检检讨书分几个部分【汇编20篇】

尊敬的老师：

对于我6月17号晚上晚归的不良行为我深感懊悔。

早在开学之际，老师就再三强调不能违反各种学校的条例，各种规章制度，可是我去在17号晚上晚归了，因为在外面过生日，玩过头，导致错过了回宿舍的时间。还记得老师曾经说过凡事有个度，玩可以但是不可以超过那个度，事后我认识到自己作为一个大学生应该为自己的所作所为负责，在此我对老师说声对不起，也对全班同学说声对不起。因为我的原因令班级的名义受损。在这里我保证不再犯，不再晚归，遵守宿舍条例。对于自己观念上的错误。以为晚归不是很严重，但是现在知道错了。我会树立好正确的观念。晚归不仅害人害己。影响到宿友，没有尊重他人，在此。我再一次的为自己的不良行为向老师道歉。

赖欢

尊敬的老师

今天，我怀着愧疚以及懊悔写下一份检讨书。因为我上自修的不遵守自修纪律，在和同学讲话，被数学老师看见，收到了处罚，写了几千字的检讨，扣了4分品德修分。

那天晚上，我们全班都在自修，我们各自在做各自未完成的作业，我正愁没事情干。忽然，后面有人叫我，我便转过身去，她小声的对我说：“向你前面一个人借一下剪刀。”我怕老师批评我讲话，我便传了一张纸条给她，上面写着她的剪刀破了。恰巧，这一幕被数学老师看到，参与这件事的人都被叫了出去，数学老师问我们该怎么处理这件事，我们说写检讨书，数学老师同意了。他给了我们一张白纸，让我们正反两面写满，我们拿着笔在一旁埋头苦写了整整一小时。写检讨的时候，我边写边自我反省，后悔自己当初的行为，写着写着，我的眼泪已经从我的眼眶溢出，可是后悔又有什么用呢？这时我对自己说，以后不管上什么课，都要遵守纪律。

今后我一定会好好学习，上课不讲空话，并且积极为班级做贡献，为班级添光彩!

XXX

年月日

尊敬的学校领导：

由于今晚我的一时放松，没有理会同学这样的违纪违规行为。因此犯上了这样严重的错误，作为班长，我一直以来对于班级纪律管理都非常松懈，可能正是这样的原因才导致了今晚班级严重违纪行为的发生。

事实上，我们班在学校老师的眼中一直以来的印象都不是那么好，我们班级的纪律不好是全校有名的。今天，我们班级又出现了夜自修播放电影这样的错误，我作为班长真是感到难辞其咎，感到非常的羞愧与懊悔，为此我坚决要做检讨!

在此，我向学校领导表达我万分的歉意。这次的班集体违纪错误，主要原因还是我们这批班干部平时没有将班级纪律管理到位，这是我的错，我们确确实实错了。

我很伤心，也很自责，我希望学校不要抛弃对我们的管教，给我们一个改过自新的机会。

俗话说“人非圣贤，孰能无过”，我知道学校是充满母爱的，我们愿意向学校承认错误，接受学校的纪律处罚，请学校相信我们，我们一定会努力改正错误，今后努力认真学习，在高考当中取得优异成绩，为学校争光。

最后，我代表全班向学校领导恳请原谅，我们保证今后坚决改正错误，并且尽全力提高学习成绩，回报给学校一个大好未来，为学校的下一届招生事业贡献力量!

检讨人：

2015.7.25

好好学习，遵守校纪校规是我们每个学生应该做的，也是中华民族的优良传统美德，可是我作为当代的学生却没有好好的把它延续下来。就像很多中国青年都不知道有圣诞节，却隆重的去过圣诞节一样。我们都在无知中遗失了纪律，不明白自己的学习目的……

花自飘零水自流，一次自习，吵闹沸腾，老师您几次忧愁，此愁难消在心头，为我们的无知，特向您检讨。

首先，造成自修讲话最直接的原因是我们自我约束力差了，作业完成以后，就觉得没事可做;间接原因是我们希望做点课业之外的事情，不免相互交流，说话声音无所顾忌之时，慢慢的自习课就沸腾了。当然，这不能成为自习课不遵守纪律的理由。鲁迅先生说过……歌德也说……我们只有认真反思，寻找错误后面的深刻根源，认清问题的本质，才能给集体和自己一个交待，从而得以进步。

这次上自习讲话违背了教育管理体制，影响了老师的工作正常运转，此乃不忠，一罪也。又有辜负了伟大父母对我殷切希望，好浪费在校学习的时间，乃不孝，二罪也。 更让老师您为此事殚精竭虑，伤心失望，此乃不仁，三罪也……在写此检讨之时，我深感自己的无知，后悔之极。

最后，麻烦老师及同学费时来检阅本人所做之检讨，交了这份检讨，我正处在老师对我的考验之中，……我现在彻底理解老师教育我们的苦口婆心…… 自习课不遵守纪律，决不是一件可忽略的小事!只要我们都有很好的约束能力、自主学习能力，在自习课上就没有任何借口，任何理由可以为讲话开脱!我们只有认认真真思考人生有那么多事要做，那么多的担子要挑，就没有理由在正常的自习课堂上不遵守纪律了。

为了老师辛苦地花了平常所没有的，大量时间和大量耐性给我的教导，为了不再让老师和我丧失宝贵的时间，我依循老师写了这份检讨，检讨自己的错误，由于本人第一次写检讨且加脑袋愚钝，虽用整个午休时间和不让精神休憩外加眼酸……怀着沉重复杂的心情写这篇检讨，但还是写得不好，只怿自己才蔬学浅，不能更好的运用我们深厚的汉语言文化，敬请老师谅解。

为了感谢老师的淳淳教导，我在此保证如果有一次重来的机会放在我面前，我尽我之所能克制自己，绝不让老师失望。请老师谅解我这一次的错误吧!

：

尊敬的xx：

在自修课讲闲话的行为是一种对同学的不尊敬，我认识到了自己的错误。

中国是一个礼仪之邦，自古就讲究尊师重道，这是一种传统的美德，过去我一直忽视了它。抛开着一层面，不单单是老师，无论对任何人，我们都应该尊重他，尊重他的劳动，他的劳动成果。我这样做，直接造成了不尊重老师，不尊重他人，不尊重他人劳动的恶劣影响。作为一名当代中学生，一名正在接受教育的人来说，这种表现显然不符合社会对我们的要求。

每一个学校都希望自己的学生做到品学兼优，全面发展，树立良好形象，也使我们的学校有一个良好形象。每一个同学也都希望学校给自己一个良好的学习环境来学习，生活。包括我自己也希望可以有一个良好的学习环境，但是一个良好的学习环境靠的是大家来共同维护来建立起来的，而我自己这次却犯了错误，去破坏了班级的良好环境，是很不应该的，若每一个同学都这样犯错，那么是不会有良好的学习环境形成的。

我要避免这样的错误发生，希望老师可以相信我的悔过之心。

相信老师看到我的这个态度也可以知道我对这次的事件有很深刻的悔过态度，我这样如此的重视这次的事件，希望老师可以原谅我的错误，我可以向老师保证今后一定不会在早自习及其他任何课上说闲话的。

所以，老师把让我写检讨，也是为了让我深刻的认识到这点。

检讨书:xx

① 信头(Heading)，也叫信端，指发信人的地址和写信日期。其写法主要有全部齐头式(信头位于信纸的左上角)和半齐头式(信头位于信纸的右上角)两种。

② 信内地址(Inside Name & Address)指收信人的姓名和地址，写在信纸的左上角，从信纸的左边顶格写起，低于信头一、两行。

③ 称呼(Salutation)是对收信人的称呼用语，自成一行，写在低于信内地址一、两行的地方，从信纸的左边顶格写起，每个词的开头字母用大写或至少首词和专有名词的第一个字母用大写，末尾用逗号。

④ 正文(Body)

⑤ 结束语(Complimentary Close)是写信人自己对收信人的一种谦称，只占一行，低于正文一、两行，从信纸的中间或稍右的地方开始，第一个词的开头字母用大写，末尾用逗号。

⑥ 签名(Signature)

一般低于结束用语一、二行，从信纸中间偏右的地方开始。

⑦ 附件(Enclosure, 缩写为Encl.或Enc.)

信件如有附件，应在左下角注明Encl.或Enc.。

尊敬的老师：

您好!在上次期中考试中，前几天复习的时候，我没有认真复习。因为平常上课的时侯没有认真听，总是想走神。第一天上午考试的时候，我心里就慌慌的，不知所措。如果平时不认真学，考试也就不会有好成绩。在第一天下午靠英语的时候，试卷在发下来之后，一看大标题，是期中测试，就很眼热，然后仔细一看题，就感觉做过，好像是配套练习册上的题。我正好带着这本书，我立马一迅雷不及掩耳之势，把课本拿了上来。我把书打开一看，试卷上的题和配套练习册的题一模一样。我想反正都做了一遍了，不如撕下来直接抄，可一看，那两张恰巧散了，掉了下来，就想：这么巧，肯定不会让老师逮到的。但我一开始不敢抄，后来，我刚好有个题不会做，就抄了，刚抄完，就被监场老师给逮到了。

她说给我零分，不让我做了。她又看见另一位同学在翻本子了。说给我们120分，我说零分吧。我的语气不够好。老师也生气了。我不应该和老师顶嘴的。

每个人都应该互相尊重，每个人都是平等的!我最不应该的是作弊，都是我的虚荣心在作怪。

我现在真的很后悔，后悔没有听您的话，我知道世上没有卖后悔药的，虽然您没有严厉的批评我，但是我真的很自责，您考试前都给我们讲过，不让我们作弊，我不但没有听您的，还给您丢尽了脸，也把自己的脸丢尽了，我从今以后绝对不会再犯类似的错误了，请老师原谅我无知的错误，人不怕犯错误，怕是是错了不改，这次我一定改正! 我下定了决心，以后上课尽量地认真听课，尽量不开小差，不走神，不该说的不说，上课积极发言，把自己的坏习惯通通改掉，我想这样考试时，题就应该会做了，也不会作弊了，成绩也会提高了。我一定会让同学们刮目相看的!

