写妈妈的英语作文(经典20篇)

自从妈妈买了个智能手机后，从前那个勤劳能干、温柔可亲的妈妈再也不见了，被微信，被游戏，被微博带走了。

以前周六日，妈妈总会带上我，到处走走看看，享受大自然给予的美好;每天晚上，妈妈总会变着法子做出各种美味佳肴;饭后，我们一家人其乐融融地围坐在客厅里，谈天说地，别有一番乐趣。

只是，这样的日子，随着智能手机入侵了妈妈的生活，慢慢地消失殆尽了……

饭桌边，一家人围着一起吃饭。我和爸爸专心地吃着，独有妈妈低着头，她可不是在吃饭，而是在勤快地划着手机。一会儿笑着，一会儿皱着眉。这样的结果，往往不是把汤洒了，就是我们把饭吃完了，而妈妈的饭还有一大半。

再过些时日，我发现妈妈煮的饭菜全变味了。不是咸得发苦，就是淡得如水。最好笑的是，有一次妈妈的拿手好菜“糖醋排骨”居然又咸又辣。原来，她顾着玩微信，把酱油看成了醋，还莫名其妙地加了好大一汤匙的辣油。

那天晚上，我做了个梦，梦见全世界的智能手机消失得无影无踪了。我那勤俭持家的妈妈又回来了。我激动得又哭又笑。醒来后，才发现那只是一个梦而已。

妈妈房里的灯又亮了一夜。唉!

Dear Peter，

I’m writing to ask whether you are able to do me a favor。

I want to have a pen friend， hopefully a girl in her early twenties， and with interests similar to mine。 In my mind， she is someone who is interested in traveling， swimming， and playing table tennis。 Besides， it would be better for her to have a pet dog as I have kept one at home for some time。 With such a pen friend， I think I can share with her our traveling experiences， taking care of pets， or whatever we have in mon。 And I believe I will improve my English by doing so and learn more about her country。

I look forward to hearing from you soon。

我妈妈是个很漂亮的女士，我认为她是世界上独一无二的人，因为她很漂亮，比如：她每天都要化装，而且，还经常问我她美丽不美丽呢!我都说她是最美丽的，妈妈听到这话就开心，我很喜欢我的妈妈。

我的妈妈是个很热情的人，每次我放学回来，我妈妈就会热情的把我领到客厅，还有，我妈妈交了很多很多朋友，我估计了一下，大约有几百个朋友呢!我觉得我妈妈真热情呀!

我妈妈的性格是很乐观的，做每件事都很开心，比如：她教我做作业很乐观，她工作也乐观，我妈妈每天都很开心，很少发脾气，我感觉我妈妈很高兴很乐观。

我的妈妈最怕的是毛毛虫，无论是大还是小，都很害怕，只要一看见毛毛虫，就会尖叫，我妈妈还害怕蜘蛛，蜈蚣……我妈妈真胆小呀!

我很爱我的妈妈，妈妈也爱我，我觉得我妈妈什么都好，所以我很喜欢我的妈妈，我很欣赏我妈妈，因为她什么都好。

我欣赏我妈妈。

I love my mother, because she is in the life, study for I hold a lot of heart, one morning when I was in recess and stationery, suddenly saw a bag of pencil case, I thought who put my pencil case in my desk, I looked at it and results in the table: no, I was like a cat on hot bricks, "jingle bell" the bell rang, I was worried, thought: this is terrible, didnt have pencil case. The results I saw mother is JiHuHu towards our class, my pencil case in hand, I have seen a, hurriedly ran quickly to the mother side took the pencil case, said "thanks, mom" ran into the classroom, and Ill sit in the seat, open the pencil-box, saw a piece of paper, see the words "later dont be too careless, even forgot to take my pencil case！" I brush the color in the face, like a big red apple is red.

Another time raining hard, the rain when I went to school, at recess I have a fever, classmate said to the teacher, the teacher make a phone call to mother, mother, hurried to school, I saw my mother mud and water came into the classroom picked up, went to the hospital, the doctor said to her two days, my mother went to school, please the false, take care of me for two days and two nights at the hospital, the third day I good, mom man, I gave my mother a cup of medicine she happy straight kua I sensible, grow up, mother hurts.

Mother paid too much for me, I use words cannot express the mothers love for me.

