检检讨书分几个部分(19篇)

师：好的，孩子们，把笔都放下。这就是文字的好处，这就是文章的力量。当它那么准确、那么细腻、那么传神地把刚才发生的那一幕，永远地保存下来的时候，孩子们，一年以后，十年以后，当你也做了爸爸妈妈的时候，你回过头来，你再去看——在2006年的10月29日的上午，你曾经上过那么一堂课，你曾经对自己那样说过。是的，假如刚才发生的这一幕、你所记下的那一段文字，请你为它起一个题目的话，孩子们，你打算把它叫什么？

生1：我打算把它叫做“圣洁的爱”。

师：圣洁的爱。（板书：圣洁的爱）

生1：因为我们每个人如果都会失去爱的话，心灵会一片空白，心会像一片死寂一样。就像沉入地狱。

师：说得好。“圣洁的爱”。这是他起的题目。你们呢？

生2：我准备取的题目是“舍去爱”，然后一个大大的问号。

（师板书：舍去爱？）

生2：因为我觉得在世间最难以割舍的就是亲人和朋友对自己的爱。假如把这些爱全割舍去了，会感觉自己的心里空空的，就像人没有了灵魂一样，只剩下了一个空空的壳在那里，那活在这个世上有什么意思呢？

师：是的，孩子，你长大了。眼泪让你长大了。是的，你曾经拥有那么一份爱，但是它们像空气一样的平常，它们像阳光一样的平淡，你可能视而不见，听而不闻。但是，今天你却开始思考，你思考人生的爱，所以在你的生活当中多了一个大大的问号。你长大了。真好。这是她的。你们的呢？

生3：我取的题目是“天堂和地狱的一刹那”。

（师板书：天堂和地狱的一刹那）

生3：我取这个题目的理由是，我们在画去每一个人的名字的时候，那个速度非常的快，而从天堂掉进地狱的速度也很快。那一刹那自己就变成了一个魔鬼，从人一下子变成了空空的。

师：是。所以由这一刹那，能体会到了爱对你的人生是多么的重要。老师相信，你会珍惜的。你也长大了。

生4：我取的题目是“爱的力量”。（师板书：爱的力量）因为我觉得爱的力量是很大的，它能让我们流泪，让我们联想，也能让我们写出很多自己内心不能说的话。

师：是的，这是你最真实的体验。所有的这一切都是爱的力量。

生5：我取的题目是“最真挚的泪水”。

（师板书：最真挚的泪水）

生5：我从小到大很少哭，哭的话一般都是因为爸爸妈妈打我，打得非常疼的时候我才会哭。一般情况下，再哭也就是因为灯光或者灰尘掉到眼睛里才会哭。很少很少就是说有一种想哭的冲动。今天是第一次。所以我取这个题目。

师：好。孩子，今天是第一次，让你体会到了什么叫“最真挚的泪水”。真好。这是她的。

生6：我选了两个名字，第一个名字是“亲情的名字叫天堂”——

师：“亲情的名字叫天堂”。（板书这个题目）

生6：或者是“亲情——引领我们飞向天堂的东西”。

师：还有一个名字是——

生6：亲情——引领我们飞向天堂的东西。

（师板书：亲情，让我们飞向天堂）

师：“东西”二个字就不要了，“亲情，让我们飞向天堂”。为什么？

生6：因为我认为，天堂它是很快乐的，而亲情正是带给我们不尽的快乐。

师：是。你刚才的文字已经告诉了你的一切理由。

生7：我取的名字叫“爱的抉择”。

师：“爱的抉择”。（板书这个题目）老师想问你一下，你为什么不用“选择”这个词，（板书：选择？）而要用“抉择”？

生7：我用“抉择”是因为选择一个东西很容易，可以随我们的喜好去选，而抉择非常艰难，我们要从五个我们所爱的人里面一一画去很多人，让我们感到很难过。

师：是的。你不但懂得了“抉择”的内涵，也懂得了人生和亲情的意义。孩子，你也长大了。是啊，孩子们，几乎在我们每一个起到的题目当中，都包含了一个字，那就是——（板书一个大大的“爱”字）

生（齐）：爱。

师：是的。“爱”就一个字。但是，这是一种怎样的爱？这是一种圣洁的爱，这是一种让我们能够为之流下最真挚的泪水的爱，这是一种叫做“天堂”的爱，这是一种能够把我们带向天堂、能够给我们以无限力量的爱。今天，在这样的爱的面前，我们每一个同学都经历了一番抉择，都感受了一番抉择，也都思考了这一番抉择。我很高兴，我也很感动。最让我高兴，最让我感动的不是你们写下的文字，而是你们流下的泪水。因为，你们真的长大了。

尊敬的数学老师：

我知错了，今天我怀着万分愧疚和懊悔以及沉痛的心情给您写下了这份检讨书，以向您表示我对自己不良行为的深刻认识以及再也不重犯的决心。

您的数学课，我没有认真听讲，还讲错话，当我意识到自己失误的言语时，我只觉得羞愧的无地自容，我没办法原谅我自己，没办法去面对一直对我关爱有加的老师，没办法去面对一直照顾关心我的同学!我知道，这不紧影响了老师的教课，还影响了想读书的同学没办法听下去。我已经深刻地认识到了自己的误。

上课时间讲废话是一件非常恶劣的事情，这不单单是对老师的不尊重，也是对同学的不尊重。无论之前有多么充分的理由，上课时间讲废话都是不可原谅的错误!这不单单导致自己在上课作业无法完成，也让同学们无法集中精力去学习，同时也是对班级形象的严重破坏。我深刻的认识到这归根结底是自己思想里不够重视自己的学习，没有认真的去实现自己的人生目标。如果真的做事严谨认真，是不会犯这样严重的错误的!我非常希望老师可以给我一个自我反省和自我批评的机会。

鲁迅先生说过……歌德也说……我们只有认真反思，寻找错误后面的深刻根源，认清问题的本质，才能给集体和自己一个交待作文吧http://wwW.ZuowEn8.coM/作文吧，从而得以进步。我很感谢老师对我的批评，您就像一名辛勤的园丁，及时的发现了我这颗长出歪枝的小树，您对我的批评教育如同一把锋利的剪刀，毫不留情地将我身上多余的枝条剪掉。我的心中甚是感动。

《新唐书》中说：“人谁无过，当容其改。”《论语》中说：“人非圣贤，孰能无过，知错能改，善莫大焉。”安德鲁马修斯说过：“一个脚跟踩扁了紫罗兰，而他却把香味留在那脚跟上，这就是宽容。”宽容，我只希望老师宽容一次，给我改正错误的机会。而我以后也会严格要求自己，在课上认真听讲，不违反课堂纪律，不辜负老师和同学对我的期待，好好学习，遵守校纪校规。我非常希望老师可以给我一个自我反省和自我批评的机会，让我可以从新认识自我，让我可以去努力的上课，让我可以去为自己的理想去奋斗，让我可以为班级做出更多的努力和贡献。

好好学习，遵守校纪校规是我们每个学生应该做的，也是中华民族的优良传统美德，可是我作为当代的学生却没有好好的把它延续下来。就像很多中国青年都不知道有圣诞节，却隆重的去过圣诞节一样。我们都在无知中遗失了纪律，不明白自己的学习目的……经过这次的事情，我进行的深刻的自我批评，我是真心的悔过，从此刻起保证以后不会再犯这样的错误，以后一定认真勤恳的上课，请大家给我一次机会，再相信我一次，也请大家监督和帮助我。我相信我以后一定可以做好，请老师和同学们观察。最后也希望各位同学能引以为戒，不要犯和我一样愚蠢的错误了，这次的教训真的很大很大。

尊敬的老师：

您好!我知道自己这次旷课的行为影响很不好，给同学树立了一个不好的榜样，我知道自己错了，希望您能原谅我这一次。

世上没有后悔药卖，所以如果有人问我是否后悔，我会毫不犹豫的啐他一脸，不是谁的智商都这么低的。说实话这次旷课本人深感惭愧，我对不起生我养我的父母，对不起教我育我的老师，更加对不起从幼儿园开始到前几天都没有旷过课的自己，为山九仞，功亏一篑，千里之堤，毁于蚁穴，对于这次的事情我只能说一句一失足成千古恨，再回首已是百年身。

在老师的谆谆教诲之下，我深深的感受到了自己犯下了多么严重的错误，我心中有千般悔恨，万种自责，但我相信这次的错误也不一定是坏事，至少它让我明白了许多道理，我希望同学们以我为鉴，不要像我一样做出有组织无纪律的事，那些没有被记但旷课的同学也要以此为鉴，我希望大家能够引以为戒，不要再犯和我一样的错误，以后我会不断努力，争取做得更好。

检讨人：xxx

相关阅读：

方法

一、简述所犯错误，并定性之。

这是对自己开的第一炮，一定要猛烈、响亮，不能不痛不痒。但切记，炮一定要往空中放，不可往实处打。聊天室里泡美眉是吧?那要这样检讨——“我单身时代养成的积习未改，不是一个好男人”，千万不能说——“我只不过想换换口味”。

二、描述犯错过程。

这部分内容一定要扎实、扎实、再扎实，新闻的五个W一个都不能少。但是一定不要漏掉一点，那就是在犯错过程中的心理活动。要凸现善与恶的搏斗，灵与肉的挣扎。搏斗得越惨烈，挣扎得越残酷，越能博得谅解和宽容。

三、剖析错误原因。

这是最见功力的部分，是决定一份检讨成败的关键。要彻底把自己打翻、砸烂、磨碎、煮熟，要揭开伤疤，触及灵魂，让杜鹃泣血，令岩石掉泪。这错误早期形成，长期发展，千里之堤毁于蚁穴，万里长城倒于自摸，百转千回不该这样走，千错万错不能这样错!当然不要忘了批判、控诉周围的环境——多么强大，多么沉重，多么凶险，多么肮脏!我本出淤泥而不染，奈何淤泥高过头;我本纯洁又无辜，奈何大家都有辜。看啊，这个人!瞧啊，这可怜的灵魂!