此致

敬礼!

今天上学迟到，已经不是第一次了，，这几次犯错误，让我自己想了很多东西，反省了很多的事情，自己也很懊悔，很气自己，去触犯学校的铁律，也深刻认识到自己所犯错误的严重性，对自己所犯的错误感到了羞愧。

学校一开学就三令五申，强调校规校纪，提醒学生不要违反校规，可我却没有把学校和老师的话放在心上，没有重视老师说的话，没有重视学校颁布的重要事项，这些都是不应该的。也是对老师的不尊重。应该把老师说的话紧记在心，把学校颁布的校规校纪紧记在心。

我这次犯的错误不仅给自己带来了麻烦，不能回学校和其他同学一样正常上课，耽误自己的课程，如果每个人都像我这样上课迟到那上课的次序就会被扰乱,老师无法正常教学,其他同学也不能正常上课。而且我这种行为给学校也造成了及其坏的影响,破坏了学校的管理制度.在同学们中间也造成了不良的影响。由于我一个人的犯错误，有可能造成别的同学的效仿，影响班级纪律性，年级纪律性，破坏学校的纪律和良好的学习环境，而且给对自己抱有很大期望的老师和家长也是一种伤害，也是对自己和别的同学以及双方父母的一种不负责任。

每一个学校都希望自己的学生做到品学兼优，全面发展，树立良好形象，也使我们的学校有一个良好形象，对于学生，不触犯校规，不违反纪律，做好自己的事是一项最基本的责任，也是最基本的义务。

如今,犯了大错,我深深懊悔不已。我老师对于我的犯校规也非常的生气。我也知道，对于学生，按时上课是一项最基本的责任，也是最基本的义务。但是我却连最基本的都没有做到。我会以这次违纪事件作为一面镜子时时检点自己，批评和教育自己，自觉接受监督。我要知羞而警醒，知羞而奋进，努力学习。我也要通过这次事件，提高我的时间观念认识，强化责任措施。

我对这次事件有很深刻的悔过和，希望老师可以原谅我的错误，为了感谢老师的淳淳教导，我在此保证如果有一次重来的机会放在我面前，我尽我之所能克制自己，绝不让老师失望。请老师谅解我这一次的错误吧!

“冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。”下面是小编给大家整理的考试没考好检讨书的内容，欢迎大家查看。

时光飞逝，一年一度的期末考试有一次落下了帷幕。在这每一次的人生考验中，总是有人欢喜有人悲。然而不幸的是这一次我成为了后者。半载的辛苦和辛酸苦累换来了的却是失落，让我怀着失落的心情，带着差强人意的成绩，为这个学期画下了一个败笔。原因出在哪里，我做出了深刻思考和反省，经过了深思熟虑，特作出深刻的检讨，有些没有提到之处还请老师和同学们提出批评指正。

我认为此次考试的失利，绝不是一日之工，“冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。”确实，我总结了以下几点：

1、思想觉悟不够深刻。思想觉悟是一个学生具有的基本条件，一个学生的基本任务是什么，就是学习，好好学习。一个正确的思想觉悟会带领我们走向正轨，所谓思想不过关，成绩如何过关。不仅仅是学习，做任何事思想觉悟都是最重要的，也是最关键的。

2、没有端正的学习态度。态度跟思想是相辅相成的。一个正确认真的学习态度是一个学生成才的必备基础，有了正确的思想态度才能正确的对待学习这件事，正确看待考试成绩的重要性，考试是学校对于学生的检测，也是让自己找出不足改正不足的方法，也是学校对学生的一种负责的态度。

3、基本功的不扎实。平时的一个小小的东西都会影响到考试成绩，这是不可否认的。一个字母的背记，每一次简单的验算，每一次刻苦的思考，都是很重要的，我就是没有打下良好的基础，而导致考试成绩的不理想。

4、平时对自己要求过低。有时候人会犯“惰性”，也就是偷个小懒，每个人都有这种惰性，重要的是有的人克制的较好，有的人克制的较差。平时对自己严格要求的人，做什么事情都会对自己严格要求，对待学习更要严格要求

5、没有一个正确的学习目标。每一个阶段都给自己制定一个小目标的人，往往平时不怎么起眼，到了考试就会大放光彩，因为他完成一个个小目标，从而最终完成一个大目标。然而光有目标没有实际行动也是不行的，一步一个脚印的踏实度过每个目标，你会发现你成功了一大步。正所谓“不积跬步，无以至千里;不积小流，无以成江海”。古人的话都是有道理的。

6、缺乏一定的自信心。人无聪明愚蠢之分，都是平等的，一个人要相信自己可以完成，付出努力就会成功，一个人要是缺乏了自信心，不敢去尝试，不管是学习还是工作都无法成功。俗话说“人不可有傲气，但不可无傲骨”。傲骨指的是什么，就是自尊和自信。

7、缺少“不耻下问”的精神。有时候感觉问问题很丢面子，这是大错特错的。我们都是学生，我们都是来向人家学习的，学习就有不懂的，不懂的就得向别人请教，这是很正常的现象，然而我一直曲解这里的意思。子曰：“三人行，必有我师焉”。每个人都有自己的缺点，每个人也有自己的优点，学习别人的优点，弥补自己的缺点。比如你的数学好，我的语文好，我们就可以互相学习，相互学习，这样同时提高的是双方，也是双倍的。

8、没有一个良好的学习习惯。习惯成自然，一个正确的学习习惯关系着一个人的一生。有的人喜欢给英文备注，其实这也不失为是一种好办法，久而久之就形成习惯，一看到这个单词就能想起自己的备注，这样对于背记有很大的提高。还有人的验算本比有的人的作业本都整洁，这都是好的学习习惯，就算题做错了，回头找找看看自己的验算本，一目了然，知道哪里错了。弄得乱七八糟，自己永远不知道怎么回事。

9、缺少反省自我反省的意识。每次月考乃至普通考试都是对我们这阶段的考核，考核完毕就要发现自己的不足，改正自己的不足，时间一长，不足自己消失了，这就是反省的功效。

10、缺乏创新的能力。现在的社会是一个创新的社会，学生更应该增强自己的创新能力。学习中并不是一成不变的，一道题可能有好多种解法，背记也有很多种方法，一个正确的学习方法，是对学生提高最大的一种帮助。考试失利固然很失落，但不可有气馁的心气。相信自己的能力，勇于创新，创造新的奇迹。如果牛顿没有被苹果砸到头，他也可能研究出万有引力定律，因为他是有创新能力的人，世界上很多事情都是由创新而来的。中国从古代到今日，50XX年历史的泱泱大国，如果没有创新精神，现在的社会也不会这么发达。

综上所述，我的错误主要是这几点，发现错误就要改正错误，能够发现错误也是一种能力。所以我特作出整改措施如下：

1、加强思想觉悟的提升。树立正确的人生观价值观，知道自己是祖国的未来支柱，坚定信念努力学习，为社会和人民作出贡献，更不能辜负学校和家长对我的殷切希望。增加自己的课外知识，充实自己，多读一些有益的书籍，浏览一些有益的网站，从而去其糟粕，取其精华。加强自己的思想觉悟。

2、努力端正自己的学习态度。学习态度的端正与否不是一日两日能练出来的，所以从思想上真正改进，才能使自己的态度端正。态度决定一切，要树立不是我为谁读书，而是我爱读书的信念，最终成为造福于社会造福于人民的栋梁之才。

3、苦练基本功。中国人最讲究基本功的扎实与否，就像习武之人要先扎好马步一样。楼房之高全靠地基的稳固，没有良好的基本功，以后踏上更高的学习阶段，会苦不堪言。虽然就剩一个学期，但是俗话也说“临阵磨枪，不快也光”。在这一个学期，未来的日子里，我一定倍加加强基本功的学习。

4、严格要求自己。放松的心态让人松懈，一日的松懈就会带来不小的影响，平时严格要求自己，按时休息，每天保持良好的神态参加每一堂课，积极向上的对待每次考试的鉴定，克制自己的惰性，“书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟”，学习固然辛苦，但是人生短短几十年，美好的时光就要在此时，要珍惜此时的学习机会，不能使自己因懒惰而遗憾终生。

5、定期给自己制定学习目标。比如说我的成绩不是很好，考试只得60分，下次制定个100分这是不可行的，分数也是自己平日的积累，定的目标过高也会使自己失去信心，从而产生厌学倾向。但是这次60分下次70分这样的目标是必须制定的。完全是自己力所能及的，当然分数不能代表一切，因为每次的题目难度也有差距。但是同样的题目不可以再犯。

