally encourage the older person who wants to start anew, and besides regular classes, schedule evening classes in special programs. Today there are so many people of retirement age in college that it is no longer remarkable.

8. Moral Relativism in American

Improving American education requires not doing new things but doing (and remembering) some good old things. At the time of our nation’s founding, Thomas Jefferson listed the requirements for a sound education in the Report of the Commissioners for the University of Virginia. In this landmark statement on American education, Jefferson wrote of the importance of education and writing, and of reading history, and geography. But he also emphasized the need “to instruct the mass of our citizens in these, their rights, interests, and duties, as men and citizens.” Jefferson believed education should aim at the improvement of both one’s “morals” and “faculties”. That has been the dominant view of the aims of American education for over two centuries. But a number of changes, most of them unsound, have diverted schools from these great pursuits. And the story of the loss of the school’s original moral mission explains a great deal.

Starting in the early seventies, “values clarification” programs started turning up in schools all over America. According to this philosophy, the schools were not to take part in their time-honored task of transmitting sound moral values; rather, they were to allow the child to “clarify” his own values (which adults, including parents, had no “rights” to criticize). The “values clarification” movement didn’t clarify values; it clarified wants and desires. This form of moral relativism said, in effect, that no set of values was right or wrong; everybody had an equal right to his own values; and all values were subjective, relative, and personal. This destructive view took hold with a vengeance.

In 1985 The York Times published an article quoting New York area educators, in slavish devotion to this new view, proclaiming, “They deliberately avoid trying to tell students what is ethically right and wrong.” The article told of one counseling session involving fifteen high school juniors and seniors. In the course of that session a student concluded that a fellow student had been foolish to return one thousand dollars she found in a purse at school. According to the article, when the youngsters asked the counselor’s opinion, “He told them he believed the girl had done the right thing, but that, of course, he would not try to force his values on them. ‘If I come from the position of what is wrong,’ he explained, ‘then I’m not their counselor.’”

Once upon a time, a counselor offered counselor, and he knew that an adult does not form character in the young by taking a stance of neutrality toward questions of right and wrong or by merely offering “choices” or “options”.

In response to the belief that adults and educators should teach children sound morals, one can expect from some quarters indignant objections (I’ve heard one version of it expressed countless times over the years): “Who are you to say what’s important?” or “Whose standards and judgments do we use?”

The correct response, it seems to me, is, is we ready to do away with standards and judgments? Is anyone going to argue seriously that a life of cheating and swindling is as worthy as a life of honest, hard work? Is anyone (with the exception of some literature professors at our elite universities) going to argue seriously the intellectual corollary, that a Marvel comic book is as good as Macbeth? Unless we are willing to embrace some pretty silly position, we’ve got to admit the need for moral and intellectual standards. The problem is that some people tend to regard anyone who would pronounce a definitive judgment as an unsophisticated Philistine or a closed-minded “elitist” trying to impose his view on everybody else.

The truth of the real world is that without standards and judgments, there can be no progress. Unless we are prepared to say irrational things—that nothing can be proven more valuable than anything else or that everything is equally worthless—we must ask the normative question. It may come, as a surprise to those who fell that to be “progressive” is to be value-neutral. But as Matthew Amold said, “the world is forwarded by having its attention fixed on the best things” and if the world can’t decide what the best things are, at least to some degree, then it follows that progress, and character, is in trouble. We shouldn’t be reluctant to declare that some things, some lives, books, ideas, and values are better than others. It is the responsibility of the schools to teach these better things.

At one time, we weren’t so reluctant to teach them. In the mid-nineteenth century, a diverse, widespread group of crusaders began to work for the public support of what was then called the “common school”, the forerunner of the public school. They were to be charged with the mission of school felt that the nation could fulfill its destiny only if every new generation was taught these values together in a common institution.

The leaders of the common school movement were mainly citizens who were prominent in their communities—businessmen, ministers, local civic and government officials. These people saw the schools as upholders of standards of individual morality and small incubators of civic and personal virtue; the founders of the public schools had faith that public education could teach good moral and civic character from a common ground of American values.

But in the past quarter century or so, some of the so-called experts became experts of value neutrality, and moral education was increasingly left in their hands. The commonsense view of parents and the publicthat schools should reinforce rather than undermine the values of home, family, and country, was increasingly rejected.

There are those today still that claim we are now too diverse a nation, that we consist of too many competing convictions and interests to instill common values. They are wrong. Of course we are a diverse people. We have always been a diverse people. And as Madison wrote in FederalistNo.10, the competing, balancing interests of a diverse people can help ensure the survival of liberty. But there are values that all American citizens share and that we should want all American students to know and to make their own: honesty, fairness, self-discipline, fidelity to task, friends, and family, personal responsibility, love of country, and belief in the principles of liberty, equality, and the freedom to practice one’s faith. The explicit teaching of these values is the legacy of the common schools, and it is a legacy to which we must return.