[感谢我的妈妈英语作文

我的妈妈，像一颗大树，为我遮风挡雨;她也像一盏明灯，为我指引方向。

记得我上二年级的时候，有天晚上，我晚修后放学，妈妈来学校接我回家。天空飘着倾盆大雨，狂风呜呜的吹着，好像要把树枝都折断。妈妈给我打着雨伞，她小心地用雨伞遮住我的身体，而她的全身都被雨水淋湿了。妈妈还把她的水鞋给我穿上，自己却光着脚。回到家里，我发现妈妈的脚被石子划破了，鲜血直流，妈妈强忍着疼痛给我撑伞，保护我不受雨淋。妈妈是为了保护我，脚才被扎破的，我感动地热泪盈眶，心里默默地念叨：“妈妈，谢谢您”。

还记得有一次，妈妈带我去爬白水寨。刚爬到半山腰，我的两只脚像灌了铅似的，好累了，便要放弃不想再继续往上爬。这时候，妈妈在一旁鼓励我：“振兴，努力，坚持下来吧。爬到山顶才能看到最美的风景。”妈妈的眼睛里充满了信任。听了妈妈的话，我用尽全身的力气往上爬，我相信我一定可以爬到山顶的，虽然我的腿还是很累，汗水也浸湿了我的上衣，最终我爬到了山顶，看到了山顶风景秀丽的白水寨水库。我心里美滋滋的，享受着登顶的喜悦，要是没有妈妈的鼓励，我可要错过了这美丽的风景了。我要谢谢妈妈，感谢您在我成长的道路上，一直陪伴我鼓励我，让我学会忍耐懂得坚持!

我想对我的妈妈说：“妈妈，您辛苦了;妈妈，谢谢这么的爱我。我一定会好好学习天天向上，不辜负您的期望”。

To be or nor to be, that is a question. To succeed or to fail? How to

succeed and how to achieve? These problems confuse many teenagers in

nowadays.

We all have dreams, and we all work hard to realize them. But there will

always be some problems and setbacks to stop the pace of advance. When they

appear, what should we do? To stop or to go on? Mrs. Curie told us the answer.

We all know that Mrs. Curie discovered radium, but how many people really know

how hard she worked? At that time, there were many people disapprove of Mrs.

Curie. Although she got over hundreds of difficulties, she still believed in

herself and never gave up. Finally, she succeeded to discover radium. She proved

that she was right by her continuous hard work and her strong spirit. We should

learn from Mrs. Curie. She told us the truth through her own experiences that

believe in yourself, you can do it! Never give up, face the difficulties with a

smile, someday, you will be proud of yourself.

The key to success is confidence. It makes you brave, helps you get over

the troubles, and brings motivation to you. For example, somebody always get

nervous when they have an important speech, if they are in a nervous mood, the

results are always terrible. But if they are confident to themselves, the

results turn out to be better. Therefore, be confident, believe in yourself,

keep smile in your face when comes to difficulties, and you will achieve

more.

My Low-carbon Life

The environmental pollution is worse and worsetoday. Many trees are cut down, and water and air are polluted. As a student Itry to have a low-carbon life to save energy and reduce pollution.

Firstly, I often walk to school. It can reduceair pollution. Secondly, I always turn off the lights and fans when leaving theclassroom. Thirdly, I always make full use of paper and other school things andnever waste water.

I wish more students to join me and make theearth more and more beautiful.

Christmas Day is very popular around the world, when that day comes, we can

see the Christmas products sell everywhere, though Christmas Day is not

originating from China, in our country, more and more people spend that day. A

foreigner pointed out that Christmas meant to be grateful for them, while for

Chinese people, it was just a day for celebrating. To me, Christmas indeed means

a day to have fun.

When I was small, I did not have the concept of Christmas, because in my

mind, I only knew Chinese traditional festivals, I liked Spring Festival best, I

could get a lot of money from parents. When I went to high school, all of my

friends would talk about Christmas Day when the day was near, so I started to

know it. Almost every young people like Christmas, but if you ask them what the

meaning of the day, less of them can answer.

The meaning of Christmas Day is to remind people of Jesus’s birth, it is so

important for the western people, but for me, I only want to have fun, everyone

is celebrating it, so I join them, being happy, that’s enough for me.