四、分析错误的影响，假设继续犯的后果。

错误严重，辜负期望，影响很坏，教训深刻，若不是领导及时指出、老师及时发现、父母及时提醒、女友及时察觉、有关部门及时介入，后果简直不堪设想!“不堪设想”这个词用得好啊!不但省下了许多笔墨，而且推脱了不少责任。所谓不堪设想，说白了就是谁都没工夫去想。

五、表一表决心。

这很简单，想想你平常是什么样子，反过来说一遍就行了。还要写一写你以后该怎么做就可以了.

例：保证再也不会犯类似的错误，坚决不会出现下一次。

尊敬的领导：

近期，由于我的工作失职、疏于管理、对制度把控的不够灵活导致了一些负面事件的发生，给大家造成了工作上的干扰及麻烦，在此，我向各位领导及同事表达我的歉意。

在经过领导的悉心教诲之后，我深刻反思了自己近期的工作情况，主要存在于以下几个问题：

(1)思想认识不足。

在工作上的管理监督失职，很大程度上是由于我的主观方面疏忽，思想认识不足，没有很好的履行我的职责造成的。

(2)掌握员工思想不够深入。

对某些员工的思想和行为未进行深入了解，未能及时发现问题，没有跟进员工的思想工作，缺乏日常思想管理工作的指导。

(3)管理工作过于制度化。

对于管理制度的把控没有做到灵活变通，过于机械化，制度要求不够人性化，没有做到恩威并施，一味严格按照制度规定执行，使得工作中出现了矛盾及管理死角。

(4)缺乏绩效管理指导与沟通。

在绩效考核管理中存在着绩效沟通制度不健全，员工工作业绩缺乏有效的反馈渠道等问题，从而得不到有效的反馈与指导，绩效沟通缺乏相应的制度保障，使存在的问题无法有效改进。

鉴于我反思的以上几点问题，也结合领导对我的工作作出的提示，我对自己今后的工作提出了更高的要求：

(1)树立正确的领导管理心态。

作为一级管理者，对每一名员工都应该做到公平、公正、客观，积极听取员工的不同意见，做到公私分明，在严格要求员工的同时也要帮助有困难的员工，做好思想指导工作，更贴近员工，使管理工作更加人性化，合理化。

(2)加强队伍建设，营造良好的团队氛围。

真诚、平等的内部沟通是创造和谐工作氛围的基础，在此基础上营造一个相互帮助、相互理解、相互激励、相互关心的工作氛围，从而稳定工作情绪，激发工作热情，让每个员工明确团队目标，加强培训与学习，形成共同的工作价值观。

(3)完善绩效考核制度，加强绩效管理与沟通。

在绩效目标与标准的设定过程中需要与领导和员工进行商讨，综合考虑各方面因素，制定合理的绩效考核制度。绩效实施时通过对员工绩效指标完成情况进行分析，找到问题，给予员工绩效辅导与建议，并进行绩效反馈，将结果反馈给员工;对完成不好的指标进行面对面的沟通与分析，并确定改进的措施。通过绩效考评各个环节中充分、有效的沟通，达成绩效管理的预期目标。

(4)加强细节化管理，从点滴做起。

细节管理是管理工作的基础和灵魂。管理工作中的任何一个细小的环节都有可能影响到整体工作的进展，所以要强化细节管理意识，关注细节，改进细节，并且重视细节管理，认真处理好管理工作中的每一个细节。

综上所述，我会在今后的工作中更加尽职尽责，细化管理，加强与员工的沟通，承担起管理职责，努力做好一级管理者的本职工作。

望各位领导与同事多提宝贵意见，我会有则改之无则加勉，更好的完善自己，用良好的工作成绩回报大家对我的信任与支持。

检讨人：XXX

时间：2015.7.17

尊敬的领导：

您好!

我怀着万分的愧疚心情向您递交这份检讨书，以深刻反省我在近期工作当中存在脱岗的一些问题。关于脱岗的事情，我感到自身存在了诸多问题，必须深刻反省深刻自纠。就此，我要向您做出深刻检讨：

最近一段时间以来，我一共脱岗被抓次数有5次，时间分别是在去年8月、11月、12月两次，今年2月初又一次。经过组织单位上的批评教育，我已经深刻得意识到了自己所存在的一些问题。首先，脱岗行为看似偶然，实际上暴露出了我的工作作风涣散、纪律规章意识不强的思想问题。反观我长期的交通协管工作，在过去几年里很少出现脱岗行为，只是在最近半年问题严重，主要还是我思想上出现了涣散。再有，也有我身体上的一些原因，但不是主要原因，就是因为我是出生在南方，对于北方的寒冷天气确实有些不太适应。再有，我因为近期生活压力比较大，身体上感觉有些疲惫也是一个原因。

然而，无论如何，我脱岗的行为是客观存在的，我自身的问题也是明显的。我既然身为一名交通协管员，我是负责交管部门维护一个路段交通安全顺畅的，我就必须做到上一天班，站一天岗，站一天岗，保一天路况的顺畅与安全。这也是我职责所须，职责所在，不能因为我任何的私人原因影响工作。

最后，我要向单位领导作出郑重保证：从今往后，我一定努力认真得对待工作，严肃纠正存在的涣散作风。努力认真工作，决不再放松对自己的要求，并且我要焕发出一颗积极向上的进取心，优秀得完成下阶段的工作任务，请单位领导放心。

检讨人：

20xx年xx月xx日

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8.2017上班脱岗检讨书

我是一名高中教师，经历了那么多的事情，听说了更多的事情，真的有一种自己不配做一名教师的感觉，特检讨如下：

一：我的专业素质太低。

二：我的教学内容过于狭隘。

尽管要求素质教育，可惜我们也确实不知道素质教育究竟应该从那里抓起。我们只能在学习的方法上进行指导，在教学的方法上进行各种各样的改革，我们只能盯着高考这个目标不放松，因为如果高考成绩不理想，小的损失是奖金和年终考核，但如果影响到学校的声誉，那么你还怎么能在这里呆下去?所以，我为这个而检讨，我们如果不仅仅只是抓高考，不仅仅是只为我们的短浅目光，那么我们的素质教育早就遍地结果了。

三：我没有心理教师的素养。

尽管我是师范专业出身，也学习过教育心理学，但我在教学的过程中，也确实忽略了学生的心理素质的培养，尽管告诉了他们应该面对困难不放松，尽管也告诉他们要以振兴国家民族为己任，尽管告诉了他们应该同情弱者应该大家团结如家人，但由于没有制定具体的考核章程，学生是否记住我就不清楚了。

四：我忽视了对学生的团队精神的培养。

在教学的过程中，我只是能根据学生的个人特点而采取具体的教学任务，要发展学生的个性，要让他们知道好成绩是靠他们的努力分不开的，在这个过程中，我只做到了让学生认识到要不断的自己去努力去拼搏，尽管告诉他们国家和集体利益为重，尽管告诉了他们应该个人利益服从国家和集体利益，却忽略了让他们的团体精神的培养，忘记告诉他们在一个团队中应如何作战，应如何真正的顾全大局，没有告诉他们在团队中是没有平均主义的，因为我这方面的失误，所以导致后来很多的学生在走向社会后，面对团队中的不平均的状况没有一个成熟的心态来对待。我检讨。

我为自己不能通晓万事而检讨，面对学生有时的提问，我怎么可以说出：“我回去查查再回答你好吗?”这样的话来，我为自己不能上通天文下通地理而检讨。

尊敬的教员您好：

我叫xx。今天我怀着无比沉重的心情对今天上课时的事情做出了深刻的忏悔，写出以下检讨，希望教员能看在我是初次犯错的份上就原谅我这次吧!我保证这是第一次也是最后一次，事情的经过是这样的!

我于七月十日上午在教室玩手机，被教员你发现，然后手机被收了，后来我认识了自己所犯的错误严重性和后果性!