6、树立自己的自信心。一个学生的自信心是很重要的，相信自己的能力，向着自己的目标前进，每天保持昂扬的斗志，积极的心态去处理每件学习上的事。努力尝试自己不敢想象的东西，如果你认为自己可以得满分，努力做了，即使的不了满分也能取得长足的进步。

7、敏而好学，不耻下问。学习中遇到的困难和挫折，单凭自己的力量也是解决不了的。这就是为什么要建立学校的原因，现在有条件请家教的人比比皆是，但是那样就会鼓孤立自己，学校学生同学们在一起讨论，发表自己的见解都能提高很大。向比自己强的同学请教不是丢人的事，要经常问，向老师请教，不要感觉这个同学不如我我就不请教他了，正所谓“尺有所短，寸有所长”，每个人的优点都可能跟自己的优点不同，“择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之”，共同进步，共创辉煌。

8、养成良好的学习习惯、作息习惯。学习好的同学的各种好的学习习惯，认真对待作业，每天作息时间要准时，多读课外书，充实自己，用知识武装自己的头脑。养成了良好的习惯，就不怕取不得好成绩。

9、加强自我反省。每次考试结束后都总结一下自己哪方面还存在不足，要加强;看看自己哪方面有进步，要保持。别的同学提出的意见要虚心接受，老师的教导要充分消化。要认为学习中的挫折和困难是提炼自己的好东西，不要气馁，努力最好。

10、善于发现，勇于创新。生活无处不在创新。单从一个最基本的东西电视来说，以前是黑白的，现在是彩色的，以前是纯平的，现在是液晶的，液晶的甚至还分lcd和led，如果没有创新这些东西不会变化这么快，自己有想法努力说出来看看是否切实可行，这也是我认为现在学校教学应该采取的，让学生多说。

总而言之，学习成绩的提高不是一朝一夕就能练就的，“千里之行，始于足下”。从小事做起，从点滴做起，改正自己的微小的毛病，“不以善小而不为，不以恶小而为之”，“千里之堤，溃于蚁穴”，这些都讲的是这个意思，从现在开始，学会从一个字母开始;从现在开始，学会从每一个小题开始;从现在开始，学会从生活中发现学习。对于此次考试的失利不会认为是一种磨难，而是一种转折点，让我明白了很多道理，努力才是关键。

以上就是我的检讨书，也不算是检讨书，就算是个反省录吧，以后一定铭记于心。请老师和同学们监督，发现问题及时提醒，发现错误及时制止，共同成长共同进步。

尊敬的各位领导：

你们好!

8月17日，在工作中，我不仅没有认真投入工作，离岗回来时忘记带静电手环，并被发现。

给您写下这份检讨书，以此来向您表示我对工作不认真，忘记带静电手环这种错误行为的深刻认识和我改正错误的决心。

在这个月我以经是第二次犯错，上次是因为没有开离子风扇，这次是离岗回岗位的时候忘记带静电手环就开始作业，做了不到5片产品，就被ipqc稽核了。在经过站长的批评和教育之后，我已经深刻的认识到自己的错误，并决心改正。

其实早在进富士康的时候就已经学习过工作中注意的事项。上班名点的时候站长就强调要带好静电手环、看看离子风扇开了没有、工作时不要忘记擦cg保护膜等等。站长的指导言犹在耳，我却还是违反了工作事项，经过领导的教育与我的思考之后，我已经深刻认识到错误的严重性。

不带静电手环是对自己安全的不负责任，也会对产品造成不良。我知道我错了。在这里也很感激负责监督的管理能及时发现我所犯的错，给了我一次知错改过的机会，以后要多向他学习、对工作的负责、认真。我并不想为自己找什么所谓的借口，我明白，一旦犯了错无论处于什么原因和情况下都不应该再多说些什么，错了就是错了，谁也改变不了这个事实，要勇于认错、吸取错误教训。其实我进入本公司也有一段时间了，在这段时间的工作中和同事们的合作中，我感到很温馨很愉快，真的确实有点家的感觉。当然这些都是通过各位工友和各位领导的共同努力来实现的，集体的力量是无穷的，当然集体是由每一个人都团结起来组成的，不要因为一个人而破坏了集体的规距和影响公司的制度。其实我也很想说，我就是集体的一员，不管什么时候都应该把自己的事情做好，让管理放心，为团体奉献一份自己的力量，要时刻记着公司的规定并自觉的严格遵守。当然这些也是我上级经常向我们提出到的，我应该向那些表现好的、工作积极的工友们学习。以后我会更加努力的。

此致!

×××：××× 2010年×月×日

尊敬的领导：

我怀着内疚的心写下这份检讨书，也在这里向您表示诚挚的歉意，我不应该在中午时候脱岗，差点使公司的重要文件丢失，此次犯错充分暴露出我的工作责任心差。

回顾这次犯错，原因是当时的我因为着急上厕所，没有把重要的文件放好，以至于清洁人员以为是作废文件而进行了处理。幸好的是在最后，您找到了文件。虽然这段时间，我很心急，后来迅速解决以后回到岗位，发现错误已经造成，您也十分的生气。

这个错误实实在在是我的不对，我不应该脱岗。而且单位有规定，有事脱岗一定要事先请示，我这样的行为是在违反单位的相关规定，不利于单位文化的建设。

在此，我向您保证我以后坚决不脱岗，并且我一定要接受这次教训，从中吸取教训。

此致

敬礼

检讨人：xx

尊敬的王老师：

您好，此番我对不住您了，做了伤害老师的事情，实在是对不起!在此，我想您表示深深的歉意!我写了这篇“检讨书”给您，以深刻反省我的错误行为，提出改正措施，求您原谅我的错误!

这次犯错误后，我想了很多东西，反省了很多的事情，我很懊悔，很气自己，居然写出那样不尊重老师的话，给老师造成了深深的伤害，我深刻认识到自己所犯错误的严重性，对自己所犯的错误感到了羞愧。我冷静的想了很久，我这次犯的错误不仅给自己带来了麻烦，影响自己的表现和在老师同学们心中的形象。而且在同学们中间也造成了不良的影响。老师是人类灵魂的工程师，“春蚕到死丝方尽，蜡炬成灰泪始干”，每一位老师都是爱岗敬业，无私奉献的表率，没有一位老师不爱护自己的学生，王老师也是这样的一位好老师。而我年少无知，之前根本没有用心体王老师对我们的付出、奉献和爱护。

由于我一个人的犯错误，也有可能造成别的同学的效仿，造成恶劣的影响。而且给对自己抱有很大期望的老师，家长也是一种伤害，我深深体会到了自己的错误，其他同学千万不要效仿我的错误。每一个老师都希望自己的学生做到品学兼优，全面发展，树立良好形象，也使我们的学校有一个良好形象。每一个同学也都希望学校给自己一个良好的学习环境来学习，生活。包括我自己也希望可以有一个良好的学习环境，但是一个良好的学习环境靠的是大家来共同维护来建立起来的，而我自己这次却犯了错误，去破坏了良好的氛围，真的很不应该，若每一个同学都这样犯错，后果该是多么严重。

我度日如年，想了很多很多，意识到自己犯了很严重错误，我愿意受到老师的处罚，求得老师的原谅。对不起，老师!我知道，老师对于我的行为非常的生气。我深深懊悔不已。我会以这次的错误作为一面镜子时刻检点自己，批评和教育自己，自觉接受监督。我要知羞耻而奋进，亡羊补牢、化羞耻为动力，努力学习。我还要通过这次的错误行为，提高我的思想认识，尊敬师长，努力学习，报答老师的付出和奉献。我想大声地说，校长，老师我错了，我错了。妈妈，爸爸我错了，我错了。

在今后学校的我，会以新的面貌，出现在学校，不在给学校和年级还有我的班主任摸黑。无论在学习还是在别的方面我都会用校规来严格要求自己，在今后学校的学习生活中更加的努力，不仅把老师教我们的知识学好，更要学好如何做人，我对这次事件有很深刻的悔过态度，希望老师可以相信我的悔过之心，可以原谅我的错误，我也会向你保证此事不会再有第二次发生。对于这一切我还将进一步深入总结，深刻反省，恳请老师相信我能够记取教训、改正错误，同时也真诚地希望老师能继续关心和支持我。谢谢尊敬的老师!

此致

敬礼!

检讨人：XXX

2016年11月22日

尊敬的领导：

在这里向您表示诚挚的歉意啊，我不应该在中午时候脱岗。此次错误充分暴露出我是一个没有良好工作责任心的人啊。

回顾错误，当时是因为我急着上厕所，结果导致很急匆匆。我跑到了厕所，结果发现里面已经有人，我就很着急就在厕所门口等了很久。这段时间，我狠心急，后来迅速解决以后回到岗位，发现您已经在岗位室内批评了。

这个错误实实在在是我的不对啊，我不应该脱岗。而且单位有规定，有事脱岗一定要事先请示，我这样的行为简直是错误的。

现在，我向您保证我以后坚决不脱岗了，脱岗之前一定要事先请示。现在我向您保证，我一定要接受这次教训。

此致!

