高考英语写作高频词汇推荐20篇

书面表达是英语写作的重要组成部分，有不少学生觉得用英语写作很难，不知从何练起。笔者教学实践发现，首先要具备扎实的基础知识，抓住课本教学来培养学生的写作能力，立足教材，由易到难，由浅入深，采取多种形式来加强书面表达训练，这样英语写作水平才能得到提高。

一是通过词汇教学训练写作能力。要写好文章不是一朝一夕就能达到的，必须从最基础的词汇入手。教学中，教师要注意加强词汇方面的训练，力求给学生交代清楚每一个词语的具体用法。对一些重点的、核心的词汇讲清，讲透每个词语的单独用法和搭配用法。为了更有效地与课本结合起来，每学完一个单元，根据本单元的单词、短语造句，举一反三，帮助学生扩大词汇量，使学生词不离句，强化写作训练。

二是通过一句多译练习训练写作能力。就七年级学生而言，他们虽然接触英语学习时间不长，但教师还是要注重引导学生多做一些一句多译练习，这样有助于启发学生的写作思路。考试时选择自己有把握的句子灵活地表达同一内容，减少失误，提高得分率。通过做汉译英练习，暴露出学生受母语影响的问题，对这些问题我及时进行讲评和纠正。这样，有利于培养和规范学生的英语表达能力。

三是结合课文进行各种体裁的写作训练。目前，信息来源的渠道多种多样，学生课文中有记叙、日记、通知、便条、书信、广告和说明等多种体裁，文中还有大量的插图，教师可利用图片让学生进行看图写作。要学好英语写作就必须从课文练起，从一些常见的文体练起，由短到长，由浅入深，循序渐进地进行。

四是通过背诵训练写作。培养学生的英语写作能力，以课文为中心训练写作能力非常重要，因为课文中的句子就是规范的英语范文。因此，每学完一篇课文或对话，教师就要要求学生背诵，然后默写。这样使学生把词语放在句型、段落、篇章中去理解、记忆和体味，以至于能够仿写、改写。

五是通过仿写和改写训练写作能力。仿写也是提高英语写作能力行之有效的方法，模仿写作中，格式、构思、表达方式等方面都可模仿。但要提醒学生注意灵活变通，语句要通顺，符合英语表达习惯。仿写前要从时态，句型，内容选材等方面对学生加以辅导，指导学生怎样模仿，特别提醒学生注意时态。

另外，改写也是一种很好的方法，改写就是对文章材料的文体、式样、句式等进行改编的一种训练方式。无论是改人称、改时态，还是改对话材料为叙述文字，这都有助于学生复习巩固所学知识，又能培养学生所学知识的迁移运用能力，还能起到提高学生的写作能力。

总之，要提高学生的英语写作能力，就要培养学生养成良好的学习习惯。即：重视词、短语、造句，优秀的对话和课文要背诵，多做翻译练习，练习改写和仿写，结合课文进行各种体裁的写作训练。只有坚持不懈，持之以恒，才能写出准确、地道、规范的英语文章。

在平时的作文练习中，很多同学就对材料作文的审题立意感到十分苦恼，因为一不小心就容易走偏。下面是小编整理的高考作文写作立意的方法，欢迎阅读。

一、主旨领悟法

这是材料作文最为常用且最为稳妥的审题立意方法。如果能准确地领悟材料的中心，并以之为文章的主旨，那么，所写文章定能既切题又有深度。

示例

《华尔街日报》报道：海湾战争前夕，该报记者到驻沙特的美国陆战队采访时，惊奇地发现，在沙漠的帐篷里，待命的军舰上，美国的官兵正在争相研读中国的《孙子兵法》。陆战队司令格雷将军指令：《孙子兵法》为陆战队官兵必读书。

综观材料，我们不难发现，美国官兵之所以学习中国的《孙子兵法》，是用以指导他们的战术，材料的主旨十分清晰，据此，可提炼“他山之石可以攻玉”之类的观点。当然，这是显性的;从隐性看，外国人尚且如此重视对我国文化遗产的学习，那么作为中国人的我们，则更应“重视祖国文化遗产的传承”，而这在某种意义上更具深意。