9. Schools Should Teach Values

People often said, “Yes, we should teach these values, but how do we teach them?” this question deserves a candid response, one that isn’t given often enough. It is by exposing our children to good character and inviting its imitation that we will transmit to them a moral foundation. This happens when teachers and principals, by their words and actions, embody sound convictions. As Oxford’s Mary Warnock has written, “You cannot teach morality without being committed to morality yourself; and you cannot be committed to morality yourself without holding that some things are right and others wrong.” The theologian Martin Buber wrote that the educator is distinguished from all other influences “by his will to take part in the stamping of character and by his consciousness that he represents in the eyes of the growing person a certain selection of what is, the selection of what is ‘right’, of what should be.” It is in this will, Buber says, in this clear standing for something, that the “vocation as an educator finds its fundamental expression.”

There is no escaping the fact that young people need as example principals and teachers who know the difference between right and wrong, good and bad, and who themselves exemplify high moral purpose.

As Education Secretary, I visited a class at Waterbury Elementary School in Waterbury, Vermont, and asked the students, “Is this a good school?” They answered, “Yes, this is a good school.” I asked them, “Why?” Among other things, one eight-year-old said, “The principal Mr. Riegel, makes good rules and everybody obeys them.” So I said, “Give me an example.” And another answered, “You can’t climb on the pipes in the bathroom. We don’t climb on the pipes and the principal doesn’t either.”

This example is probably too simple to please a lot of people who want to make the topic of moral education difficult, but there is something profound in the answer of those children, something education should pay more attention to. You can’t expect children to take messages about rules or morality seriously unless they see adults taking those rules seriously in their day-to-day affairs. Certain must be said, certain limits lay down, and certain examples set. There is no other way.

We should also do a better job at curriculum selection. The research shows that most “values education” exercises and separate courses in “moral reasoning” tend not to affect children’s behavior; if anything, they may leave children morally adrift. Where to turn? I believe our literature and our history are a rich quarry of moral literacy. We should mine that quarry. Children should have at their disposal a stock of examples illustrating what we believe to be right and wrong, good and bad—examples illustrating what are morally right and wrong can indeed be known and that there is a difference.

What kind of stories, historical events, and famous lives am I talking about? If we want our children to know about honesty, we should teach them about Abe Lincoln walking three miles to return six cents and conversely, about Aesop’s shepherd boy who cried wolf if we want them to know about courage, we should teach them about Joan of Arc, Horatius at the bridge, and Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad. If we want them to know about persistence in the face of adversity, they should know about the voyages of Columbus and the character of Washington during the Civil War. And our youngest should be told about the Little Engine That Could. If we want them to know about respect for the law, they should understand why Socrates told Crito: “No, I must submit to the decree of Athens.” If we want our children to respect the rights of others, they should read the Declaration of Independence, the Bill of Rights, the Gettysburg Address, and Martin Luther King, Jr.’ “Letter from Birmingham jail.” From the Bible they should know about Ruth’s loyalty to Naomi, Joseph’s forgiveness of his brothers, Jonathan’s friendship with David, the Good Samaritan’s kindness toward a stranger, and David’s cleverness and courage in facing Goliath.

These are only a few of the hundreds of examples we can call on. And we need not get into issues like nuclear war, abortion, creationism, or euthanasia. This may come as a disappointment to some people, but the fact is that the formation of character in young people is educationally a task different from, and prior to, the discussion of the great, difficult controversies of the day. First things come first. We should teach values the same way we teach other things: one step at a time. We should not use the fact that there are many difficult and controversial moral questions as an argument against basic instruction in the subject.

After all, we do not argue against teaching physics because laser physics is difficult, against teaching American history because there are heated disputes about the Founders’ intent. Every field has its complexities and its controversies. And every field has its basics, its fundamentals. So they are too with forming character and achieving moral literacy. As any parent knows, teaching character is a difficult task. But it is a crucial task, because we want our children to be healthy, happy, and successful but decent, strong, and good. None of this happens automatically; there is no genetic transmission of virtue. It takes the conscious, committed efforts of adults. It takes careful attention.

10. College Pressures

Mainly I try to remind that the road ahead is a long one and that it will have more unexpected turns than they think. There will be plenty of time to change jobs, change careers, change whole attitudes and approaches. They don not want to hear such liberating news. They want a map—right now – that they can follow unswervingly to career security, financial security, Social Security and, presumably, a prepaid grave.

What I wish for all students is some release from the clammy grip of the future. I wish them a chance to savor each segment of their education as an experience in itself and not as a grim preparation for the next step. I wish them the right to experiment, to trip and fall, to learn that defeat is as instructive as victory and is not the end of the world.

My wish, of course, is na?ve. One of the national gods venerated in our media—the million-dollar athlete, the wealthy executive—and glorified in our praise of possessions. In the presence of such a potent state religion, the young are growing up old.

I see four kinds of pressure working on college students today: economic pressure, parental pressure, peer pressure, and self-induced pressure. It is easy to look around for villains—to blame the colleges for charging too much money, the professors for assigning too much work, the parents for pushing their children too far, and the students for driving themselves too hard. But there are no villains: only victims.

“In the late 1960s.” one dean told me. “The typical question that I got from students was ‘Why is there so much suffering in the world’ or ‘how I can make a contribution?’ Today it’s ‘Do you think it would look better for getting into law school if I did a double major in history and political science, or just majored in one of them?’” many other deans confirmed this pattern. One said: “They are trying to find an edge—the intangible something that will look better on paper if two students are about equal.”

