高考英语写作高频词汇【汇总20篇】

导语：要学好写英语短文，就必须经常练习写作。记日记是提高书面表达能力的有效方法之一。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文指导，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

一、日记的格式

英文日记通常由书端和正文两个部分组成。日记常以第一人称记下当天生活中的所见、所闻、所做或所想的事情。中、英文的日记三格式大致一样。英语日记的书端是专门写日记的日期、星期和天气的。左上角是日期(年、月、日)、星期。右上角写上当天的天气情况，如：Sunny，Fine，Rainy，Windy，Snowy，Cloudy等。

1、日期表达有多种形式。年、月、日都写时，通常以月、日、年为顺序，月份可以缩写，日和年用逗号隔开。例如：

A)September 1，2004或September 1st，2004也可省略写成Sept. 1，2004或Sept. 1st，2004;the 1st of September in 2004(月份不可以缩写)

B)只有月、日：September 1或September 1st(月份可以缩写)

C)只有年、月：September 2004或the September of 2004(月份不可以缩写)

以上的1或1st都应读作the first.

2、星期也可以省略不写，可将其放在日期前或后，星期和日期之间不用标点，但要空一格，星期也可缩写。如：

Saturday，October 22nd，2004;October 22nd，2004 Saturday

3.天气情况必不可少。天气一般用一个形容词如：Sunny，Fine，Rainy，Snowy 等表示。写在日期之后，用逗号隔开，位于日记的右上角。如：

Saturday，March 4，2004，Windy;1st January，2004，Fine

二、日记的要求

日记的正文是日记的主要部分，写在星期和日期的正下方，可以顶格写，也可以内缩3至5个字母的空间。由于记载的内容通常已经发生，谓语动词多用一般过去时。但也可根据具体情况，用其它时态。如：记叙天气、描写景色，为了描写生动，可以使用现在时，以表现当时的情景。再如文后发表感想或评论可用现在时态或将来时态。记日记力求简单明了，有连贯性。若有文字提示，则应重视提示，把握要点。在句式上尽量使用简单句，以防繁杂，造成语法、句型错误。

三、日记的类型和训练

日记分为记事型、议论型、描写型和抒情型。建议大家在学习写日记的过程中，可按以下步骤进行：

①将一天所经历的主要事情和过程依次简要地记下来，不附加任何感情色彩，这是最简单的记日记的方法;

②阅读别人的日记，并利用所学过的句型来表达个人在一天中观察到的或感受到的事情。

「范文与点评」

March 12th，2003，Tuesday Sunny (Fine)

Today is Tree Planting Day. At 7∶30 in the morning，all the students in our class met at the school gate. We walked to the park. Miss Gao and other teachers went and worked with us. All the students worked very hard，and we planted about 200 trees. Though we were dirty and tired，we still felt very happy.

这是一篇记叙型的日记。结构严谨，中心突出，有选择地记录当天的见闻(人或事)，并加以分析和评论。

五一劳动节，始于美国工人在19世纪90年代为争取8小时工作日而进行的斗争。自那以后，世界人民便开始庆祝这一天 - 国际劳动节。这个日子在全球所扮演的角色体现了它的力量：正是在这一天，全世界所有的工人们宣布为了共同的目标而一起奋斗。

Labor Day, began in USA workers for the 8 hour day struggle in nineteenth Century 90s.. Since then, the people of the world began to celebrate this day, international labor day. It plays role in the world embodies its strength: it is in this day, the whole world all workers announced strive together for a common goal.

在许多个五一劳动节里，工人们都受到镇压，他们的活动被禁止，流血事件还时常发生。五一节逐渐失去它原来的意义，成为了独裁者和集权统治的政权对抗工人运动的一种标志性装饰;又或者就是一个平平安安的法定假日。尽管事实如此，工人们仍然满怀信心地庆祝劳动节，因为大家都知道这个社会是靠着我们的力量、眼睛、双手和智慧而不断地发展和强壮，还需要我们不断地支持。

In many Labor Day, workers are suppressed, their activities were banned, the bloodshed has often happened. Five one Jie gradually lost its original meaning, become a kind of decoration workers movement against dictator and symbol of power centralization rule; or is a peaceful holiday. Despite the fact that, workers are still full of confidence to celebrate the labor day, because we all know that this society is relying on our strength, eyes, hands and wisdom and constantly development and strong, we also need to continue to support.

正是在这一天，我们坚持体面的工作、工人健康、饮食和住房、教育和文化表达，都是我们应得的权利，而不是特权。我们志在获得这些权利。然而在这一天，我们从未胆怯卑微地去找法官和狱卒，从未守在财长们进行会议的地方，从未说服他们工会是有益于做生意，也从未要求进行更多的对话。正是在这一天，我们大声地说出：你们的银行，你们的买断、买回，给我们带来了痛苦和大量的失业工人;你们的贸易协定和专利制让工人们无法谋生，更破坏了所有人类获得食物、水和药物的权利。正是在这一天，我们大声地说出：我们不仅要建设一个更加美好的世界，而且，我们也坚决不会让世界越变越差。

It is in this day, we adhere to the expression of decent work, health, diet and housing, education and culture, we are right, not a privilege. Were aiming to acquire these rights. However, on this day, we never fear to the judge and the humble, never keep in the finance ministers meeting place, never persuade their union is beneficial to do business, never asked for more dialogue. It is in this day, we say: your bank, you buy, buy back, causing pain and a large number of unemployed workers to our trade agreements and patent system; you let the workers were unable to make a living, even destroy all humans for food, water and medicine to the right. It is in this day, we say out loud: we not only need to build a better world, moreover, we also determined not to let the world become worse.

五一劳动节是大家庆祝过去、庆祝现在和庆祝未来的日子。我们庆祝的方式就是争取应有权利和向全世界表达我们争取权利的决心。让我们一起大声又自豪地庆祝五一国际劳动节吧。

Labor Day we celebrate the past, now and future day celebration to celebrate. We celebrate the way is to fight for their rights and express our determination to fight for the rights of the whole world. Let us loud and proud to celebrate International WorkersDay.

导语：周恩来，他的才干与风度，勤勉与忠诚;他忍辱负重，唾面自干，鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已;他无论对信仰和“爱人同志”都从一而终;他无子嗣，却收养了一群革命烈士的遗孤……下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的相关作文素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

周恩来——纯洁与忠诚的象征

在这个日益喧嚣的社会，在这个容易浮躁的年代，年轻的我们有着太多无法解释的困惑和无法摆脱的迷惘，我们需要一种精神，一种能够给我们以方向和力量的精神。周恩来，集中华民族广博的智慧于一身，扬炎黄子孙完美的魅力于中外，成为值得我们世代学习的楷模。

重温周恩来，绝不仅是一种缅怀。我们提起的，是一个毫不褪色的人格话题;我们将透过随着时代巨变已经不可同日而语的人们的价值取向和生活观念，去触摸一种跨越时空的人格精神，感受作为一个中华儿女的自豪。

作为生活在新世纪的人，我们不相信灵魂的存在，但我们却坚定地认为，总理一直在以慈父般的宽容注视着我们。总理在等待，等待我们走出浮躁与迷惘，以一个后辈学人的身份，带着一颗不染世俗风气的心，与他进行灵魂深处的对话。

我们永远需要这种爱，我们的民族永远需要这种精神——周恩来像一本厚厚的书，读懂他，将使我们看到自己心灵深处的卑微，直面繁杂的人生;周恩来像一盏高悬的明灯，光芒穿越时空，照耀着我们前行!

周恩来生于江苏淮安。淮安是个文化发达、经济繁华的地方。周恩来“少游江淮，纵览名胜”，热爱祖国的山河和历史上的英豪，怀有强烈的民族自豪感。

周恩来的母亲万氏，精明强干，周恩来从小就耳濡目染。他在不满一周岁时过继给了叔父。养母陈氏知识丰富，会诗文书画，教周恩来认字诵诗，从小培育了他丰富的感情。他的乳母蒋氏，使他懂得劳动人民的艰苦生活。

在他不到10岁的时候，本来已经衰落的封建官僚家庭堕入了清贫困苦的境地。两个母亲相继去世，父亲为了生活而长年在外谋事，幼小的周恩来不得不去向富户叩门借债，或是送衣物进当铺典押。

1910年春天，12岁的周恩来随三堂伯周贻谦到奉天(今沈阳)，进银川(今铁岭)银冈书院读书，半年后，转入沈阳东关模范丙等小学堂。这一年，日本军国主义正式吞并中国的邻邦朝鲜。在东北当年日俄战争的战场上，留下过少年周恩来的足迹。“忆甲辰年兮神往，想日俄战兮心酸。”一次，校长在课堂上问大家为什么读书时，周恩来慷慨答道：“为了中华之崛起!”这一誓言，此后贯彻在他的一生中，渗透在他的各项活动中。他是看到民族危亡、山河破碎而自觉参加革命的。

1917年夏，周恩来中学毕业，准备去日本留学。他给同学赠言说：“愿相会于中华腾飞世界时。”这句话表明了他的一贯志愿。但是，怎样才能使中华腾飞?当时中国国大地上有教育救国说、实业救国说，甚至军国主义救国说等等。周恩来是一个扎实、谨慎的青年，他需要认真考察一番。俄国十月社会主义革命爆发了。他开始接触马克思主义，科学社会主义影响着周恩来的思想，周恩来的思想开始变化，正如他在诗句中所说：“人间的万象真理，愈求愈模糊;模糊中偶然见着一点光明，真愈觉姣妍。”

五四时期，周恩来已经在系统地宣传马克思的学说。他是我国马克思主义早期传播者之一。

周恩来深深感到苦难的中国需要有根本的改造，而改造必须有更加强大的社会力量，要“到民间去”，进行“农工组织之运动”。而且必须有正确的思想、理论来指导。周恩来后来谈到自己的共产主义信仰时，说道：自己的“思想是颤动于狱中”，一种革命意识的萌芽，“是从这个时候开始的”。

1920年11月，周恩来来到法国，进一步研究马克思主义，考察和学习欧洲无产阶级革命斗争的经验。他说：“虔心考察以求了解彼邦社会真相暨解决诸道，而思所以应用之于吾民族间者。”

周恩来初到欧洲的时候，对于采取什么主义来救中国，思想上还没有最后确定。他辨析了工团主义、社会主义、无政府主义等各派思潮，终于认定：中国应该走社会主义的道路。

1924年7月下旬，周恩来回国。随后，他出任黄埔军校教官，11月任黄埔军校政治部主任;同时又是中共广东区委常委兼军事部部长。他根据法、俄革命经验，在国民革命军中创建了许多全新的制度，成为中国军队中革命政治工作的最早开拓者。

1927年至1931年间，周恩来实际上主持中共中央日常工作，他是党的白区工作的政策制定者、秘密保卫工作的创建者。在长征途中，于1935年召开的遵义会议上，他拥护毛泽东领导全党，自己此后几十年间一直自愿担任辅佐。

抗日战争期间，周恩来长期在国民党统治区主持统战工作，并兼管秘密战线的斗争。1946年回延安后，他作为中央军委副主席兼总参谋长，伴随毛泽东转战陕北，并协助指挥全国解放战争。

全国解放后，周恩来成了共和国的总管家，担子之重，事务之繁，无人能比。周恩来在二十多年的时间里日理万机，为党和人民鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已。这是周恩来为党和国家献身的忠诚誓言。这八个字贯穿了他的一生。 1976年1月7日晚，周恩来微睁双眼，对病床前的医生吴阶平说：“我这里没有什么事了，你们还是去照顾别的生病的同志，那里需要你们。”这是周恩来所说的最后一句话，他心里想的仍然是别人。

1976年1月8日9时57分，一代伟人周恩来溘然长逝，终年78岁。“巨星殒落，人们相告不成声，欲言泪复垂。”亿万人民和国际友人沉痛悼念周恩来。他一生的追求，一生的奋斗，都是为了人民的利益，为了祖国的富强，为了最终实现共产主义这一崇高的目标。

​

要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径：

１．问题现状

２．怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点)

In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious. First, ------------(说明Ａ的现状)．Second, ---------------(举例进一步说明现状) Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, ---------------(解决方法一). For another -------------(解决方法二). Finally, --------------(解决方法三). Personally, I believe that -------------(我的解决方法). Consequently, Im confident that a bright future is awaiting us because --------------(带来的好处).