二、关键把握法

关键词句往往是“文眼”，蕴含着材料的主旨。因此，可将其作把握材料、选择立意角度的突破口。在材料作文的材料中，关键词句常常是命题者或材料中的人物的评议性语句。

示例

巴西足球名将贝利在足坛上初露锋芒时，一个记者问他：“你哪一个球踢得最好?”他回答说：“下一个!”而当他在足坛崭露头角，已成为世界著名球王，并踢进一千多个球后，记者又问道：“你哪一个球踢得最好?”他仍然回答：“下一个! ”

这“下一个”三个字，既体现出永不满足的进取精神，又蕴含着艺无止境、不断创新的哲理，闪耀着人格、智慧、精神的光芒。抓住了这个关键词，便抓住了材料的灵魂实质。

三、由果溯因法

事物都是互相联系的。比如，有很多事物就是以因果关系的联系形式存在的。写材料作文，审题时如果能由材料中列举的现象或结果推究出造成所列现象或结果的本质原因，往往能找到最佳的立意。

示例

某胶粘剂公司研制成强力万能胶水，在推向市场之前，别出心裁地将一枚价值可观的大金币，用该胶水粘在该公司的大理石柱上，并称谁能将其取下而不损坏门柱，金币归谁。一时间，门前人头攒动，不少人纷纷一试身手，结果力气耗尽，金币却岿然不动。人群中爆发出热烈掌声，各色人等称赞有加，消息不胫而走。新产品一上市，厂家即获得巨大效益。

材料中新产品一上市，之所以“获得巨大效益”，一是因为该强力万能胶水粘后能“岿然不动”的有目共睹的过硬质量，二是由于公司采用了非同寻常的营销宣传策略，于是，我们便能顺理成章地分别得出 “事实胜于雄辩”、“酒香还需巧吆喝”的结论。相比之下，后者更富有时代气息。

四、寓意揭示法

对于一些寄寓性材料，如寓言、童话、漫画等，须透过材料的表象，进行“由物及人”、“由物及事”的联想，即由材料中的物联想到人，进而联想到与材料内容相类似的人生哲理、社会现象等，挖掘其真正的内涵，从而确立论点。

示例

驴子驮盐渡河，它滑了一下，跌进水里，盐溶化了，它站起来时轻了许多。这件事使它很高兴。又有一天，它驮了海绵走到河边，故意一滑，跌进水里，那海绵吸了水，驴子站不起来，终于淹死了。

这则寓言告诉我们，一切应从实际出发，情况变化了，我们的思想和工作方法也应随之变化，如果墨守成规，或盲目套用，必将招致失败。写作时要透过驴子驮盐和海绵的表象，把握并取其寓意作为文章的论点。

五、细节切入法

示例

郑板桥的书法，用隶书参以行楷，非隶非楷，非古非今，俗称“板桥体”。他的作品单个字体看似歪歪斜斜，但总体感觉错落有致，别有韵味，有人说“这种作品不可无一，不可有二”。

从局部细节来看，大致有以下思路：

郑板桥书法，“用隶书参以行楷，非隶非楷，非古非今”，启示人们要“善于借鉴”，学会融合;“作品单个字体看似歪歪斜斜，但总体感觉错落有致，别有韵味”，提示我们要注重个体与总体、局部与整体关系的和谐，即“和谐就是美”;而“这种作品不可无一，不可有二”，则揭示出任何事物唯有 “彰显个性”，具有鲜明的个性特色，方能体现其价值、立于不败之地的真理。

六、倾向揣摩法

面对材料作文，不少考生因未能真正吃透材料，熟练掌握审题立意、观点提炼的方法，时常造成所提炼的观点与材料若即若离，甚至南辕北辙，即使你的文章结构再严谨、论证再充分、事例再丰富、语言再优美，也只能是“瞎子点灯白费蜡”了。可见，材料作文的观点提炼，至关重要。

那么，如何才能吃透材料，紧扣材料，选好角度，确立一个具有相当新意、深意的观点呢?