Note the emphasis on looking better. The transcript has become a sacred document, the passport to security. How one appears on paper is more important than how one appears in person. A is for Admirable and B is for Borderline, even though, in Yale’s official system of grading, A means “excellent” and B means “very good.” Today, looking very good is no longer good enough, especially for students who hope to go on to law school or medical school. They know that entrance into the better schools will be an entrance into the better law firms and better medical practices where they will make a lot of money. They also know that the odds are harsh. Yale Law School, for instance, matriculates 170students from an applicant pool of 3,700; Harvard enrolls 550 from a pool of 7,000.

It’s all very well for those of us who write letters of recommendation for our students to stress the qualities of humanity that will make them good lawyers or doctors. And it’s nice to think that admission officers are ready reading our letters and looking for the extra dimension of commitment or concern. Still, it would be hard for a student not to visualize these officers shuffling so many transcripts studded with As that they regard a B as positively shameful.

The pressure is almost as heavy on students who just want to graduate and get a job. Long gone are the days of the “gentleman’s C.” when students journeyed through college with a certain relaxation, sampling a wide variety of courses-music, art, philosophy, classics, anthropology, poetry, religion—that would send them out as liberally educated men and women. If I were an employer I would rather employ graduates who have this range and curiosity than those who narrowly pursued safe subjects and high grades. I know countless students whose inquiring minds exhilarate me. I like to hear the play of their ideas. I do not know if they are getting As or Cs, and I do not care. I also like them as people. The country needs them, and they will find satisfying jobs. I tell them to relax. They cannot.

Nor can I blame them. They live in a brutal economy. Tuition, room, and board at most private colleges now come to at least $7,000, not counting books and fees. This might seem to suggest that the colleges are getting rich. But they are equally battered by inflation. Tuition covers only 60 percent of what it costs to educate a student, and ordinarily the remainder comes from what college receives in endowments, grants, and gifts. Now, the remainder keeps being swallowed by the cruel costs—higher every year—of just opening the doors. Heating oil is up. Insurance is up. Postage is up. Health-premium costs are up. Everything is up. Deficits are up. We are witnessing in American the creation of a brotherhood of paupers—colleges, parents, and students, joined by the common bond of debt.

Today it is not unusual for a student, even if he works part time at college and full time during the summer, to accrue $5,000 in loans after four years—loans that he must start to repay within one year after graduation. Exhorted at commencement to go forth into the world, he is already behind as he goes forth. How could he not feel under pressure throughout college to prepare for this day of reckoning? I have used “he,” incidentally, only for brevity. Women at Yale are under no less pressure to justify their expensive education to themselves, their parents, and society. In fact, they are probably under more pressure. For although they leave college superbly equipped to bring fresh leadership to traditionally male jobs, society has not yet caught up with this fact.

Along with economic pressure goes parental pressure. Inevitably, the two are deeply intertwined.

I see many students taking pre-medical courses with joyless tenacity. They go off to their labs as if they were going to the dentist. It saddens me because I know tem in other corners of their life as cheerful people.

“Do you want to medical school?” I asked them.

“I guess so,” they say, without conviction, or “Not really.”

“Then why are you going?”

“Well, my parents want me to be a doctor. They are paying all this money and …”

Poor students, poor parents, they are caught in one of the oldest webs of love and duty and guilt. The parents mean will; they are trying to steer their sons and draughts toward a secure future. But the sons and daughter want to major in history or classics or philosophy—subjects with no “practical” value. Where’s the payoff on the humanities? It’s not easy to persuade such loving parents that the humanities do indeed pay off. The intellectual faculties developed by studying subjects like history and classics—an ability to synthesize and relate, to weigh cause and effect, to see events in perspective—are just the faculties that make creative leaders in business or almost any general field. Still, many fathers would rather put their money on courses that point toward specific profession—courses that are pre-law, pre-medical, pre-business, or, as I sometimes heard it put, “pre-rich.”

But the pressure on students is severe. They are truly torn. One part of them feels obliged to fulfill their parents’ expectations; after all, their parents are older and presumably wiser. Another part tells them that the expectations that are right for their parents are not right for them.

I know a student who wants to be an artist. She is very obviously an artist and will be a good one—she has already had several modest local exhibits. Meanwhile she is growing as a well-round person and taking humanistic subjects that will enrich the inner resources out of which her art will grow. But her father is strongly opposed. He thinks that an artist is a “dumb” thing to be. The student vacillates and tries to please everybody. She keeps up with her art somewhat furtively and takes some of the “dumb” courses her father wants her to take—at least they are dumb courses for her. She is a free spirit on a campus of tense students—no small achievement in it—and she deserves to follow her muse.

Peer pressure and self-induced pressure are also intertwined, and they begin almost at the beginning of freshman year.

“I had a freshman student I’ll call Linda,” one dean told me, “who came in and said she was under terrible pressure because her roommate, Barbara, was much brighter and studied all the time. I could not tell her that Barbara had come in two hours earlier to say the same thing about Linda.”

The story is almost funny—except that it is not. It is symptomatic of all the pressure put together. When every student thinks every other student is working harder and doing better, the only solution is to study harder still. I see students going off to the library every night after dinner and coming back when it closes at midnight. I wish they would sometimes forget about their peers and go to a movie. I hear the clacking of typewriters in the hours before dawn. I see the tension in their eyes when exams are approaching and papers are due: “Will I get everything done?”

Probably they won’t. They will get blocked. They will sleep. They will oversleep. They will bug out.