下面的材料旨在丰富学生在是非问题写作方面的思想和语言，考生在复习时可以先分类阅读这些篇章，然后尝试写相关方面的作文题。

对于素材中用黑体字的部分，特别建议你熟读，背诵，因为它们在语言和观点上都值得吸收。学习语言的人应该明白，表达能力和思想深度都靠日积月累，潜移默化。从某种意义上说，提高英语写作能力无捷径可走，你必须大段背诵英语文章才能逐渐形成语感和用英语进行表达的能力。这一关，没有任何人能代替你过。

因此，建议你下点苦功夫，把背单词的精神拿出来背诵文章。何况，并不是要求你背了之后永远牢记在心：你可以这个星期背，下个星期忘。这没有关系，相信你的大脑具有神奇的能力。背了工具箱里的文章后，你会惊讶的发现：I can think in English now！

1.?????? Proverbs

1. A graduation ceremony is an event where the commencement speaker tells thousands of students dressed in identical caps and gowns that individuality is the key to success.

2. The primary purpose of a liberal education is to make one’s mind a pleasant place in which to spend one’s time.

3. Next in importance to freedom and justice is popular education, without which neither freedom nor justice can be permanently maintained.

4. The classroom--not the trench--is the frontier of freedom now and forevermore.

5. Education’s purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one.

6. It is the purpose of education to help us become autonomous, creative, inquiring people who have the will and intelligence to create our own destiny.

7. You see, real ongoing, lifelong education doesn’t answer questions; it provokes them.

8. People will pay more to be entertained than educated.

9.the most important function of education at any level is to develop the personality of the individual and the significance of his life to himself and to others. This is the basic architecture of a life; the rest is ornamentation and decoration of the structure.

10. The essence of our efforts to see that every child has a chance must be to assure each as equal opportunity, not to become equal, but to become different-to realize whatever unique potential of body, mind, and spirit he or she possesses.

11. A great teacher never strives to explain his vision-he simply invites you to stand beside him and see for yourself.

12. If you can read and don’, you are an illiterate by choice.

2. Damaging Research

A study by National Parent-Teacher Organization revealed that in the average American school, eighteen negatives are identified for every positive that is pointed out. The Wisconsin study revealed that when children enter the first grade, 80 percent of them feel pretty good themselves, but by the time they get to the sixth grade, only 10 percent of them have good self-images.

3. Education and Citizenship

An important aspect of education in the United States is the relationship between education and citizenship. Throughout its history this nation has emphasized public education as a means of transmitting democratic values, creating equality of opportunity, and preparing new generations of citizens to function in society. In addition, the schools have been expected to help shape society itself. During the 1950s, for example, efforts to combat racial segregation focused on the schools. Later, when the Soviet Union launched the first orbiting satellite, American schools and colleges came under intense pressure and were offered many incentives to improve their science and mathematics programs so that the nations would not fall behind the Soviet Union in scientific and technological capabilities.

Education is often viewed as a tool for solving social problems, especially social inequality. The schools, t is thought, can transform young people from vastly different backgrounds into competent, upwardly mobile adults. Yet these goals seem almost impossible to attain. In recent years, in fact, public education has been at the center of numerous controversies arising from the gap between the ideal and the reality. Part of the problem is that different groups in society have different have different expectations. Some feel that children should be taught basic job-related skills; still others believe education should not only prepare children to compete in society but also help them maintain their cultural identity (and, in the case of Hispanic children, their language). On the other hand, policymakers concerned with education emphasize the need to increase the level of student achievement and to improve parents in their children’s education.

Some reformers and critics have called attention to the need to link formal schooling with programs designed to address social problems. Sociologist Charles Moscos, for example, is a leader in the movement to expand programs like the Peace Corps, Vista, and Outward Bound into a system of voluntary national service. National service, as Moscos defines it, would entail “the full-time undertaking of public duties by young people whether as citizen soldiers or civilian servers-who are paid subsistence wages” and serve for at least one year. In return for this period of service, the volunteers would receive assistance in paying for college or other educational expenses.

Advocates of national service and school-to-work programs believe that education does not have to be confined to formal schooling. In devising strategies to provide opportunities for young people to serve their society, they emphasize the educational value of citizenship experiences gained outside the classroom. At this writing there is little indication that national service will become a new educational institution in the United States, although the concept is steadily gaining support among educators and social critics.

4. The Teacher’s Role

Given the undeniable importance of classroom experience, sociologists have done a considerable amount of research on what goes on in the classroom. Often they start from the premise that, along with the influence of peers, students’ experiences in the classroom are of central importance to their later development. One study examined the impact of a single first-grade teacher on her students’ subsequent adult status. The surprising results of this study have important implications. It is evident that good teachers can make a big difference in children’s lives, a fact that gives increased urgency to the need to improve the quality of primary-school teaching. The reforms carried out by educational leaders like James Comer suggest that when good teaching is combined with high levels of parental involvement the results can be even more dramatic.

Because the role of the teacher is to change the learner in some way, the teacher-student relationship is an important part of education. Sociologists have pointed out that this relationship is asymmetrical or unbalanced, with the teacher being in a position of authority and the student having little choice but to passively absorb the information provided by the teacher. In other words, in conventional classrooms there is little opportunity for the students to become actively involved in the learning process. On the other hand, students often develop strategies for undercutting the teacher’s authority: mentally withdrawing, interrupting, and the like. Hence, much current research assumes that students and teachers influence each other instead of assuming that the influence is always in a single direction.

5. Education Philosophy

For the past fifty years our schools have operated on the theories of John Dewey (1859-1953), an American educator and writer. Dewey believed hat the school’s job was to enhance the natural development of the growing child, rather than to pour information, for which the child had no context, into him or her. In the Dewey system, the child becomes the active agent in his own education, rather than a passive receptacle for facts.

Consequently, American schools are very enthusiastic about teaching “life skills” –logical thinking, analysis, creative problem--solving. The actual content of the lessons is secondary to the process, which is supposed to train the child to be able to handle whatever life may present, including all the unknowns of the future. Students and teachers both regard pure memorization as an uncreative and somewhat vulgar.

In addition to “life skills”, schools are assigned to solve the ever growing stoke of social problems. Racism, teenage pregnancy, alcoholism, drug use, reckless driving, and are just a few of the modern problems that have appeared on the school curriculum.

This all contributes to a high degree of social awareness in American youngsters.

6. Student Life

To the students, the most notable difference between elementary school and the higher levels is that in junior high they start “changing classes”. This means that rather than spending the day in one classroom, they switch classrooms to meet their different teachers. This gives them three or four minutes between classes in the hallways, where a great deal of the important social action of high school traditionally takes place. Students have lockers in these hallways, around which thy congregate.

Society in general does not take the business of studying very seriously. Schoolchildren have a great deal of free time, which they are encouraged to fill with extracurricular activities—sports, clubs, cheerleading, scouts—supposed to inculcate such qualities as leadership, sportsmanship, ability to organize, etc. those who don’t become engaged in such activities or have afterschool jobs have plenty of opportunity to “hang out”, listen to teenager music, and watch television.

Compared to other nations, American students do not have much homework. Studies also show that American parents have lower expectations for their children’s success in school than other nationalities do. (Historically, there has not been much correlation between American school success and success in later life.) “He’s just not a scholar”, the American parents might say, content that their son is on the swim team and doesn’t take drugs. (Some of the young do choose to study hard, for reason of their own, such as determining that the road to riches lies through Harvard Business School.)

What American schools do effectively teach is the competitive method. In innumerable ways children are pitted against each other—whether in classroom discussion, spelling bees, reading groups, or tests. Every classroom is expected to produce a scattering of A’s and F’s (teachers often grade A=excellent; B=good; C=average; D=poor; and F=failed). A teacher who gives all A’s looks too soft—so students are aware that they are competing for the limited number of top marks.

Foreign students sometimes don’t understand that copying from other people’s papers or from books is considered wrong and taken seriously. Here, it is important to show that you have done your own work and are displaying your own knowledge. It is more important than helping your friends to pass, whom we think do not deserve to pass unless they can provide their own answers. Group effort goes against the competitive grain, and American students do not study together as many Asians do. Many Asians in this country consider their group study habits a large contributor to their school success.

7. Adult Education

After complaining about many aspects of American life, a 40-year-old woman from Hong Kong concluded, “But where else could someone my age go back to school and get a degree in social work? Here you can change your whole life, start a new business, do what you really want to do.”

So at least to this person, school requirements weren’t inhibiting. And to millions of others, adult education is the path to a new career, or if not to a new career, to a new outlook. Schools generally encourage the older person who wants to start anew, and besides regular classes, schedule evening classes in special programs. Today there are so many people of retirement age in college that it is no longer remarkable.

8. Moral Relativism in American

Improving American education requires not doing new things but doing (and remembering) some good old things. At the time of our nation’s founding, Thomas Jefferson listed the requirements for a sound education in the Report of the Commissioners for the University of Virginia. In this landmark statement on American education, Jefferson wrote of the importance of education and writing, and of reading history, and geography. But he also emphasized the need “to instruct the mass of our citizens in these, their rights, interests, and duties, as men and citizens.” Jefferson believed education should aim at the improvement of both one’s “morals” and “faculties”. That has been the dominant view of the aims of American education for over two centuries. But a number of changes, most of them unsound, have diverted schools from these great pursuits. And the story of the loss of the school’s original moral mission explains a great deal.

Starting in the early seventies, “values clarification” programs started turning up in schools all over America. According to this philosophy, the schools were not to take part in their time-honored task of transmitting sound moral values; rather, they were to allow the child to “clarify” his own values (which adults, including parents, had no “rights” to criticize). The “values clarification” movement didn’t clarify values; it clarified wants and desires. This form of moral relativism said, in effect, that no set of values was right or wrong; everybody had an equal right to his own values; and all values were subjective, relative, and personal. This destructive view took hold with a vengeance.