一、真题

阅读以下材料，按要求作文。

今年3月15日，在国人的强烈发对声中，佳士得拍卖行仍将圆明园非法流失的兔首、鼠首铜像在巴黎拍卖。某艺术公司总经理蔡铭超高价拍下这两件文物。但事后拒绝付款，造成流拍。对此，舆论一篇哗然。有人称其为名族英雄，有人认为这是恶意破坏规则，有人认为……

你对蔡铭超的行为有什么看法？请据此写成一篇文章。

（1）必须写议论文。

（2）题目自拟。

（3）立意自定。

（4）所写内容必须与给定的材料相合。

（5）不少于800字。

（6）不得抄袭，不得套作。

二、点评

天利考试信息网特邀名师：临川一中 危福平

看到江西高考(论坛)作文“评论‘兽首拍卖’事件”题目时，心中有点窃喜。笔者在考前重点向学生讲解了评论文的写作方法，并向同学们说今年江西高考作文题八成是写当前热点事件人物的评论。有幸言中！同时也想起了本人在去年评点江西省高考作文时说的话“注重塑造学生的‘社会品质’。……要求学生应在注重自己的‘个人品质’的同时，更应该开阔眼界，去关心社会，去关注我们的国家……去做一个有感情有社会责任的人”。今年江西高考作文命题思路延续了去年江西高考作文命题的思路，同样要求学生去关注社会热点，去做一个关心社会的人。这一点，也同样体现在其它省份的作文命题中。

今年江西高考作文题给出的是一则材料，要求写一篇评论文。因而，审清材料和把握评论文这种文体就成为了关键。这则材料的关键句是“佳士得拍卖行仍将圆明园非法流失的兔首鼠首铜像在巴黎拍卖”“事后拒绝付款造成流拍”“你对蔡铭超的行为有什么看法”等，那么这则材料的主题就可以写成“爱国”“巧用规则”“诚信”“智慧”等；在文体写作时，应特别注意评论文“针对性强”的写作特点，它和一般议论文写作要求有所区别。

材料作文写作时，一定要抓住材料中的关键词句，并对此进行前后分析，才能较准确地把握材料主旨。本则材料的重心是“对蔡铭超的行为有什么看法”，而不是对佳士得的行为或者人们的议论发表看法。文章要始终围绕蔡铭超这个人的行为谈谈你的看法，应抓住佳士得的行为“非法”和兔首鼠首铜像是我国流失国外的“国宝”等证据，通过分析可以得出蔡铭超是“爱国”的、是有“智慧”的、能“巧用拍卖规则，维护民族尊严”等主题，从而对蔡铭超进行褒扬，对其行为进行肯定；抓住“事后拒绝付款,造成流拍”等关键文字，当然也可以对其有“微词”，写出有关个人“诚信”的主题等。

今年江西省高考作文明确规定写一篇评论文。写作时，首先要注意议论文的写作结构特点、议论方式，做到有观点有根据；其次要注意评论文“针对性强”的特点。倘若考生抛开事件当事人本身，大谈如何爱国、人应如何诚信、如何有智慧等，则有偏题之嫌。这一点考生要尤其注意。

审材不清，取题不当，观点隐晦不鲜明，论证和论据分离，评论东拉西扯，文体不突出，开头结尾拖拉，结构松散混乱……

不少同学在问了，英语作文怎么写?如何写好英语作文，下面是小编为大家收集的初中英语作文的写作方法，欢迎阅读。

初一英语写作题，题材一般是写人、写事、写物、写景、日记、书信、通知、便条等文体。一般来说，不同的写作题材，它的人物，时间，写作的重点也是不尽相同的。下面结合一些常见的题型介绍一下写作的注意事项以及写作技巧。

各地的评分标准略有差异，但是都包括以下几个方面：整体印象、语言表达、词数规定等几方面内容。我们在写作中要尽量避免扣分，争取有加分点。当然用英文写作不同于用母语那样得心应手，常常会受到生词、语法、惯用法的限制，只要同学们平时注意两种语言的异同性，抓住写作要点，也可妙笔生花。

1、为了保证文章层次分明、条理清楚，要把时间固定下来，如：记叙一件事要用过去时;写经常发生的事或对人物的描写，要用一般现在时。整个文章中的人称要一致，首尾呼应，不要随意改动，以免造成误解。

2、不要为了追求“一鸣惊人”而去找一些生冷的词汇，对这些一知半解的词你不会用，不知道如何搭配，结果可能适得其反，使文章显的生硬、不协调，甚至错误百出，所以要使用有把握的词，避免不必要的失分。比如说发生了一起意外事件，我们通常用“have an accident ”来表示，不要错误的使用“have an incident”。

3、注意不同语言的表达习惯，也是写好英语作文的重要环节，如“我的理想是做一名歌手”，很多同学写成“My ambition is to do/make a singer，” “to do”表示“做”或者“干”，“to make”表示“制作”，而“做一名歌手”则表示“成为一名歌手”应该用“be/become a singer”;又如“看书、看报”应用“read a book/newspaper”，而不是“see a book/newspaper”。因此，平时应该注意不同语言的表达习惯，切忌望文生义或一味生搬硬套。

4、有些同学因怕出错而只写短句或简单句，写出的文章过于幼稚、空洞乏味。要使文章有血有肉就要把平时学的知识用进去，如：定语从句、宾语从句、非谓语动词和比较等句型，关键时用上一、二个，就能使文章不同凡响，更有文采，特别是对关联词的使用，如“so that”、“not…but ”“not only...but also”等，会使你的文章逻辑结构紧密、层次鲜明、条理清楚，更能显示出你的英文功底，但要做到这些并非一日之功，要靠平时的不断训练和积累。

5、最简单的增分点就是认真的书写。工整漂亮的书写会给评卷老师留下美好的第一印象，在扣分时自然会“手下留情”，而且很多地区都在写作上有1分的书写分。只要平时多下点功夫，得到这一分并不难。

注意事项

最后将英语写作的基本步骤和技巧归纳为以下几个环节：

1、细心审题细读题目中每一项提示或观察所给的每一幅画，明确文章的中心思想，弄清题意，确定写作体裁，掌握所要表达的要点做到心中有数，避免随心所欲，文不对题。

2、理顺要点在所给提示或图上标出要点，然后按事件先后的顺序或各要点之间的内在联系排序，分出层次。如果是看图作文，则要按图构思，这样做既可避免要点遗漏，又可使表达内容条理清楚。

3、构成框架将理顺的要点或每幅图画的含义加以连贯，构成写作的整体框架，进一步定人称、定时态语态、定顺序、定段落、定开头结尾。基本框架构成后，写作就有了把握。

4、组织句子用自己最熟悉的短语或句型将理顺的要点逐句表达出来，多用简单句，用有把握的复合句。要扬长避短，避难就易。若遇到表达障碍，可换一种说法，将一句变成两、三句，只求达意。

5、串句成篇将写好的句子连贯地组织起来，注意上下句的逻辑关系，适当采用递进、让步、转折、因果等关联词语，使短文浑然一体，层次分明，过渡自然。6、检查修改文章草成后，默读1～2遍，检查修改，尤其要注意人称、大小写、拼写、习惯用语、格式有无错误，要点有无遗漏，文句有无语病，词数是否恰当，行文是否连贯。

英语写作水平的提高是一个渐进的过程，只要同学们在平时多加训练，多读文章，做一个有心人，就能在英语作文中取得理想的成绩

导语：微信,不仅能够发送传统的文字和图片还有语音讯息,甚至可以直接语音通话,因此成了不少年轻人拜年的首选方式。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

Weixin has many functions. Weixin has basic functions, such as send hold-to-talk voice messages, text messages, pictures and videos. Weixin supports Wi-Fi and 3G data network. And it supports China, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, Japan and US Phone Number.

Weixin has speakerphone. Gently press the button to speak. The other party will be able to receive the voice after the button release. Weixin can enjoy group chat up to 20 people. What’s more, Weixin has many other attractive functions. The most attractive function is search people around you. Weixin can search people near you who has Weixin base on your own location. This function can make user to know people around you and then to built a new relationship. Weixin alsosupports to send video. Shoot a video and send it to the other party immediately.

The compressed video is also suitable for transmission in mobile network. So you can always share the wonderful pieces of life with other people at any time. Weixin also has drift bottle function.

This function can share your messages to the world anonymously and make new friends. Weixin also has voice notes function. This function not only can save your voice memo, but also keep your pictures and texts in a convenient way. Weixin also can help you to catch your messages and keep you always updated. Weixin has QQ mail notifications which can alert you when new mails come to your QQ mailbox and you can read the mails right away. It supports sending and receiving messages from Tencent micro blog.

Weixin has English language edition. It is convenience for foreign to use it. It can help the company to dominate the market outside of China.

【参考译文】

微信有许多功能。微信的基本功能，如发送保持说话的语音邮件，短信，照片和视频。微信支持Wi-Fi和3G数据网络。它支持中国，香港，澳门，台湾，日本和美国的电话号码。

微信的扬声器。轻轻按按钮说话。另一方将能够收到的声音后，按钮释放。微信可以享受群聊的最多20人。更重要的是，微信有许多其他有吸引力的功能。最吸引人的功能是搜索身边的人。微信可以搜索你周围的人谁有威信的基础上自己的位置。这个功能可以让用户了解你周围的人，然后建立一个新的关系。微信还发送视频。拍摄一个视频，并立即发送给对方。

压缩视频也适用于移动网络的传输。所以你随时可以和别人分享美好的生活。微信也有漂流瓶功能。

此功能可以匿名分享您的消息，并结交新朋友。微信还具有语音记录功能。此功能不仅可以保存您的语音备忘录，而且还保持您的图片和文本以方便的方式。微信也可以帮助你抓住你的信息，让你随时更新。微信的QQ邮件通知可以提醒您，当新的邮件到你的QQ邮箱，你可以阅读邮件吧。它支持发送和接收消息从腾讯微博。

微信有英文版。它是方便外国使用它。它可以帮助公司主导中国以外的市场。

这几天，一则《来生，还想牵你的手!宁波夫妻同时住院却无法相见!丈夫器官衰竭，最后心愿让人泪崩》刷爆了朋友圈，全国多家媒体微信纷纷转发，引发网友热议。

“执手”老夫妻的故事原来这么多……

△两个老人在病房里相见

网友的感人留言：

@徐婷婷：执子之手，珍惜身边所以爱你的人

@虾儿：我一个大男人，看了眼眶湿润了，相信下辈子老两口还会相遇相识相爱相守，这一面安排得真好。

@起点：是啊，人的一辈子很长，一生也很短，趁年轻，别为一件礼物，一口气堵还你爱的和爱你的!能相守到白头很不易!努力包容努力相守吧!为这对老人献朵花。

@生活的强者：写得感动，看了揪心，爱不需轰轰烈烈，平凡人也能见证最伟大的爱，这是生离死别，爱，下辈子再爱!