Part of the problem is that they are expected to do. A professor will assign five page papers. Several students will start writing ten page papers to impress him. Then more students will write ten page papers, and a few will raise the ante to fifteen. Pity the poor student who is still just doing the assignment.

“Once you have twenty or thirty percent of the student population deliberately overexerting,” one dean points out, “It’s bad for everybody. When a teacher gets more and more effort from his class, the student who is doing normal work can be perceived as not doing well. The tactic work, psychologically.”

Why cannot the professor just cut back and not accept longer papers? He can, and he probably will. But by then the term will be half over and the damage done. Grade fever is highly contagious and not easily reversed. Besides, the professor’s main concern is with his course. He knows his students only in relation to the course and does not know that they are also overexerting in their other courses. Nor is it really his business. He did not sign up for dealing with the student as a whole person and with all the emotional baggage the student brought along from home. That’s what deans, masters, chaplains, and psychiatrists are for.

To some extent this is nothing new: a certain number of professors have always been self-contained islands of scholarship and shyness, more comfortable with books than with people. But the new pauperism has widened the gap still further, for professors who actually like to spend time with students do not have as much time to spend. They are also overexerting. If they are young, they are busy trying to publish in order not to perish, hanging by their figure nails onto a shrinking profession.

If they are old and tenured, they are buried under the duties of administering departments—as departmental chairmen or members of committees—that have been thinned out by the budgetary axe.

Ultimately it will be the students’ own business to break the circles in which they are trapped. They are too young to be prisoners of their parents’ dreams and their classmates’ fears. They must be jolted into believing into themselves as unique men and women who have the power to shape their own future.

“Violence is being done to the undergraduate experience,” says Carlos Hortas. “College should be open-ended: at the end it should open many, many roads. Instead, students are choosing their goal in advance, and their choices narrow as they go along. It’s almost as if they think that the country has been codified in the type of jobs that exist-that they’ve got to fit into certain slots. Therefore, fit into the best paying slot.”

“They ought to take chances. Not taking chances will lead to life of colorless mediocrity. They’ll be comfortable. But something in the spirit will be missing.”

I have painted too drab a portrait of today’s students, making them seem a solemn lot. That is only half of their story; if they were so dreary I wouldn’t so thoroughly enjoy their company. The other half is that they are easy to like. They are quick to laugh and to offer friendship. They are not introverts. They are usually kind and are more considerate of one another than any student generation I have known.

Nor are they so obsessed with their studies that they avoid sports and extracurricular activities. On the contrary, they juggle their crowded hours to play on a variety of teams, perform with musical and dramatic groups, and write for campus publications. But this in turn is one more cause of anxiety. There are too many choices. Academically, they have 1,300 courses to select from; outside class they have to decide how much spare time they can spare and how to spend it.

This means that they engage in fewer extracurricular pursuits than their predecessors did. If they want to row on the crew and play in the symphony they will eliminate one; in the ‘60s they would have done both. They also tend to choose activities that are self-limiting. Drama, for instance, is flourishing in all twelve of Yale’s residential colleges, as it never has before. Students hurl themselves into these productions—as actors, directors, carpenters, and technicians—with a dedication to create the best possible play, knowing that the day will come when the run will end and they can get back to their studies.

They also cannot afford to be the willing slave of organizations like the Yale Daily News. Last spring at the one-hundredth anniversary banquet of that paper—who’s past chairmen include such once and future kings as Potter Stewart, Kingman Brewster, and William F. Buckley, Jr.—much was made of the fact that the editorial staff used to be small and totally committed and that “newsies” routinely worked fifty hours a week. In effect they belonged to a club; Newsies is how they defined themselves at Yale. Today’s students will one or two articles a week, when he can, and he defines himself as a student. I’ve never heard the word Newsie except at the banquet.

If I have described the modern undergraduate primarily as a driven creature who is largely ignoring the blithe spirit inside who keeps trying to come out and play, it’s because that’s where the crunch is, not only at Yale but throughout American education. It’s why I think we should all be worried about the values that are nurturing a generation so fearful of risk and so goal-obsessed at such an early age.

I tell students that there is no one “right” way to get ahead—that each of them is a different person, starting from a different point and bound for a different destination. I tell neither them that change is a tonic and that all the slots are not codified nor the frontiers closed. One of my ways of telling them is to invite men and women who have achieved success outside the academic world to come and talk informally with my students during the year. They are heads of companies or ad agencies, editors of magazines, politicians, public officials, television magnates, labor leaders, business executives, Broadway products, artists, writers, economists, photographers, scientists, historians—a mixed bag of achievers.

I asked them to say a few words about how they got started. The students assume that they started in their present profession and knew all along that it was what they wanted to do. Luckily for me, most of them got into their field by a circuitous route, to their surprise, after many detours. The students are startled. They can hardly conceive of a career that was not pre-planned. They can hardly imagine allowing the hand of God or chance to nudge them down some unforeseen trail.

11. To Err Is Wrong

In the summer of 1979, Boston Red Sox first baseman Carl Yastrzemski became the fifteenth player in baseball history to reach the three thousand hit plateaus. This event drew a lot of media attention, and for about a week prior to the attainment of this goal, hundreds of reports covered Yaz’s every more. Finally, one reporter asked, “Hey Yaz, aren’t you afraid all of this attention will go to your head?” Yastrzemski replied, “I look at this way: in my career I’ve been up to bat over ten thousand times. That means I’ve been unsuccessful at the plate over seven thousand times. That fact alone keeps me from getting a swollen head.”?