In 1985 The York Times published an article quoting New York area educators, in slavish devotion to this new view, proclaiming, “They deliberately avoid trying to tell students what is ethically right and wrong.” The article told of one counseling session involving fifteen high school juniors and seniors. In the course of that session a student concluded that a fellow student had been foolish to return one thousand dollars she found in a purse at school. According to the article, when the youngsters asked the counselor’s opinion, “He told them he believed the girl had done the right thing, but that, of course, he would not try to force his values on them. ‘If I come from the position of what is wrong,’ he explained, ‘then I’m not their counselor.’”

Once upon a time, a counselor offered counselor, and he knew that an adult does not form character in the young by taking a stance of neutrality toward questions of right and wrong or by merely offering “choices” or “options”.

In response to the belief that adults and educators should teach children sound morals, one can expect from some quarters indignant objections (I’ve heard one version of it expressed countless times over the years): “Who are you to say what’s important?” or “Whose standards and judgments do we use?”

The correct response, it seems to me, is, is we ready to do away with standards and judgments? Is anyone going to argue seriously that a life of cheating and swindling is as worthy as a life of honest, hard work? Is anyone (with the exception of some literature professors at our elite universities) going to argue seriously the intellectual corollary, that a Marvel comic book is as good as Macbeth? Unless we are willing to embrace some pretty silly position, we’ve got to admit the need for moral and intellectual standards. The problem is that some people tend to regard anyone who would pronounce a definitive judgment as an unsophisticated Philistine or a closed-minded “elitist” trying to impose his view on everybody else.

The truth of the real world is that without standards and judgments, there can be no progress. Unless we are prepared to say irrational things—that nothing can be proven more valuable than anything else or that everything is equally worthless—we must ask the normative question. It may come, as a surprise to those who fell that to be “progressive” is to be value-neutral. But as Matthew Amold said, “the world is forwarded by having its attention fixed on the best things” and if the world can’t decide what the best things are, at least to some degree, then it follows that progress, and character, is in trouble. We shouldn’t be reluctant to declare that some things, some lives, books, ideas, and values are better than others. It is the responsibility of the schools to teach these better things.

At one time, we weren’t so reluctant to teach them. In the mid-nineteenth century, a diverse, widespread group of crusaders began to work for the public support of what was then called the “common school”, the forerunner of the public school. They were to be charged with the mission of school felt that the nation could fulfill its destiny only if every new generation was taught these values together in a common institution.

The leaders of the common school movement were mainly citizens who were prominent in their communities—businessmen, ministers, local civic and government officials. These people saw the schools as upholders of standards of individual morality and small incubators of civic and personal virtue; the founders of the public schools had faith that public education could teach good moral and civic character from a common ground of American values.

But in the past quarter century or so, some of the so-called experts became experts of value neutrality, and moral education was increasingly left in their hands. The commonsense view of parents and the publicthat schools should reinforce rather than undermine the values of home, family, and country, was increasingly rejected.

There are those today still that claim we are now too diverse a nation, that we consist of too many competing convictions and interests to instill common values. They are wrong. Of course we are a diverse people. We have always been a diverse people. And as Madison wrote in FederalistNo.10, the competing, balancing interests of a diverse people can help ensure the survival of liberty. But there are values that all American citizens share and that we should want all American students to know and to make their own: honesty, fairness, self-discipline, fidelity to task, friends, and family, personal responsibility, love of country, and belief in the principles of liberty, equality, and the freedom to practice one’s faith. The explicit teaching of these values is the legacy of the common schools, and it is a legacy to which we must return.

9. Schools Should Teach Values

People often said, “Yes, we should teach these values, but how do we teach them?” this question deserves a candid response, one that isn’t given often enough. It is by exposing our children to good character and inviting its imitation that we will transmit to them a moral foundation. This happens when teachers and principals, by their words and actions, embody sound convictions. As Oxford’s Mary Warnock has written, “You cannot teach morality without being committed to morality yourself; and you cannot be committed to morality yourself without holding that some things are right and others wrong.” The theologian Martin Buber wrote that the educator is distinguished from all other influences “by his will to take part in the stamping of character and by his consciousness that he represents in the eyes of the growing person a certain selection of what is, the selection of what is ‘right’, of what should be.” It is in this will, Buber says, in this clear standing for something, that the “vocation as an educator finds its fundamental expression.”

There is no escaping the fact that young people need as example principals and teachers who know the difference between right and wrong, good and bad, and who themselves exemplify high moral purpose.

As Education Secretary, I visited a class at Waterbury Elementary School in Waterbury, Vermont, and asked the students, “Is this a good school?” They answered, “Yes, this is a good school.” I asked them, “Why?” Among other things, one eight-year-old said, “The principal Mr. Riegel, makes good rules and everybody obeys them.” So I said, “Give me an example.” And another answered, “You can’t climb on the pipes in the bathroom. We don’t climb on the pipes and the principal doesn’t either.”

This example is probably too simple to please a lot of people who want to make the topic of moral education difficult, but there is something profound in the answer of those children, something education should pay more attention to. You can’t expect children to take messages about rules or morality seriously unless they see adults taking those rules seriously in their day-to-day affairs. Certain must be said, certain limits lay down, and certain examples set. There is no other way.

We should also do a better job at curriculum selection. The research shows that most “values education” exercises and separate courses in “moral reasoning” tend not to affect children’s behavior; if anything, they may leave children morally adrift. Where to turn? I believe our literature and our history are a rich quarry of moral literacy. We should mine that quarry. Children should have at their disposal a stock of examples illustrating what we believe to be right and wrong, good and bad—examples illustrating what are morally right and wrong can indeed be known and that there is a difference.

What kind of stories, historical events, and famous lives am I talking about? If we want our children to know about honesty, we should teach them about Abe Lincoln walking three miles to return six cents and conversely, about Aesop’s shepherd boy who cried wolf if we want them to know about courage, we should teach them about Joan of Arc, Horatius at the bridge, and Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad. If we want them to know about persistence in the face of adversity, they should know about the voyages of Columbus and the character of Washington during the Civil War. And our youngest should be told about the Little Engine That Could. If we want them to know about respect for the law, they should understand why Socrates told Crito: “No, I must submit to the decree of Athens.” If we want our children to respect the rights of others, they should read the Declaration of Independence, the Bill of Rights, the Gettysburg Address, and Martin Luther King, Jr.’ “Letter from Birmingham jail.” From the Bible they should know about Ruth’s loyalty to Naomi, Joseph’s forgiveness of his brothers, Jonathan’s friendship with David, the Good Samaritan’s kindness toward a stranger, and David’s cleverness and courage in facing Goliath.

These are only a few of the hundreds of examples we can call on. And we need not get into issues like nuclear war, abortion, creationism, or euthanasia. This may come as a disappointment to some people, but the fact is that the formation of character in young people is educationally a task different from, and prior to, the discussion of the great, difficult controversies of the day. First things come first. We should teach values the same way we teach other things: one step at a time. We should not use the fact that there are many difficult and controversial moral questions as an argument against basic instruction in the subject.

After all, we do not argue against teaching physics because laser physics is difficult, against teaching American history because there are heated disputes about the Founders’ intent. Every field has its complexities and its controversies. And every field has its basics, its fundamentals. So they are too with forming character and achieving moral literacy. As any parent knows, teaching character is a difficult task. But it is a crucial task, because we want our children to be healthy, happy, and successful but decent, strong, and good. None of this happens automatically; there is no genetic transmission of virtue. It takes the conscious, committed efforts of adults. It takes careful attention.

10. College Pressures

Mainly I try to remind that the road ahead is a long one and that it will have more unexpected turns than they think. There will be plenty of time to change jobs, change careers, change whole attitudes and approaches. They don not want to hear such liberating news. They want a map—right now – that they can follow unswervingly to career security, financial security, Social Security and, presumably, a prepaid grave.

What I wish for all students is some release from the clammy grip of the future. I wish them a chance to savor each segment of their education as an experience in itself and not as a grim preparation for the next step. I wish them the right to experiment, to trip and fall, to learn that defeat is as instructive as victory and is not the end of the world.

My wish, of course, is na?ve. One of the national gods venerated in our media—the million-dollar athlete, the wealthy executive—and glorified in our praise of possessions. In the presence of such a potent state religion, the young are growing up old.

I see four kinds of pressure working on college students today: economic pressure, parental pressure, peer pressure, and self-induced pressure. It is easy to look around for villains—to blame the colleges for charging too much money, the professors for assigning too much work, the parents for pushing their children too far, and the students for driving themselves too hard. But there are no villains: only victims.

“In the late 1960s.” one dean told me. “The typical question that I got from students was ‘Why is there so much suffering in the world’ or ‘how I can make a contribution?’ Today it’s ‘Do you think it would look better for getting into law school if I did a double major in history and political science, or just majored in one of them?’” many other deans confirmed this pattern. One said: “They are trying to find an edge—the intangible something that will look better on paper if two students are about equal.”