1.没遵守好条例条令，学习不够深刻。

2.对自己的要求太过于放松。

3.思想上不够重视。

4.组织观念淡薄。

改正：

1：在以后的学习过程中，认真听讲，认真填写好试验报告。

2：在以后的学习过程中，不在化验室吃零食，玩手机。

3:遵守好条例条令，不做违反条例条令的事情和规章制度。

4:听从教员的安排，尊重教员，听教员的话，爱护好化验室的仪器。

希望教员能给我一次机会，我保证绝不会在发生相同的事情，请教员监督，也希望战友们引以为见，不要犯同样的错误。

尊敬的教员：

我的检讨完毕。

检讨人：xx

xx区纪委：

20xx年5月20日，xx干部xx同志着装，到xx进行日常巡查。巡查结束后，该同志购买蔬菜并提着蔬菜步行从xx回到xx办公室进行整理。该情况被xx区纪委工作人员暗访到。xx这一行为严重违反了单位的规章制度，造成了恶劣的社会影响。

对此，xx领导班子组织全所上下进行了深刻的反思和认真的自剖。班子成员因我所工作人员违反纪律的行为感到了深深的惭愧和不安，现我所班子诚恳地向区纪委作深刻的检讨，并将思想反思结果向区纪委汇报如下：

(一)、这件事的发生，反映出我所班子在抓思想教育。纪律作风建设存在意识不强，措施不到位的情况，所班子对此事的发生负有领导责任。

(二)、我所个别工作人员缺乏良好的工作纪律作风，思想素质和公仆意识淡薄。

(三)、纪律措施落实不严，日常工作管理方面存在漏洞。针对我所存在上述情况，我所班子向区纪委作深刻的检讨，并开展一次深入细致的批评和自我批评，并制定以下改正措施。

一、加强思想教育，建立思想教育学习制度，突出党员的先锋作用。认真对照各项规章制度，要求人人在思想上落到实处，养成自觉遵守工作纪律的思想意识。

二、严格执行纪律制度，对违反工作纪律行为严肃处理。

三、对xx同志进行一次耐心的、同志式的严厉批评，让其充分认识到自觉的错误行为所带来的不良影响。

通过本次深刻的检讨，请区纪委信任我所在今后的工作中，一定会严肃工作纪律，提高工作执行力，特别是在即将到来的节日期间市场监督工作中，知耻而后勇，充分发挥积极因素，加强对节前各类市场主体的日常巡查和监管，打击假冒伪劣商品，查处市场活动中存在的违法行为，确保辖区内市场秩序的良好运行，让xx人民过一个祥和平安的春节。

此致 敬礼!

检讨人：

日期：

随着北京的新计生条例出炉，目前，全国至少已经有15个省份修订了本地区的计生条例。这15个省份分别为北京、天津、山东、上海、浙江、安徽、江西、福建、青海、广东、广西、湖北、山西、宁夏、四川、辽宁。

注意到，上述所有省份均已取消了晚婚假，大部分省份目前都执行法定的3天婚假，但是北京、上海、福建、山西、辽宁5地则在取消晚婚假的同时，调整了原有的婚假天数。

其中，北京、上海、辽宁三地均规定，除享受国家规定婚假外，增加婚假7天，婚假天数达到10天。福建的婚假天数修改为15天。山西婚假天数修改为30天，在15个省份中最长。

我怀着十二万分的愧疚以及十二万分的懊悔给您写下这份检讨书，以向您表示我对没有完成作业这种恶劣行为的深痛恶绝及打死也不再重犯这种错误的决心。

我已经深刻认识到此事的重要性，于是我一再告诉自己要把老师交待的作业当成头等大事来抓，不能辜负老师对我们的一片苦心。

对于我没有完成作业的事情，所造成的严重后果如下：

1.让老师为我的学习更加操心。

2.在同学们中间造成了不良的影响。

3.由于我的错误，有可能造成别的同学的效仿，也是对别的同学的父母的不负责。

如今，大错既成，我深深懊悔不已。经过深刻检讨，认为深藏在本人思想中的致命错误有以下几点：

1、 思想觉悟不高，对重要事项重视严重不足。就算是有认识，也没能在行动上真正实行起来。

2、 思想觉悟不高的根本原因是因为本人对他人尊重不足。试想，如果我对老师有更深的尊重，我就会按时完成老师教代的每项作业

据上，我决定有如下个人整改措施：

1、 按照老师要求缴纳保质保量的检讨书一份!对自己思想上的错误根源进行深挖细找的整理，并认清其可能造成的严重后果。

2、 制定学习计划，认真完成老师交给的每项作业

3. 和同学们加强沟通。争取和全班同学共同进步

请老师看我今后的表现，我保证不再出现上述错误。

学生：

日期：

：

随着北京的新计生条例出炉，目前，全国至少已经有15个省份修订了本地区的计生条例。这15个省份分别为北京、天津、山东、上海、浙江、安徽、江西、福建、广东、广西、湖北、山西、宁夏、四川、辽宁。

记者注意到，上述所有省份均已取消了晚婚假，大部分省份目前都执行法定的3天婚假，但是北京、上海、福建、山西、辽宁5地则在取消晚婚假的同时，调整了原有的婚假天数。

其中，北京、上海、辽宁三地均规定，除享受国家规定婚假外，增加婚假7天，婚假天数达到10天。福建的婚假天数修改为15天。山西婚假天数修改为30天，在15个省份中最长。

尊敬的英语老师：

在此我怀着自责、懊悔、内疚的心情向您递交我的检讨，以深刻反省我没做作业的不良作风，对于因我错误给您造成的困扰，向您表示最诚挚地道歉。

回顾我的错误，这个周末老师布置的三张英语试卷作业我由于忘在学校里，周日又没有尽快赶回学校补做，导致周一交作业时候惊慌失措，谎称试卷丢失。

如今，经过您的严肃批评，我深刻认识到了自身存在的严重问题。没做作业、并且说谎行为充分暴露出我缺乏学习积极性、诚实观念不强、做事不谨慎等问题。经过面壁思过，我痛定思痛决心彻底改正错误、弥补不足：

第一，我须认真、仔细地重新完成一遍英语试卷作业，并且做完之后上交给英语老师修改。

第二，针对因为我错误给老师带来工作上的不便，我必须要在今后加倍努力学习英语以弥补我的过错。

第三，我必须从此次错误当中吸取经验教训，今后放学之前一定要仔细检查作业携带情况，认真完成周末作业。

最后，我希望英语老师能够原谅我的错误，我一定加倍努力学好英语，以实际行动改正错误。最后我再一次向您表示抱歉，英语老师年轻漂亮，我的错误害您生气动怒了，生气动怒这会损伤您的容颜，对此我感到万分内疚与抱歉。我一定要学好英语，让老师为我少担心，也祝愿英语老师年轻漂亮。

此致!

：

亲爱的老师，期末考，我知道这是我的失误。但是，时光不会再倒流了。我不再去伤心自己的成绩，因为泪水不能换回成绩。我长大了，我也应该知道自己要认真学习，长大报效祖国。为此，我决定不再让老师白白付出汗水，虽然我知道，我的努力并不一定可以换来成功，但是我深知，不努力就一定不能换来成功。期末考，代表的是一个学期的学习成果，我没有考好，这是我的失误，我的过错。

老师，就让这成绩成为过去，就让这成绩永远的成为追忆吧，我决定不会让他重演。

今后，还希望老师多多帮助我，让我的成绩有所提高。

您的学生×××

×月×日

公务员违纪检讨书一

尊敬的领导：

我刚到纪委工作就犯了严重错误，前天我接到通知说中央电视台记者要来采访我市廉政先进典型，领导要我通知几个局长来。 因为快下班了，所以我通知各单位时说的比较简单：请你们局长明天到纪委来一趟。没想到国土局长接到通知后大小便失禁，心脏病突发，不醒人事。财政局长自首了。交通局长当晚就失踪，据说已经逃往加拿大。工商局长连夜杀死情妇，他以为情妇出卖了他。卫生局长服毒自杀，还留下检举别人的名单。

这惨痛的一切都是我工作方法简单造成的，我痛定思痛，深感内疚，认真作检讨。

公务员违纪检讨书二

尊敬的领导：

×月×日上班期间，本人没有认真投入工作，而是偷偷玩电脑。几天来，本人认真反思，深刻剖析，为自己的行为感到了深深地愧疚和不安。在此，我谨向领导作出深刻检讨，并将几天来的思想反思结果向领导汇报如下：

人社局是一个为群众落实社会保障政策的窗口部门，群众来办事的比较多，一旦发现工作人员有玩电脑游戏的情况，并向网络媒体举报曝光，不仅损坏了公务人员在群众中的良好形象，而且降低了社保局的公众信任感，后果不堪设想。从网上搜索一下，这样的反面教材举不胜举。经反思，本人没有从思想深处高度警醒，没有从维护集体荣誉、为集体争光的角度看待上班玩游戏的问题，总以为这是小节、无关大局，是个人问题、涉及不到集体问题。这是错误之一。