七、多向发散法

有些材料作文的材料比较散。对于这样的材料，审题时可以采用多向发散的思维方法，围绕材料展开多角度立意。

示例

薛潭学讴于秦青，未尽秦青之技，自谓尽之。遂辞归。秦青弗止，饯于郊衢。抚节悲歌，声振林木，响遏行云。薛潭乃谢求反，终身不敢言归。

从薛潭角度，我们可抓住他 “学讴”、“未尽秦青之技”就“辞归”，得出“要谦虚”的启示;也可从他意识到自己远未学到老师的本事而 “谢求反”，总结出“要知错即改”的道理。从老师秦青的角度，我们可从他面对学生的自以为是，并未发怒，而是“弗止，饯于郊衢”，且“抚节悲歌，声振林木，响遏行云”的不一般的举动中，受到启发：“教育要讲究方法”。

然而薛潭 “终身不敢言归”的做法值得商榷。倘若学生真的将老师的本事全部学到家的话，那又何必 “终身不敢言归”呢?我们完全可以理直气壮地另行拜师，博采众长。当然，提炼出多个观点后，应择优而作。

八、舍次求主法

有些材料作文的材料往往会牵涉许多人和事。因此，审题时要明确哪些是材料的主要人物或事件，哪些是次要人物或事件，并舍弃次要人物或事件，从主要人物或事件的角度审题立意。

示例

公交车靠站停稳后，车站上一位妇女为抓紧时间，抱起原先站着等车的小孩上车。车上一青年乘客主动起身让座。抱小孩妇女谢过对方，放下小孩，笑笑说：“小家伙刚会走路，还是让他自己站吧。”此刻，见两人互相谦让，无人入座，一旁的时髦少妇眼明手快，一屁股坐下，并大声招呼道：“囡囡，妈妈帮侬抢到座位了。 ”

材料中共出现了三个“人物”。无论从让座青年角度提倡 “要助人为乐”，还是从抢座位的时髦少妇方面提出“要文明礼让”，似乎均无不可。然而从整个材料的重心、指向来看，应舍弃后两个次要人物，着眼点放在主角抱小孩的妇女身上，宜立意“尽早让孩子自立”。

九、求同存异法

此法对组合性材料作文尤为适宜。如果提供的组合性材料内涵是一致的，可以抽取其共同的、本质的内容，提炼出一个论点;如果提供的材料之间内涵不一致，甚至相差很远，那么应摒弃相异的面，寻找交叉、重合的点。

示例

丹麦人去钓鱼会随身带一把尺子，钓到鱼，常常用尺子量一量，将不够尺寸的小鱼放回河里。他们说：“让小鱼长大不更好吗? ”两千多年前，我国孟子曾说过：“数罟不入洿池，鱼鳖不可胜食也。 ”

一中一外、一古一今的两材料，告诉我们的是同一个道理：在急功近利、异常浮躁的当今社会，务必“要有远见卓识 ”。

十、互补完善法

示例

①佛罗伦萨诗人但丁的名言：“走自己的路，让别人去说吧! ”

②波兰谚语：“常问路的人不会迷失方向。 ”

材料①“走自己的路”强调要有坚定的信念;材料②“常问路的人不会迷失方向”是讲走路时要有虚心求教的精神，要听从他人指导。两者孰是孰非?两者具有很强的互补性，若将两者结合起来，就既全面又合理。因此，可以提炼这样的观点：只有既有“走自己的路”的坚定信念，又有“常问路”的虚心精神，才能走好自己的人生之路。

当然，材料作文审题立意的方法还有很多，而各种方法也并非孤立的，可能互有交叉。若在具体的审题立意过程中能灵活地综合运用，效果则更佳。

英语写作的开头结尾是写作的重点。下面语文迷为大家带来了经典的句型，供大家阅读参考。

一.开头句型

1.As far as ...is concerned 就……而言

2.It goes without saying that... 不言而喻，...

3.It can be said with certainty that... 可以肯定地说......

4.As the proverb says， 正如谚语所说的，

5.It has to be noticed that... 它必须注意到，...

6.Its generally recognized that... 它普遍认为...

7.Its likely that ... 这可能是因为...

8.Its hardly that... 这是很难的......

9.Its hardly too much to say that... 它几乎没有太多的说…

10.What calls for special attention is that...需要特别注意的是

11.Theres no denying the fact that...毫无疑问，无可否认

12.Nothing is more important than the fact that... 没有什么比这更重要的是…

13.whats far more important is that... 更重要的是…

二.衔接句型

1.A case in point is ... 一个典型的例子是...