Note the emphasis on looking better. The transcript has become a sacred document, the passport to security. How one appears on paper is more important than how one appears in person. A is for Admirable and B is for Borderline, even though, in Yale’s official system of grading, A means “excellent” and B means “very good.” Today, looking very good is no longer good enough, especially for students who hope to go on to law school or medical school. They know that entrance into the better schools will be an entrance into the better law firms and better medical practices where they will make a lot of money. They also know that the odds are harsh. Yale Law School, for instance, matriculates 170students from an applicant pool of 3,700; Harvard enrolls 550 from a pool of 7,000.

It’s all very well for those of us who write letters of recommendation for our students to stress the qualities of humanity that will make them good lawyers or doctors. And it’s nice to think that admission officers are ready reading our letters and looking for the extra dimension of commitment or concern. Still, it would be hard for a student not to visualize these officers shuffling so many transcripts studded with As that they regard a B as positively shameful.

The pressure is almost as heavy on students who just want to graduate and get a job. Long gone are the days of the “gentleman’s C.” when students journeyed through college with a certain relaxation, sampling a wide variety of courses-music, art, philosophy, classics, anthropology, poetry, religion—that would send them out as liberally educated men and women. If I were an employer I would rather employ graduates who have this range and curiosity than those who narrowly pursued safe subjects and high grades. I know countless students whose inquiring minds exhilarate me. I like to hear the play of their ideas. I do not know if they are getting As or Cs, and I do not care. I also like them as people. The country needs them, and they will find satisfying jobs. I tell them to relax. They cannot.

Nor can I blame them. They live in a brutal economy. Tuition, room, and board at most private colleges now come to at least $7,000, not counting books and fees. This might seem to suggest that the colleges are getting rich. But they are equally battered by inflation. Tuition covers only 60 percent of what it costs to educate a student, and ordinarily the remainder comes from what college receives in endowments, grants, and gifts. Now, the remainder keeps being swallowed by the cruel costs—higher every year—of just opening the doors. Heating oil is up. Insurance is up. Postage is up. Health-premium costs are up. Everything is up. Deficits are up. We are witnessing in American the creation of a brotherhood of paupers—colleges, parents, and students, joined by the common bond of debt.

Today it is not unusual for a student, even if he works part time at college and full time during the summer, to accrue $5,000 in loans after four years—loans that he must start to repay within one year after graduation. Exhorted at commencement to go forth into the world, he is already behind as he goes forth. How could he not feel under pressure throughout college to prepare for this day of reckoning? I have used “he,” incidentally, only for brevity. Women at Yale are under no less pressure to justify their expensive education to themselves, their parents, and society. In fact, they are probably under more pressure. For although they leave college superbly equipped to bring fresh leadership to traditionally male jobs, society has not yet caught up with this fact.

Along with economic pressure goes parental pressure. Inevitably, the two are deeply intertwined.

I see many students taking pre-medical courses with joyless tenacity. They go off to their labs as if they were going to the dentist. It saddens me because I know tem in other corners of their life as cheerful people.

“Do you want to medical school?” I asked them.

“I guess so,” they say, without conviction, or “Not really.”

“Then why are you going?”

“Well, my parents want me to be a doctor. They are paying all this money and …”

Poor students, poor parents, they are caught in one of the oldest webs of love and duty and guilt. The parents mean will; they are trying to steer their sons and draughts toward a secure future. But the sons and daughter want to major in history or classics or philosophy—subjects with no “practical” value. Where’s the payoff on the humanities? It’s not easy to persuade such loving parents that the humanities do indeed pay off. The intellectual faculties developed by studying subjects like history and classics—an ability to synthesize and relate, to weigh cause and effect, to see events in perspective—are just the faculties that make creative leaders in business or almost any general field. Still, many fathers would rather put their money on courses that point toward specific profession—courses that are pre-law, pre-medical, pre-business, or, as I sometimes heard it put, “pre-rich.”

But the pressure on students is severe. They are truly torn. One part of them feels obliged to fulfill their parents’ expectations; after all, their parents are older and presumably wiser. Another part tells them that the expectations that are right for their parents are not right for them.

I know a student who wants to be an artist. She is very obviously an artist and will be a good one—she has already had several modest local exhibits. Meanwhile she is growing as a well-round person and taking humanistic subjects that will enrich the inner resources out of which her art will grow. But her father is strongly opposed. He thinks that an artist is a “dumb” thing to be. The student vacillates and tries to please everybody. She keeps up with her art somewhat furtively and takes some of the “dumb” courses her father wants her to take—at least they are dumb courses for her. She is a free spirit on a campus of tense students—no small achievement in it—and she deserves to follow her muse.

Peer pressure and self-induced pressure are also intertwined, and they begin almost at the beginning of freshman year.

“I had a freshman student I’ll call Linda,” one dean told me, “who came in and said she was under terrible pressure because her roommate, Barbara, was much brighter and studied all the time. I could not tell her that Barbara had come in two hours earlier to say the same thing about Linda.”

The story is almost funny—except that it is not. It is symptomatic of all the pressure put together. When every student thinks every other student is working harder and doing better, the only solution is to study harder still. I see students going off to the library every night after dinner and coming back when it closes at midnight. I wish they would sometimes forget about their peers and go to a movie. I hear the clacking of typewriters in the hours before dawn. I see the tension in their eyes when exams are approaching and papers are due: “Will I get everything done?”

Probably they won’t. They will get blocked. They will sleep. They will oversleep. They will bug out.

Part of the problem is that they are expected to do. A professor will assign five page papers. Several students will start writing ten page papers to impress him. Then more students will write ten page papers, and a few will raise the ante to fifteen. Pity the poor student who is still just doing the assignment.

“Once you have twenty or thirty percent of the student population deliberately overexerting,” one dean points out, “It’s bad for everybody. When a teacher gets more and more effort from his class, the student who is doing normal work can be perceived as not doing well. The tactic work, psychologically.”

Why cannot the professor just cut back and not accept longer papers? He can, and he probably will. But by then the term will be half over and the damage done. Grade fever is highly contagious and not easily reversed. Besides, the professor’s main concern is with his course. He knows his students only in relation to the course and does not know that they are also overexerting in their other courses. Nor is it really his business. He did not sign up for dealing with the student as a whole person and with all the emotional baggage the student brought along from home. That’s what deans, masters, chaplains, and psychiatrists are for.

To some extent this is nothing new: a certain number of professors have always been self-contained islands of scholarship and shyness, more comfortable with books than with people. But the new pauperism has widened the gap still further, for professors who actually like to spend time with students do not have as much time to spend. They are also overexerting. If they are young, they are busy trying to publish in order not to perish, hanging by their figure nails onto a shrinking profession.

If they are old and tenured, they are buried under the duties of administering departments—as departmental chairmen or members of committees—that have been thinned out by the budgetary axe.

Ultimately it will be the students’ own business to break the circles in which they are trapped. They are too young to be prisoners of their parents’ dreams and their classmates’ fears. They must be jolted into believing into themselves as unique men and women who have the power to shape their own future.

“Violence is being done to the undergraduate experience,” says Carlos Hortas. “College should be open-ended: at the end it should open many, many roads. Instead, students are choosing their goal in advance, and their choices narrow as they go along. It’s almost as if they think that the country has been codified in the type of jobs that exist-that they’ve got to fit into certain slots. Therefore, fit into the best paying slot.”

“They ought to take chances. Not taking chances will lead to life of colorless mediocrity. They’ll be comfortable. But something in the spirit will be missing.”

I have painted too drab a portrait of today’s students, making them seem a solemn lot. That is only half of their story; if they were so dreary I wouldn’t so thoroughly enjoy their company. The other half is that they are easy to like. They are quick to laugh and to offer friendship. They are not introverts. They are usually kind and are more considerate of one another than any student generation I have known.

Nor are they so obsessed with their studies that they avoid sports and extracurricular activities. On the contrary, they juggle their crowded hours to play on a variety of teams, perform with musical and dramatic groups, and write for campus publications. But this in turn is one more cause of anxiety. There are too many choices. Academically, they have 1,300 courses to select from; outside class they have to decide how much spare time they can spare and how to spend it.

This means that they engage in fewer extracurricular pursuits than their predecessors did. If they want to row on the crew and play in the symphony they will eliminate one; in the ‘60s they would have done both. They also tend to choose activities that are self-limiting. Drama, for instance, is flourishing in all twelve of Yale’s residential colleges, as it never has before. Students hurl themselves into these productions—as actors, directors, carpenters, and technicians—with a dedication to create the best possible play, knowing that the day will come when the run will end and they can get back to their studies.

They also cannot afford to be the willing slave of organizations like the Yale Daily News. Last spring at the one-hundredth anniversary banquet of that paper—who’s past chairmen include such once and future kings as Potter Stewart, Kingman Brewster, and William F. Buckley, Jr.—much was made of the fact that the editorial staff used to be small and totally committed and that “newsies” routinely worked fifty hours a week. In effect they belonged to a club; Newsies is how they defined themselves at Yale. Today’s students will one or two articles a week, when he can, and he defines himself as a student. I’ve never heard the word Newsie except at the banquet.

If I have described the modern undergraduate primarily as a driven creature who is largely ignoring the blithe spirit inside who keeps trying to come out and play, it’s because that’s where the crunch is, not only at Yale but throughout American education. It’s why I think we should all be worried about the values that are nurturing a generation so fearful of risk and so goal-obsessed at such an early age.