@破茧成蝶：想起了我外公外婆，外公94，常去老年活动中心打牌，外婆90，患有老年痴呆症，有时清醒有时糊涂，两个人相亲相爱，外婆吃饭时常夹菜给外公，外公抽烟时也不忘递给外婆一支，一直很恩爱，去年11月份初我外公因脑溢血走了，外婆唠唠叨叨念个不停，哭着闹着，没过十天也走了，走得很安详，真的是不求同年同月生，但愿同年同月死。

冯爷爷已经去世，

那动人的一握，

竟真成永诀。

记者昨天赶到老人家，

倾听那一张张老照片背后的记忆，

人世间最美好的事，

莫过于牵着所爱的人的手，

走过这一辈子，

致一份寻常的爱情。

人生的最后一刻，

他说：想再牵一次老伴的手

鄞州人民医院ICU科室护士长王艳芳向记者还原了两位老人见面时的动人一幕——10月下旬的一天，下午3时左右，看护人员推着张萍的病床，走进了电梯。看着电梯上的数字从14慢慢向下，逐渐变成3，张萍的眼睛开始湿润。之后，她的病床被推进了冯明所在的病房，两张床紧紧挨在了一起。

两人见面的那一幕，让所有人动容。张萍拉起丈夫的手，紧紧抓住，“我会照顾好自己的。等我好了，我就去找你。”那一瞬间，整个病房的空气都仿佛凝固住了。

“执手”老夫妻的故事原来这么多……

人世间最美好和悲凉的一刻，莫过于此。

半个小时后，张明离开了医院，乘救护车回到了家中。当天，张明永远地闭上了双眼。这一次见面，成为了永别。

丈夫离去，

她说：余生要用回忆去填满

因为深爱，所以感同身受。牵过丈夫的手后，张萍总觉得哪里不对，坚持要回家。一回家才发现，冯明已经不在了。

冯明的二女儿张艺梅昨天对记者说，听到冯明去世的消息时，张萍很平静，像是早就做好了心理准备。不过，这段日子张萍也经常在暗地里抹眼泪，有时候还会产生幻听，总觉得是冯明在呼唤她。

前几天，脾气一向温和的张萍对所有人发了一顿脾气。一问原因，才知道是冯明有好几天没出现在她梦里了。张萍说，结婚66年了，她从没有像现在这样想他。如果冯明一直不出现，她想去找他。

昨天，在宁舟新村的家中，面对记者，张萍回忆起了俩夫妻年轻时的往事。

冯明和张萍都是离休干部，1950年结婚。66年前，俩人结婚时，没有任何房产，也就是现在大家所说的“裸婚”。当时，在宁波海曙，冯明借了一间同事的宿舍，简单布置了一下，和张萍举行了婚礼。那个借来的宿舍，就算是婚房了。

本来一切都很顺利，可到了当天傍晚，宿舍的主人回来了，张明顿时傻了眼。经过商量，新婚之夜，冯明和张萍睡在床上，宿舍主人睡在地上。这件事成了张萍心中最美好的回忆。

另一件事，发生在婚后第三年。继大女儿之后，二女儿张艺梅出生了。随后，疼爱妻子的冯明坚持要让女儿跟着妻子姓张。此后，张艺梅就成了四个儿女中唯一一个跟着张萍姓的孩子。

每一次提起二女儿的名字，张萍都能感受到丈夫对自己的浓浓爱意。

生活节俭，坚持助学，

他们给子女留下了最好的精神财富

张艺梅对记者说，她最骄傲的，不仅仅是父母之间的恩爱，而是父亲给他们这一代留下来的精神财富。

冯明很有爱心，平日里，做人也非常低调。退休前，他是当地民政局的干部，张萍则是一名小学老师。夫妻俩都是节俭的人，家里的东西不到用不了绝对不会扔掉，但他们会把存下来的钱留给需要帮助的人。

张艺梅说，冯明很喜欢看报纸，经常会收集一些贫困孩子的信息，然后点对点进行联系。之后，他会定期汇钱，用来帮助他们完成学业。而在外面，冯明从来不对人说这些。

其实，就在冯明去世后的一个星期，张萍还嘱咐女儿给居委会送去4000元钱。张萍觉得，就算丈夫已经不在，还是要帮他做这件事情。

如今，在父亲的影响下，四个儿女都有了定期捐钱的习惯。虽然钱不多，但他们都觉得这件事应该坚持下去。

冯明会写诗，还写着一手好字。13年前，张艺梅收集父亲年轻时所写的诗歌，并精心制作成一本小册子。在这本小册子上，记录着冯明人生各个阶段所写的诗歌，其中既有对自己人生经历的感慨，也有下乡劳动时对妻子的想念。而年纪大了以后，他也时常会写一些对儿女的期盼的诗。

来生，再牵手!

持子之手与子偕老，

为这样的感情动容!

小编突然很感慨，

想说愿天下有情人终成眷属，

相爱到老!

更多热门文章：

尊严就是人的权利和人格被尊重。下面是语文迷为大家整理的关于尊严的名言，欢迎阅读参考。

1、我想一个人的尊严，并不在于他能赚多少钱，或获得了什么社会地位，而在于能不能发挥他的专长，过有意义的生活。一百个人不能都做同样的事，各有不同的生活方式。生活虽不同，可是发挥自己的天分与专长，并使自己陶醉在这种喜悦之中，与社会大众共享，在奉献中，领悟出自己的人生价值，这是现代人普遍期望的。——松下幸之助

2、自尊自爱，作为一种力求完善的动力，却是一切伟大事业的渊源。——屠格涅夫

3、人受到震动有种种不同：有的是在脊椎骨上;有的是在神经上;有的是在道德感受上;而最强烈的最持久的则是在个人尊严上。——约翰高而斯华馁

4、每一个正直的人都应该维护自己的尊严。——卢梭

5、一个人开朗豁达，就会感受到自尊的快乐。

6、过度的自尊，则使我们越发敏感，作茧自缚，最终体验不到生活的乐趣。

7、忌妒，是心灵的肿瘤。——艾青

8、自暴自弃，这是一条永远腐蚀啃嗤着心灵的毒蛇，它吸走心灵的新鲜血液，并在其中注入厌世和绝望的毒汁。——马克思

9、一个人如果能懂得知耻，就格外珍惜自尊，就会主动维护他人的尊严。

10、把尊重自己与尊重他人结合起来，就会散发出高贵的气质。

11、高度的自尊心不是骄傲自大或缺乏自我批评精神的同义词。自尊心强的人不是认为自己比别人优越，而只是对自己有信心，相信自己能够克服自己的缺点。——伊谢科恩

12、我们可以把我们的财物生命转借给我们的朋友，以满足他们的需求，但是，转让尊严之名，把自己的荣誉安在他人头上，这却是罕见的。——蒙田

13、只有当你想得到别人的尊重而又没有其他办法时，漂亮的衣服才能派上用场。——塞缪尔•约翰逊

14、不知道他自己的尊严的人，便不能尊重别人的尊严。——席勒

15、虽然尊严不是一种美德，却是许多美德之母。——柯林斯托姆

16、尊重他人是人生的一道底线，是人生的一个亮点，自尊是无价的。

17、尊重他人是一门学问，是人生的一片风景，尊人优雅，

18、塑造更好的形象，赢得别人对自己的肯定，赢得集体和社会的赞扬，这就是自尊的表现。

19、自尊，迄今为止一直是少数人所必备的一种德性。凡是在权力不平等的地方，它都不可能在服从于其他人统治的那些人的身上找到。——罗素

20、人与人之间需要一种平衡，就像大自然需要平衡一样。不尊重别人感情的人，最终只会引起别人的讨厌和憎恨。——戴尔•卡耐基

21、尊重生命尊重他人也尊重自己的生命，是生命进程中的伴随物，也是心理健康的一个条件。——弗洛姆

22、对别人的意见要表示尊重。千万别说：“你错了。”——卡耐基

23、对人来说，最最重要的东西是尊严。——普列姆昌德

24、珍视思想的人，必然珍视自己的尊严。——苏霍姆林斯基

25、虽然尊严不是一种美德，却是许多美德之母。——柯林斯托姆

26、根本不该为取悦别人而使自己失敬于人。——卢梭

27、要人敬者，必先自敬。——陶行知

28、生命的尊严正是超等价物的一切事物的基点。——池田大作

29、哪里有理性智慧，哪里就有尊严。——马丹•杜•加尔

30、人的一切尊严，就在于思想。——巴斯葛

31、我们的尊严不在于我们做什么，而在于我们懂得什么。——桑塔亚那

32、人的尊严可以用一句话来概括：即他的信念……它比金钱地位权势，甚至比生命都更有价值。——海卡尔

33、不要让一个人去守卫他的尊严，而应让他的尊严来守卫他。——爱默生

34、生命的尊严使普遍的绝对的准则。生命的尊严是没有等价物的，是任何东西都不能代替的。——池田大作

35、擦地板何洗痰盂的工作何总统的职务一样，都有其尊严存在。——尼克松

36、在文学上，年轻人常常从担任法官开始他们的生涯，只有当智慧与经验到来时，他们才终于获得了受审的尊严。——托马斯•哈代

37、七十寿辰!这是人们获得一种新的令人敬畏的尊严的幸福时刻。这时，你可以把压抑已达三十余年的故作深沉弃之一旁，无所畏惧，泰然自若地站在人生的七级顶锋向下观望，教诲他人而不会受到指责。——马克吐温

38、我们可以死，但是永远不会变节!我们可以死，但是要自由和尊严地去死!我们可以死，并不是因为我们不重视生命，不是因为我们不重视我国人民进行的创造性事业，看不到我们通过自己的劳动有权得到的光荣的未来，而是因为我们每个人的生命是同这种思想，这种前途不可分割地联系在一起的。——卡斯特罗

39、国家的尊严比安全更为重要，比命运更有价值——托•伍•威尔逊

40、人类的全部尊严，就在于思想!——帕思卡尔

41、一个真正伟大骄傲而又勇敢的民族宁可面对战争的任何灾难，也不愿在牺牲其民族尊严的情况下换得卑贱——西•罗斯福

42、一个国家如果不能勇于不惜一切地去维护自己的尊严，那么，这个国家就一钱不值——席勒

43、傲慢是一种得不到支持的尊严。——巴尔扎克

44、人们将永远赖以自立的是他的智慧良心人的尊严。——苏霍姆林斯基

古时，有一个老人，夫人早亡，膝边有二男一女。女儿出嫁了，儿子儿媳倒也孝顺。老人手头尚积有些金银财宝，安享晚年，丰衣足食。

一日，两个儿子要求父亲将金银细软分给他俩，作为经商的本钱。老人经不起苦苦哀求，便同意了。想不到儿子分得金银即变了卦，不但不孝老父亲，而且让媳妇每日咒骂老人。为赡养老人之事，弟兄也争执不休，最后才勉强决定轮流赡养老人，每人养一个月。从此，老人过着被虐待的日子!

二月二十八日，老大对父亲说：“今天满一个月了，明天即是三月份，你该上老二家了。”而老二却说：“今天才二十八日，还差三天才是三十一日，老大该再养你三天。”于是，老人象个皮球似地被踢来踢去，没奈何来到女儿家。好在女儿孝顺，老人才得安生。

孝顺女对兄长不孝父亲之事义愤填膺，便施一计教训两个兄长。恰好这时侄儿来作客，她买了好多食物和新衣服一套送给侄儿说：“姑姑现在阔气多了。因为，你爷爷带来一批珠宝。”侄儿回家后，把情形讲给家人听。这一来，兄弟俩坐立不安了，商议了一回，老着脸皮将老人接了回来。每日好鱼好肉，说不尽满嘴献媚奉承话。

直到老人仙逝后，搜遍家园的四面八方，也不见一点珠宝之影。此时此刻，妹妹才悲愤地泄露“天机”，羞得两位厚颜无耻的兄长恨不能钻入地缝里!

连日来，微信圈流传一则视频，内容是山西铲车街头撞人，致1人死亡，20余人受伤，10多台车辆受损。

事件还原：去年9月的一天，一名男子驾驶大型装载机，在朔州市区主要街道横冲直撞，先后有20余人被撞伤，1人被碾轧致死，10余台车辆受损。装载机再次对一辆载满乘客的大巴“下手”时，危急关头，武警山西总队朔州支队作训股股长褚旭亮一枪击毙了歹徒。

5月12日，记者走进朔州支队，还原了那揪心的27分钟。

2015年9月3日10时25分，在朔州火车站附近巡逻的武警山西总队朔州支队巡逻分队接到朔州市公安局110指挥中心通报，一名不法分子驾驶大型装载机在市区主要街道横冲直撞。

带队巡逻的副参谋长卫春生一边向支队长任德辉报告，一边迅疾投入围追堵截的战斗。

回忆当初的险情，卫春生说，装载机在歹徒的操控下像是一头脱缰的疯牛，沿着市内的开发路、古北街、鄯阳街、市府街、张辽路等主要街道疯狂乱窜。沿途骑车的、步行的群众惊慌失措，四下奔逃。在鄯阳街与开发路的交叉口，装载机刮坏了一辆小轿车，司机下车刚想找装载机司机“说理”，还没站稳脚跟，装载机就吼叫着，直冲他而去，吓得小车司机惊叫着跑出老远。

数辆汽车瞬间被毁

面对实施围堵的公安武警，歹徒愈发疯狂，驾驶装载机呈“S”形行驶，路面车辆及群众见状慌忙躲避，四处逃散。

紧跟其后的数辆警车试图合力将其逼停，遗憾的是，在这个重达16吨、机身长约7.9米的大家伙面前，警车的车顶还没它的轮胎高。被装载机一碰，警车马上变形损坏，先后两辆警车被剐烂。

疯狂的装载机完全失去了理性，谁追他，他就铲谁、碾谁。一路发疯，先后有20余人受伤，10余台车辆严重受损，四处是惊呼声和尖叫声。

特战队员一枪击毙歹徒

当日10时40分，朔州支队作训股股长褚旭亮在支队长任德辉带领下火速赶赴一线。

根据现场态势，仅仅几分钟，他们就定下“尾随追踪、远端拦截、重点封控、协同处置、精确打击”的处置决定。

任德辉将追击人员分为两组，一组由他和褚旭亮及一名特战队员组成，另一组由副参谋长卫春生带两名特战队员组成，分乘两辆车在最前面追击，其余人员跟进增援。

Dear Tony，Chongyang，the traditional Chinese festival for the elderly，is coming around.We are planning to visit the Nursing Home to celebrate the speeial day， and we would like to invite students from your school to join us.…

Looking forward to your early reply.