2.As is often the case...由于通常情况下...

3.As stated in the previous paragraph 如前段所述

4.But the problem is not so simple. Therefore 然而问题并非如此简单，所以……

5.But its a pity that... 但遗憾的是…

6.For all that...对于这一切...... In spite of the fact that...尽管事实......

7.Further, we hold opinion that... 此外，我们坚持认为，...

8.However , the difficulty lies in...然而，困难在于…

9.Similarly, we should pay attention to... 同样，我们要注意...

10.not(that)...but(that)...不是，而是

11.In view of the present station.鉴于目前形势

12.As has been mentioned above...正如上面所提到的…

13.In this respect, we may as well (say) 从这个角度上我们可以说

14.However, we have to look at the other side of the coin, that is... 然而我们还得看到事物的另一方面，即 …

三.结尾句型

1.I will conclude by saying... 最后我要说…

2.Therefore, we have the reason to believe that...因此，我们有理由相信…

3.All things considered,总而言之 It may be safely said that...它可以有把握地说......

4.Therefore, in my opinion, its more advisable...因此，在我看来，更可取的是…

5.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that….通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论…

6.The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that….通过数据我们得到的结论是，....

7.It can be concluded from the discussion that...从中我们可以得出这样的结论

8.From my point of view, it would be better if...在我看来……也许更好

解决方法题型

要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径

1.问题现状

2.怎样解决（解决方案的优缺点）

In recent days，we have to face I problem——A，which is becoming more and more serious. First，——（说明A的现状）。Second，——（举例进一步说明现状）

Confronted with A，we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing，——（解决方法一）。 For another ——（解决方法二）。 Finally， ——（解决方法三）。

Personally， I believe that ——（我的解决方法）。 Consequently， I‘m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because ——（带来的好处）。

英语作文如何才能得高分呢?以下几种手段是增加句子复杂性的常见方法,也是得高分的“亮点”。

1. 改变句子的开头方式,不是一味地都是主语开头,接着是谓语、宾语,最后再加一个状语。可以把状语置于句首,或用分词作状语等。试比较:

(原文) My brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle the other day.

(修正) The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle.

(原文) The young man couldn’t help crying when he heard the bad news.

(修正) Hearing the bad news, the young man couldn’t help crying.

2. 在整篇文章中,避免只使用一两个句式,要灵活运用诸如强调句、主从复合句、分词短语、倒装句、省略句等。例如:

(1)强调句

(原文) The dog has saved my little sister bravely.

(修正) It is the dog that has saved my little sister bravely.

(2)主从复合句

(原文) We had to stand there to catch the offender.

(修正) What we had to do was to stand there, trying to catch the offender.

(3)分词短语、由with或without引导的短语

(原文) The driver escaped and didn’t stop, he left the old man lying on the road.

(修正) The driver escaped without stopping, leaving the old man lying on the road.

(4)倒装句

(原文) I went to bed at 11:30.

(修正) Not until 11:30 did I go to bed.

(5)省略句

(原文) While you are crossing the street, you should be careful.

(修正) While crossing the street, you should be careful.

3. 通过分句和合句,增强句子的连贯性和表现力。例如:

(原文) He stopped us an hour ago. He made us catch the next offender.

(修正) He stopped us half an hour ago and made us catch the next offender.

(原文) We had a short rest. Then we began to play happily. We sang and danced.

(修正) After a short rest, we had great fun singing and dancing.

4. 注意连接词与句子的运用。

以2001年高考作文为例,在信的开头,可加上“You want to know something about what is going on in schools in China?”这句话起承上启下的作用,使文章过渡自然;再如,用“What was worse?”引出减负前,晚上还要做作业,就寝时间11:30等要点。又如,“Now I have more free time...” 可引出减负后的情况。另外,在信的结尾,可用“How about you? I’m looking forward to hearing from you.”来自然地结束这封信。

5. 使用过渡词语。

写好了每个句子,并不一定就是一篇好文章,因为作为一篇文章,还必须行文连贯。那么,如何使文章行文连贯呢?这就要求我们在组成篇章时,要用好过渡性词语,过渡性词语就像是我们组装机械时使用的润滑剂一样,起着润滑的作用。常用的过渡词语主要有:

并列递进:and, also, as well as, besides, what’s more, furthermore, moreover, etc.