Facebook is the most popular social communicational software. People like

to share their information in it and keep in touch with their friends. The

founder of Facebook is a young handsome guy named Mark Zuckerberg. He was being

a dad recently and he announced that he would donate 99 percent of his share for

celebrating his girl’s coming.

99 percent of his share! That is such great amount. The public were so

astonished by his decision. This young guy could only take out the small part of

his share, but he took out nearly the all. His great grace could help a lot of

people to improve their lives, even change their fate.

There are a lot of rich people in the world, but only less people could

make the great decision like Mark Zuckerberg. When the media asked him why he

did this, he said he wanted to reture society and help the people who were in

need of. This money was not necessary for him, but could change a lot of poor

people’s fates and I wanted to help them.

There is no doubt that Mark’s generous indeed will help a lot of

people.

请根据以下提示，并结合具体事例，用英语写一篇短文。

Small things make a big difference。 The small things we do can make us a responsible member of the society。

注意：①无须写标题;

②除诗歌外，文体不限;

③资料务必结合你生活中的具体事例;

④文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称;

⑤词数不少于120，如引用提示语则不计入总词数。

范文：

It isn’t hard to grow up into a responsible member of society。

I can well remember an incident that happened on a rainy Sunday afternoon。 I was on my way to the bookstore and was waiting for the green light at a crossing when a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car， which drove off quickly。 A man immediately rushed to the girl to give her first aid and I joined in without hesitation。 Luckily she was not badly injured and we sent her to the nearest hospital。 Compared with the escaped driver， I am proud of what I did。

As a member of the society， I am aware that being responsible is what it takes to make a better society。

I think everyone likes weekend. Because it’s time for relax and fun. Now I

want to talk about my weekend.

I often spend Saturday for fun. Such as playing basketball with my friends,

watching movies and TV shows, having a trip with family and so on. And I always

spend Sunday for homework and have some rest. Sometimes I visit my grandparents

with my parents. It’s very interesting to visit them.

Today is New Years Eve morning， firecrackers sounding snap snap away. As long as you take a look at the outside， red firecrackers everywhere， come together to form a Red Sea. The family have their own homes going up in the beautiful， it seems like in the match. My family is no exception， sweeping， glass， cabinets， such as rubbing. Prepare the arrival of the New Year. 今天是除夕，上午，鞭炮声劈啪劈啪的响个不停。只要你向外面看一看，到处都是红红的鞭炮，汇成了一条红海。各家人都把自己家打扮的漂漂亮亮的，好像在比美似的。我家也不例外，扫地、擦玻璃、擦柜子等。准备新年的到来。 Afternoon， we posted in accordance with the custom of the Chinese New Year couplets， father and a good paste， and then said to me： "I paste you posted， I looked at the high level you say rich， said that if the lower rising good you "， I asked my father why? Dad said： "The plan is a lucky，" "Oh， I understand，" We posted on the Alliance are： evil Hongfu family happy is： wang gas people to come into everything. 下午，我们就按过年的习俗贴春联，爸爸和好浆糊，然后对我说：“我贴你看着高低我贴高了你就说‘发财’，如果低了就说‘高升’好吗”，我问爸爸为什么呢?爸爸说：“就是图个吉祥”，“噢我懂了”我们贴的上联是：家有宏福千般喜，下联是：人来 旺气万事成。 End paste New Year， we began dumplings. Good luck to Tim， we are still a dumpling in a bag of coins. Dinner， my folder， a Dumpling， one to eat， "cough，" the voice of a coin吃出for my whole family applauded， and say that I am lucky this year. After dumplings， we saw the Chinese New Year Festival， my favorite essay nd "yellow soybeans." Liu Qian first a one-dollar coins into the cup， then into the host egg rings. "Bean yellow" in a person to "take off clouds" that they "Li Xiangyun" really funny. No wonder people say： "Spring Festival Evening Show" is a cultural feast. 贴完春联，我们就开始包饺子。为了添吉祥，我们还在一个饺子里包了一个硬币。吃晚饭时，我夹了一个饺子，一吃 “咯”的一声，吃出一个硬币全家人都为我鼓掌，说我今年有福气。吃完饺子，我们又

Blair is my classmate as well as my best friend. We have already known each

other for ten years. We live in the same block so that we always go to school

together. She has long hair, big eyes and sweet smile, which makes her popular

in my class. Blair works hard and she is a good student in the eyes of teachers.