Most people consider success and failure as opposites, but they are actually both products of the same process. As Yaz suggest, an activity that produces a hit may also produce a miss. It is the same with creative thinking; the same energy that generates good creative ideas also produces errors.

Many people, however, are not comfortable with errors. Our educational system, based on “the right answer” belief, cultivates our thinking in another, more conservative way. From an early age, we are taught that right answers are good and incorrect answers are bad. This value is deeply embedded in the incentive system used in most schools:

Right over 90% of the time = “A”

Right over 80% of the time = “B~”

Right over 70% of the time = “C~” Right over 60% of the time = “D~” Less than 60% correct, you fail.

From this we learn to be right as often as possible and to keep our mistakes to a minimum. We learn, in other words, that “to err is wrong.

Playing It Safe

With this kind of attitude, you aren’t going to be taking too many chances. If you learn that failing even a litter penalizes you (e.g., being wrong only 15% of the time garners you only a “B” performance), you learn not to make mistakes. And more important, you learn not to put yourself to situation where you might fall. This leads to conservative thought pattern designed to avoid the stigma our society puts on “failure”.

I have a friend who recently graduated from college with a Master’s degree in Journalism. For the last six month, she has been trying to find a job, but to no avail. I talked with her about situation, and realized that her problem is that she doesn’t know how to fail. She went through eighteen years of schooling to try any approaches where she might fail. She has been conditioned to believe that failure is bad in and of itself, rather than a potential stepping-stone to new ideas.

Look around. How many middle managers, housewives, administrators, teachers, and other people do you see who are to try anything new because of this failure? Most of us have learned not to make mistakes in public. As a result, we remove ourselves from many learning experience except for those occurring in the most private of circumstances.

Different Logic

From a practical point of view, “to err is wrong” makes sense. Our survival in the everyday world requires us to perform thousand of small tasks without failure. Think about it: you wouldn’t last very long if you were to step out in front of traffic or stick your hand a pot of boiling water. In addition, engineers whose bridges collapse, stock brokers who lose money for their clients, and copywriters whose ad campaigns decrease sales won’t keep their jobs very long.

Nevertheless, too great an adherence to the belief “to err is wrong” can greatly undermine your attempts to generate new ideas. If you are more concerned with producing right answers than generating original ideas, you’ll probably make uncritical use of the rules, formulae, and procedures used to obtain these right answers. By doing this, you’ll by-pass the germinal phase of the creative process, and thus spend litter time testing assumptions, challenging the rules, asking what-if questions, or just playing around with the problem. All of these techniques will produce some incorrect answers, but in the germinal phase errors are viewed as a necessary by-product of creative thinking. As Yaz would put it, “if you want the hits, be prepared for the misses.” That’s the way the game of life goes.

Errors as Stepping Stones

Whenever an error pops up, the usual response is “Jeez, another screw up, what went wrong this time?” the creative thinker, on the other hand, will realize the potential value of errors, and perhaps say something like, “Would you look at that! Where can it lead our thinking?” and then he or she will go on to use the error as a stepping stone to a new idea. As a matter of fact, the whole history of discovery is filed with people who used erroneous assumptions and failed ideas as stepping-stones to new ideas. Columbus thought he was finding a shorter route to India. Johannes Kepler stumbled on to the idea of interplanetary gravity because of assumptions that were right for the wrong reasons. And, Thomas Edison knew 1800 ways not to build a light bulb.

The following story about the automotive genius Charles Kettering exemplifies the spirit of working through erroneous assumptions to good ideas. In 1912, when the automobile industry was just beginning to grow, Kettering was interested in improving gasoline engine efficiency. The problem he faced was“knockthe phenomenon in which gasoline takes too long to burn in the cylinder-thereby reducing efficiency.

Kettering began searching for ways to eliminate the “knock.” He thought to him, “How can I get the gasoline to combust in the cylinder at an earlier time?” the key concept here is “early”. Searching for analogous situations, he looked around for models of “things that happen early.” He thought of historical models, physical models, and biological models. Finally, he remembered a particular plant, the trailing arbutus, which “happens early,” i.e., it blooms in the snow (“earlier” than other plants). One of this plant’s chief characteristics is its’ red leaves, which help the plant retain light at certain wavelengths. Kettering figured that it must be the red color, which made the trailing arbutus bloom earlier.

Now came the critical step in Kettering’s chain of thought. He asked himself, “How can I make the gasoline red?” perhaps I’ll put red dye in the gasoline—maybe that’ll make it combust earlier.” He looked around his workshop, and found that he didn’t have any red dye. But he did happen to have some iodine—perhaps that would do. He added the iodine to the gasoline and, lo and behold, the engine didn’t “knock”.