We have planned several activities. When we get there，we will visit the elderly in their rooms in groups，presenitng them with flowers and self－made cards to show our respect and love. Then we will do some cleaning and washing for them with the help of the nurses.

As some old people feel lonely. We may chat with them about their old days， changes of our city， or anything they are interested in. We may also give them some performanees： singing，daneing，and so on.

I am sure we will both gain a better understanding of the elderly in China. If you have any suggestions，please let us know.

[与重阳节有关的英语高考作文

阅读电视广告词： If we don t save water,the last drop of water will be a tear-drop. 根据提示，写一篇60-80词的短文。

提示：

1.生活离不开水。

2.可饮用水在减少。

3.水污染严重。

4.应保护水源，再利用水。

Water is very important to humans.We can t live without water.The water we can drink is falling.But some people don t seem to care about it.They waste a lot of water.They pour dirty water into rivers and lakes.Water pollution is getting more and more serious.So we must do something to stop the pollution.We not only protect the water but also find ways to reuse it.If we don t do this,the last drop of water will be a tear-drop.

水对人类很重要，我们不能没有水，水可以喝掉。但是有些人似乎并不在乎。他们浪费很多水。他们把污水排入河流和湖泊，水污染越来越严重，所以我们必须做点什么停止污染。我们不仅保护水，还发现利用它的方式。如果我们不这样做，最后一滴水将是一滴眼泪。

[高考英语作文：水的重要性

高考中作文是很重要的一点，许多人面对高考作文都在发愁，下面是小编整理的高考作文的写作技巧：六要六不要，欢迎阅读。

一要先审题不要大喜过望。看清楚题目的要求、指向，思考一下这题目可能有几种写法，哪种写法容易落于俗套，哪种写法更有创意、自己又能发挥得更好;不要似曾相识，就不再审题，这样往往容易跑题。而反复推敲自己的设计有无“跑题”，是开写的前提。

如碰到熟悉的有所准备的作文题，也要认真构思，发挥创意;不要大喜过望，马上把原来准备的往上写。每年高考阅卷占相当比重的就是所谓“宿构作文”，题材构思彼此相似，有固定的套路。判卷的老师见得多了，会很厌烦“宿构”，难免就扣分。所以即使很熟悉的题目也要重新去构思。

二要沉着应对，不要碰到难题就懵了。如碰到出乎意料毫无准备的题目，则要沉着应对，想到肯定不只是自己感到难，很可能大多数考生都难，这就“扯平”了，能让自己静下心来;不要碰到难题就懵了，乱了阵脚。每年高考作文题都可能“别出心裁”，有时甚至有点“怪”，那也别被吓住了。考场上心理因素很重要，有信心，不着急，能自我调节，才能发挥得好。

三要把时间安排好，不要虎头蛇尾。一般都是先做完其他部分的题再写作文，那么留给作文的时间就要有具体的安排。审题构思的时间要给够。提纲出来后要想想，写每一部分所需要的时间大致有多少。修改润色也要留出时间;不要没有时间观念，写到哪里算哪里。容易出现的毛病往往是开头用了很多时间，越到后来时间越不够用，只好匆忙收笔，结果虎头蛇尾。

四要列出提纲，不要只想到开头。构思时最好列出简要的提纲，把论点、论据、如何分段、前后逻辑先想清楚，然后基本上就按照提纲的思路来写;不要只想到开头，还没有通盘的构想，就着急往下写，边写边构思容易乱。

五要超越“程式化”思维不要照搬。不要轻车熟路，用做练习的习惯去写作文，不要照搬平时准备的框架、论点或素材。现今的高考作文训练往往都是“程式化”的，大家都这样去构思，甚至一种素材有几种用法都预先设计好了，只有超越，才能显示你的水平和创意，也才有好的成绩。

六要文通字顺不要堆砌辞藻。不要一味堆砌辞藻，动不动就是名人名言、格言警句。这些年高考作文常见那种华丽空洞的“文艺腔”，已经引起普遍的反感，再这样去写，容易失分。写完后读一遍，把可有可无的字句段删去，再适当加上某些润色。

下面的材料旨在丰富学生在是非问题写作方面的思想和语言，考生在复习时可以先分类阅读这些篇章，然后尝试写相关方面的作文题。

对于素材中用黑体字的部分，特别建议你熟读，背诵，因为它们在语言和观点上都值得吸收。学习语言的人应该明白，表达能力和思想深度都靠日积月累，潜移默化。从某种意义上说，提高英语写作能力无捷径可走，你必须大段背诵英语文章才能逐渐形成语感和用英语进行表达的能力。这一关，没有任何人能代替你过。

因此，建议你下点苦功夫，把背单词的精神拿出来背诵文章。何况，并不是要求你背了之后永远牢记在心：你可以这个星期背，下个星期忘。这没有关系，相信你的大脑具有神奇的能力。背了工具箱里的文章后，你会惊讶的发现：I can think in English now！

1.?????? Proverbs

1. A graduation ceremony is an event where the commencement speaker tells thousands of students dressed in identical caps and gowns that individuality is the key to success.

2. The primary purpose of a liberal education is to make one’s mind a pleasant place in which to spend one’s time.

3. Next in importance to freedom and justice is popular education, without which neither freedom nor justice can be permanently maintained.

4. The classroom--not the trench--is the frontier of freedom now and forevermore.

5. Education’s purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one.

6. It is the purpose of education to help us become autonomous, creative, inquiring people who have the will and intelligence to create our own destiny.

7. You see, real ongoing, lifelong education doesn’t answer questions; it provokes them.

8. People will pay more to be entertained than educated.

9.the most important function of education at any level is to develop the personality of the individual and the significance of his life to himself and to others. This is the basic architecture of a life; the rest is ornamentation and decoration of the structure.

10. The essence of our efforts to see that every child has a chance must be to assure each as equal opportunity, not to become equal, but to become different-to realize whatever unique potential of body, mind, and spirit he or she possesses.

11. A great teacher never strives to explain his vision-he simply invites you to stand beside him and see for yourself.

12. If you can read and don’, you are an illiterate by choice.

2. Damaging Research

A study by National Parent-Teacher Organization revealed that in the average American school, eighteen negatives are identified for every positive that is pointed out. The Wisconsin study revealed that when children enter the first grade, 80 percent of them feel pretty good themselves, but by the time they get to the sixth grade, only 10 percent of them have good self-images.

3. Education and Citizenship

An important aspect of education in the United States is the relationship between education and citizenship. Throughout its history this nation has emphasized public education as a means of transmitting democratic values, creating equality of opportunity, and preparing new generations of citizens to function in society. In addition, the schools have been expected to help shape society itself. During the 1950s, for example, efforts to combat racial segregation focused on the schools. Later, when the Soviet Union launched the first orbiting satellite, American schools and colleges came under intense pressure and were offered many incentives to improve their science and mathematics programs so that the nations would not fall behind the Soviet Union in scientific and technological capabilities.

Education is often viewed as a tool for solving social problems, especially social inequality. The schools, t is thought, can transform young people from vastly different backgrounds into competent, upwardly mobile adults. Yet these goals seem almost impossible to attain. In recent years, in fact, public education has been at the center of numerous controversies arising from the gap between the ideal and the reality. Part of the problem is that different groups in society have different have different expectations. Some feel that children should be taught basic job-related skills; still others believe education should not only prepare children to compete in society but also help them maintain their cultural identity (and, in the case of Hispanic children, their language). On the other hand, policymakers concerned with education emphasize the need to increase the level of student achievement and to improve parents in their children’s education.

Some reformers and critics have called attention to the need to link formal schooling with programs designed to address social problems. Sociologist Charles Moscos, for example, is a leader in the movement to expand programs like the Peace Corps, Vista, and Outward Bound into a system of voluntary national service. National service, as Moscos defines it, would entail “the full-time undertaking of public duties by young people whether as citizen soldiers or civilian servers-who are paid subsistence wages” and serve for at least one year. In return for this period of service, the volunteers would receive assistance in paying for college or other educational expenses.

Advocates of national service and school-to-work programs believe that education does not have to be confined to formal schooling. In devising strategies to provide opportunities for young people to serve their society, they emphasize the educational value of citizenship experiences gained outside the classroom. At this writing there is little indication that national service will become a new educational institution in the United States, although the concept is steadily gaining support among educators and social critics.

4. The Teacher’s Role

Given the undeniable importance of classroom experience, sociologists have done a considerable amount of research on what goes on in the classroom. Often they start from the premise that, along with the influence of peers, students’ experiences in the classroom are of central importance to their later development. One study examined the impact of a single first-grade teacher on her students’ subsequent adult status. The surprising results of this study have important implications. It is evident that good teachers can make a big difference in children’s lives, a fact that gives increased urgency to the need to improve the quality of primary-school teaching. The reforms carried out by educational leaders like James Comer suggest that when good teaching is combined with high levels of parental involvement the results can be even more dramatic.

Because the role of the teacher is to change the learner in some way, the teacher-student relationship is an important part of education. Sociologists have pointed out that this relationship is asymmetrical or unbalanced, with the teacher being in a position of authority and the student having little choice but to passively absorb the information provided by the teacher. In other words, in conventional classrooms there is little opportunity for the students to become actively involved in the learning process. On the other hand, students often develop strategies for undercutting the teacher’s authority: mentally withdrawing, interrupting, and the like. Hence, much current research assumes that students and teachers influence each other instead of assuming that the influence is always in a single direction.

5. Education Philosophy

For the past fifty years our schools have operated on the theories of John Dewey (1859-1953), an American educator and writer. Dewey believed hat the school’s job was to enhance the natural development of the growing child, rather than to pour information, for which the child had no context, into him or her. In the Dewey system, the child becomes the active agent in his own education, rather than a passive receptacle for facts.

Consequently, American schools are very enthusiastic about teaching “life skills” –logical thinking, analysis, creative problem--solving. The actual content of the lessons is secondary to the process, which is supposed to train the child to be able to handle whatever life may present, including all the unknowns of the future. Students and teachers both regard pure memorization as an uncreative and somewhat vulgar.

In addition to “life skills”, schools are assigned to solve the ever growing stoke of social problems. Racism, teenage pregnancy, alcoholism, drug use, reckless driving, and are just a few of the modern problems that have appeared on the school curriculum.

This all contributes to a high degree of social awareness in American youngsters.

6. Student Life

To the students, the most notable difference between elementary school and the higher levels is that in junior high they start “changing classes”. This means that rather than spending the day in one classroom, they switch classrooms to meet their different teachers. This gives them three or four minutes between classes in the hallways, where a great deal of the important social action of high school traditionally takes place. Students have lockers in these hallways, around which thy congregate.

Society in general does not take the business of studying very seriously. Schoolchildren have a great deal of free time, which they are encouraged to fill with extracurricular activities—sports, clubs, cheerleading, scouts—supposed to inculcate such qualities as leadership, sportsmanship, ability to organize, etc. those who don’t become engaged in such activities or have afterschool jobs have plenty of opportunity to “hang out”, listen to teenager music, and watch television.

Compared to other nations, American students do not have much homework. Studies also show that American parents have lower expectations for their children’s success in school than other nationalities do. (Historically, there has not been much correlation between American school success and success in later life.) “He’s just not a scholar”, the American parents might say, content that their son is on the swim team and doesn’t take drugs. (Some of the young do choose to study hard, for reason of their own, such as determining that the road to riches lies through Harvard Business School.)

What American schools do effectively teach is the competitive method. In innumerable ways children are pitted against each other—whether in classroom discussion, spelling bees, reading groups, or tests. Every classroom is expected to produce a scattering of A’s and F’s (teachers often grade A=excellent; B=good; C=average; D=poor; and F=failed). A teacher who gives all A’s looks too soft—so students are aware that they are competing for the limited number of top marks.