局领导、中心主任多次通过办公会、干部大会、个别提醒等方式，再三强调工作纪律，明确提出了上班期间不准玩电脑游戏的要求。然而本人总认为工作任务第一，完成好工作任务后，其它时间就可以自由支配;完成好工作任务是对领导的高度负责，上班聊聊天、玩玩游戏是完成工作任务后的“调味品”，放松放松、娱乐娱乐，领导也不会太怪罪的。经反思，本人没有把遵守纪律中的“纪律”看作是全方位的纪律，而是只求其一、不求其二;没有充分认识到纪律的重要性，犯了自由主义的错误;没有把领导的指示、纪律的要求当作刚性标准，没有树立“纪律高于一切”的观念。这是错误之二。

领导把我放在事业单位出纳的重要岗位上，我没有珍惜岗位荣誉、有辱岗位职责、愧对领导信任和关心，也对其他同事产生了消极影响。没有把有限的工作时间花在工作上，即使有空余时间，也应用在钻研业务知识、提高会计专业技能上。现在网络上良莠不齐，既有丰富的知识宝库，也有耗时的游戏视频，本人没有充分发挥网络信息优势，积极获取政治、经济、文化、科学知识，而是把宝贵的时间花在无聊的毫无意义的事情上，说明心智还不够成熟，工作责任心、进取心还不够强。这是错误之三。

廖廖几笔，难表我悔恨痛惜之情。今后，我一定在上班期间不玩游戏，认真恪守各项工作纪律，对领导提出的各项工作要求、上班制度牢记在心、落实于行。抓紧工作时间，高标准完成领导交给的各项任务，高质量做好会计业务工作，同时坚持每天抽出一定时间学习与业务相关的知识，积极参加专业技术等级考试，学习政治经济知识以及做人做事准则，努力提高完善自身。积极争当行业标兵、岗位表率，弥补我的错误，创造新的业绩，为集体争作贡献、争光添彩。

请领导看我的实际行动吧。

我认为，这次考试考不好还有两个大的原因：

一是学习不用功。这么说有些笼统，其实它能分为很多小原因。早读有一半的时间用来犯困，另一半时间中的效率也不高，有时还哼首歌什么的(由此决定以后少听歌)。上课时，特别是数学和英语，一有听不懂的情况就犯困，越困越听不懂。然后，我不清楚何时有了个大毛病——发呆。这的确浪费了很多时间。只要一闲下来就发呆。所以，以后打算把日程排满，充实自己，改掉这个自杀式的烂毛病。还有，我有个不爱写作业的毛病。特别是上了高中后作业多了起来。以后要勤快些。其实这也是学习态度的问题。

二是学习态度不端正。我常把自己定位为"厌恶学习的孩子"。其实这是消极的心理暗示。事实上我已经开始对许多的科目产生兴趣了。心理暗示也是蛮重要的。

现在我十分重视，并从内心上谴责自己，反省自己。要从自己身上找错误，查不足，深刻的反醒。我清楚，错了并不重要，重要的是在自己做错事的时候，能够正确的认识到自己的错误，并且清楚如何改过自身，所以我在以后的日子里，会格外的严格要求自己。现在我对自己的学习也有了新的要求。

因为我发现我竟然有一点"为了现在玩的痛快不管以后"的征兆。所以，现在我要把这些所有不好的征兆都扼杀在摇篮里。还有一点，就是要减少吃东西的时间。每天都要花半个小时左右的时间吃零食。而其他人都用这半小时学习了。人总是不见棺材不落泪的(考试没考好，棺材都出来了😱)。我已经看到了事态的严重性，不会再下滑了。

只要我们都有很好的约束能力、自主学习能力，在没有任何借口，任何理由能为讲话开脱!我们只有认认真真思考人生有那么多事要做，那么多的担子要挑，就没有理由考试不考好了.我一定不会在同一地方摔倒。做事情，要有始有终，学习更是一样，不能够半途而废。

我现在已经深刻的认识到了自己的错误，找到了自己身上存在的不足。所以，我要感谢老师让我写了这份检查，让我更加深刻的认识到自己的错误，希望老师能够再给我一次机会，我一定会好好努力，不再让老师及家长失望。请父母和老师看我的实际行动吧，我会努力学习的。

那天我喝多了，尽管从表面上看,这只是一次普通的醉酒事件,但是在该事件的背后隐藏着严重的原则性问题，并且很严重的让我的老婆为我伤心，为我难受，我就更加感觉到我所犯下的错误的严重性!老婆，我错了，真的很对不起!对于我犯下的重大错误，我做了很深刻的反省：

第一、不懂得自爱。

人活在这个世界上，一定要自尊自爱。俗话说的好啊，酒是串肠毒药啊，喝酒多了就是容易耽误事情，喝酒喝多了就容易嘴上没有把门的什么都往外说，可能以为自己说的无关紧要，但是别人会认为你是酒后吐真言，说者无心，听者有意啊，这样无形之中就给自己带来很多的伤害，也给别人带来了伤害。

最主要的是，喝多了人就容易走形，控制不了自己的情绪，行动没有深浅。人在河边走，哪有不湿鞋?经常喝多酒，哪有不出事?再有就是喝多酒，自己也很难受，我喝多了也吐，自己脑袋也蒙了，说话办事都反应慢了，耽误了很多事情，也给宝贝老婆造成了误会。不懂得自爱，就是对自己不负责任，男人最重要的就是要有责任感，对自己不负责任就是对家庭不负责任，就是对老婆不负责人，每个女人都希望自己的老公是个有责任感的男人，不希望看到自己的老公是个酒囊饭袋，所以要想让自己老婆放心，要想获得别人的尊重，就要懂得自爱。我就犯了不懂自爱这个错误。

第二、无视老婆的存在。

喝醉当天，我可爱美丽温柔善良的老婆就在我的傍边，并且一直都在为我担心，一直默默地关怀着我，我都没有察觉到。我无视您的嘱托和交代，在老婆就在身边的情况下酗酒，严重违反了家庭纪律，对老婆和我们的爱情都造成了不良影响，让我的老婆时时为我担惊受怕。我感觉到很内疚。

我有个毛病，就是一和同事、朋友们在一起的时候，就容易融入气氛，所以可能就忽视了身边的老婆，其实也不是有意这样做的，都是无意识的情况下才发生的这些，所以请老婆要见谅!可能老婆不知道，当我早晨醒来一睁眼就感觉快能见到宝贝的时候，那一刻，我感觉我特别幸福，说不出来的幸福，一种从未有过的幸福，我也真真的感受到了幸福!但是就在前一天晚上，我确喝多了，在很多人面前丢人了，让我的宝贝伤心，为我担心了!

第三、对不起对老婆的诺言

我记得上次大醉的时候和老婆说过，我不会再那么喝酒了，但是这次又喝醉了，我食言了。一个男人，对自己老婆说的话，不但没有实现，反倒变本加厉了。答应老婆的事情没有做到。说话不算数。我们在一起两年多了，我对老婆说过很多话，也许诺过很多，但是很多没有兑现，赊欠了很多很多，用老婆的话说，“礼物都生小宝宝了”!无论是谁，都会很讨厌自己老公说话不算数，本来心里期望很高，结果却是失望很大，这是最伤人心，也是最上感情的事情!而我确总是犯错，我心里很不好受，感觉十分对不起宝贝!古人云“一诺千金”!

尊敬的历史老师：

您的谆谆教导，您的慈眉善目，您的呕心沥血，再面对我的历史考试不及格，常规选择十六道选择题目只对个(统一选择了C)，解答题基本全军覆没的情况，我心中冉冉生出一股强烈愧疚情绪，导致我在接受您批评时候内心陷入了痛苦纠结，眼泪冷不丁得就在眼眶里打滚。

面对43分这样的悲惨分数。。。我对天呐喊“我错了!我对不起您，我辜负了您”面对这一结果，我真的不知道该怎么说好。我想起了您第一天上课时候跟我们说过的话：“历史是很重要的，不学历史必当自吃败果”。是啊，现如今我已经迟到了败果。

您的挑灯夜读，您的呕心沥血，您在深夜还凿壁偷光得为我们批改历史作文，布置整理教案，您那伟大的身影都给我留下深刻印象，叫我在一个又一个暴风雨的夜晚对天呐喊：“我错了，我对不起您。”

我知道现在已经考差了，我再说什么都是无济于事的，我的“三寸不烂之舌”在如今也显得“毫无施展之地”。可是我知道只有通过下学期的勤奋努力，实实在在地提供我的历史成绩，才是最好的一份检讨。

下面的材料旨在丰富学生在是非问题写作方面的思想和语言，考生在复习时可以先分类阅读这些篇章，然后尝试写相关方面的作文题。

对于素材中用黑体字的部分，特别建议你熟读，背诵，因为它们在语言和观点上都值得吸收。学习语言的人应该明白，表达能力和思想深度都靠日积月累，潜移默化。从某种意义上说，提高英语写作能力无捷径可走，你必须大段背诵英语文章才能逐渐形成语感和用英语进行表达的能力。这一关，没有任何人能代替你过。

因此，建议你下点苦功夫，把背单词的精神拿出来背诵文章。何况，并不是要求你背了之后永远牢记在心：你可以这个星期背，下个星期忘。这没有关系，相信你的大脑具有神奇的能力。背了工具箱里的文章后，你会惊讶的发现：I can think in English now！

1.?????? Proverbs

1. A graduation ceremony is an event where the commencement speaker tells thousands of students dressed in identical caps and gowns that individuality is the key to success.

