给圣诞老人的一封信书英语作文（精品20篇）

敬爱的殷老师：

你好！

你在我人生道路上，是至关重要的一员，如果没有你，那我可能已经对英语绝望了，不是你的出现，我也不会充满了希望。假如我没有遇到你，我一定已经没了信心。

你还记得吗？有次我在课堂上被点名读课文，而那篇课文我还没学过，所以我没有勇气读。可突然有个人对我说：“别怕，没有事，不会的单词问我。”我抬头一看原来是老师，我又充满了斗志，充满了信心。我终于把课文读完了。

你还记得吗？有一次虽然我们没考好，但你依旧带我们去外面放松放松心情，我们知道你这是想我们下回考好。我们一定不会辜负你的，我们一定加油，一定会拼尽全力。有一次，我在办公室门口看到有的老师上QQ，有的看电视，有的打游戏，有的玩电脑，而你却在桌子前改作业。别的班的老师都让组长改，而你都是自己改。

你还记得吗？有一次我们不听话，你罚我们到外头罚站。而我们也心甘情愿，因为你这是为了我们好！

老师，我们永远不会忘了你的。

祝你工作顺利。

你的学生：王淳

20**年5月5日

Dear Sarah,

I am terribly sorry to tell you that I am unable to attend your birthday

part next Thursday evening. That is owing to the fact that my younger brother

suddenly fell ill and was taken to a hospital this morning. I have to go there

immediately and take care of him. As told by the doctor in charge, it will take

around five days for him to recover and I have asked my boss for a leave.

I really regret that I cannot go to celebrate your birthday personally and

would miss the perfect chance of enjoying myself with all our old friends. I

have chosen a small gift for you and will send it to you tomorrow to show my

best wishes. Besides, please give my regards to our friends when you meet them

at the party.

Cordially,

Li Ming

Dear _______ ，

I am excessively sorry to tell say to you that _______(直接说出道歉事由)。 Now ， I am writing you this letter of apology to show my deep regret 。 Please accept my sincere apology 。 I hope you will understand me and excuse me for _______(请求对方原谅的事由)。

The reason for my delayabsencenegligence was that _______(过失的原因)。 I had no time because _______(当时的状况)。 Therefore it’s not in my power to _______(过失导致的结果)。

Naturally ， I want to _______(解决问题的办法)。 I shall be obliged if you will kindly write and tell me that _______(期望对方原谅自我)。 I wish you could accept my apology 。

Sincerely yours ，

Li Ming

The secret of success is not so much money as a strong will. A great man is

one who has a strong will and an indomitable spirit. In other words, if a man

does not have a strong will to win the final victory, he will never succeed in

his life. He is no more than a failure.It is quite obvious that there is no

difficult thing in the world. if you make up your mind to do it, you will

certainly accomplish your end. That stands to reason.

Dear ___,

I am so sorry that I was late to the class this morning.Although it because

that I missed the bus so that I had to wait another 15 minutes for the next

one,I still need to take the full responsibility for it.

If you would accept my appologize,that would be great.I promiss you that I

will not be late to any class again.

Yours sincerely

Tony Blair

Its fine today. Tom and his family are at a park. The man in white is his

father. He is standing by the lake and looking at the boats. The woman in blue

is his mother. She is sitting on the grass. Beside his mother is Alice, his

sister. She is eating cake. The park is big, and there are many trees and

flowers in it. They are having a good time.

考研英语小作文模板(感谢信)：

Dear______,

I am writing to extend my sincere gratitude for __________________(感谢的原因). If it had not been for your assistance in __________________(对方给你的具体帮助), I fear that I would have been___________________(没有对方帮助时的后果).

Every one agrees that it was you who___________________________(给出细节).Again, I would like to express my warm thanks to you! Please accept my gratitude.

Yours sincerely

Li Ming

2.6感谢信 thanks letter[2010 年真题，今年不太可能再考]

1, Outline

Para1, S1, 写信目的：感谢,thanks

Para2,S1,原因1：友好热情 S2，原因2：慷慨帮助 S3，原因3：友谊 S4，内容：感谢方式

Para3,S1，再次感谢 S2，祝福

Key words:Generous 慷慨的;

2, Example

Dear Judy,

I’m writing the letter for the purpose of conveying my thanks for your warm reception [during my recent visit to your country].