I tell students that there is no one “right” way to get ahead—that each of them is a different person, starting from a different point and bound for a different destination. I tell neither them that change is a tonic and that all the slots are not codified nor the frontiers closed. One of my ways of telling them is to invite men and women who have achieved success outside the academic world to come and talk informally with my students during the year. They are heads of companies or ad agencies, editors of magazines, politicians, public officials, television magnates, labor leaders, business executives, Broadway products, artists, writers, economists, photographers, scientists, historians—a mixed bag of achievers.

I asked them to say a few words about how they got started. The students assume that they started in their present profession and knew all along that it was what they wanted to do. Luckily for me, most of them got into their field by a circuitous route, to their surprise, after many detours. The students are startled. They can hardly conceive of a career that was not pre-planned. They can hardly imagine allowing the hand of God or chance to nudge them down some unforeseen trail.

11. To Err Is Wrong

In the summer of 1979, Boston Red Sox first baseman Carl Yastrzemski became the fifteenth player in baseball history to reach the three thousand hit plateaus. This event drew a lot of media attention, and for about a week prior to the attainment of this goal, hundreds of reports covered Yaz’s every more. Finally, one reporter asked, “Hey Yaz, aren’t you afraid all of this attention will go to your head?” Yastrzemski replied, “I look at this way: in my career I’ve been up to bat over ten thousand times. That means I’ve been unsuccessful at the plate over seven thousand times. That fact alone keeps me from getting a swollen head.”?

Most people consider success and failure as opposites, but they are actually both products of the same process. As Yaz suggest, an activity that produces a hit may also produce a miss. It is the same with creative thinking; the same energy that generates good creative ideas also produces errors.

Many people, however, are not comfortable with errors. Our educational system, based on “the right answer” belief, cultivates our thinking in another, more conservative way. From an early age, we are taught that right answers are good and incorrect answers are bad. This value is deeply embedded in the incentive system used in most schools:

Right over 90% of the time = “A”

Right over 80% of the time = “B~”

Right over 70% of the time = “C~” Right over 60% of the time = “D~” Less than 60% correct, you fail.

From this we learn to be right as often as possible and to keep our mistakes to a minimum. We learn, in other words, that “to err is wrong.

Playing It Safe

With this kind of attitude, you aren’t going to be taking too many chances. If you learn that failing even a litter penalizes you (e.g., being wrong only 15% of the time garners you only a “B” performance), you learn not to make mistakes. And more important, you learn not to put yourself to situation where you might fall. This leads to conservative thought pattern designed to avoid the stigma our society puts on “failure”.

I have a friend who recently graduated from college with a Master’s degree in Journalism. For the last six month, she has been trying to find a job, but to no avail. I talked with her about situation, and realized that her problem is that she doesn’t know how to fail. She went through eighteen years of schooling to try any approaches where she might fail. She has been conditioned to believe that failure is bad in and of itself, rather than a potential stepping-stone to new ideas.

Look around. How many middle managers, housewives, administrators, teachers, and other people do you see who are to try anything new because of this failure? Most of us have learned not to make mistakes in public. As a result, we remove ourselves from many learning experience except for those occurring in the most private of circumstances.

Different Logic

From a practical point of view, “to err is wrong” makes sense. Our survival in the everyday world requires us to perform thousand of small tasks without failure. Think about it: you wouldn’t last very long if you were to step out in front of traffic or stick your hand a pot of boiling water. In addition, engineers whose bridges collapse, stock brokers who lose money for their clients, and copywriters whose ad campaigns decrease sales won’t keep their jobs very long.

Nevertheless, too great an adherence to the belief “to err is wrong” can greatly undermine your attempts to generate new ideas. If you are more concerned with producing right answers than generating original ideas, you’ll probably make uncritical use of the rules, formulae, and procedures used to obtain these right answers. By doing this, you’ll by-pass the germinal phase of the creative process, and thus spend litter time testing assumptions, challenging the rules, asking what-if questions, or just playing around with the problem. All of these techniques will produce some incorrect answers, but in the germinal phase errors are viewed as a necessary by-product of creative thinking. As Yaz would put it, “if you want the hits, be prepared for the misses.” That’s the way the game of life goes.

Errors as Stepping Stones

Whenever an error pops up, the usual response is “Jeez, another screw up, what went wrong this time?” the creative thinker, on the other hand, will realize the potential value of errors, and perhaps say something like, “Would you look at that! Where can it lead our thinking?” and then he or she will go on to use the error as a stepping stone to a new idea. As a matter of fact, the whole history of discovery is filed with people who used erroneous assumptions and failed ideas as stepping-stones to new ideas. Columbus thought he was finding a shorter route to India. Johannes Kepler stumbled on to the idea of interplanetary gravity because of assumptions that were right for the wrong reasons. And, Thomas Edison knew 1800 ways not to build a light bulb.

The following story about the automotive genius Charles Kettering exemplifies the spirit of working through erroneous assumptions to good ideas. In 1912, when the automobile industry was just beginning to grow, Kettering was interested in improving gasoline engine efficiency. The problem he faced was“knockthe phenomenon in which gasoline takes too long to burn in the cylinder-thereby reducing efficiency.

Kettering began searching for ways to eliminate the “knock.” He thought to him, “How can I get the gasoline to combust in the cylinder at an earlier time?” the key concept here is “early”. Searching for analogous situations, he looked around for models of “things that happen early.” He thought of historical models, physical models, and biological models. Finally, he remembered a particular plant, the trailing arbutus, which “happens early,” i.e., it blooms in the snow (“earlier” than other plants). One of this plant’s chief characteristics is its’ red leaves, which help the plant retain light at certain wavelengths. Kettering figured that it must be the red color, which made the trailing arbutus bloom earlier.

Now came the critical step in Kettering’s chain of thought. He asked himself, “How can I make the gasoline red?” perhaps I’ll put red dye in the gasoline—maybe that’ll make it combust earlier.” He looked around his workshop, and found that he didn’t have any red dye. But he did happen to have some iodine—perhaps that would do. He added the iodine to the gasoline and, lo and behold, the engine didn’t “knock”.

[英语作文写作的需要背诵的部分

虽然降雪已经停止，但其对交通的影响在今天早高峰依然持续。记者了解到，目前依然有4条高速和1条国道临时封闭，首都机场今天上午的航班仍然非正常运行。

截至目前，京港澳高速、京开高速，京津高速、京沪高速、六环路，临时封闭措施均已解除。

采取封闭措施的路段有：京藏高速西关环岛至市界双向，京平高速吴各庄到市界双向，京哈高速白鹿到市界双向，京昆高速六环到市界双向。京加路国道的怀柔段汤河口至河防口双向临时封闭措施仍在持续。

因今天早高峰遭遇“地穿甲”，追尾等轻微事故报警增加，部分路段陷入了严重拥堵，尤其是二环内、机场高速拥堵时间较长。但因部分自驾车市民转为地铁出行，早高峰全市平均拥堵指数并不高。

今早的地铁不好坐。据乘客李女士介绍，她像往常一样在苹果园乘坐一号线，但站外出现大队等候进站的乘客，大约排了10分钟才进站。乘客胡先生在蒲黄榆站也遇到同样问题，他描述，站外限流时间过长，有乘客大声呼喊“放我们进去，我们要上班!”

据北京交通委官方微博信息显示，今日早高峰，轨道交通国贸站(10号线换1号线)、宣武门站(4号线换2号线)、东单站(5号线换1号线)、惠新西街南口站(10号线换5号线劲松方向)、知春路站换乘通道内乘客较多。

记者另从首都机场了解到，机场降雪已全部停止，但降雪对航班造成的影响还未结束，上午已经取消航班120余架次，乘客出行前务必与航空公司确认航班状态。

尊敬的老师：

您好!

您好!

一，作为一个学生，上课是我的义务，也是我的最基本的责任。一个学生，他不上课，如何能获得知识，他如何能与同学们进行交流，他如何能够继续努力进步?上课是我获得知识的最重要的途径，然而我却没有意识到这一点，罔顾学校的规章制度，无视班级的管理条例，这是我的第一大错。

二，私自脱逃，无视班委的存在。班委是经过选举被选出来的有出色能力和富有责任感的同学，他们兢兢业业的服务同学管理班级，他们勤勤恳恳默默无闻的为班级贡献了他们的汗水和努力，他们是班级的引领者。作为一个有责任心的班委，做好考勤工作，确认每一个缺席的同学都有不出席理由是他们的职责，而我，一个做出了令人发指的行为的拖班级后腿的学生，没有对自己的早退行为做出任何解释，让班委替我承担了如此重大的责任，此为第二大错。我愧对于班委的无私奉献，愧对于他们的勤奋拼搏，和他们相比，更加反衬出我的愚昧无知，无组织无纪律。

如果时间能够重来，那么，在那一刻，我绝对不会选择早退，如果时光能够重来，那么，在那一刻，我必定坚守自己的意志，抑制逃跑的冲动，如果时光能够重来，那么，在那一刻，人性的光辉一定会洗涤我蒙尘的心灵，教导我如何做一个称职的学生。然而，时光不能重来。因此我，在认识到自己的错误之后，唯有向您保证，我绝对不会再犯相同的错误。

检讨人：ooo

20oo年o月o日

根据《EI》对英文摘要的写作要求，英文摘要的写作并没有一成不变的格式，但一般来说，英文摘要是对原始文献不加诠释或评论的准确而简短的概括并要求它能反映原始文献的主要信息。

2.1. 英语毕业论文——目的(What I want to do?)