2. The primary purpose of a liberal education is to make one’s mind a pleasant place in which to spend one’s time.

3. Next in importance to freedom and justice is popular education, without which neither freedom nor justice can be permanently maintained.

4. The classroom--not the trench--is the frontier of freedom now and forevermore.

5. Education’s purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one.

6. It is the purpose of education to help us become autonomous, creative, inquiring people who have the will and intelligence to create our own destiny.

7. You see, real ongoing, lifelong education doesn’t answer questions; it provokes them.

8. People will pay more to be entertained than educated.

9.the most important function of education at any level is to develop the personality of the individual and the significance of his life to himself and to others. This is the basic architecture of a life; the rest is ornamentation and decoration of the structure.

10. The essence of our efforts to see that every child has a chance must be to assure each as equal opportunity, not to become equal, but to become different-to realize whatever unique potential of body, mind, and spirit he or she possesses.

11. A great teacher never strives to explain his vision-he simply invites you to stand beside him and see for yourself.

12. If you can read and don’, you are an illiterate by choice.

2. Damaging Research

A study by National Parent-Teacher Organization revealed that in the average American school, eighteen negatives are identified for every positive that is pointed out. The Wisconsin study revealed that when children enter the first grade, 80 percent of them feel pretty good themselves, but by the time they get to the sixth grade, only 10 percent of them have good self-images.

3. Education and Citizenship

An important aspect of education in the United States is the relationship between education and citizenship. Throughout its history this nation has emphasized public education as a means of transmitting democratic values, creating equality of opportunity, and preparing new generations of citizens to function in society. In addition, the schools have been expected to help shape society itself. During the 1950s, for example, efforts to combat racial segregation focused on the schools. Later, when the Soviet Union launched the first orbiting satellite, American schools and colleges came under intense pressure and were offered many incentives to improve their science and mathematics programs so that the nations would not fall behind the Soviet Union in scientific and technological capabilities.

Education is often viewed as a tool for solving social problems, especially social inequality. The schools, t is thought, can transform young people from vastly different backgrounds into competent, upwardly mobile adults. Yet these goals seem almost impossible to attain. In recent years, in fact, public education has been at the center of numerous controversies arising from the gap between the ideal and the reality. Part of the problem is that different groups in society have different have different expectations. Some feel that children should be taught basic job-related skills; still others believe education should not only prepare children to compete in society but also help them maintain their cultural identity (and, in the case of Hispanic children, their language). On the other hand, policymakers concerned with education emphasize the need to increase the level of student achievement and to improve parents in their children’s education.

Some reformers and critics have called attention to the need to link formal schooling with programs designed to address social problems. Sociologist Charles Moscos, for example, is a leader in the movement to expand programs like the Peace Corps, Vista, and Outward Bound into a system of voluntary national service. National service, as Moscos defines it, would entail “the full-time undertaking of public duties by young people whether as citizen soldiers or civilian servers-who are paid subsistence wages” and serve for at least one year. In return for this period of service, the volunteers would receive assistance in paying for college or other educational expenses.

Advocates of national service and school-to-work programs believe that education does not have to be confined to formal schooling. In devising strategies to provide opportunities for young people to serve their society, they emphasize the educational value of citizenship experiences gained outside the classroom. At this writing there is little indication that national service will become a new educational institution in the United States, although the concept is steadily gaining support among educators and social critics.

4. The Teacher’s Role

Given the undeniable importance of classroom experience, sociologists have done a considerable amount of research on what goes on in the classroom. Often they start from the premise that, along with the influence of peers, students’ experiences in the classroom are of central importance to their later development. One study examined the impact of a single first-grade teacher on her students’ subsequent adult status. The surprising results of this study have important implications. It is evident that good teachers can make a big difference in children’s lives, a fact that gives increased urgency to the need to improve the quality of primary-school teaching. The reforms carried out by educational leaders like James Comer suggest that when good teaching is combined with high levels of parental involvement the results can be even more dramatic.

Because the role of the teacher is to change the learner in some way, the teacher-student relationship is an important part of education. Sociologists have pointed out that this relationship is asymmetrical or unbalanced, with the teacher being in a position of authority and the student having little choice but to passively absorb the information provided by the teacher. In other words, in conventional classrooms there is little opportunity for the students to become actively involved in the learning process. On the other hand, students often develop strategies for undercutting the teacher’s authority: mentally withdrawing, interrupting, and the like. Hence, much current research assumes that students and teachers influence each other instead of assuming that the influence is always in a single direction.

5. Education Philosophy

For the past fifty years our schools have operated on the theories of John Dewey (1859-1953), an American educator and writer. Dewey believed hat the school’s job was to enhance the natural development of the growing child, rather than to pour information, for which the child had no context, into him or her. In the Dewey system, the child becomes the active agent in his own education, rather than a passive receptacle for facts.

Consequently, American schools are very enthusiastic about teaching “life skills” –logical thinking, analysis, creative problem--solving. The actual content of the lessons is secondary to the process, which is supposed to train the child to be able to handle whatever life may present, including all the unknowns of the future. Students and teachers both regard pure memorization as an uncreative and somewhat vulgar.

In addition to “life skills”, schools are assigned to solve the ever growing stoke of social problems. Racism, teenage pregnancy, alcoholism, drug use, reckless driving, and are just a few of the modern problems that have appeared on the school curriculum.

This all contributes to a high degree of social awareness in American youngsters.

6. Student Life

To the students, the most notable difference between elementary school and the higher levels is that in junior high they start “changing classes”. This means that rather than spending the day in one classroom, they switch classrooms to meet their different teachers. This gives them three or four minutes between classes in the hallways, where a great deal of the important social action of high school traditionally takes place. Students have lockers in these hallways, around which thy congregate.

Society in general does not take the business of studying very seriously. Schoolchildren have a great deal of free time, which they are encouraged to fill with extracurricular activities—sports, clubs, cheerleading, scouts—supposed to inculcate such qualities as leadership, sportsmanship, ability to organize, etc. those who don’t become engaged in such activities or have afterschool jobs have plenty of opportunity to “hang out”, listen to teenager music, and watch television.

Compared to other nations, American students do not have much homework. Studies also show that American parents have lower expectations for their children’s success in school than other nationalities do. (Historically, there has not been much correlation between American school success and success in later life.) “He’s just not a scholar”, the American parents might say, content that their son is on the swim team and doesn’t take drugs. (Some of the young do choose to study hard, for reason of their own, such as determining that the road to riches lies through Harvard Business School.)

What American schools do effectively teach is the competitive method. In innumerable ways children are pitted against each other—whether in classroom discussion, spelling bees, reading groups, or tests. Every classroom is expected to produce a scattering of A’s and F’s (teachers often grade A=excellent; B=good; C=average; D=poor; and F=failed). A teacher who gives all A’s looks too soft—so students are aware that they are competing for the limited number of top marks.

Foreign students sometimes don’t understand that copying from other people’s papers or from books is considered wrong and taken seriously. Here, it is important to show that you have done your own work and are displaying your own knowledge. It is more important than helping your friends to pass, whom we think do not deserve to pass unless they can provide their own answers. Group effort goes against the competitive grain, and American students do not study together as many Asians do. Many Asians in this country consider their group study habits a large contributor to their school success.

7. Adult Education

After complaining about many aspects of American life, a 40-year-old woman from Hong Kong concluded, “But where else could someone my age go back to school and get a degree in social work? Here you can change your whole life, start a new business, do what you really want to do.”

So at least to this person, school requirements weren’t inhibiting. And to millions of others, adult education is the path to a new career, or if not to a new career, to a new outlook. Schools generally encourage the older person who wants to start anew, and besides regular classes, schedule evening classes in special programs. Today there are so many people of retirement age in college that it is no longer remarkable.

8. Moral Relativism in American

Improving American education requires not doing new things but doing (and remembering) some good old things. At the time of our nation’s founding, Thomas Jefferson listed the requirements for a sound education in the Report of the Commissioners for the University of Virginia. In this landmark statement on American education, Jefferson wrote of the importance of education and writing, and of reading history, and geography. But he also emphasized the need “to instruct the mass of our citizens in these, their rights, interests, and duties, as men and citizens.” Jefferson believed education should aim at the improvement of both one’s “morals” and “faculties”. That has been the dominant view of the aims of American education for over two centuries. But a number of changes, most of them unsound, have diverted schools from these great pursuits. And the story of the loss of the school’s original moral mission explains a great deal.

Starting in the early seventies, “values clarification” programs started turning up in schools all over America. According to this philosophy, the schools were not to take part in their time-honored task of transmitting sound moral values; rather, they were to allow the child to “clarify” his own values (which adults, including parents, had no “rights” to criticize). The “values clarification” movement didn’t clarify values; it clarified wants and desires. This form of moral relativism said, in effect, that no set of values was right or wrong; everybody had an equal right to his own values; and all values were subjective, relative, and personal. This destructive view took hold with a vengeance.