Foreign students sometimes don’t understand that copying from other people’s papers or from books is considered wrong and taken seriously. Here, it is important to show that you have done your own work and are displaying your own knowledge. It is more important than helping your friends to pass, whom we think do not deserve to pass unless they can provide their own answers. Group effort goes against the competitive grain, and American students do not study together as many Asians do. Many Asians in this country consider their group study habits a large contributor to their school success.

7. Adult Education

After complaining about many aspects of American life, a 40-year-old woman from Hong Kong concluded, “But where else could someone my age go back to school and get a degree in social work? Here you can change your whole life, start a new business, do what you really want to do.”

So at least to this person, school requirements weren’t inhibiting. And to millions of others, adult education is the path to a new career, or if not to a new career, to a new outlook. Schools generally encourage the older person who wants to start anew, and besides regular classes, schedule evening classes in special programs. Today there are so many people of retirement age in college that it is no longer remarkable.

8. Moral Relativism in American

Improving American education requires not doing new things but doing (and remembering) some good old things. At the time of our nation’s founding, Thomas Jefferson listed the requirements for a sound education in the Report of the Commissioners for the University of Virginia. In this landmark statement on American education, Jefferson wrote of the importance of education and writing, and of reading history, and geography. But he also emphasized the need “to instruct the mass of our citizens in these, their rights, interests, and duties, as men and citizens.” Jefferson believed education should aim at the improvement of both one’s “morals” and “faculties”. That has been the dominant view of the aims of American education for over two centuries. But a number of changes, most of them unsound, have diverted schools from these great pursuits. And the story of the loss of the school’s original moral mission explains a great deal.

Starting in the early seventies, “values clarification” programs started turning up in schools all over America. According to this philosophy, the schools were not to take part in their time-honored task of transmitting sound moral values; rather, they were to allow the child to “clarify” his own values (which adults, including parents, had no “rights” to criticize). The “values clarification” movement didn’t clarify values; it clarified wants and desires. This form of moral relativism said, in effect, that no set of values was right or wrong; everybody had an equal right to his own values; and all values were subjective, relative, and personal. This destructive view took hold with a vengeance.

In 1985 The York Times published an article quoting New York area educators, in slavish devotion to this new view, proclaiming, “They deliberately avoid trying to tell students what is ethically right and wrong.” The article told of one counseling session involving fifteen high school juniors and seniors. In the course of that session a student concluded that a fellow student had been foolish to return one thousand dollars she found in a purse at school. According to the article, when the youngsters asked the counselor’s opinion, “He told them he believed the girl had done the right thing, but that, of course, he would not try to force his values on them. ‘If I come from the position of what is wrong,’ he explained, ‘then I’m not their counselor.’”

Once upon a time, a counselor offered counselor, and he knew that an adult does not form character in the young by taking a stance of neutrality toward questions of right and wrong or by merely offering “choices” or “options”.

In response to the belief that adults and educators should teach children sound morals, one can expect from some quarters indignant objections (I’ve heard one version of it expressed countless times over the years): “Who are you to say what’s important?” or “Whose standards and judgments do we use?”

The correct response, it seems to me, is, is we ready to do away with standards and judgments? Is anyone going to argue seriously that a life of cheating and swindling is as worthy as a life of honest, hard work? Is anyone (with the exception of some literature professors at our elite universities) going to argue seriously the intellectual corollary, that a Marvel comic book is as good as Macbeth? Unless we are willing to embrace some pretty silly position, we’ve got to admit the need for moral and intellectual standards. The problem is that some people tend to regard anyone who would pronounce a definitive judgment as an unsophisticated Philistine or a closed-minded “elitist” trying to impose his view on everybody else.

The truth of the real world is that without standards and judgments, there can be no progress. Unless we are prepared to say irrational things—that nothing can be proven more valuable than anything else or that everything is equally worthless—we must ask the normative question. It may come, as a surprise to those who fell that to be “progressive” is to be value-neutral. But as Matthew Amold said, “the world is forwarded by having its attention fixed on the best things” and if the world can’t decide what the best things are, at least to some degree, then it follows that progress, and character, is in trouble. We shouldn’t be reluctant to declare that some things, some lives, books, ideas, and values are better than others. It is the responsibility of the schools to teach these better things.

At one time, we weren’t so reluctant to teach them. In the mid-nineteenth century, a diverse, widespread group of crusaders began to work for the public support of what was then called the “common school”, the forerunner of the public school. They were to be charged with the mission of school felt that the nation could fulfill its destiny only if every new generation was taught these values together in a common institution.

The leaders of the common school movement were mainly citizens who were prominent in their communities—businessmen, ministers, local civic and government officials. These people saw the schools as upholders of standards of individual morality and small incubators of civic and personal virtue; the founders of the public schools had faith that public education could teach good moral and civic character from a common ground of American values.

But in the past quarter century or so, some of the so-called experts became experts of value neutrality, and moral education was increasingly left in their hands. The commonsense view of parents and the publicthat schools should reinforce rather than undermine the values of home, family, and country, was increasingly rejected.

There are those today still that claim we are now too diverse a nation, that we consist of too many competing convictions and interests to instill common values. They are wrong. Of course we are a diverse people. We have always been a diverse people. And as Madison wrote in FederalistNo.10, the competing, balancing interests of a diverse people can help ensure the survival of liberty. But there are values that all American citizens share and that we should want all American students to know and to make their own: honesty, fairness, self-discipline, fidelity to task, friends, and family, personal responsibility, love of country, and belief in the principles of liberty, equality, and the freedom to practice one’s faith. The explicit teaching of these values is the legacy of the common schools, and it is a legacy to which we must return.

9. Schools Should Teach Values

People often said, “Yes, we should teach these values, but how do we teach them?” this question deserves a candid response, one that isn’t given often enough. It is by exposing our children to good character and inviting its imitation that we will transmit to them a moral foundation. This happens when teachers and principals, by their words and actions, embody sound convictions. As Oxford’s Mary Warnock has written, “You cannot teach morality without being committed to morality yourself; and you cannot be committed to morality yourself without holding that some things are right and others wrong.” The theologian Martin Buber wrote that the educator is distinguished from all other influences “by his will to take part in the stamping of character and by his consciousness that he represents in the eyes of the growing person a certain selection of what is, the selection of what is ‘right’, of what should be.” It is in this will, Buber says, in this clear standing for something, that the “vocation as an educator finds its fundamental expression.”

There is no escaping the fact that young people need as example principals and teachers who know the difference between right and wrong, good and bad, and who themselves exemplify high moral purpose.

As Education Secretary, I visited a class at Waterbury Elementary School in Waterbury, Vermont, and asked the students, “Is this a good school?” They answered, “Yes, this is a good school.” I asked them, “Why?” Among other things, one eight-year-old said, “The principal Mr. Riegel, makes good rules and everybody obeys them.” So I said, “Give me an example.” And another answered, “You can’t climb on the pipes in the bathroom. We don’t climb on the pipes and the principal doesn’t either.”

This example is probably too simple to please a lot of people who want to make the topic of moral education difficult, but there is something profound in the answer of those children, something education should pay more attention to. You can’t expect children to take messages about rules or morality seriously unless they see adults taking those rules seriously in their day-to-day affairs. Certain must be said, certain limits lay down, and certain examples set. There is no other way.

We should also do a better job at curriculum selection. The research shows that most “values education” exercises and separate courses in “moral reasoning” tend not to affect children’s behavior; if anything, they may leave children morally adrift. Where to turn? I believe our literature and our history are a rich quarry of moral literacy. We should mine that quarry. Children should have at their disposal a stock of examples illustrating what we believe to be right and wrong, good and bad—examples illustrating what are morally right and wrong can indeed be known and that there is a difference.

What kind of stories, historical events, and famous lives am I talking about? If we want our children to know about honesty, we should teach them about Abe Lincoln walking three miles to return six cents and conversely, about Aesop’s shepherd boy who cried wolf if we want them to know about courage, we should teach them about Joan of Arc, Horatius at the bridge, and Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad. If we want them to know about persistence in the face of adversity, they should know about the voyages of Columbus and the character of Washington during the Civil War. And our youngest should be told about the Little Engine That Could. If we want them to know about respect for the law, they should understand why Socrates told Crito: “No, I must submit to the decree of Athens.” If we want our children to respect the rights of others, they should read the Declaration of Independence, the Bill of Rights, the Gettysburg Address, and Martin Luther King, Jr.’ “Letter from Birmingham jail.” From the Bible they should know about Ruth’s loyalty to Naomi, Joseph’s forgiveness of his brothers, Jonathan’s friendship with David, the Good Samaritan’s kindness toward a stranger, and David’s cleverness and courage in facing Goliath.

These are only a few of the hundreds of examples we can call on. And we need not get into issues like nuclear war, abortion, creationism, or euthanasia. This may come as a disappointment to some people, but the fact is that the formation of character in young people is educationally a task different from, and prior to, the discussion of the great, difficult controversies of the day. First things come first. We should teach values the same way we teach other things: one step at a time. We should not use the fact that there are many difficult and controversial moral questions as an argument against basic instruction in the subject.

After all, we do not argue against teaching physics because laser physics is difficult, against teaching American history because there are heated disputes about the Founders’ intent. Every field has its complexities and its controversies. And every field has its basics, its fundamentals. So they are too with forming character and achieving moral literacy. As any parent knows, teaching character is a difficult task. But it is a crucial task, because we want our children to be healthy, happy, and successful but decent, strong, and good. None of this happens automatically; there is no genetic transmission of virtue. It takes the conscious, committed efforts of adults. It takes careful attention.

10. College Pressures

Mainly I try to remind that the road ahead is a long one and that it will have more unexpected turns than they think. There will be plenty of time to change jobs, change careers, change whole attitudes and approaches. They don not want to hear such liberating news. They want a map—right now – that they can follow unswervingly to career security, financial security, Social Security and, presumably, a prepaid grave.

What I wish for all students is some release from the clammy grip of the future. I wish them a chance to savor each segment of their education as an experience in itself and not as a grim preparation for the next step. I wish them the right to experiment, to trip and fall, to learn that defeat is as instructive as victory and is not the end of the world.

My wish, of course, is na?ve. One of the national gods venerated in our media—the million-dollar athlete, the wealthy executive—and glorified in our praise of possessions. In the presence of such a potent state religion, the young are growing up old.

I see four kinds of pressure working on college students today: economic pressure, parental pressure, peer pressure, and self-induced pressure. It is easy to look around for villains—to blame the colleges for charging too much money, the professors for assigning too much work, the parents for pushing their children too far, and the students for driving themselves too hard. But there are no villains: only victims.

“In the late 1960s.” one dean told me. “The typical question that I got from students was ‘Why is there so much suffering in the world’ or ‘how I can make a contribution?’ Today it’s ‘Do you think it would look better for getting into law school if I did a double major in history and political science, or just majored in one of them?’” many other deans confirmed this pattern. One said: “They are trying to find an edge—the intangible something that will look better on paper if two students are about equal.”

Note the emphasis on looking better. The transcript has become a sacred document, the passport to security. How one appears on paper is more important than how one appears in person. A is for Admirable and B is for Borderline, even though, in Yale’s official system of grading, A means “excellent” and B means “very good.” Today, looking very good is no longer good enough, especially for students who hope to go on to law school or medical school. They know that entrance into the better schools will be an entrance into the better law firms and better medical practices where they will make a lot of money. They also know that the odds are harsh. Yale Law School, for instance, matriculates 170students from an applicant pool of 3,700; Harvard enrolls 550 from a pool of 7,000.

It’s all very well for those of us who write letters of recommendation for our students to stress the qualities of humanity that will make them good lawyers or doctors. And it’s nice to think that admission officers are ready reading our letters and looking for the extra dimension of commitment or concern. Still, it would be hard for a student not to visualize these officers shuffling so many transcripts studded with As that they regard a B as positively shameful.

The pressure is almost as heavy on students who just want to graduate and get a job. Long gone are the days of the “gentleman’s C.” when students journeyed through college with a certain relaxation, sampling a wide variety of courses-music, art, philosophy, classics, anthropology, poetry, religion—that would send them out as liberally educated men and women. If I were an employer I would rather employ graduates who have this range and curiosity than those who narrowly pursued safe subjects and high grades. I know countless students whose inquiring minds exhilarate me. I like to hear the play of their ideas. I do not know if they are getting As or Cs, and I do not care. I also like them as people. The country needs them, and they will find satisfying jobs. I tell them to relax. They cannot.