Your friendly warmth made it possible that I have a pleasant time in America. And it was your generous help that allowed me the chance to know the American culture better. In addition, I consider in an honor for me to make a friends of you. I hope that you would visit our country in due course so that I could enjoy the opportunity to repay your kindness and refresh our friendship. Please accept my sincere thanks. Wish you all the best.

Yours truly,

Li Ming

Dear xxx,

I would like to convey my heartfelt thanks to you for your kindness to receive me when I participated in an exchange program in USA.

Your generous help made it possible that I had a very pleasant stay and a chance to know

American cultures better. Besides, I think it is an honor for me to make friends with you and I will cherish the goodwill you showed to me wherever I go. I do hope that you will visit China one day, so that I could have the opportunity to repay your kindness and refresh our friendship.

I feel obliged to thank you again.

Sincerely yours,

Zhang Wei

9.感谢信

感谢信是对收信人的某一行为表示感谢。

写作策略：

感谢信还有浓厚的感情色彩，具有比较浓的人情味，因此可操作性不是太强。考生即便学习了一篇范文，但对另外一道此类题目也是可能不知该从何处入手。实际上感谢信（还包

括表扬信）从内容上恰恰与投诉信相反，因此可以直接套用投诉信的写法，只需将投诉信主体段落对投诉理由的具体说明改为对感谢或表扬理由的具体说明即可。例如，一道题目说代我在一个旅馆信了一段时间，但方方面面都不尽如人意，回家后你和家人都闹肚子，请你写一封投诉信。而另外一道题则是说你在一家旅馆住了一段时间，在那里度过了一段美好的时光，请你写一封感谢信。这两封信在主体段落上都可以从几个方面对该旅馆进行投诉或感谢，都可以从服务、饮食卫生、客房环境等几个方面来说明投诉或感谢的理由，只需将投诉信的不满改为感谢信的满意即可。由此可知，只要掌握了投诉信的写法，感谢信也应当是手到擒来。

感谢信开头段常用句式和套话

I am writing to extend my sincere gratitude for...

I am writing to express my thanks for...

I am writing to show my sincere appreciation for...

I would like to convey in this letter my heartfelt thanks to you for... I feel deeply indebted to you and I really dont know how to thank you enough for your help.

感谢信结尾段常用句式和套话

I must thank you again for your generous help.

I am most grateful for your selfless donation.

My true gratitude is beyond the words description.

I feel most obliged to thank you once more.

Please accept my gratitude, now and always.

★例：

Directions:

After being involved in an accident, you were looked after by another person. Write a letter:

1) mentioning what happened in the accident,

2) telling the person about your recovery, and

3) expressing your thanks.

You should write with no less than 100 words on Answer Sheet 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.

范文：

Dear John,

I am writing to thank you for looking after me after that unfortunate accident the other day, when I was knocked off my bike by a taxi. If it had not been for your assistance in giving me first aid and taking me to a nearby hospital, I fear that the consequences might have been much more serious.

The doctor says that my broken leg is healing well. In addition, the taxi company has agreed to pay my hospital bills. Everyone agrees that it was your quick-witted response in that Emergency that has led to this satisfactory outcome.

Although nowadays many people talk about the need to be unselfish and to help others, we see very few people practicing what they preach. But you showed by your actions that you are an exception.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

七、感谢信参考范文

Directions:

While your family was on vacation, your friend, Mary looked after your dog, Smart. Now you came back, write a letter to her to show your gratitude.

Your letter should be no less than 100 words. You don’t need to write the address. Don’t sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead.

Dear Mary,

I am writing to express our heartfelt thanks for your taking good care of Smart while we were on holiday.

He was such a happy dog when we got home. We knew he must have had lots of loving attention. When we picked up him from the kennel in your home he would whimper and carry on for hours.

You not only saved us some money, but also spared us the worry about him while we were away. Your kind help is very appreciated, not only by Smart, but also by our whole family as well. Please accept our thanks again.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

（107 words）

考研英语作文指之感谢信

范文

Directions: While your family was on vacation, your friend, Cathy looked after your dog, smart. Now you came back, write a letter to her to show your gratitude. Your letter should be no less than 100 words. You dont need to write the address. Dont sign your own name at the end of the letter, use Emily instead.