In 1985 The York Times published an article quoting New York area educators, in slavish devotion to this new view, proclaiming, “They deliberately avoid trying to tell students what is ethically right and wrong.” The article told of one counseling session involving fifteen high school juniors and seniors. In the course of that session a student concluded that a fellow student had been foolish to return one thousand dollars she found in a purse at school. According to the article, when the youngsters asked the counselor’s opinion, “He told them he believed the girl had done the right thing, but that, of course, he would not try to force his values on them. ‘If I come from the position of what is wrong,’ he explained, ‘then I’m not their counselor.’”

Once upon a time, a counselor offered counselor, and he knew that an adult does not form character in the young by taking a stance of neutrality toward questions of right and wrong or by merely offering “choices” or “options”.

In response to the belief that adults and educators should teach children sound morals, one can expect from some quarters indignant objections (I’ve heard one version of it expressed countless times over the years): “Who are you to say what’s important?” or “Whose standards and judgments do we use?”

The correct response, it seems to me, is, is we ready to do away with standards and judgments? Is anyone going to argue seriously that a life of cheating and swindling is as worthy as a life of honest, hard work? Is anyone (with the exception of some literature professors at our elite universities) going to argue seriously the intellectual corollary, that a Marvel comic book is as good as Macbeth? Unless we are willing to embrace some pretty silly position, we’ve got to admit the need for moral and intellectual standards. The problem is that some people tend to regard anyone who would pronounce a definitive judgment as an unsophisticated Philistine or a closed-minded “elitist” trying to impose his view on everybody else.

The truth of the real world is that without standards and judgments, there can be no progress. Unless we are prepared to say irrational things—that nothing can be proven more valuable than anything else or that everything is equally worthless—we must ask the normative question. It may come, as a surprise to those who fell that to be “progressive” is to be value-neutral. But as Matthew Amold said, “the world is forwarded by having its attention fixed on the best things” and if the world can’t decide what the best things are, at least to some degree, then it follows that progress, and character, is in trouble. We shouldn’t be reluctant to declare that some things, some lives, books, ideas, and values are better than others. It is the responsibility of the schools to teach these better things.

At one time, we weren’t so reluctant to teach them. In the mid-nineteenth century, a diverse, widespread group of crusaders began to work for the public support of what was then called the “common school”, the forerunner of the public school. They were to be charged with the mission of school felt that the nation could fulfill its destiny only if every new generation was taught these values together in a common institution.

The leaders of the common school movement were mainly citizens who were prominent in their communities—businessmen, ministers, local civic and government officials. These people saw the schools as upholders of standards of individual morality and small incubators of civic and personal virtue; the founders of the public schools had faith that public education could teach good moral and civic character from a common ground of American values.

But in the past quarter century or so, some of the so-called experts became experts of value neutrality, and moral education was increasingly left in their hands. The commonsense view of parents and the publicthat schools should reinforce rather than undermine the values of home, family, and country, was increasingly rejected.

There are those today still that claim we are now too diverse a nation, that we consist of too many competing convictions and interests to instill common values. They are wrong. Of course we are a diverse people. We have always been a diverse people. And as Madison wrote in FederalistNo.10, the competing, balancing interests of a diverse people can help ensure the survival of liberty. But there are values that all American citizens share and that we should want all American students to know and to make their own: honesty, fairness, self-discipline, fidelity to task, friends, and family, personal responsibility, love of country, and belief in the principles of liberty, equality, and the freedom to practice one’s faith. The explicit teaching of these values is the legacy of the common schools, and it is a legacy to which we must return.

9. Schools Should Teach Values

People often said, “Yes, we should teach these values, but how do we teach them?” this question deserves a candid response, one that isn’t given often enough. It is by exposing our children to good character and inviting its imitation that we will transmit to them a moral foundation. This happens when teachers and principals, by their words and actions, embody sound convictions. As Oxford’s Mary Warnock has written, “You cannot teach morality without being committed to morality yourself; and you cannot be committed to morality yourself without holding that some things are right and others wrong.” The theologian Martin Buber wrote that the educator is distinguished from all other influences “by his will to take part in the stamping of character and by his consciousness that he represents in the eyes of the growing person a certain selection of what is, the selection of what is ‘right’, of what should be.” It is in this will, Buber says, in this clear standing for something, that the “vocation as an educator finds its fundamental expression.”

There is no escaping the fact that young people need as example principals and teachers who know the difference between right and wrong, good and bad, and who themselves exemplify high moral purpose.

As Education Secretary, I visited a class at Waterbury Elementary School in Waterbury, Vermont, and asked the students, “Is this a good school?” They answered, “Yes, this is a good school.” I asked them, “Why?” Among other things, one eight-year-old said, “The principal Mr. Riegel, makes good rules and everybody obeys them.” So I said, “Give me an example.” And another answered, “You can’t climb on the pipes in the bathroom. We don’t climb on the pipes and the principal doesn’t either.”

This example is probably too simple to please a lot of people who want to make the topic of moral education difficult, but there is something profound in the answer of those children, something education should pay more attention to. You can’t expect children to take messages about rules or morality seriously unless they see adults taking those rules seriously in their day-to-day affairs. Certain must be said, certain limits lay down, and certain examples set. There is no other way.

We should also do a better job at curriculum selection. The research shows that most “values education” exercises and separate courses in “moral reasoning” tend not to affect children’s behavior; if anything, they may leave children morally adrift. Where to turn? I believe our literature and our history are a rich quarry of moral literacy. We should mine that quarry. Children should have at their disposal a stock of examples illustrating what we believe to be right and wrong, good and bad—examples illustrating what are morally right and wrong can indeed be known and that there is a difference.

What kind of stories, historical events, and famous lives am I talking about? If we want our children to know about honesty, we should teach them about Abe Lincoln walking three miles to return six cents and conversely, about Aesop’s shepherd boy who cried wolf if we want them to know about courage, we should teach them about Joan of Arc, Horatius at the bridge, and Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad. If we want them to know about persistence in the face of adversity, they should know about the voyages of Columbus and the character of Washington during the Civil War. And our youngest should be told about the Little Engine That Could. If we want them to know about respect for the law, they should understand why Socrates told Crito: “No, I must submit to the decree of Athens.” If we want our children to respect the rights of others, they should read the Declaration of Independence, the Bill of Rights, the Gettysburg Address, and Martin Luther King, Jr.’ “Letter from Birmingham jail.” From the Bible they should know about Ruth’s loyalty to Naomi, Joseph’s forgiveness of his brothers, Jonathan’s friendship with David, the Good Samaritan’s kindness toward a stranger, and David’s cleverness and courage in facing Goliath.

These are only a few of the hundreds of examples we can call on. And we need not get into issues like nuclear war, abortion, creationism, or euthanasia. This may come as a disappointment to some people, but the fact is that the formation of character in young people is educationally a task different from, and prior to, the discussion of the great, difficult controversies of the day. First things come first. We should teach values the same way we teach other things: one step at a time. We should not use the fact that there are many difficult and controversial moral questions as an argument against basic instruction in the subject.

After all, we do not argue against teaching physics because laser physics is difficult, against teaching American history because there are heated disputes about the Founders’ intent. Every field has its complexities and its controversies. And every field has its basics, its fundamentals. So they are too with forming character and achieving moral literacy. As any parent knows, teaching character is a difficult task. But it is a crucial task, because we want our children to be healthy, happy, and successful but decent, strong, and good. None of this happens automatically; there is no genetic transmission of virtue. It takes the conscious, committed efforts of adults. It takes careful attention.

10. College Pressures

Mainly I try to remind that the road ahead is a long one and that it will have more unexpected turns than they think. There will be plenty of time to change jobs, change careers, change whole attitudes and approaches. They don not want to hear such liberating news. They want a map—right now – that they can follow unswervingly to career security, financial security, Social Security and, presumably, a prepaid grave.

What I wish for all students is some release from the clammy grip of the future. I wish them a chance to savor each segment of their education as an experience in itself and not as a grim preparation for the next step. I wish them the right to experiment, to trip and fall, to learn that defeat is as instructive as victory and is not the end of the world.

My wish, of course, is na?ve. One of the national gods venerated in our media—the million-dollar athlete, the wealthy executive—and glorified in our praise of possessions. In the presence of such a potent state religion, the young are growing up old.

I see four kinds of pressure working on college students today: economic pressure, parental pressure, peer pressure, and self-induced pressure. It is easy to look around for villains—to blame the colleges for charging too much money, the professors for assigning too much work, the parents for pushing their children too far, and the students for driving themselves too hard. But there are no villains: only victims.

“In the late 1960s.” one dean told me. “The typical question that I got from students was ‘Why is there so much suffering in the world’ or ‘how I can make a contribution?’ Today it’s ‘Do you think it would look better for getting into law school if I did a double major in history and political science, or just majored in one of them?’” many other deans confirmed this pattern. One said: “They are trying to find an edge—the intangible something that will look better on paper if two students are about equal.”