[英语作文写作的需要背诵的部分

亲爱的班主任：

我是**的一名普通学生，我叫xxx，在此次期中考试中参与作弊。我怀着万分悔恨和内疚的心情给你写这份检讨书：

我此次期中考试中参与作弊是因为我抱有侥幸心理和对自己没有信心造成的，不是因为学习遇到困难和专业知识的缺乏所导致的。这件事之后，我有对自己的错误做了深入分析，我知道考试作弊这个问题的严重性，从小学，到高中，老师就教我们考试坚决不要作弊。事实上，老师们的反复教导话言犹在耳，严肃的表情依然记忆犹新，我感到非常震惊，也对这一点的重要性有深刻体会，所以我一再告诉自己的首要任务，是不辜负教师的教导。

我希望同学们不要向我这个大恶人学习，同时也希望我在反省错误的同时，能够给我改正的机会，让我在今后的生活学习中，消除这些不良习惯，扎实的学好专业课程，做一个对社会有用的人。

我作弊的过程如下：20**年11月3日，我们正在高三15班的教室里进行期中考试的高中数学考试。临近考试结束，我还有几道数学题没有做完，因为老师在下课前15分钟通知可以交卷了。就有同学纷纷上去交卷，而我却因为几道数学题不会做而耿耿于怀，我角色这几道数学题没完成肯定是要影响我发挥的。于是就趁监考老师整理试卷的时候，将附近同学的试卷拿来抄袭，恰巧让正在讲台上整理试卷的监考老师发现。下来将我抓个现形。

关于我的错误是显而易见的，我考试作弊了。我真的做错了，我对不起老师，对不起同学，给班级抹黑了。

但通过深深的反省和检讨之后，我依然没有放弃自己。正所谓“浪子回头金不换”，虽然我犯了一个非常严重的错误，但我希望老师可以给我一个机会，让我弥补我所犯下的滔天罪行，给我重生的机会吧!我要知错就改，争取成为一个对社会有用的人。

亲爱的老婆：

你好!

首先我为我这一次做的错误的事情向你道歉，老婆我错了，希望你能够原谅我。我知道我是不应该惹你生气的，这一次也确实是我做的不好，所以你才会生气的。现在我也已经知道自己的错了，以后也会努力的去改正自己的错误。我保证我之后绝对不会再因为同样的事情惹你生气了。希望你能够相信我，我一定会做到自己所说的。我十分诚恳的写下了这封检讨书，主动的来承认我的错误，我相信你是一定会原谅我的对吧。

这一次惹你生气之后我自己也反思了自己的行为，我发现我好像经常会惹你生气，也发现自己有很多的错误其实是不应该犯的。我也觉得自己是做的很不对的，其实我有时候知道这样做你可能会生气，但我还是这样的做了，我也觉得自己是挺挨骂的。其实我很希望你能够来骂我，有什么不满都对我说，总比你自己一个人生闷气的要好，这样对你的身体是很不好的。我也知道了自己身上是有很多的问题的，所以我也一定会努力的去解决自己身上的问题，这样我们才不会经常吵架，你也不会经常的生气。

老婆我向你保证，我是绝对不会因为同样的事情再让你生气了，我是一定会有实际行动的去改变自己身上的错误的，绝对不会嘴上承认自己的错误但就是没有什么实际的行动。我是很想让我们的生活变得更美好的，我也答应过你会让你每天都过得开心，所以你相信我，我是真的会努力的去改变自己身上会让你生气的那个点的，再也不会因为这些事情让你生气了。虽然我不能给你很好的物质条件，但是至少我要让你每天都过得很开心，至少不要天天都因为我而不开心，我也不该经常让你生气。

我也知道自己这一次确实是很不应该犯一个这样的错误的，我是真的知道自己的错误了，我希望你可以原谅我。这一次的错误我已经犯了，想要弥补的话也只能之后不要再犯这样的错误，也去改变我自己。我相信在这封检讨书里面我已经很清楚的表达了我自己认错的态度了，所以你在看完之后是一定会原谅我的对吧。看在我的认错态度和改正的态度非常好的份上，你就原谅我吧，我再也不会做让你生气的事情了，有什么事情我都会跟你商量，你不让我做的我就不会做。

此致

敬礼!

检讨人：o

2020年o月o日

尊敬的老师:

你好，我知错了，我不该喝酒，我下次再也不敢喝酒了

我这次喝酒原因是这样的，中午和朋友一起出去吃饭，因为太高兴了，也为了比下谁的酒量大，也就吃多了点，那时忘了下午还有课要上，到了下午上课的时候实在是支持不了，就吐了满地都是，为此我也感到十分的不安，通过老师和领导的教导使我深深的认识到自己的错误之处，了解到我们学生的目的就要好好学习，要和同学比就比成绩而不是比酒量，也使我知道作人的原则，在此我再三承认我错了，我不应该喝酒而影响到自己的学习.