Dear Cathy,

I am writing to express our heartfelt thanks for taking good care of smart while we were on holiday. He was such a happy dog when we got home;

we knew he must have had lots of loving attention. When we used to pick up from the kennel he would whimper and carry on for hours.

You not only saved us some money, you also spared us the worry of how he was doing while we were away. Your kind help is very much appreciated, not only by smart, but also by our whole family as well.

Yours truly,

Emily

译文

我写信是要谢谢在我们度假期间你帮助我们照顾小狗。我回来时看见它是那么高兴，就知道你对它一定很好。以前每次度假回来，去寄存中心接它时它总是非常难过，要持续几个小时。

你不但帮我们省了钱，也使我们免于对于它的担心。对于你的帮助我们都非常感谢。

你真诚的：艾米丽

考研英语作文指导之道歉信

范文

Directions: one of your pen friends, John, will be visiting your city. However, for some reasons, you can not meet him at the airport on time. Write a letter asking to wait for you at the airport and tell him how to recognize you. Your letter should be no less than 100 words. You dont need to write the address. Dont sign your own name at the end of the letter, use Alice instead.

Dear John,

I am eagerly looking forward to your visit to our city. After all these years of writing to each other, I can not wait to see you. However, I regret to inform you that I will not be able to meet you at the airport on time. The reason is that your flight will arrive early in the morning, and the earliest I can reach the airport will be about an hour after you land. Will you please wait for me in the arrival lounge? You can have breakfast while you wait.

By the way, as we have never met I must tell you home to identify me: I am of 165cm tall and have a long hair. In addition, I will wear a white skirt and carry a China Daily at hand.

Hope we can meet soon.

Sincerely yours,

Alice

译文

亲爱的约翰：

我非常期待着你来参观我们的城市。这么多年来我们一直通信，我早就想见到你了。但是很抱歉我不能按时到机场接你。

因为你的飞机是一大早就到达机场，而我最早也要1小时后才能到。你能不能在旅客休息室等我，你可以利用这段时间吃早饭。

随便说一句，因为我们没过面，我得告诉你怎么找我：我大概1.65米，长发。另外我会穿一件白色的裙子，手上拿一份中国日报。

希望早点见到你。

你真挚的：艾丽丝

作文模版（十）感谢信

Dear Xiaoqiang:

I am writing to extend my sincere gratitude.I am referring to the fact that you have donated a lot of money and food(given more help/made great contributions)to the victims in the earthquake of Si Chuan.

If it had not been for your timely assistance in giving me first aid,I fear that the

consequences might have been much serious.Everyone agrees that it was your quick-witted response(unselfish help he caring donation he message of donation escuedonating blood)that has led to this satisfactory outcome.

Although nowadays people in mounting numbers talk about the need to be unselfish,we see very few people practice what they preach.If there were more people like you,this world would be a much nicer place.Once again,thank you for all you have done for us.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming（107）

Two years ago, I lived in my hometown. It is a beautiful place for me and I

like the life there. Every day, I wake up early in the morning, then I will walk

in the country road with my grandma. We will meet some people and we say hello

to each other. The trees are so green and the water is so clean. I play a lot of

time in the small river. I have the beautiful memory there.

陈老师,您好:

我是五年三班vv

简单的讲,我曾经以为通过这个假期的努力,我会让他喜欢上英语,但看起来我是错了.尽管这个假期又重新补了第八册的英语,但是他还是有些抵触心态......只是希望这学期能得到陈老师的积极支持与鼓励.哪怕是

每一课的单词认真写了,课文很流利的背出来了,课堂会积极回答问题了,课外又读了一个英语故事或笑话等.我希望他得到你的赞赏和鼓励.因为您的一句话,一个鼓励,一句赞赏,可能就会增加他的学习兴趣,也会给他留下终生的记忆.......也可能因此而改变他的一生!!!

陈老师,其实我们知道您非常希望您的每一个学生都学好它......喜欢它.......甚至从他们中间走出未来的外交家,出色的外商,即便是个出租车司机也是可以和老外自如交流的人.

是的,但是有时也许只是一个鼓励的眼神,一句积极的语言,他们都可能会增加学习外语的

兴趣.而且如果能够让他们用外语交流感兴趣的话题,这也不失为一种提高学习英语兴趣的方法.他们可能会因此而改变一生,因为他因你的鼓励支持而喜欢上了它.