Note the emphasis on looking better. The transcript has become a sacred document, the passport to security. How one appears on paper is more important than how one appears in person. A is for Admirable and B is for Borderline, even though, in Yale’s official system of grading, A means “excellent” and B means “very good.” Today, looking very good is no longer good enough, especially for students who hope to go on to law school or medical school. They know that entrance into the better schools will be an entrance into the better law firms and better medical practices where they will make a lot of money. They also know that the odds are harsh. Yale Law School, for instance, matriculates 170students from an applicant pool of 3,700; Harvard enrolls 550 from a pool of 7,000.

It’s all very well for those of us who write letters of recommendation for our students to stress the qualities of humanity that will make them good lawyers or doctors. And it’s nice to think that admission officers are ready reading our letters and looking for the extra dimension of commitment or concern. Still, it would be hard for a student not to visualize these officers shuffling so many transcripts studded with As that they regard a B as positively shameful.

The pressure is almost as heavy on students who just want to graduate and get a job. Long gone are the days of the “gentleman’s C.” when students journeyed through college with a certain relaxation, sampling a wide variety of courses-music, art, philosophy, classics, anthropology, poetry, religion—that would send them out as liberally educated men and women. If I were an employer I would rather employ graduates who have this range and curiosity than those who narrowly pursued safe subjects and high grades. I know countless students whose inquiring minds exhilarate me. I like to hear the play of their ideas. I do not know if they are getting As or Cs, and I do not care. I also like them as people. The country needs them, and they will find satisfying jobs. I tell them to relax. They cannot.

Nor can I blame them. They live in a brutal economy. Tuition, room, and board at most private colleges now come to at least $7,000, not counting books and fees. This might seem to suggest that the colleges are getting rich. But they are equally battered by inflation. Tuition covers only 60 percent of what it costs to educate a student, and ordinarily the remainder comes from what college receives in endowments, grants, and gifts. Now, the remainder keeps being swallowed by the cruel costs—higher every year—of just opening the doors. Heating oil is up. Insurance is up. Postage is up. Health-premium costs are up. Everything is up. Deficits are up. We are witnessing in American the creation of a brotherhood of paupers—colleges, parents, and students, joined by the common bond of debt.

Today it is not unusual for a student, even if he works part time at college and full time during the summer, to accrue $5,000 in loans after four years—loans that he must start to repay within one year after graduation. Exhorted at commencement to go forth into the world, he is already behind as he goes forth. How could he not feel under pressure throughout college to prepare for this day of reckoning? I have used “he,” incidentally, only for brevity. Women at Yale are under no less pressure to justify their expensive education to themselves, their parents, and society. In fact, they are probably under more pressure. For although they leave college superbly equipped to bring fresh leadership to traditionally male jobs, society has not yet caught up with this fact.

Along with economic pressure goes parental pressure. Inevitably, the two are deeply intertwined.

I see many students taking pre-medical courses with joyless tenacity. They go off to their labs as if they were going to the dentist. It saddens me because I know tem in other corners of their life as cheerful people.

“Do you want to medical school?” I asked them.

“I guess so,” they say, without conviction, or “Not really.”

“Then why are you going?”

“Well, my parents want me to be a doctor. They are paying all this money and …”

Poor students, poor parents, they are caught in one of the oldest webs of love and duty and guilt. The parents mean will; they are trying to steer their sons and draughts toward a secure future. But the sons and daughter want to major in history or classics or philosophy—subjects with no “practical” value. Where’s the payoff on the humanities? It’s not easy to persuade such loving parents that the humanities do indeed pay off. The intellectual faculties developed by studying subjects like history and classics—an ability to synthesize and relate, to weigh cause and effect, to see events in perspective—are just the faculties that make creative leaders in business or almost any general field. Still, many fathers would rather put their money on courses that point toward specific profession—courses that are pre-law, pre-medical, pre-business, or, as I sometimes heard it put, “pre-rich.”

But the pressure on students is severe. They are truly torn. One part of them feels obliged to fulfill their parents’ expectations; after all, their parents are older and presumably wiser. Another part tells them that the expectations that are right for their parents are not right for them.

I know a student who wants to be an artist. She is very obviously an artist and will be a good one—she has already had several modest local exhibits. Meanwhile she is growing as a well-round person and taking humanistic subjects that will enrich the inner resources out of which her art will grow. But her father is strongly opposed. He thinks that an artist is a “dumb” thing to be. The student vacillates and tries to please everybody. She keeps up with her art somewhat furtively and takes some of the “dumb” courses her father wants her to take—at least they are dumb courses for her. She is a free spirit on a campus of tense students—no small achievement in it—and she deserves to follow her muse.

Peer pressure and self-induced pressure are also intertwined, and they begin almost at the beginning of freshman year.

“I had a freshman student I’ll call Linda,” one dean told me, “who came in and said she was under terrible pressure because her roommate, Barbara, was much brighter and studied all the time. I could not tell her that Barbara had come in two hours earlier to say the same thing about Linda.”

The story is almost funny—except that it is not. It is symptomatic of all the pressure put together. When every student thinks every other student is working harder and doing better, the only solution is to study harder still. I see students going off to the library every night after dinner and coming back when it closes at midnight. I wish they would sometimes forget about their peers and go to a movie. I hear the clacking of typewriters in the hours before dawn. I see the tension in their eyes when exams are approaching and papers are due: “Will I get everything done?”

Probably they won’t. They will get blocked. They will sleep. They will oversleep. They will bug out.

Part of the problem is that they are expected to do. A professor will assign five page papers. Several students will start writing ten page papers to impress him. Then more students will write ten page papers, and a few will raise the ante to fifteen. Pity the poor student who is still just doing the assignment.

“Once you have twenty or thirty percent of the student population deliberately overexerting,” one dean points out, “It’s bad for everybody. When a teacher gets more and more effort from his class, the student who is doing normal work can be perceived as not doing well. The tactic work, psychologically.”

Why cannot the professor just cut back and not accept longer papers? He can, and he probably will. But by then the term will be half over and the damage done. Grade fever is highly contagious and not easily reversed. Besides, the professor’s main concern is with his course. He knows his students only in relation to the course and does not know that they are also overexerting in their other courses. Nor is it really his business. He did not sign up for dealing with the student as a whole person and with all the emotional baggage the student brought along from home. That’s what deans, masters, chaplains, and psychiatrists are for.

To some extent this is nothing new: a certain number of professors have always been self-contained islands of scholarship and shyness, more comfortable with books than with people. But the new pauperism has widened the gap still further, for professors who actually like to spend time with students do not have as much time to spend. They are also overexerting. If they are young, they are busy trying to publish in order not to perish, hanging by their figure nails onto a shrinking profession.

If they are old and tenured, they are buried under the duties of administering departments—as departmental chairmen or members of committees—that have been thinned out by the budgetary axe.

Ultimately it will be the students’ own business to break the circles in which they are trapped. They are too young to be prisoners of their parents’ dreams and their classmates’ fears. They must be jolted into believing into themselves as unique men and women who have the power to shape their own future.

“Violence is being done to the undergraduate experience,” says Carlos Hortas. “College should be open-ended: at the end it should open many, many roads. Instead, students are choosing their goal in advance, and their choices narrow as they go along. It’s almost as if they think that the country has been codified in the type of jobs that exist-that they’ve got to fit into certain slots. Therefore, fit into the best paying slot.”

“They ought to take chances. Not taking chances will lead to life of colorless mediocrity. They’ll be comfortable. But something in the spirit will be missing.”

I have painted too drab a portrait of today’s students, making them seem a solemn lot. That is only half of their story; if they were so dreary I wouldn’t so thoroughly enjoy their company. The other half is that they are easy to like. They are quick to laugh and to offer friendship. They are not introverts. They are usually kind and are more considerate of one another than any student generation I have known.

Nor are they so obsessed with their studies that they avoid sports and extracurricular activities. On the contrary, they juggle their crowded hours to play on a variety of teams, perform with musical and dramatic groups, and write for campus publications. But this in turn is one more cause of anxiety. There are too many choices. Academically, they have 1,300 courses to select from; outside class they have to decide how much spare time they can spare and how to spend it.

This means that they engage in fewer extracurricular pursuits than their predecessors did. If they want to row on the crew and play in the symphony they will eliminate one; in the ‘60s they would have done both. They also tend to choose activities that are self-limiting. Drama, for instance, is flourishing in all twelve of Yale’s residential colleges, as it never has before. Students hurl themselves into these productions—as actors, directors, carpenters, and technicians—with a dedication to create the best possible play, knowing that the day will come when the run will end and they can get back to their studies.

They also cannot afford to be the willing slave of organizations like the Yale Daily News. Last spring at the one-hundredth anniversary banquet of that paper—who’s past chairmen include such once and future kings as Potter Stewart, Kingman Brewster, and William F. Buckley, Jr.—much was made of the fact that the editorial staff used to be small and totally committed and that “newsies” routinely worked fifty hours a week. In effect they belonged to a club; Newsies is how they defined themselves at Yale. Today’s students will one or two articles a week, when he can, and he defines himself as a student. I’ve never heard the word Newsie except at the banquet.