Besides, she is clever and kindhearted. When others turn to her for help, she

always tries her best to help. I feel proud to have such a good friend.

本学期，我将结合学校工作计划和学校教学工作计划的要求，规范常规教学，提高教学质量，努力形成自己的教学特色。

一、总体思路

以努力提高教学质量为目标，以抓好教学常规工作，提高英语合格率为重点，采用任务型教学法，注重“学困生”的教育补差工作，形成良好的教学风气。

二、学生情况分析

经过一学期的学习，从上期期末成绩来看，七年级两个班的英语成绩比较理想。平均分82分。大部分学生学习目的明确，态度端正，掌握了英语学习的一些基本方法，能够积极主动认真地学习，学习成绩较好。但还有少部分学生没有明确的学习目的，缺少学习的热情和主动性，自觉性较差，相应的学习习惯也差，加上两极分化十分严重。

三、教材分析

《Goforit》七年级下册共14个单元，包括2个复习单元。全书采用任务型语言教学模式，融汇话题、交际功能和语言结构，形成了一套循序渐进的生活化的学习程序。每个单元都列出明确的语言目标，主要的功能项目与语法结构，需要掌握的基本词汇，并分为A、B两部分。A部分是基本的语言内容，B部分是知识的扩展和综合的语言运用。每个单元还有selfcheck部分，供学生自我检测本单元所学的语言知识。它采用“语言的输入---学生的消化吸收---学生的语言输出”为主线编排的。

四、教学目标

掌握本册书上的重点词汇、词组以及句型。通过本学期的学习，培养学生对英语的学习兴趣，形成有效的学习策略，有效提高学习效率，发展双基能力;培养听、说、读、写的能力，使学生初步获得运用英语的能力，达到语言运用能力的迁移和拓展;通过了解世界，了解不同地区的人文风俗，学会理解和尊重异国文化，并使学生在人际交往中学会尊重和理解别人，能在小组活动中积极与他人合作，相互帮助，共同完成学习任务，尽情享受学习的乐趣。

五、教学措施

1、加强词汇教学，包括单词拼写、词义记忆，语言功能的训练。

词汇是文章、句子的基本单位，词汇量的大小，将直接关系到学生能否流利地运用英语进行交际;能否熟练地用英语读和写;能否顺利地用英语思考。从上学期的期末考试所反映的问题看，在今后的教学中，在加强拼读与拼写的同时，应帮助学生进行有意识记，应加强对词的用法及内在含义的理解，要培养学生用英语解释单词的能力，逐步启发引导学生用英语思考。单词教学一定要做到词不离句，这样，学生在学会了单词的同时，也学会了词的一些基本用法。

2、每天背诵课文中的对话，培养语感。

3、基本的语法教学一定要与语境相结合。

进行语法操练时，要坚持“四位一体”，即话题、语境、结构、功能相结合。抓住话题，联系语境，确定语法结构，明确语法功能(交际功能)。要重视语法知识对于培养语言运用功能的基础作用，又要注重改革教法。课堂上一定要有生动活泼的教学活动。

4、进一步培养阅读能力和写作能力。

阅读和写作能力的培养是英语教学的又一重点。阅读和写作能力的培养在于平时。教师在平时讲解阅读理解题时，应着力帮助学生分析语言材料，而不是核对答案;平常应该多写作文。

5、做好学困生转化和优秀生培养工作。

优秀生：___，___，__，___。

学困生：___，___，__，___，___，___，___，___，___，___，___，___，___。

尤其对学困生进行专门辅导，布置一些作业，让他们在小进步、小转变中体会学习的快乐，树立学习的自信，尽快成长起来。

6、继续搞好师徒结对活动。

师徒结对活动也是一种好的学习方式。

7、作业布置要做到数量适中，批阅及时，对出现的问题要跟踪矫正，认真讲评，尽量面批面改。提高练习质量，要精选资料。

六、教研课题

《浅谈英语阅读能力的培养》

措施：用新的教学理念指导英语阅读教学，进一步改变教法和学法，培养学生对英语阅读的兴趣，提高学生的英语阅读能力，提高英语教学效果。

1、尝试通过各种形式的学习，例如复述课文、把课文改编成情景剧、阅读竞赛等活动，提高学生学习英语的兴趣，从而达到自主积累、综合运用英语的目的，并指导学生运用科学的方法记忆单词、阅读课文，取得事半功倍的效果。