我希望也盼望着听到他不断喜欢英语学习的消息.发自内心的说声谢谢您.!!!

我的联系电话是_____________.任何时候都愿意听到您美妙的声音.

祝您工作愉快!!!

vv

Today is Saturday. I was so happy that my grandparents would come to visit

us, because they haven’t seen us for a long time, so they carried some local

food. I was so excited to eat my grandma’s food. She always knew my favorite

food. We talked happily and I enjoyed the happy moment.

There was once a little boy called Guy, and he was eight years old. He was

in third grade; one day when he was at school, he found out that tomorrow was

picture day, and so he had got to take a shower. And before he even got to think

about picture day, his teacher Mrs. Creature, said that they were having a

project, and it was all about their family.

The teacher said, “This project shall be today’s homework, and I want it to

be perfect for I am going to tell your parents if you don’t do it.” Suddenly

Guy’s sister Cally stood up and said, “Mrs. Creature, is it okay that I finish

it on class?” “Sure thing Cally;” answered Mrs. Creature smiling, “But there is

only a problem, it is that you must let your brother copy this report on your

paper so that you could help him; then you will have to do another report of

your own, or you’ll both fail!”

Cally and Guy apparently got home, and Cally said, “Mrs. Creature’s hates

me…” “Yeah, it’s hilarious!” shouted Guy, “Let me just copy your paper and we’re

done, okay?” “Ugh,” replied Cally; She reached her hand into her hand, and

pulled out a piece of paper; and said, “This goes over every bone in my delicate

body, but, careful; it’s hand written,” then Guy asked, “Is this gold ink

paper?” then Cally shouted at him and said, “Anything happened to this paper and

your family history ends right here pal!” and then she walked to her room.

Guy walked to the sofa and said, “My running is fast, I have nothing to

worry about it;” then suddenly his father came with a paper shredder in his

hands and said, “Hey Guy, check out my new paper shredder and…” He had barely

finished when suddenly; Guy threw Cally’s report into the shredder by accident,

and “azuowenz!” like that sound, Cally’s report was shredded. Guy called, “No!”

then his dad was ashamed and said, “Oh, I guess it isn’t a good thing to walk

around with this thing turned on;” and then he ran off with his legs behind his

butt.

Suddenly, Guy’s body shook, and he turned into Shezow. He went to Sheila,

his, or her, super computer, and said to her; “What’s wrong Sheila, I’m kind of

busy around here and…”

“Dude, or should I say Shezow, this isn’t about your own business; because

there is an emergency out there.

After a breath Sheila said to Guy, “Mega monkey is on the attack, and

according to me he should be back in time.” Then Guy said, “Road trip! Time

traveling!” then he hopped into the sheicel and drove off to time travel… He was

excited.

She drove off right away. After that, she found some of the pass few

Shezows. At last Sheila said to Shezow, “My scan is lining up like dynamite,

follow that flapper!” shouted Sheila. Shezow followed it just as Sheila said,

and found herself in the 1920s; “Wow, it looks like the 1920s,” said Maze, Guy’s

brother. Then Shezow zoomed into a tornado.

When she opened her eyes, she found herself in 1924, the Shezow in that

time saved her world from Mega monkey that had escaped not long before, and

Sheila then said, “Quick, to the beginning!” then she allowed Shezow to drive to

the beginning where they might save the day…

Shezow at last arrived at the beginning, and she stopped in time. At first

a dinosaur was chasing her and was very, very frightened. But the Shezow in that

time saved her, she was grateful; then she found her or his or Guy’s report

there at the beginning Shezow’s lair…

The next day at school, when Guy’s report was handed out, he got an A+; and

when Cally’s report was handed out, she got an A-…

Dear Miss Wang:

I am writing to express my sinceregratitude for your help in my study. Without your help , my study would not bethe top three in my class. It was you who always standed by me when I am fall.You pointed my mistakes and told me how to make them right. You always workedtirelessly to train my patience.Your continuous encouragement is my greatestmotivation.

I sincerely hope that you can have a goodhealth and stay happy. In addition, I wonder if you can pay a lot of attentionto your health, get more rest.