If I have described the modern undergraduate primarily as a driven creature who is largely ignoring the blithe spirit inside who keeps trying to come out and play, it’s because that’s where the crunch is, not only at Yale but throughout American education. It’s why I think we should all be worried about the values that are nurturing a generation so fearful of risk and so goal-obsessed at such an early age.

I tell students that there is no one “right” way to get ahead—that each of them is a different person, starting from a different point and bound for a different destination. I tell neither them that change is a tonic and that all the slots are not codified nor the frontiers closed. One of my ways of telling them is to invite men and women who have achieved success outside the academic world to come and talk informally with my students during the year. They are heads of companies or ad agencies, editors of magazines, politicians, public officials, television magnates, labor leaders, business executives, Broadway products, artists, writers, economists, photographers, scientists, historians—a mixed bag of achievers.

I asked them to say a few words about how they got started. The students assume that they started in their present profession and knew all along that it was what they wanted to do. Luckily for me, most of them got into their field by a circuitous route, to their surprise, after many detours. The students are startled. They can hardly conceive of a career that was not pre-planned. They can hardly imagine allowing the hand of God or chance to nudge them down some unforeseen trail.

11. To Err Is Wrong

In the summer of 1979, Boston Red Sox first baseman Carl Yastrzemski became the fifteenth player in baseball history to reach the three thousand hit plateaus. This event drew a lot of media attention, and for about a week prior to the attainment of this goal, hundreds of reports covered Yaz’s every more. Finally, one reporter asked, “Hey Yaz, aren’t you afraid all of this attention will go to your head?” Yastrzemski replied, “I look at this way: in my career I’ve been up to bat over ten thousand times. That means I’ve been unsuccessful at the plate over seven thousand times. That fact alone keeps me from getting a swollen head.”?

Most people consider success and failure as opposites, but they are actually both products of the same process. As Yaz suggest, an activity that produces a hit may also produce a miss. It is the same with creative thinking; the same energy that generates good creative ideas also produces errors.

Many people, however, are not comfortable with errors. Our educational system, based on “the right answer” belief, cultivates our thinking in another, more conservative way. From an early age, we are taught that right answers are good and incorrect answers are bad. This value is deeply embedded in the incentive system used in most schools:

Right over 90% of the time = “A”

Right over 80% of the time = “B~”

Right over 70% of the time = “C~” Right over 60% of the time = “D~” Less than 60% correct, you fail.

From this we learn to be right as often as possible and to keep our mistakes to a minimum. We learn, in other words, that “to err is wrong.

Playing It Safe

With this kind of attitude, you aren’t going to be taking too many chances. If you learn that failing even a litter penalizes you (e.g., being wrong only 15% of the time garners you only a “B” performance), you learn not to make mistakes. And more important, you learn not to put yourself to situation where you might fall. This leads to conservative thought pattern designed to avoid the stigma our society puts on “failure”.

I have a friend who recently graduated from college with a Master’s degree in Journalism. For the last six month, she has been trying to find a job, but to no avail. I talked with her about situation, and realized that her problem is that she doesn’t know how to fail. She went through eighteen years of schooling to try any approaches where she might fail. She has been conditioned to believe that failure is bad in and of itself, rather than a potential stepping-stone to new ideas.

Look around. How many middle managers, housewives, administrators, teachers, and other people do you see who are to try anything new because of this failure? Most of us have learned not to make mistakes in public. As a result, we remove ourselves from many learning experience except for those occurring in the most private of circumstances.

Different Logic

From a practical point of view, “to err is wrong” makes sense. Our survival in the everyday world requires us to perform thousand of small tasks without failure. Think about it: you wouldn’t last very long if you were to step out in front of traffic or stick your hand a pot of boiling water. In addition, engineers whose bridges collapse, stock brokers who lose money for their clients, and copywriters whose ad campaigns decrease sales won’t keep their jobs very long.

Nevertheless, too great an adherence to the belief “to err is wrong” can greatly undermine your attempts to generate new ideas. If you are more concerned with producing right answers than generating original ideas, you’ll probably make uncritical use of the rules, formulae, and procedures used to obtain these right answers. By doing this, you’ll by-pass the germinal phase of the creative process, and thus spend litter time testing assumptions, challenging the rules, asking what-if questions, or just playing around with the problem. All of these techniques will produce some incorrect answers, but in the germinal phase errors are viewed as a necessary by-product of creative thinking. As Yaz would put it, “if you want the hits, be prepared for the misses.” That’s the way the game of life goes.

Errors as Stepping Stones

Whenever an error pops up, the usual response is “Jeez, another screw up, what went wrong this time?” the creative thinker, on the other hand, will realize the potential value of errors, and perhaps say something like, “Would you look at that! Where can it lead our thinking?” and then he or she will go on to use the error as a stepping stone to a new idea. As a matter of fact, the whole history of discovery is filed with people who used erroneous assumptions and failed ideas as stepping-stones to new ideas. Columbus thought he was finding a shorter route to India. Johannes Kepler stumbled on to the idea of interplanetary gravity because of assumptions that were right for the wrong reasons. And, Thomas Edison knew 1800 ways not to build a light bulb.

The following story about the automotive genius Charles Kettering exemplifies the spirit of working through erroneous assumptions to good ideas. In 1912, when the automobile industry was just beginning to grow, Kettering was interested in improving gasoline engine efficiency. The problem he faced was“knockthe phenomenon in which gasoline takes too long to burn in the cylinder-thereby reducing efficiency.

Kettering began searching for ways to eliminate the “knock.” He thought to him, “How can I get the gasoline to combust in the cylinder at an earlier time?” the key concept here is “early”. Searching for analogous situations, he looked around for models of “things that happen early.” He thought of historical models, physical models, and biological models. Finally, he remembered a particular plant, the trailing arbutus, which “happens early,” i.e., it blooms in the snow (“earlier” than other plants). One of this plant’s chief characteristics is its’ red leaves, which help the plant retain light at certain wavelengths. Kettering figured that it must be the red color, which made the trailing arbutus bloom earlier.

Now came the critical step in Kettering’s chain of thought. He asked himself, “How can I make the gasoline red?” perhaps I’ll put red dye in the gasoline—maybe that’ll make it combust earlier.” He looked around his workshop, and found that he didn’t have any red dye. But he did happen to have some iodine—perhaps that would do. He added the iodine to the gasoline and, lo and behold, the engine didn’t “knock”.

[英语作文写作的需要背诵的部分

尊敬的各位领导：

首先由于我的工作不认真的原因，没有把工作做好出现了不应该的工作失误在此我做出深刻检讨!

当天由于我工作的马虎大意，忘记了本应该在学习的时候就应该完成的信息反馈!事后经领导检查后才发现犯了过错但为时已晚!

经过领导的批评后我发现，造成没完成作业的主要原因，主要是我责任心不强。通过这件事，我感到这虽然是一件偶然发生的事情，但同时也是长期以来对自己放松要求，工作作风涣散的必然结果。自己身为组长，应该严以律已，对自己严格要求!增强自身的职业态度，避免在工作上的随意性。然而自己却不能好好的约束自己，我对自己的工作没有足够的责任心，也没有把自己的工作更加做好，更加走上新台阶的思想动力。在自己的工作态度中，仍就存在得过且过，混日子的应付想法。现在，我深深感到，这是一个非常不好的想法，如果继续放任自己继续放纵和发展，那么，后果是极其严重的，甚至都无法想象会发生怎样的工作失误。因此，通过这件事，我感觉到自己的不足，所以，在此，我在向领导做出检讨的同时，也向你们表示发自内心的感谢。

检讨人：

尊敬的老师：

您好!

我错了，我不应该早退。早在我刚踏进这个学校的时候，老师就一再强调，作为一个小学生，上课不应该迟到，不应该旷课。然而现在，我却旷课了。几天来，我认真反思，深刻自剖，为自己的行为感到了深深地愧疚和不安，在此，我做出深刻检讨。

老师反复教导言犹在耳，严肃认真的表情犹在眼前，我深为震撼，也已经深刻认识到此事的重要性，于是我一再告诉自己要把此事当成头等大事来抓，不能辜负老师对我们的一片苦心，但是，在实际的生活中，由于个人的惰性，我还是把老师的谆谆教诲抛于脑后。今天写下这份检讨书，不仅是因为一个学校纪律处理的程序需要，更确切的来说，是想通过这份检讨，来让自己牢记老师们的教诲，更让自己时刻敲响警钟!

我不想找任何的理由来为自己开脱，因为错了，就是错了，找理由来逃避，只会使自己越陷越深。推卸责任容易变成一种习惯，而这种习惯养成了就难以去改变了。旷课，不是一件小事。_老师找我谈话的时候，我感到很愧对老师，更愧对我的家人。

最后我想检讨书后面要加保证，可是我不能保证我以后永远都不早退，因为您知道，永远赶不上变化，这个世界是瞬息万变的，唯一不变的就是变，因此，我向您保证，上课，我一定认真听讲，虽然这次我早退了，但是我可以保证以后不再早退!

检讨人：_

20_年_月_日