转折:but, yet, however, although, nevertheless, in spite of, after all, etc.

因果:because, as, for, since, for this reason, because of, so, therefore, thus, as a result, etc.

对比:or, otherwise, like, unlike, on the contrary, while, on the other hand, instead of, etc.

总结:in all, in brief, on the whole, in short, in general, in one word, etc.

总之,要使文章的层次高,可读性强,考生应增加些较高级的词汇与复杂的结构,并运用恰当的连接词和复合句,只有这样,才能在考试中取得理想的成绩。

一.开头句型

1.As far as ...is concerned

2.It goes without saying that...

3.It can be said with certainty that...

4.As the proverb says，

5.It has to be noticed that...

6.It`s generally recognized that...

7.It`s likely that ...

8.It`s hardly that...

9.It’s hardly too much to say that...

10.What calls for special attention is that...需要特别注意的是

11.There’s no denying the fact that...毫无疑问，无可否认

12.Nothing is more important than the fact that...

13.what’s far more important is that...

二.衔接句型

A case in point is ...

As is often the case...

As stated in the previous paragraph如前段所述

But the problem is not so simple. Therefore然而问题并非如此简单，所以……

But it’s a pity that...

For all that...In spite of the fact that...

Further, we hold opinion that...

However , the difficulty lies in...

Similarly, we should pay attention to...

not(that)...but(that)...不是，而是

In view of the present station.鉴于目前形势

As has been mentioned above...

In this respect, we may as well (say)从这个角度上我们可以说

However, we have to look at the other side of the coin, that is...然而我们还得看到事物的另一方面，即…

摘要：2011高考英语作文提高15分的8个实用句型……

三.结尾句型

I will conclude by saying...

Therefore, we have the reason to believe that...

All things considered,总而言之

It may be safely said that...

Therefore, in my opinion, it’s more advisable...

From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that….

The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that….

It can be concluded from the discussion that...从中我们可以得出这样的结论

From my point of view, it would be better if...在我看来……也许更好

四.举例句型

Let’s take...to illustrate this.试举例以兹证明

let’s take the above chart as an example to

illustrate this.

Here is one more example.

Take … for example.

The same is true of….

This offers a typical instance of….

We may quote a common example of….

Just think of….

五.常用于引言段的句型

1. Some people think that …. To be frank, I can not agree with their opinion for the reasons below.

2. For years, … has been seen as …, but things are quite different now.

3. I believe the title statement is valid because….

4. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that …. I believe….

5. My argument for this view goes as follows.

6. Along with the development of…, more and more….

7. There is a long-running debate as to whether….

8. It is commonly/generally/widely/ believed /held/accepted/recognized that….

9. As far as I am concerned, I completely agree with the former/ the latter.

10. Before giving my opinion, I think it is essential to look at the argument of both sides.

六 表示比较和对比的常用句型和表达法

1. A is completely / totally / entirely different from B.

2. A and B are different in some/every way / respect / aspect.

3. A and B differ in….

4. A differs from B in….

5. The difference between A and B is/lies in/exists in….

6. Compared with/In contrast to/Unlike A, B….

7. A…, on the other hand,/in contrast,/while/whereas B….

8. While it is generally believed that A …, I believe B….

9. Despite their similarities, A and B are also different.

10. Both A and B …. However, A…; on the other hand, B….

11. The most striking difference is that A…, while B….

七 演绎法常用的句型

1. There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones.

2. There are many factors that may account for…, but the following are the most typical ones.

3. Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.

4. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.

5. The reasons are as follows.

八 因果推理法常用句型

1. Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot.