总之我不应该喝酒。

短短这些字，不能表述我对我自己的谴责，更多的责骂，深在我的心理。我错了，我错了。但是，浪子回头金不换。我希望老师能给我改过重新做人的机会。如果能给我改过的机会，我会化悔恨为力量，努力的学习科学知识。

：

通过对这次旷课错误的深切反思和检讨，我决定重新设立自己的学习计划和目标，保证再不无故旷课，尤其是对自己有极大帮助的课。整顿自己的思想错误，提高觉悟性。并在平时的学习和工作中提高自身的素质。制定学习和工作计划，再不懒散和放纵自己。

这是一次十分深刻的检查，我对于我这次犯的错误感到很惭愧，我真的不应该不重视老师说的话，我不应该违背老师的话，我们作为学生就应该完全的听从老师的话，而我这次没有很好的重视到老师讲的话。我感到很抱歉，我希望老师可以原谅我的错误，我这次的悔过真的很深刻。 不过，人总是会犯错误的，当然我知道也不能以此作为借口，我们还是要尽量的避免这样的错误发生，希望老师可以相信我的悔过之心。“人有失手，马有失蹄”。我的不良行为不是向老师的纪律进行挑战。绝对是失误，老师说的话很正确，就是想要犯错误也不应该再您的面前犯错误，我感到真的是很惭愧，怎么可以这么的...... 相信老师看到我的这个态度也可以知道我对这次的事件有很深刻的悔过态度，我这样如此的重视这次的事件，希望老师可以原谅我的错误。“我错了”这句话对您来说显得太苍白无力了，“我下次不敢了”。似乎也不能打动您的心，但这真的是我内心的真实写照，我也许并不太会用语言表达我想要表达的意思，但我真心希望您能从我的文字中读出深深地悔意和我要表达的痛改前非的决心。

如今大错已成，我深深懊悔不已，深刻检讨，认为我在思想中已深藏了致命的错误，思想觉悟也不高，更没有很好地掌控自己的情感反而让情感掌控了我，我的定力还是不够的坚定。 导员，虽然我的言语不多，写字也很潦草，但这正是我急切想表明我真的知道我错了的迫切心情。对于以上的错误，我已经深深的认识到了它们的严重性，特别是旷课——这种损人却又不利己的错误。为了更好的向老师检讨自己，我特提出以下几点改正意见，好让自己和老师同学督促自己改正我的错误：

1.向老师认错。既然自己已经犯了错，我就应该去面对，要认识到自己的错误，避免以后犯同样的错误。所以，我写下这篇深刻的检讨，向老师表明我认错的决心。

2.提高纪律性。我应该认真学习学校的校规校纪，并且做到自觉遵守。不迟到，不早退，不旷课。有事应该先向老师请假。

3.提高自己的思想觉悟。对各门课程都应该引起重视，并且要养成良好的学习和生活作风。

4.好好学习，培养自己广泛的兴趣。作为学生，特别是新世纪的学生，学好学校开设的每门课程外，更应该培养自己广泛的兴趣爱好，让自己成为具有多种本领的人。这不仅仅是为了自己的明天，更是为了祖国的明天。

尊敬的系领导：

你们好!

我是xx系xx级x班的学生，由于在今天的四级考试中利用飞信接收答案已构成作弊行为，被监考老师当场抓获，被抓后我无心考试想的很多，知道自己已经放的一个很大的错误，将会面对什么，但是我知道不管会接受到什么处分我都会接受。

我知道我今天的行为不光彩，就算过的又怎么样，想到被人都是自己的努力才拿到证书，而我却是通过不光彩的方法拿到一张空的证明书。我今天的行为不仅是我自己阴影，也给我们系丢脸的，想到我们班的同学他们平时多么努力的复习英语，而我考试却投机取巧 心存侥幸想蒙骗过关。最后沦为这种地步也是自找的。让自己成为的一个不诚实的人。

天网恢恢，疏而不漏。首先感谢黄主任对我们学生负责监考严明，让我认识的自己的错误，让我能早点改正。还要上系领导道歉，因为我的事情让我，在你们百忙之中来打扰你们。谢谢你们的教育我会好好改正不会让你们失望，在以后的日子里希望你们多多指导，我相信在你们的教育和指导下我会一步步成为一个优秀的大学生，一个合格的社会公民。

检讨人：xx

尊敬的各位领导：

2013年2月20号我镇召开三级干部大会，本人因假期外出未能按时参加会议，违反了相关规定，为此我感到十分愧疚，经过自我反省与批评之后，特写下此检讨书，以表明我已经深刻认识到自己的错误，并已经端正了自己的态度。

通过这件事，我感到这虽然是一件偶然发生的事情，但同时也是长期以来对自己放松要求，工作做风涣散的必然结果。经过几天的反思，我对自己这两年的工作成长经历进行了详细回忆和分析。记得刚上班的时候，我对自己的要求还是比较高的，遵守相关规章制度，从而努力完成各项工作。但随着时间的推移，工作也比较熟悉了，尤其是领导对我的关怀和帮助使我感到温暖的同时，也慢慢开始放松了对自己的要求，反而认为自己已经做得很好了。因此，这次发生的事使我不仅感到是自己的耻辱，更为重要的是我感到对不起领导对我的信任，愧对领导的关心。

同时，在这件事中，我还感到，自己在工作责任心上仍旧非常欠缺。这充分说明，我从思想上没有把单位的规章制度，处事的方式方法重视起来，这也说明，我对自己的工作没有足够的责任心，也没有把自己的工作做得更好，也没给自己注入走上新台阶的思想动力。在自己的思想中，仍旧存在得过且过，应付思想。现在，我深深感到后悔莫及，这是一个非常危险的倾向，也是一个极其不好的苗头，如果不是领导及时发现，并要求自己深刻反省，而放任自己继续放纵和发展，那么，后果是极其严重的。