目的。主要说明作者写作此文的目的，或本文主要解决的问题。一般来说，一篇好的英文摘要，一开头就应该把作者本文的目的或要解决的主要问题非常明确地交待清楚。必要时，可利用论文中所列的最新文献，简要介绍前人的工作，但这种介绍一定要极其简练。在这方面，《EI》提出了两点具体要求：

2.1.1) Eliminate or minimize background information(不谈或尽量少谈背景信息)。

2.1.2) Avoid repeating the title or part of the titlein the first sentence of the abstract(避免在摘要的第一句话重复使用题目或题目的一部分)。

尊敬的各位领导

你们好!

x月xx日，在工作中，我不仅没有认真投入工作，离岗回来时忘记带静电手环，并被ipqc发现。

给您写下这份检讨书，以此来向您表示我对工作不认真，忘记带静电手环这种错误行为的深刻认识和我改正错误的决心。

在这个月我以经是第二次犯错，上次是因为没有开离子风扇，这次是离岗回岗位的时候忘记带静电手环就开始作业，做了不到5片产品，就被ipqc稽核了。在经过站长的批评和教育之后，我已经深刻的认识到自己的错误，并决心改正。

其实早在进富士康的时候就已经学习过工作中注意的事项。上班名点的时候站长就强调要带好静电手环、看看离子风扇开了没有、工作时不要忘记擦cg保护膜等等。站长的指导言犹在耳，我却还是违反了工作事项，经过领导的教育与我的思考之后，我已经深刻认识到错误的严重性。

不带静电手环是对自己安全的不负责任，也会对产品造成不良。我知道我错了。在这里也很感激负责监督的管理能及时发现我所犯的错，给了我一次知错改过的机会，以后要多向他学习、对工作的负责、认真。我并不想为自己找什么所谓的借口，我明白。一旦犯了错无论处于什么原因和情况下都不应该再多说些什么，错了就是错了，谁也改变不了这个事实，要勇于认错、吸取错误教训。其实我进入本公司也有一段时间了，在这段时间的工作中和同事们的合作中，我感到很温馨很愉快，真的确实有点家的感觉。当然这些都是通过各位工友和各位领导的共同努力来实现的，集体的力量是无穷的，当然集体是由每一个人都团结起来组成的，不要因为一个人而破坏了集体的规距和影响公司的制度。其实我也很想说，我就是集体的一员，不管什么时候都应该把自己的事情做好，让管理放心，为团体奉献一份自己的力量，要时刻记着公司的规定并自觉的严格遵守。当然这些也是我上级经常向我们提出到的，我应该向那些表现好的、工作积极的工友们学习。以后我会更加努力的。

检讨人：XXX

日期：XX年X月X日

一.迟到原因：我们总是把个人的困难凌驾于公司规章制度上，置广大公司员工的集体利益于不顾，置公司领导的威信尊严于不顾;自我放纵、丢弃原则。这是很不应该的，我应该以此为戒，努力做到不再犯这种错误。1.客观原因：由于晚上玩的太晚，闹钟没调好，至于身体不适、时间不好掌握等等就另当别论。2.主观原因：这件事，虽然是一件不太好的事情，但同时也是长期以来对自己放松要求，工作做风涣散的必然结果，这种不良思潮的最直接表现就是工作生活中的细节方面!思想觉悟不高，对重要事项重视严重不足，就算是有认识，也没能在行动上真正实行起来。根本原因是因为本人对他人尊重不足。通过此事也说明我的工作态度还不够认真，自己在工作责任心上仍就非常欠缺。没有把自己的工作做好，只顾自己，置公司规定的原则于不顾，自私自利。我对我个人犯下的这个错误感到后悔与遗憾。我应该把所有能阻碍自己准时到达公司的情况都考虑到，这样才不会迟到。

二.后果：1.对公司的后果无论开会上班迟到反应了对于公司规章制度的重视程度表现，对工作的认真负责程度，我这种行为在公司造成及其坏的影响，破坏公司的形象。同事之间本应该互相学习，互相促进，由于我一个人的错，有可能造成别的同事的效仿，影响公司纪律性，也是对别的同事间接的一种不负责任，不利于公司发展。此外，我也看到了这件事的恶劣影响，如果在各个会议或工作上，大家都迟到一会儿，那怎么能及时把工作做好呢。同时，如果在我们这个集体中形成了这种无组织，纪律观念，为所欲为的不良风气，我们工作的提高将无从谈起。因此，这件事的后果是严重的。2.对个人的后果这种不良习惯会影响到我的积极性，因此会影响自己的前途。影响个人综合水平的提高，使自身在本能提高的条件下未能得到提高。如果我们每天都这样，那我们一年的工作也就不要干了。现在，我深深感到，这是一个非常危险的倾向!如果放任自己继续放纵和发展，那么，后果是极其严重的，甚至都无法想象会发生怎样的工作失误。我对我个人迟到所犯下的这个严重错误感到痛心疾首，感到无比遗憾，感到非常可耻，感到无以复加的后悔与悲痛。

老婆大人：

我本着对你极具崇高得爱意和感激，对你此番生气做出了以下检讨。

近来几日被你折磨残缺不堪的身躯，精神和肉体双重折磨下的我，已经再也无法反抗你老人家的威信，在你大力有方的领导教育下，我苟且偷生过、我忍辱负重过、我想从奴隶变成主人过、结果全都一一被你残酷及铁血得暴—力镇—压了下来。

最后一次的镇—压，迫使我反抗你的坚定决心有所改变，因为我终于明白了一个道理，现在的社会，你们女人口口声声说，男女平等，但你们知道吗?现在的男人是女人，女人现在是“野人”你们已经在口号中变得强悍了。

当我想起你是一个，从上古时期乃至现代社会武功和暗器基于一身得高手时，我浑身就颤抖不已，特别你的拿手独门武功“温柔十八掐”在发功时，面带微笑，慢慢的向我靠近，当我敞开怀抱迎接你到来之时，你以迅雷不及掩耳之势，向我胳膊上得皮肤发动惨目人睹外加严酷得攻击，抓住皮肤表面一块皮肉，以360度旋转，完成与结束只用了1秒钟，当我回过神，看向受伤处，皮肤有方圆6公分大面积的火烧感，疼痛猛烈的向我的心脏和大脑严重的冲击着。等我刚想展开国骂时，你面色苍白，双眼雾水隆重，眼看就像大坝决提，洪水正在做等待之势，一副楚楚可怜面孔，我又于心何忍?

我也曾想过向岳父、岳母大人上书，但终究没能如愿，那晚我在桌上写着你的万卷书，上面记载着你的种种罪行，写到伤心处，大声哭出，你闻声而来查看，被你发现之后，非但没安慰或有悔改之心，反而遭来你另一大绝招，“飞腿”。你那毁天灭地得一击，我差点无法接应，如今想想我还后怕!

纵使你千错万错，到头来还是我的错，我不应该在你吃鬼子的空卜的时候，说空卜有什么用吃了几天还不是这样，也不应该把你最喜欢的“狼爱上羊”说成“狼爱上羊崽子”我已记不清我签下多少不平等条约、写了多少份检讨，我想我是在茅房旁边打地铺，离(屎)死不远了，我也想发“粪”图强!可你永远都是那终极版BOSS，还没等我有反抗的机会，你就把我秒杀个彻底了。

从今开始老婆说的话，我绝对服从，答应老婆的事情，一定做到，老婆的教诲，一定记住，说给老婆的话，一定真心;决不欺骗老婆，不顶撞老婆，不对老婆大声大吼。

主动承担家务，主动陪老婆逛街，所有工资都上交;老婆不开心的时候要哄老婆开心，老婆开心的时候要陪老婆一起开心。

此致!

敬礼!

检讨人：__

20__年__月__日

尊敬的张副局长：

我怀着十二万分的愧疚以及十二万分的感谢向你写下这份检讨书，我为自己没有经过局上领导的同意和提交大额资金审批表情况下，就把学校用于勤工俭学的猪圈建盖起来的行为感到了深深地愧疚和不安，在此，我向张副局长做出深刻检讨：

自己身为一名校长，应该严以律已，对工作严格要求!然而自己没有按照程序进行，在没有取得局上领导的批准时，就先把猪圈建盖起来，由于自己的工作失误，给局上的领导带来了不便和造成了一定的影响，如果不是局上领导对我的支持和理解，我想我的工作开展起来是比较困难的。关于这次先斩后奏的报告，我也是有不得于的苦衷。首先，自己是个新校长，有迫切做事的思想，想尽快改变学校一些坏风气，加强学校食堂后勤管理，努力创造勤工俭学的条件，增加勤工俭学的收入，以此来缓解发放临时工工资的压力。在这种想法下开学后的第二天就找人建盖了猪圈，因时间紧，学校事情又多、又杂，也就没有及时提交大额资金审批表，没有按财务制度先审批后建盖的程序进行。对此我要深刻检讨自己，及时纠正，感谢局上领导对我的宽容和理解，但是我相信局上领导在了解我们学校实际情况后，对我的工作应该是持肯定态度的。

通过这件事，在今后的工作当中我会及时先向局上领导请求，取得同意后再实施，工作中要求严谨有序，这在我今后的校长工作成长道路上，无疑是一次经验的积累。所以，在此我向张副局长做出检讨的同时，也向你们表示发自内心的感谢。

检讨人：