2. If we read the book, we would learn a lot.

3. We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, we’ve learned a lot.

4. As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, we’ve learned a lot.

5. The cause of/reason for/overweight is eating too much.

6. Overweight is caused by/due to/because of eating too much.

7. The effect/consequence/result of eating too much is overweight.

8. Eating too much causes/results in/leads to overweight.

高考英语任务型写作训练练习（一）

读写任务（满分25分）

请阅读以下的短文，然后根据提供的任务说明和写作要求， 写一篇150字左右的英语短文。

（任务说明）

1.概括短文的内容要点（该部分的字数大约60-80）；

2.清楚地陈述你自己的看法；

3.提供具有一定说服力的论据或实例来支持你的观点，可以参照文中的内容，但不能抄袭文中的句子；

4.文章体裁不限，但必须结构合理，内容连贯，有条理性。

（阅读材料）

Almost everyone knows that water covers three-fourths of the earths surface. Most of it， however， is in the oceans and is too salty to drink. Also， some of it is frozen and cannot be used. In fact， less than one percent is left for the use of people， animals and plant life. All through history men have tried to build their homes near the sources of fresh water. Now fresh water is becoming scarce， but more and more is needed because of the increasing number of people in the world. Some industries also use large amounts of fresh water in the production of things such as steel， petroleum， paper and rubber and so on. Scientists estimate that the need for fresh water will have doubled by the year 2003. If they are correct， we must find new ways of saving it or producing it. Some nations have worked on the problem and are already sharing their information with others. They are trying to keep their rivers from becoming polluted. Deep wells are also being dug， and rain water is being collected in huge artificial lakes. In one way or another， they hope to provide enough water to satisfy the needs of their people.

参考范文

With the worldwide increase of population， more and more water is needed. Meanwhile，the water sources are getting polluted by human beings in one way or another. Some nations are taking measures to solve this problem. They even communicate with each other hoping to find better ways to save and produce water to meet the needs of their people.

随着世界范围内的人口增长,越来越需要更多的水。与此同时,水源被污染,人类以一种方式或另一种方式。一些国家正在采取措施来解决这个问题。他们甚至相互沟通希望能找到更好的方法来保存并生成水来满足人民的需要。

On a personal level， to solve the problem with fresh water， both the government and inpiduals should make every effort. For example， for the government， it is urgent to make detailed laws that require businesses and inpiduals to stop polluting the environment and to save water while it is not necessarily used. Besides， education should be offered to all the citizens to raise their awareness of the importance of protecting environment and saving water. As inpiduals， we need to take action to play our own part in our everyday life.

在个人层面上,用淡水来解决这个问题,政府和个人都应该尽一切努力。例如,对于政府来说,迫在眉睫的是做出详细的法律,要求企业和个人停止污染环境,节约用水,而不一定是使用它。除此之外,教育应该提供给所有的公民提高他们的意识保护环境和节约用水的重要性。作为个人,我们需要采取行动来扮演自己的角色在我们的日常生活。

导语：众人拾柴火焰高，团队的力量是强大的，下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的有关团队的英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

As teamwork is increasingly important in modern society，everyone should train his ability to cooperate with others.

Todays society is no longer a self-sufficient one，but one in which all the people depend on each other for existence.Only for existence，not to mention the pursuit and obtainment of happiness，one cant do without the ability to work harmoniously with others.In the highly developed society today，one can almost accomplish nothing without joint efforts.Every loaf of bread，every article of clothes，every house or apartment，every means of transportation is the product of cooperative efforts.We play with other children in kindergartens;we study with our classmates at schools;and we will work with our fellow workers or colleagues in factories or companies. What we have got through teamwork is not only self-improvement，personal success but also the satisfaction at both our devotion to common causes and the sense of collective honor.

To meet the needs of both personal improvement and the sophisticated society，we should learn to cooperate with each other and adjust to each other.Only in this way can we achieve successes and satisfy ourselves as well as the society.

【参考译文】

在现代社会中团队精神越来越重要，每个人都应该培养自己与他人合作的能力。

当今社会不再是自给自足的，所有的人都是互相依存。只为了生存，更不用说追求与获得幸福就这样了，人不能缺乏与他人和谐相处的能力。在今天高度发达的社会，没有共同努力一个人几乎是一事无成。每一块面包，每一件衣服，每一个房子或公寓，各种交通运输工具都是团队努力的结果。我们在幼儿园与其他小孩一起玩;我们在学校和我们的同学一起学习;我们将与我们的伙伴或在工厂或公司的同事一起工作。通过团队合作我们得到了什么，不仅是自我完善，个人成功，而且也有共同目标的的贡献和集体荣誉感的满足。