2、通过信息技术与学科整合的手段，以课内为基础，增加课外阅读的量，指导学生借助信息手段和工具书理解文章基本内容的方法，提高学生的英语自学能力。

3、以复述课文、回答问题、判断正误、通过上下文线索猜词义为载体，培养学生的综合阅读技能，提高学生的英语阅读理解能力。

妈妈，你如果能换一种方式来教育我，我敢肯定我成绩不会在原地停留或下降，反而会让我的成绩往上涨，那一种方法就是——鼓励。

你现在经常批评我，这让我有一种感觉——放学回家，让我有一种完不成作业的压力;考试时，会让我紧张，会想：考不好，妈妈又该批评我了。一乱想，就会导致我不能正常发挥，成绩就不理想了。如果你能够把你的批评换成一种鼓励的教育形式，那这些压力会不复存在，消失得无影无踪，可你并没有这样做，你依旧是以批评为主，这让我产生了害怕、抵触的情绪。

当然，你会认为不断的鼓励会让我产生骄傲自满的想法，会将我引入歧途，导致我得意忘形，正所谓“骄兵必败。”这只是你的想法，并不是我的，我需要的是你的鼓励，你的鼓励会让我增强自信，会让我有勇气面对一些困难和挫折，相反我会变得懦弱，胆小，怕事。所以，请你鼓励我吧!

妈妈，给你举一个简单的例子：我每次在魔耳英语补习班里，李老师很可亲，无论是在学习还是生活中，总是经常鼓励同学们，同学们也很喜欢她。而我在李老师的鼓励下，英语考试总能觉得轻松无比，成绩自然也会好起来。所以，请你鼓励我吧!

妈妈，改变一下你的教育方法：多鼓励我吧!

导语：妈妈爸爸是世界上最爱我们的人，我们应该好好孝敬他们。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文我的妈妈，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

My mother is sixty-three years old, and for the last forty year she has been the village doctor. She has a small clinic that she prepares medicine and treats small injuries,and also sells canned powder milk.

Our house has people in and out at all hours of the day and night.

The villagers always like to come to her clinic to see the doctor and to meet their neighbors, too.

Almost all the villagers come to my mother when their baby is due. My mother is very good at predicting the day the baby will come.

Sometimes my mother will not get enough sleep if the babies come late at night or early in the morning.

There are special rooms for the mother and baby, and usually they stay at the doctors house about twenty-four hours.

We always like to see the new babies get their first bath because they look so red and small.

All the village people know and trust my mother because she is such a quiet, kind,and experienced friend of theirs.

【参考翻译】

我妈妈六十三岁了，在过去的四十年里她一直是乡村医生。她有一个小诊所，她准备药物和治疗小伤，也卖罐装奶粉。

我们的房子日夜都有人进出。

村民们总是喜欢到她的诊所去看医生，并会见他们的邻居，太。

几乎所有的村民都到我母亲的时候，他们的孩子是由于。我妈妈很擅长预测婴儿会出生的那一天。

有时我的母亲将无法得到足够的睡眠，如果婴儿在深夜或清晨。

有专门的房间，为母亲和婴儿，通常他们留在医生的房子约二十四小时。

我们总是喜欢看到新的婴儿第一次洗澡，因为他们看起来这么红和小。

村里所有的人都知道和信任我的母亲，因为她是一个安静，善良，经验丰富的朋友。

Healthy eating habits are very important for our health. We should build

healthy eating habits. We should eat fresh vegetables and fruits everyday.They

supply rich and the necessary vitamins for us. We also should eat less meat

everday.And we had better drink a glass of milk in the morning or at night.

Besides, we should focus on abalanced diet, which assures us the necessary

nutritions. Junk food is a fatal killer for our health so that we should stay

far from them. It is said that most of students do not eat anything at all in

the morning. It is very bad for our health. Breakfast is the most important meal

for people.