Nor can I blame them. They live in a brutal economy. Tuition, room, and board at most private colleges now come to at least $7,000, not counting books and fees. This might seem to suggest that the colleges are getting rich. But they are equally battered by inflation. Tuition covers only 60 percent of what it costs to educate a student, and ordinarily the remainder comes from what college receives in endowments, grants, and gifts. Now, the remainder keeps being swallowed by the cruel costs—higher every year—of just opening the doors. Heating oil is up. Insurance is up. Postage is up. Health-premium costs are up. Everything is up. Deficits are up. We are witnessing in American the creation of a brotherhood of paupers—colleges, parents, and students, joined by the common bond of debt.

Today it is not unusual for a student, even if he works part time at college and full time during the summer, to accrue $5,000 in loans after four years—loans that he must start to repay within one year after graduation. Exhorted at commencement to go forth into the world, he is already behind as he goes forth. How could he not feel under pressure throughout college to prepare for this day of reckoning? I have used “he,” incidentally, only for brevity. Women at Yale are under no less pressure to justify their expensive education to themselves, their parents, and society. In fact, they are probably under more pressure. For although they leave college superbly equipped to bring fresh leadership to traditionally male jobs, society has not yet caught up with this fact.

Along with economic pressure goes parental pressure. Inevitably, the two are deeply intertwined.

I see many students taking pre-medical courses with joyless tenacity. They go off to their labs as if they were going to the dentist. It saddens me because I know tem in other corners of their life as cheerful people.

“Do you want to medical school?” I asked them.

“I guess so,” they say, without conviction, or “Not really.”

“Then why are you going?”

“Well, my parents want me to be a doctor. They are paying all this money and …”

Poor students, poor parents, they are caught in one of the oldest webs of love and duty and guilt. The parents mean will; they are trying to steer their sons and draughts toward a secure future. But the sons and daughter want to major in history or classics or philosophy—subjects with no “practical” value. Where’s the payoff on the humanities? It’s not easy to persuade such loving parents that the humanities do indeed pay off. The intellectual faculties developed by studying subjects like history and classics—an ability to synthesize and relate, to weigh cause and effect, to see events in perspective—are just the faculties that make creative leaders in business or almost any general field. Still, many fathers would rather put their money on courses that point toward specific profession—courses that are pre-law, pre-medical, pre-business, or, as I sometimes heard it put, “pre-rich.”

But the pressure on students is severe. They are truly torn. One part of them feels obliged to fulfill their parents’ expectations; after all, their parents are older and presumably wiser. Another part tells them that the expectations that are right for their parents are not right for them.

I know a student who wants to be an artist. She is very obviously an artist and will be a good one—she has already had several modest local exhibits. Meanwhile she is growing as a well-round person and taking humanistic subjects that will enrich the inner resources out of which her art will grow. But her father is strongly opposed. He thinks that an artist is a “dumb” thing to be. The student vacillates and tries to please everybody. She keeps up with her art somewhat furtively and takes some of the “dumb” courses her father wants her to take—at least they are dumb courses for her. She is a free spirit on a campus of tense students—no small achievement in it—and she deserves to follow her muse.

Peer pressure and self-induced pressure are also intertwined, and they begin almost at the beginning of freshman year.

“I had a freshman student I’ll call Linda,” one dean told me, “who came in and said she was under terrible pressure because her roommate, Barbara, was much brighter and studied all the time. I could not tell her that Barbara had come in two hours earlier to say the same thing about Linda.”

The story is almost funny—except that it is not. It is symptomatic of all the pressure put together. When every student thinks every other student is working harder and doing better, the only solution is to study harder still. I see students going off to the library every night after dinner and coming back when it closes at midnight. I wish they would sometimes forget about their peers and go to a movie. I hear the clacking of typewriters in the hours before dawn. I see the tension in their eyes when exams are approaching and papers are due: “Will I get everything done?”

Probably they won’t. They will get blocked. They will sleep. They will oversleep. They will bug out.

Part of the problem is that they are expected to do. A professor will assign five page papers. Several students will start writing ten page papers to impress him. Then more students will write ten page papers, and a few will raise the ante to fifteen. Pity the poor student who is still just doing the assignment.

“Once you have twenty or thirty percent of the student population deliberately overexerting,” one dean points out, “It’s bad for everybody. When a teacher gets more and more effort from his class, the student who is doing normal work can be perceived as not doing well. The tactic work, psychologically.”

Why cannot the professor just cut back and not accept longer papers? He can, and he probably will. But by then the term will be half over and the damage done. Grade fever is highly contagious and not easily reversed. Besides, the professor’s main concern is with his course. He knows his students only in relation to the course and does not know that they are also overexerting in their other courses. Nor is it really his business. He did not sign up for dealing with the student as a whole person and with all the emotional baggage the student brought along from home. That’s what deans, masters, chaplains, and psychiatrists are for.

To some extent this is nothing new: a certain number of professors have always been self-contained islands of scholarship and shyness, more comfortable with books than with people. But the new pauperism has widened the gap still further, for professors who actually like to spend time with students do not have as much time to spend. They are also overexerting. If they are young, they are busy trying to publish in order not to perish, hanging by their figure nails onto a shrinking profession.

If they are old and tenured, they are buried under the duties of administering departments—as departmental chairmen or members of committees—that have been thinned out by the budgetary axe.

Ultimately it will be the students’ own business to break the circles in which they are trapped. They are too young to be prisoners of their parents’ dreams and their classmates’ fears. They must be jolted into believing into themselves as unique men and women who have the power to shape their own future.

“Violence is being done to the undergraduate experience,” says Carlos Hortas. “College should be open-ended: at the end it should open many, many roads. Instead, students are choosing their goal in advance, and their choices narrow as they go along. It’s almost as if they think that the country has been codified in the type of jobs that exist-that they’ve got to fit into certain slots. Therefore, fit into the best paying slot.”

“They ought to take chances. Not taking chances will lead to life of colorless mediocrity. They’ll be comfortable. But something in the spirit will be missing.”

I have painted too drab a portrait of today’s students, making them seem a solemn lot. That is only half of their story; if they were so dreary I wouldn’t so thoroughly enjoy their company. The other half is that they are easy to like. They are quick to laugh and to offer friendship. They are not introverts. They are usually kind and are more considerate of one another than any student generation I have known.

Nor are they so obsessed with their studies that they avoid sports and extracurricular activities. On the contrary, they juggle their crowded hours to play on a variety of teams, perform with musical and dramatic groups, and write for campus publications. But this in turn is one more cause of anxiety. There are too many choices. Academically, they have 1,300 courses to select from; outside class they have to decide how much spare time they can spare and how to spend it.

This means that they engage in fewer extracurricular pursuits than their predecessors did. If they want to row on the crew and play in the symphony they will eliminate one; in the ‘60s they would have done both. They also tend to choose activities that are self-limiting. Drama, for instance, is flourishing in all twelve of Yale’s residential colleges, as it never has before. Students hurl themselves into these productions—as actors, directors, carpenters, and technicians—with a dedication to create the best possible play, knowing that the day will come when the run will end and they can get back to their studies.

They also cannot afford to be the willing slave of organizations like the Yale Daily News. Last spring at the one-hundredth anniversary banquet of that paper—who’s past chairmen include such once and future kings as Potter Stewart, Kingman Brewster, and William F. Buckley, Jr.—much was made of the fact that the editorial staff used to be small and totally committed and that “newsies” routinely worked fifty hours a week. In effect they belonged to a club; Newsies is how they defined themselves at Yale. Today’s students will one or two articles a week, when he can, and he defines himself as a student. I’ve never heard the word Newsie except at the banquet.

If I have described the modern undergraduate primarily as a driven creature who is largely ignoring the blithe spirit inside who keeps trying to come out and play, it’s because that’s where the crunch is, not only at Yale but throughout American education. It’s why I think we should all be worried about the values that are nurturing a generation so fearful of risk and so goal-obsessed at such an early age.

I tell students that there is no one “right” way to get ahead—that each of them is a different person, starting from a different point and bound for a different destination. I tell neither them that change is a tonic and that all the slots are not codified nor the frontiers closed. One of my ways of telling them is to invite men and women who have achieved success outside the academic world to come and talk informally with my students during the year. They are heads of companies or ad agencies, editors of magazines, politicians, public officials, television magnates, labor leaders, business executives, Broadway products, artists, writers, economists, photographers, scientists, historians—a mixed bag of achievers.

I asked them to say a few words about how they got started. The students assume that they started in their present profession and knew all along that it was what they wanted to do. Luckily for me, most of them got into their field by a circuitous route, to their surprise, after many detours. The students are startled. They can hardly conceive of a career that was not pre-planned. They can hardly imagine allowing the hand of God or chance to nudge them down some unforeseen trail.

11. To Err Is Wrong

In the summer of 1979, Boston Red Sox first baseman Carl Yastrzemski became the fifteenth player in baseball history to reach the three thousand hit plateaus. This event drew a lot of media attention, and for about a week prior to the attainment of this goal, hundreds of reports covered Yaz’s every more. Finally, one reporter asked, “Hey Yaz, aren’t you afraid all of this attention will go to your head?” Yastrzemski replied, “I look at this way: in my career I’ve been up to bat over ten thousand times. That means I’ve been unsuccessful at the plate over seven thousand times. That fact alone keeps me from getting a swollen head.”?

Most people consider success and failure as opposites, but they are actually both products of the same process. As Yaz suggest, an activity that produces a hit may also produce a miss. It is the same with creative thinking; the same energy that generates good creative ideas also produces errors.

Many people, however, are not comfortable with errors. Our educational system, based on “the right answer” belief, cultivates our thinking in another, more conservative way. From an early age, we are taught that right answers are good and incorrect answers are bad. This value is deeply embedded in the incentive system used in most schools:

Right over 90% of the time = “A”

Right over 80% of the time = “B~”

Right over 70% of the time = “C~” Right over 60% of the time = “D~” Less than 60% correct, you fail.

From this we learn to be right as often as possible and to keep our mistakes to a minimum. We learn, in other words, that “to err is wrong.

Playing It Safe

With this kind of attitude, you aren’t going to be taking too many chances. If you learn that failing even a litter penalizes you (e.g., being wrong only 15% of the time garners you only a “B” performance), you learn not to make mistakes. And more important, you learn not to put yourself to situation where you might fall. This leads to conservative thought pattern designed to avoid the stigma our society puts on “failure”.

I have a friend who recently graduated from college with a Master’s degree in Journalism. For the last six month, she has been trying to find a job, but to no avail. I talked with her about situation, and realized that her problem is that she doesn’t know how to fail. She went through eighteen years of schooling to try any approaches where she might fail. She has been conditioned to believe that failure is bad in and of itself, rather than a potential stepping-stone to new ideas.

Look around. How many middle managers, housewives, administrators, teachers, and other people do you see who are to try anything new because of this failure? Most of us have learned not to make mistakes in public. As a result, we remove ourselves from many learning experience except for those occurring in the most private of circumstances.

Different Logic

From a practical point of view, “to err is wrong” makes sense. Our survival in the everyday world requires us to perform thousand of small tasks without failure. Think about it: you wouldn’t last very long if you were to step out in front of traffic or stick your hand a pot of boiling water. In addition, engineers whose bridges collapse, stock brokers who lose money for their clients, and copywriters whose ad campaigns decrease sales won’t keep their jobs very long.

Nevertheless, too great an adherence to the belief “to err is wrong” can greatly undermine your attempts to generate new ideas. If you are more concerned with producing right answers than generating original ideas, you’ll probably make uncritical use of the rules, formulae, and procedures used to obtain these right answers. By doing this, you’ll by-pass the germinal phase of the creative process, and thus spend litter time testing assumptions, challenging the rules, asking what-if questions, or just playing around with the problem. All of these techniques will produce some incorrect answers, but in the germinal phase errors are viewed as a necessary by-product of creative thinking. As Yaz would put it, “if you want the hits, be prepared for the misses.” That’s the way the game of life goes.

Errors as Stepping Stones

Whenever an error pops up, the usual response is “Jeez, another screw up, what went wrong this time?” the creative thinker, on the other hand, will realize the potential value of errors, and perhaps say something like, “Would you look at that! Where can it lead our thinking?” and then he or she will go on to use the error as a stepping stone to a new idea. As a matter of fact, the whole history of discovery is filed with people who used erroneous assumptions and failed ideas as stepping-stones to new ideas. Columbus thought he was finding a shorter route to India. Johannes Kepler stumbled on to the idea of interplanetary gravity because of assumptions that were right for the wrong reasons. And, Thomas Edison knew 1800 ways not to build a light bulb.