为了同时满足个人完善和复杂的社会需求，我们应该学会互相合作和互相适应。只有这样我们才能获得成功，满足自己和社会。

一、话题作文审题指要

近几年高考全国卷考查的都是话题作文。话题作文为发挥考生的写作才能而缩小了限制性，加大了自主性，相对材料作文而言，题面的要求说得比较明白，所以审题难度有所下降。但是，如果考生审题意识淡薄，既不重视把握题目内涵，也不注意审清要求，还是会造成“一着不慎，满盘皆输”的严重后果。这方面的教训并不少。比如2017年上海卷要求以“忙”为话题写一篇文章，按理说不存在什么审题障碍，但仍有考生出现偏差，例如写成“帮忙”。“忙”的内涵应该是显性的，变成复合词“帮忙”，也就改变了它的本来涵义。另外，有考生由上海方言中的“帮帮忙”、电话术语“忙音”等切入话题，也都偏离了“忙”的原意。2017年高考分省命题，共涌现出九道话题作文，考生审题不准、偏离题意的情况依然突出。像全国卷一的话题为“出人意料和情理之中”，可能是引出话题的玻尔的回答（“因为我不怕在学生面前显露我的愚蠢”）让部分考生难以理解，于是他们就反复考虑这句话，在这句话上大做文章，大谈“愚蠢”“聪明与愚蠢”“天才与愚蠢”“成功与愚蠢”，以致与话题谬以千里。有必要提请考生注意，话题作文审题时应做到三点：

首先要全面。即凡是命题者给出的材料、提示语、要求或注意事项，都要一一看明白，不能遗漏。与材料相比，命题人给出的提示语更应认真阅读。比如2017年高考试题的提示语是“也许不是人人都会碰上这种生死的抉择，但是每个人却常常遇到、见到、听到一些触动心灵需要作出选择的事情”。这就交代得很清楚，试题用登山者的故事作为材料，但并没有限定考生一定要写生死抉择或帮助别人的题材，所以也就不一定按照这个故事的帮人救人的道德观念、价值观念来立意，事实上，许多心灵的选择是不属于帮人救人的，有一大批优秀的考场作文没有写帮助他人，而是从自己的阅读和生活中寻找素材，同样产生了以理服人、以情感人的艺术效果。

其次要吃透话题的内涵。比如面对“假如记忆可以移植”，要明确以下几点：（1）“记忆”是指“保存在脑子里的过去事物的印象”，不是“思维”“性格”“精神”，当然更不是“身份”“地位”“面貌”。（2）“移植”在这里是指“将机体的一部分组织转移到另一机体上的一种医疗手术”，不是“克隆”“复制”，也不是单方面的“删除”，而是有“移”有“植”。通过这样的分析，就不会闹出移植爱因斯坦记忆后自己也长出大胡子之类的笑话，也不会写出“借尸还魂”等荒唐故事了。（3）“假如”，表明这是一个假设的判断，即已经假定这是一种“事实”，接下来只能对由此而产生的结果作出判断和评价，而不必对移植技术本身的可能性、可靠性发表什么意见，决不能死抠住材料中“当然，人的记忆移植要比动物复杂得多，也许永远不会成功”，自说自话地以“记忆是不能够移植的”为观点作文，否则得分必然少得可怜。又如写“纪念”，要弄清：不能把它等同于怀念，因为它不仅仅是内心情感的涌动，还是思想与行动的结合，即“用一定的方式对人对事表示怀念”。

近年来，关系类话题作文是高考测试热点中的热点。对于此类试题，审题时须将两者（甚至三者）之间存在的关系揭示出来，不可偏废，否则就有可能偏离题意。从何处着手呢？搞清各自所属的领域或范畴，搞清各自的本质、特点，更要搞清这两者在何时何地、何情何景下有何联系——是直接影响还是间接影响，是正面作用还是负面作用；是显性关系还是隐性关系，是偶然联系还是必然联系；是单向联系还是多向联系，或者是互动关联、互为条件、互为因果，等等。搞清关系之后，再从中挑选出自己准备准确表达的一种关系，进而形成观点或判断，并以此来构思作文。

最后一点，要围绕话题选材。根据话题范围确立主题后，还要精选材料，充分表现主题，这样才算真正符合题意。有些考生没有注意这一点，作文开头也能抓住话题，但主体部分却不能围绕中心行文，这也是不符合题意的表现。