Many years ago, when the first computer came into being, many people

predicted the age of computer has come. Now only two decades passed, here comes

the new age of cellphone. Lets look at how people depend on the phone. They use

cellphone to work and to communicate with families and friends. With the

development of technology, online payment is popular and people just need a

cellphone to pay all the bills. How convenient it is. We are lucky to live in

the age of technology. But at the same time, if we dont control ourselves, we

will lose in the technology world, such as some children overuse cellphone and

learn nothing at all.

“世上只有妈妈好，有妈的孩子像个宝”每当听到这首歌，我的心中就有一股暖流涌过。我的妈妈是一名教师，她无微不至地关心我，照顾我，为了我的健康成长，她付出了全部的心血。

妈妈很关心我的学习。她每天都要辅导我的功课。双休日还要带我学英语，练书法，弹钢琴妈妈和我一起上课，还认真地做笔记。妈妈真辛苦！

还记得那个深秋的夜晚，我突然发起了高烧，妈妈着急得头上直冒汗，她连忙抱着我到医院。因为光线太暗，妈妈在楼梯口摔了一跤。可是她还是紧紧地护着我的身体。我握着妈妈的手，发觉妈妈的手很凉很凉。我的心里热乎乎的，眼泪在眼眶里打转。几天后，我的病好了，妈妈也瘦了一圈。

妈妈，你为我付出了那么多，我想对您说：“妈妈，我爱您！祝您永远年轻，快乐！”

Everyone has their own dreams， I am the same. But my dream is not a lawyer， not a doctor， not actors， not even an industry.

Perhaps my dream big people will find it ridiculous， but this has been my pursuit! My dream is to want to have a folk life! I want it to become a beautiful painting， it is not only sharp colors， but also the colors are bleak， I do not rule out the painting is part of the black， but I will treasure these bleak colors! Not yet， how about， a colorful painting， if not bleak， add color， how can it more prominent American? Life is like painting， painting the bright red color represents life beautiful happy moments. Painting a bleak color represents life difficult， unpleasant time. You may find a flat with a beautiful road is not very good yet， but I do not think it will. If a person lives flat then what is the point?

Life is only a short few decades， I want it to go Finally， Each memory is a solid.

I had a very rich winter vacation this year.

At the time of the holiday, my mother was going to work. I was at home in

the daytime. My mother just went home for lunch at noon. Mother said, do things

tight and loose. I hope to finish my homework earlier, so I basically follow the

schedule of school, but I didnt get up early when I got up in the morning. When

I was at school, I had to get up before dawn. In a few days, I finished the

written homework assigned by the teacher, and the rest is to recite Tang poetry

every day, review English and finish the exercises that have not been completed

this semester. In my spare time, I will read extracurricular books. I have read

several extracurricular books during the winter vacation, "childrens literature

in China", "love education", sometimes I will read "readers". Im looking at Niu

Niu by the writer Zhou Guoping.

Close to the end of the year, the busy mother was even more busy. Grandma

knew, and went to our home to help take care of the family, lighten the burden

of mother, grandma came, I have a companion. So my schedule changed. I did

homework in the morning, and I had a new project in the afternoon, that is, let

my grandmother call me knitting yarn. Many people think that knitting wool is a

girls favorite thing to do. I think knitting is fun, so I learn to knit. Mom

said, "knitted sweater is not only fun, but also can exercise our fingers

flexibility very well, which will help greatly in the future, such as typing and

typing, etc. Sometimes, I also contact my classmates, or invite my classmates to

play at home, that is my happiest moment.

The time is so fast that the mommy unit has a holiday. Mom busy in the

work, then busy with things at home. Of course, I have not been idle, I have my

mother went to the market to buy special purchases for the Spring Festival, we

bought a lot of food special purchases for the Spring Festival, poultry meat,

sweets, fruits, beautify Home Furnishing bonsai flowers, festive couplets......

My mother put the flowers and pots well. I drank my father and put it on the

Spring Festival couplets. On the door, and on the walls of the house, a red,

red, big "blessing" was attached to the house. In a moment, the family was

disguised as a year of Chinese taste.

The bell of the new year rounded, we welcomed the year of the tiger, and

people were immersed in a cheerful atmosphere. On the first day of the year, my

mother and I went to relatives, friends and elders. Every time I go, I will

receive the red envelopes from my elders. I think I have received not only a red

bag but a good blessing and a good expectation from my elders. I will study hard

and live up to the expectations of my elders.