Again, I sincerely thank you for your help!

Yours

Lily

亲爱的王老师：

我写信是想诚挚的感谢你在我学习上的帮助。没有你的帮助，我的成绩就不会排在班级前三名。是你在我失败的时候一直支持我。我帮我指出错误并告诉我怎样改正它们。你总是不知疲倦地训练我的耐心。你不断的鼓励是我最大的动力。

我真心祝愿您身体健康，永远快乐。另外，我希望你能多注意你的健康，多多休息。

再次感谢你的帮助!

你的学生

李丽

敬爱的英语老师：

您好!

我知道您担负着全校的英语课的教学任务，工作已经很忙了。但是为了让我们把英语学得更好，我想向您提几条建议，希望您能抽出一点儿时间看看我的这封信。

我非常喜欢英语。我觉得每个同学都应该好好学习英语。这也是以后我们更进一步学习的基础，为了让同学们对英语感兴趣，把英语学好，我有这样几点建议：

一、组织同学们搜集有关资料，共同讨论学习英语的重要性，让大家从思想上重视英语的学习。

二、利用节日、纪念日举办各种活动，来激发大家学习英语的热情。例如，组织大家排练英语节目，小短剧、歌曲、诗歌朗诵……既丰富了大家的课余生活，又锻炼了大家的英语表达能力，还能提高学习英语的兴趣，这不是一举多得的好事吗?

三、我建议其他各学科的老师也能掌握一些英语日常用语，师生见面，用英语打招呼，上课时，师生用英语互相问候。这样在学校里创设学英语用英语的环境，更有利于大家的学习。

我想，如果我们这样坚持下去，一定会有很大的收获的，英语水平也会有大幅度的提高。这样就会为我们以后中学的学习打下坚实的基础。我真心希望得到您的支持!

祝老师工作顺利!身体健康!

您的学生章琳

In the thick forest, so live a little dog, his name is little Wolf. One

day, the little Wolf went to the forest school, see the little monkey escaped

from the school, the situation was little Wolf saw this, he went over and said

to him; "What are you doing to the little monkey?" "SHH, I went to Internet

cafes to play games." Answered the little monkey. "Then why did you go to play

games and dont go to school?" Little Wolf puzzled asked. "Alas, my English has

been bad, only to spend time in playing games. By the way, would you like to

accompany me to play several." Asked the little monkey. "No, I have to go to

school, besides, the teacher also dont we go to play the game!" Little Wolf

replied. "You really dont go to?" Asked the little monkey. "Not to go." Little

Wolf replied. "Youll regret it ?

I had the second a gry Summer Holiday in Los Angeles America.

Los Angeles is a beauliful city.There are blue sky green grass.Grass fields

were intermixed with areas of woodland.We walked across the springy grass.l like

here.

I went to a lot of place Disnep`s park and Hollywood.This summer holiday l

made some new friends. Do you know who they are?Let me tell you：they are my

favorite books ,l like books very much .I like reading science books, English

books, Chinese books, cartoon books and so on .Not only let me know how

wonderful the word is but also teach me how to be a good person in the society

,they give me great pleasure .So l love book very much.

I had a happy summer holiday with my books . How about your holiday. Los

Angeles is one of my greatest pleasures to come here .I learned some English

words l am very happy! Custom makes all things easy!

I like to collect pencil case when I am in grade two, because I am so crazy

about the lovely cartoon pictures. When I watch a hot cartoon movie, then I will

start to search my favorite cartoon characters in the products. Pencil case is

around me all the time. When I see the pictures, I will be full of energy.

Dear Mr. John:

How are things going with you in Beijing?

I am writing to show my thanks to you. You tutored me in my spoken English

before you went to Beijing. With your help I made such rapid progress that I won

the first place in the Spoken English Competition of the city. My achievement is

owed to your help. Thank you very much.

I have heard that you and your wife will pay a visit to my school. I am

very glad at the news. In that case we can see each other again. I am looking

forward to your coming. I am sending you a telescope as a small gift. I hope you

will like it.

All the best.

Yours,

Liu Jie

I was just a little girl five years old. At that age, I did nothing. Every

morning I would get up early and start dressing up to the playground to play. I

have no friends, but I am curious that I could make some by sharing things. And

so I took some bread from the cupboard, took a bottle of milk and ran to the

playground.