The following story about the automotive genius Charles Kettering exemplifies the spirit of working through erroneous assumptions to good ideas. In 1912, when the automobile industry was just beginning to grow, Kettering was interested in improving gasoline engine efficiency. The problem he faced was“knockthe phenomenon in which gasoline takes too long to burn in the cylinder-thereby reducing efficiency.

Kettering began searching for ways to eliminate the “knock.” He thought to him, “How can I get the gasoline to combust in the cylinder at an earlier time?” the key concept here is “early”. Searching for analogous situations, he looked around for models of “things that happen early.” He thought of historical models, physical models, and biological models. Finally, he remembered a particular plant, the trailing arbutus, which “happens early,” i.e., it blooms in the snow (“earlier” than other plants). One of this plant’s chief characteristics is its’ red leaves, which help the plant retain light at certain wavelengths. Kettering figured that it must be the red color, which made the trailing arbutus bloom earlier.

Now came the critical step in Kettering’s chain of thought. He asked himself, “How can I make the gasoline red?” perhaps I’ll put red dye in the gasoline—maybe that’ll make it combust earlier.” He looked around his workshop, and found that he didn’t have any red dye. But he did happen to have some iodine—perhaps that would do. He added the iodine to the gasoline and, lo and behold, the engine didn’t “knock”.

[英语作文写作的需要背诵的部分

导语：人人都需要勇气，来面对流言蜚语，确实是这样。我们都需要勇气，勇气是通向成功的必要。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的高考写作素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

我5岁的时候，和父亲生活在菲律宾哲布港外一个名叫卡维特的小岛上。

岛上的日子是孤独难熬的。没有同龄的玩伴，我只能从海滩上寻找乐趣。

每天一早，我醒来的第一件事情就是冲向海滩，搜寻晚间海浪为我送来的"礼物"--一辆没有轮子的玩具小汽车，几个缺手缺腿的塑料玩具兵，还有颜色不同的塑料球和橡皮球，等等。虽然这些东西在别人眼里都是些垃圾，但却成了我的珍藏。

一个夏日的早晨，我又向沙滩走去。远远地，我突然看见了一条从没见过的玩具船，白色树脂做成的船身，塑料片做成的透明船帆。在我眼里，那可真是一件完美无比的漂亮玩具!

正当我兴奋地向那条小船奔去时，一艘渡轮漾起的海浪将小船一下子掀进了海里。我的心猛地一紧，想也不想就跳进了海里，伸手去抓那条小船，全然忘记自己根本不会游泳。

转眼间，海水就淹到了我的脖子。正当我感到呼吸有些困难，一个大浪打来，我一下子被卷了进去。我的两手拼命乱抓，两脚拼命乱蹬，拼尽全力把头保持在水平面上，可是，海水又深又凉，水流的力量又非常强大，渐渐地我感到自己体力不支。恍惚中，我的身体渐渐向海底沉去......

这时父亲刚巧走出我们居住的海边小屋，一眼就看到我在海水中手脚并用挣扎呼救的样子。他立刻用最快的速度冲进海里，猛地一下子将我的身体拽出了水面。他拖着我一路游上岸，立刻给我做口对口人工呼吸。过了不大一会儿，我缓了过来，一侧身，"哇"地吐出十几口海水。我睁开眼睛看见了父亲，他竟然哭了，无论是在那以前还是自那以后，我从没有看过他哭得那么伤心。

第二天，我踉跄着走出小屋，前一天可怕的经历让我对海滩产生了恐惧。我躲得远远的，望着往日曾给我带来过无数快乐的海滩发呆。就在这时，父亲走了过来，他拍了拍我肩膀，让我跟着他向大海走去。海水没上了我的脚背、膝盖，父亲有力的手托着我，我感到自己的身体在海水里浮了起来。就这样，不久我就学会了游泳。为了锻炼我的胆量，父亲还带我登上了岛上的防波堤，让我试着向下跳。尽管我知道那里的海水很深，但是我还是跟着父亲跳了下去，因为我知道，有他在下面，我一定会安全上岸的。

渐渐地，我爱上了大海。经常，当我在海水中奋臂划水时，父亲会坐在岸边的礁石旁看着我，脸上荡漾着幸福的微笑。

他知道，我已经彻底走出了那次溺水事故的阴影，开始懂得困难和挫折其实是生活中重要的一部分，它们让人更加珍惜来之不易的成功。

后来，我在菲律宾大学获得了美术学位。

现在，我是一名职业画家。

每当我苦思冥想一幅作品的表现形式时，我常常会去海里畅游一次，从那种自由无比的感觉中获得灵感。

每当这个时刻，我总会想起父亲将我带上防波堤时说的那句话："相信你自己。孩子，你能行!"

导语：写作方法就是写作中进行表现时运用的方法，是作者为表情达意而采取的有效艺术手段。

学生写作时，如果语句平平，只选用一些普通的、直截了当的词，那么，这样写出来的文章根本没有可阅读行，就像是一碗没有油盐酱醋面条一样，让人提不起一点精神和看下去的欲望，呆板、单调，没有可读性。如果一篇文章要让读者有可读性、有深度，同学们更应该掌握一些高级点词和语句来装饰你的文章，突出这篇文章的彩头，使文章增添文采，给读者以不一样的感受。具体方法可以参照下面的语句：

1. 画龙点睛，一篇文章的开头很重要。

在通常情况下，英语句子的排列方式为“主语+谓语+宾语”，即主语一般都会在谓语前面。但若根据情况适当改变句子的开头方式，比如在文章的开始的时候写一些倒状语句或以状语为起始语句的开头，这样子的文章更具表现力和感染力。如：

(1) There stands an old temple at the top of the hill.

→ At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.

在小山顶上有一座古庙。

(2) You can do it well only in this way.

→ Only in this way can you do it well.

只有这样你才能把它做好。

(3) A young woman sat by the window.

→ By the window sat a young woman.

窗户边坐着一个年轻妇女。

2. 避免重复使用同一词语

为了使表达更生动，更富表现力，同学们在写作时应尽量避免重复使用同一词语来表示同一意思，尤其是一些老生常谈的词语。如有的同学一看到“喜欢”二字，就会立刻想起like，事实上，英语中表示类似意思的词和短语很多，如 love, enjoy, prefer, appreciate, be fond of, care for等。如：

I like reading while my brother likes watching television.

→ I like reading while my brother enjoys watching television.

我喜欢看书，而我的兄弟却喜欢看电视。

3. 合理使用省略句

合理恰当地使用省略句，不仅可以使文章精练、简洁，而且会使文章更具文采和可读性。如：

(1) He may be busy. If he’s busy, I’ll call later. If he is not busy, can I see him now?

→ He may be busy. If so, I’ll call later. If not, can I see him now?

他可能很忙，要是这样，我以后再来拜访。要是不忙，我现在可以见他吗?

(2) If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If it is not fine, we’ll not go.

→ If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If not, not.

如果天气好，我们就去；如果天气不好，我们就不去了。

(3) She could have applied for that job, but she didn’t do so.

→ She could have applied for that job, but she didn’t.

她本可申请这份工作的，但她没有。

4. 适当运用非谓语结构

非谓语结构通常被认为是一种高级结构，适当运用非谓语结构，会给人一种熟练驾驭语言的印象。如：

(1) When he heard the news, they all jumped for joy.

→ Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy.

听了这消息他们都高兴得跳了起来。

(2) As I didn’t know her address, I wasn’t able to get in touch with her.

→ Not knowing her address, I wasn’t able to get in touch with her.

由于不知道她的地址，我没法和她联系。

(3) As he was born into a peasant family, he had only two years of schooling.

→ Born into a peasant family, he had only two years of schooling.

他出生农民家庭，只上过两年学。

5. 结合使用长句与短句

在英语写作中，过多地使用长句或过多地使用短句都不好。正确的做法是，根据实际情况在文章中交替使用长句与短语，使文章显得错落有致，这样不仅使文章在形式上增加美感，而且使文章读起来铿锵有力。如：

At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine. Then we had a short rest. Then we began to play happily. We sang and danced. Some told stories. Some played chess.

→ At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine. After a short rest, we had great fun singing and dancing, telling jokes and playing chess.

中午我们晒着太阳吃野餐。休息一会儿后，我们唱的唱歌，跳的跳舞，还有的讲笑话、下棋，大家玩得很开心。

6. 适当使用短语代替单词

(1) He has decided to be a teacher when he grows up.

→ He has made up his mind to be a teacher when he grows up.

他已决定长大了当老师。

(2) He doesnt like music.

→ He doesnt care much for music.

他不大喜欢音乐。

(3) He told me that the question was now under discussion.

→ He told me that the question was now being discussed.

他告诉我问题现正正在讨论中。

7. 恰当套用某些固定表达

(1) He was very tired. He couldn’t walk any farther.

→ He was too tired to walk any farther.

他太累了，不能再往前走了。

(2) The film was very interesting. Both the teachers and the students liked it.

→ The film was so interesting that both the teachers and the students liked it.

这电影很有趣，学生和老师都很喜欢。

(3) Your son is old. He can look after himself now.

→ Your son is old enough to look after himself now.

你的儿子已经长大，可以自己照顾自己了。

8. 尽量使句子带点“洋味”

(1) Dont worry. Be bold and try it, and youll learn it soon.

→Dont worry. Just go for it, and youll get it soon.

别担心，大胆试一试，你很快就会学会的。

(2) Thank you for playing with us.

→Thank you for sharing the time with us.

谢谢你陪我玩。

9. 综合使用各类所谓的“高级”结构

(1) Now everyone knows the news. I think Jim must have let it out.

→ Now everyone knows the news. I think it must have been Jim who has let it out.

现在人人都知道这消息了，我想一定是吉姆把它泄露出去的。

(2) We had to stand there to catch the offender.

→ What we had to do was (to) stand there, trying to catch the offender.

我们所能做的只是站在那儿，设法抓住违章者。

(3) If her pronunciation is not better than her teacher’s, it is at least as good as her teacher’s.

→ Her pronunciation is as good as, if not better than, her teacher’s.

如果她的语音不比她的老师好的话，至少也不会比她老师的差。

10. 适当使用名言警句点缀

在写作时根据实际情况恰当地用上一两句名言警句来点缀文章，不仅使文章显得有深度、有智慧，而且会让文章在评分中上一个“得分档次”。如：

(1) As the proverb says, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” Though you fail this time, you needn’t lose heart. As long as you work hard and stick to your dream, you will succeed one day.

(2) There is a proverb goes like this “Life isn’t a bed of roses.” It is ture that it is likely for everyone to meet problems and difficulties in life.

(3) In the modern world, more and more people live alone, which is not so good for our life. It is better for us to make more friends and enjoy friendship. Just as a proverb says, “A near friend is better than a far-dwelling kinsman.”

[关于英语作文的写作方法指导

导语：明星文章因在店内包厢抽烟而引发舆论热议，包括北京控烟协会会长在内的多人对他进行了舆论的谴责。然而，回到现实生活中，我们却尴尬地发现，对文章的谴责丝毫没有影响烟民在公众场所抽烟的“热情”。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的作文素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

阅读下面的材料，根据要求写一篇不少于800字的文章。

日前，一则有关文章在火锅店包间内抽烟的视频在网上曝光。视频中显示，文章来到火锅店包间吃饭，边抽烟边与朋友交谈，视频半分钟的时间内并无人员阻拦。事后，涉事店方被责令整改。随后，某档法制节目对此事件进行了报道。北京控烟协会会长回应称，希望文章立即对新闻报道做出积极回应，承认错误，求得社会的原谅。两天后，文章更新微博，上传了一张写有“I’M SORRY”的图片，并写道“接受批评，严于律己”，为自己在公共场所吸烟一事致歉。

以上材料引发了你怎样的思考或联想?要求结合材料内容及含意，选好角度，确定立意，明确文体，自拟标题。不要套作，不得抄袭。

押题理由与解析

纵观近三年的高考题，不难发现立足社会热点的考题已成为全国各地区高考作文的命题趋势。社会热点只是引子，其中蕴含的问题实质才是核心要点。以2015年全国卷Ⅰ为例，“违反交规的父亲”的话题核心实质是依法治国，14年全国卷Ⅰ“双人过独木桥”的实质则是“规则”。本题选取的“文章抽烟”实际上探讨的话题是“遵守制度”。考生可从文章、涉事店方等角度思考、立意，也可以从遵守制度本身考虑写成议论文。

佳作示例

禁烟屡禁不止，谁之过

明星文章因在店内包厢抽烟而引发舆论热议，包括北京控烟协会会长在内的多人对他进行了舆论的谴责。然而，回到现实生活中，我们却尴尬地发现，对文章的谴责丝毫没有影响烟民在公众场所抽烟的“热情”。这屡禁不止的背后，到底是谁的原因?