因此，在深感痛心的同时，我也感到了幸运，感到了自己觉醒的及时，这在我今后的人生成长道路上，无疑是一次关键的转折。所以，在此，我在向领导做出检讨的同时，也向你们表示发自内心的感谢。此外，我也看到了这件事的恶劣影响，如果在我们这个集体中形成了这种目无组织纪律观念，不良风气，我们工作的提高将无从谈起。因此，这件事的后果是严重的，影响是恶劣的。发生这件事后，我知道无论怎样都不足以弥补自己的过错。因此，我忠心的恳求党委政府及各位领导能够接受我真诚的歉意，并能来监督我，指正我。我也衷心的感谢领导给我改过自新的机会，我会更加珍惜这来之不易的工作，以后将会更加努力，更加认真的学习和工作。

通过对此事的深刻反省，我认为原因有以下几点：

一、纪律性不强。由于没有经常对自己进行行为和思想上的反省，因而才出现了无视纪律的情况。在今后的生活中，我将严格按照规则办事，认真遵守党组织的相关规章制度以及组织纪律，做到假期保持通讯工具的畅通，随叫随到。

二、自由主义泛滥。以自我为中心，不为集体着想。这些都是不负责任的行为，是不尊重他人劳动成果的表现。各位领导和同事们辛辛苦苦地为这次三干会准备，但是我却只想着自己，这是严重的不尊重领导和同事。

三、思想觉悟不高。这种思想上的错误，早期形成，长期发展，千里之堤，毁于蚁穴，对自己以后的发展很不利。

四、作风懒散。如果不是贪图一时的放松，就不会缺席这次三干会。这种懒散应该不是一时养成的，它早已在自己平时的行为和思想上养成了，只是可能以前没表现出来而没有引起自己足够的重视，这次发生这么严重的错误才深刻意识到自己在作风上原来出现了这么大的问题。

所谓吃一堑长一智，对此我做出以下保证：

以后积极参加党组织的一切活动，从思想上给与足够的认识，从行为上给与足够的重视，绝对不会再无辜缺席类似活动，同时积极加深对党的相关理论知识的学习，从思想上加强自己做一名合格并且优秀的中共党员的意识，时刻谨记自己预备党员的身份。同时补习各位领导在三干会上的的讲话精神，并撰写相关思想汇报。

作为一名预备党员，从一开始就应该严格按照共产党员的标准要求自己，认真学习实践科学发展观，努力成为实践社会主义核心价值体系的模范，做共产主义远**想和中国特色社会主义事业的坚定信仰者、科学发展观的忠实执行者、社会主义荣辱观的自觉实践者、社会和谐的积极促进者，以实际行动向党组织表明自己的决心。

我认为这次教训会时刻提醒我、鞭策我，也相信经过这次检讨，我会更加积极地对待每一件事，认真落实每一件事情。

我知道再深刻的检讨不付诸行动都只会是空谈，请党组织在实践中考验、监督我，我将端正我的态度，改正我的错误，落实于我的行动。我再次衷心地希望其他同志以我的教训为戒，每天检查自己的行为、思想和态度，不再重蹈我的覆辙。

检讨人：FFF

尊敬的领导：

您好!

失误这件事情本身都是可以避免的，正是因为自己没有多去注意，所以才会出现失误这样的现象。这次反省了自己之后，猛然发觉，其实每一次失误并不是因为自己粗心大意，而是因为自己在工作当中对待一些事情的时候，没有用正确的态度。就好比这次事情一样，如果我以前多去注意一下，又怎么会在今天出现这样的情况呢?这并不和我们的粗细心有关，而是我的个人态度有关，所以在这里，我检讨了自己很多，也希望领导能够感受到我的这一份真诚，希望可以原谅我这一次。

今天上午的时候，一名客户突然来公司投诉，说自从购买产品之后，我们的服务工作就断掉了，他这几天一直发信息给我，我一直都没有回复。他担心是不是我们公司不包售后了。当时领导和我反馈的时候，我才发现自己在这个方面犯了错。我的确有这样的问题，客户在购买产品之后，我就很少去维护了，其实也没有像这名客户说的那样，一直没有回复他。我一般都会回复，但是是因为他的问题真的不太紧要，所以我才没有过多去解释，导致他认为我们公司不包售后了。

这件事情发生之后，我才发现有些事情上是不可以偷懒的。我的确很喜欢那种讲得通的客户，这位客户我沟通过很多次了，他一直觉得是我们在欺骗他，一直保持一个非常高的敌对心理。其实我也知道这样的情况应该及时解决的，也应该更认真的和他解释。但是我还是没有做好，草草的敷衍了他一下，导致出现了被投诉的问题。

这次还好是来公司说明了问题，如果因为我影响了公司的口碑，那我不知道自己会愧疚到什么地步去。所以通过这一件事情，我知道了很多事情上的失误都不是一时间造成的，而是日积月累不去处理造成的。这一次的失误给了我沉重的一棒，让我知道痛是什么样的感觉，也提醒着我今后不能再犯同样的错误了。

在这件事情当中，由于我工作上的失误给公司带来了麻烦，我很愧疚，非常自责。我知道我作为一名员工，自己应该做的工作应该完完整整的做好，而不是想着偷一些没有必要的懒。这次我会好好反省自己，也会立马把这个问题解决掉，改正好。希望您今后可以看到一个更好的我，请您谅解!

此致

敬礼!

检讨人：___

20__年_月_日