There were many children playing there: Some were playing hide and seek,

some were playing tag; some were playing catch, some were playing toys; some

were building sand castle… I ran to the sand pile, there I met some girls

building sand castles. I asked, “May I sit down here, please?” “Suit yourself

coward!” shouted the girls rudely at me.

And so I sat down and began to play. After I had finished half my sand

castle, I heard the girls say, “I am so hungry, but I don’t have money to buy

thing,” and then it hit me; “I have some bread to share with them.” And so I

took some bread out of my bag, and said, “Here, have some bread.” When the girls

took the bread they ate it and said, “Well, well; looks like we have a hero. But

I am not going to be your friend!”

I had spread some jam on my bread and took another piece, put it on top and

started to eat. When I had finished the last bite, I put the rest in my bag, and

went away. I was very sad that sharing things didn’t help me make friends; I

shall have to think of another. After ten days I have thought of another way,

and so started out to the fields. There sat a girl shepherd sitting next a rock.

Now it all happened that this girl was the one that had helped me with

everything I have.

I quietly took out a piece of paper, and wrote some words: I haven’t seen

you for a long time, and so have decided to write you this. I want to thank you

for all you have done for me in the past few years, what do you want me to do

you for this month? After I had finished writing the last words, I put it inside

an envelope; licked the stamp, and stuck in on the right corner of the envelope;

at last closed the top.

After that, I ran to her mail box and put it inside, and then went home.

After a few days I have found a letter from the shepherd girl in my mailbox. I

carefully opened it, and in it was a piece of paper; on the paper were some

words, these are the words: I am very grateful for your kindness, but really I

have much work to do in the fields; If you come here and be a shepherd with me;

then that is the most best thing you could do for me. After reading this, I

thought to myself: I am alone so I guess I could be a shepherd. And so I told my

parents, and set off.

Finally, I had arrived; the shepherd girl came to meet me. “Now I am you

friend Margaret.” said the shepherd girl to me.

A tree has three main parts, the roots, the branches and the leaves. Under

the ground, the roots spread out so that the tree can stand firm. Above the

ground, the roots form the trunk, and the trunk supports the branches.

Near the top of the tree, the trunk divides into branches. At the top of

the tree, the leaves grow out of the branches. the leaves receive sunlight to

help the whole tree grow.

Can Money Buy Happiness?

Can money buy happiness? Different people have different opinions. Some

think yes, while others hold the opposite.

It is true that with enough money one can buy all the things one wants, and

live a life of comfort and security. However, it is equally true that lack of

money causes great distress. It is a common view that "money is the root of all

evil." The pursuit of money drives many people to cheat and steal. In some

places there is nothing that cannot be bought with money, resulting in corrupt

societies where everybody is miserable.

So, money does not necessarily mean happiness. It all depends on how it is

used. If we make honest and sensible use of money, it can be a stepping-stone to

happiness l Although money cannot buy happiness, it can make happiness possible

if it is employed sensibly.

金钱能买来幸福吗?

金钱能买来幸福吗?不同的人有不同的回答。有的人认为能，有的人则持相反的意见。

诚然一个人如果有足够的钱可以买到他想要的所有物品，过上舒适稳定的生活。然而，同样缺钱往往引起巨大的忧伤。人们常常认为“金钱是万恶之源”，对金钱的追求驱使许多人去骗去偷。在某些地方，没有钱买不到的东西，导致社会的腐化堕落。

所以，金钱并不一定就意味着幸福。这取决于怎样使用金钱，如果我们诚信明智地使用金钱，它将是幸福的基石。尽管金钱买不到幸福，但它可以使幸福成为可能。

Dear my father and mother,

This letter is my inner feelings. I want to thank both of you for so many

years’ care and help.

During my growth, you have made a lot of efforts and love for me. When I

make a success, both of you are more excited than me, and support me to do

better. Even though I have failed, you always share sorrow with me and encourage

me not to give up. Especially, during my preparation for CET-4, the support from

you is always everywhere. I have passed the exam successfully.

You love is so unselfish that I am deeply affected, so I will study hard to

be a useful person and won’t make you disappointed. Anyway, I would like to

express the deep gratitude to you.

With best wishes.

Sincerely yours,

Li Ming