回到事件本身，我们不难发现，文章的道歉源于抽烟视频的上传和法治节目的报道。试想，如果没有来自大众和媒体的舆论，文章会因为在包厢内抽烟而道歉吗?我想答案应该是否定的。因为有太多的人在这样的场所肆无忌惮地抽烟了，在这样的环境中，碍于面子，同行的朋友不会提醒;关涉生意，店里的老板不愿惹这个麻烦;靠本人自觉?在这里似乎不太成立。

二手烟的危害有多大?与一手烟相比，二手烟有一手烟两倍的尼古丁、3倍的焦油、5倍的一氧化碳、约50倍的致癌物质……那么为什么还是有什么多人在公众场所抽烟呢?

最大的原因恐怕是抽烟的危害并没有那么直观。如果我们将禁止在公共场所抽烟和禁止酒驾做一个对比，不难发现，这两项一开始同样为大家所不接受的事件，随着时间的推移，禁止酒驾越来越深入人心，而禁止抽烟却依然如同以往。喝酒不开车之所以为大家所接受，是因为喝酒会带来实实在在的处罚：车祸、驾照扣分、刑事拘留等等。这些后果都是相当直观可感的。那么在公共场所抽烟呢?一般情况下，恐怕不会发生什么。就像同样身为公众人物的高晓松，在酒驾入刑后，用自己的切身遭遇，为酒驾的后果做了一次免费代言，而在包厢抽烟的文章，除了微博上可有可无的道歉，并没有真的发生什么。

那么，在公众场所禁烟屡禁不止，到底是谁之过?是有关部门的不作为?这样说似乎有些道理，因为虽然从2006年起，《烟草控制框架公约》在我国正式生效，但目前还未出台一部禁止在室内公共场所和工作场所吸烟的全国性法规。是店家的不负责任?我们似乎也可以用这样一个理由，但是一个店家能为这么多在公众场合抽烟的人承担责任吗?是抽烟者本人的任意妄为?这么说肯定也能得到很多人的认同，毕竟他们才是二手烟的源头，然而又是谁放纵了他们?

放纵他们的，正是我们这些“受害者”，我们认为没有必要小题大做的不言语，我们碍于亲友面子的不作声，我们没有意识到危害的无所谓，这些都是使得禁烟屡禁不止的原因。

禁烟屡禁不止，谁之过?——我之过。

夺分亮点提醒

1.逻辑严密，论据丰富。就禁烟问题层层抽丝剥茧，最后得出结论：“禁烟屡禁不止，谁之过?——我之过。”既在意料之外，又在情理之中。将抽烟与酒驾进行对比，将明星高晓松与文章进行对比，形象地揭示了抽烟屡禁不止的原因。

2.文章气势磅礴，就禁烟问题做多次反问，层层深入，令人反思。

导语：英语在小升初入学考试中的作用越来越大，小六的学生英语水平差距不大，如何才能在小升初英语考试中脱颖而出，小升初英语写作成为关键，下面是小编收集的如何写出高分英语作文方法，欢迎大家阅读!

书面表达是考查学生英语综合水平的一个重要途径，很多孩子英语口语好，却无法写好英语作文。而现实情况却是从初一甚至从小学开始就已经有了对书面表达的考查，所以练习英语写作也是我们学而思小升初课程的重要环节，帮孩子们打好基础。

1、语法：这是现在孩子们在英语写作中丢分最多的一项。

(1)写完作文后要记得检查：语法知识需要靠我们平时一步步积累，但是孩子们要注意在写完作文之后一定要细心检查自己的作文，一些学过的语法点不要再错了。

(2)避免使用自己拿不准的句子：很多孩子喜欢用长句、复合句等。可是又对这些句子掌握得不是很牢固，所以很容易出错。一切拿不准的词和句子，都应该使用自己会的简单句和简单词，这样才能给考官留下好印象。

2、格式：拿到作文题，一定要把握好题目的要求，看清是哪种类型的题目，确定好相应的格式。

常考的题如日记，日记的格式就是需要在第一行左方顶格写上日期和星期，右方写上天气，然后再开始写正文。需要提醒大家的是，日记基本上都是描写已经发生过的事情，所以孩子们注意一定要用一般过去时哦!

还有一类常考的作文题型就是书信，书信的格式更需要大家注意：

3rd April 2008

Dear Mr. I

How are you these days? I will go to shanghai for my holiday.

Yours truly，

Nancy

3、词汇：如果在文章中能够正确使用一些高级词汇和词组，而不再是简单词汇，这会让老

师耳目一新。例如：如果要孩子们来写holiday。很多孩子们一开始就会写I went to …… last year. 用went就很大众化了，但是如果用take a trip这个词组就会显得你的英语水平跟其他人不一样了!对于词汇这个点，我向孩子们提两点建议：

(1)词汇需要平时积累，但是大家积累的时候一定要注意灵活使用学过的词。大家已经学过很多词组和单词了，可是大家都不会拿出来用，原因就是在于大家学的时候只记得了它的意思，没有认识该怎么使用，该在什么情况下使用。所以大家以后学习词汇的时候一定要翻翻词典学习例句，自己也拿来造个句子，要知道自己以后该怎么用。

(2)学习语言并不是纸上谈兵，练习写作也应该要多加练习。熟能生巧，练得多了，自然也就会知道什么时候用什么词，该怎么写作文了。

4、书写：这一点看似不重要，却最影响老师对你作文的整体评价。我们不要求要做到美观，但那是一定要整洁、认真。这样老师也能很快读懂你的文章，更能对你作文产生好的印象。

导语：高考英语作文结尾总结句式有着一定的规律，可以灵活地套用一些模板。下面是yjbys作文网小编为您收集整理的资料，希望对您有所帮助。

1. 至于我，在某种程度上我同意后面的观点，我认为……

As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that ____。

2. 总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注……这个问题。只有这样，我们才能在将来……。

In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______.Only in this way can ______in the future。

3. 但是，……和……都有它们各自的优势(好处)。例如，……，而……。然而，把这两者相比较，我更倾向于(喜欢)……

But ______and ______have their own advantages. For example, _____, while_____. Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to______。

4. 就我个人而言，我相信……，因此，我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为……

Personally, I believe that_____. Consequently, Im confident that a bright future is awaiting us because______。

5. 随着社会的发展，……。因此，迫切需要……。如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自已的一份力量，这个社会将要变得越来越好。

With the development of society, ______.So it"s urgent and necessary to ____.If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better。

6. 至于我(对我来说，就我而言)，我认为……更合理。只有这样，我们才能……

For my part, I think it reasonable to_____. Only in this way can you _____。

7. 对我来说，我认为有必要……。原因如下：第一，……; 第二，……;最后……但同样重要的是……

In my opinion, I think it necessary to____. The reasons are as follows. First _____.Second ______. Last but not least,______。

8. 在总体上很难说……是好还是坏，因为它在很大程度上取决于……的形势。然而，就我个人而言，我发现……。

It is difficult to say whether _____is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of______. However, from a personal point of view find______。

9. 综上所述，我们可以清楚地得出结论……

From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that____。

10. 如果我们不采取有效的方法，就可能控制不了这种趋势，就会出现一些意想不到的不良后果，所以，我们应该做的是……

If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is_____。

附注：

结尾万能句

Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that…

把所有这些因素加以考虑，我们自然会得出结论……

Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that …

考虑所有这些因素，我们可能会得出合理的结论……

Hence/Therefore, we’d better come to the conclusion that … 因此，我们最好得出这样的结论……

There is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its drawbacks as well as merits. 毫无疑问，跳槽有优点也有缺点。

All in all, we cannot live without … But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.

总之，我们没有…是无法生活的。但同时，我们必须寻求新的解决办法来对付可能出现的新问题。

提出建议万能句

It is high time that we put an end to the (trend).该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了。

It is time to take the advice of … and to put special emphasis on the improvement of …

该是采纳……的建议，并对……的进展给予特殊重视的时候了。

There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of … 毫无疑问，对……问题应予以足够的重视。

Obviously, … If we want to do something … , it is essential that … 显然，如果我们想做某事，很重要的是…

Only in this way can we … 只有这样，我们才能……

It must be realized that …我们必须意识到……

预示后果万能句

Obviously, if we don’t control the problem, the chances are that … will lead us in danger.

很明显，如果我们不能控制这一问题,很有可能我们会陷入危险。

No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that … 毫无疑问，除非我们采取有效措施，很可能会……

It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation. 很紧迫的是，应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展。

论证万能句

From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second. 在我看来，支持第一种观点比支持第二种观点更有道理。

I cannot entirely agree with the idea that …我无法完全同意这一观点……

Personally, I am standing on the side of …就个人而言，我站在……的一边。

I sincerely believe that …我真诚地相信……

In my opinion, it is more advisable to do … than to do …. 在我个人看来，做……比做……更明智。

Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why …

给出原因万能句

This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons. First, … Second, … Third, …

这一现象的存在是有许多原因的。首先，……;第二，……;第三，……

Why did …? For one thing …，for another …. Perhaps the primary reason is…

为什么会……?一个原因是……，令一个原因是……;或许其主要原因是……

I quite agree with the statement that … The reasons are chiefly as follows. 我十分赞同这一论述,即……，其主要原因如下：

解决办法万能句

Here are some suggestions for handling … 这是如何处理某事的一些建议。

The best way to solve the troubles is … 解决这些麻烦的最好办法是……

People have figured out many ways to solve this problem. 人们已找出许多办法来解决这个问题。

批判错误观点

As far as something is concerned, … 就某事而言，……

It was obvious that …很显然,….

It may be true that …, but it doesn’t mean that … 可能……是对的,但这并不意味着……

It is natural to believe that …, but we shouldn’t ignore that … 认为……是很自然的，但我们不应忽视……

There is no evidence to suggest that … 没有证据表明……

如何连接

强调 still, indeed, apparently, oddly enough, of course, after all, significantly, interestingly, also, above all, surely, certainly, undoubtedly, in any case, anyway, above all, in fact, especially, obviously, clearly.

比较 like, similarly, likewise, in the same way, in the same manner, equally.

对比 by contrast, on the contrary, while, whereas, on the other hand, unlike, instead, but, conversely, different from, however, nevertheless, otherwise, whereas, unlike, yet, in contrast.

列举 for example, for instance, such as, take …for example, except (for), to illustrate.

时间 later, next, then, finally, at last, eventually, meanwhile, from now on, at the same time, for the time being, in the end, immediately, in the meantime, in the meanwhile, recently, soon, now and then, during, nowadays, since, lately, as soon as, afterwards, temporarily, earlier, now, after a while.

顺序 first, second, third, then, finally, to begin with, first of all, in the first place, last, next, above all, last but not the least, first and most important.

可能 presumably, probably, perhaps.

解释 in other words, in fact, as a matter of fact, that is, namely, in simpler terms.

递进 What is more, in addition, and, besides, also, furthermore, too, moreover, furthermore, as well as, additionally, again.

让步 although, after all, in spite of…, despite, even if, even though, though, admittedly, whatever may happen.

转折 however, rather than, instead of, but, yet, on the other hand, unfortunately, whereas

原因 for this reason, due to, thanks to, because, because of, as, since, owing to.

结果 as a result, thus, hence, so, therefore, accordingly, consequently, as a consequence

总结 on the whole, in conclusion, in a word, to sum up, in brief, in summary, to conclude, to summarize, in short.

其他 mostly, occasionally, currently, naturally, mainly, exactly, evidently, frankly, commonly, for this purpose, to a large extent, for most of us, in many cases, in this case

When I watch the TV series, there always present the rich familys life,

but I dont feel envious about the rich life. It is obvious that though these

people live the better life, the cost is that their parents spend less time to

play with them. The time to stay with our parents is really important, while the

rich parents have much work to do, so they dont have much private hours. I was

born in an ordinary family. My parents will never miss the moment when I need

them. I am so thankful to life, because I have my parents love. Whats more, I

have made many good friends. We share our interest and have a lot in common.