二、命题作文审题指要

（一）咀嚼含义。即弄清题目的意思。比如2017年北京卷要求“以‘转折’为题”作文，“转折”的意思是“事物在发展过程中改变原来的方向、形式等”（《现代汉语词典》）。可见，这是一个中性的名词性概念，古今中外，称得上有“转折”的人与事都可入文，且不分是向好处转，还是向坏处转——向好处转可以提供经验，向坏处转可以提供教训。但是从审题上看，“转折”不同于“转变”“转化”“挫折”，更不同于一般的“变化”。又如以“自嘲”为题作文，须用辩证的眼光审视题目——自嘲作为一种正视尴尬、自我宽慰的人生态度是值得提倡的，但如果失去了一个度，就会转变为自卑和颓废，会沦落为阿q式的心理麻醉。

（二）明确重点。即要找出“题眼”。比如“我的财富”，重点在“财富”，而财富包括物质财富和精神财富；“近墨者未必黑”，重点在“未必”，不能把“近墨者未必黑”混同于“近墨者不黑”；“今年花胜去年红”，重点在于一个“胜”字，隐含着“今年”与“去年”的优劣比较。

（三）确定范围。即弄清题目对文体、时间、地点、数量、对象和内容等方面的要求。比如“我的财富”，内容上应扣住“我”来展开；“我们生活在同一块土地上”，“同一块土地上”应指比较广大的地域，假如写教室、宿舍、家庭等很小的范围，就不够切题。

三、材料作文审题指要

（一）努力抓住“关键词”。材料作文一般有多项“指令”，这些“指令”往往以“关键词”的面目出现，考生应当努力抓住这些“关键词”。比如2017年福建卷要求“把图给你的联想或感悟写成一篇900字左右的文章”，有三个“关键词”巧妙地“嵌”在试题中——“请你联系提示文字”的“联系”，“对它们加以比较”的“比较”，“联想或感悟要与两幅图都相关”的“都相关”。“联系提示文字”，启发考生准确而深刻地理解“规范”与“新颖”、“稳定”与“多变”、“周长短，面积大”与“周长长，面积小”等彼此间的关系；“比较”“都相关”，则要求兼顾两幅图，而不能只说一幅。那么，怎样抓“关键词”呢？南京师大何永康教授的建议是：一要一个词、一个词地在心中默读考题，强迫自己定下心来，把试题中的每一个字看清楚。二要在找出“关键词”后，先用铅笔把它们圈出来，这样可以有一个“物质依托”，防止在“心里盘算”时丢三拉四；审题结束后，再用橡皮把铅笔圈过的痕迹擦去。

（二）尽可能多地找出材料的含义，准确确定论点。材料作文的材料绝大多数是多义的，单义的材料十分少见。比如“达·芬奇画蛋”的材料，至少有三种含义：一是“天才出于勤奋”，二是“要练好基本功”，三是“名师出高徒”。找出材料的多种含义后，应注意通过比较鉴别，选出你认为最直接、最佳的一条来，作为将写的作文的主旨。试以1995年高考试题为例。这一年所给材料是寓言诗《鸟的评说》（“麻雀说燕子/是怕冷的懦夫/燕子说黄鹂/徒有一身美丽的装束/黄鹂说百灵/声音悦耳动机不纯/百灵说最无原则的/要算那鹦鹉/鹦鹉说喜鹊/生就一副奴颜媚骨/喜鹊说苍鹰好高骛远/苍鹰说麻雀寸光鼠目……”）。本则材料含义甚多，选择时千万不能抓住其中的某一个局部，由此扯开去，讲到其他问题（比如由“黄鹂”“徒有一身美丽的装束”，讲到要追求心灵美）。正确的做法是：由个别到一般，抓住材料中七种鸟共同存在的带有倾向性的问题，那就是——要全面地、辨证地、正确地对待他人和自己，不能“看别人一块疤，看自己一朵花”。这是材料最直接的含义。此外，还可以察“前因”（为什么会这样），探“后果”（这样会带来什么结果），确立“要以正常的心态待人”“要注意调查，实事求是”“要加强团结”等论点。

对于我们农村地区的学生来说，英语写作非常困难。尤其在每一次的英语考试中，英语写作题型总是必不可少的，小编收集了初中期末英语作文的写作技巧，欢迎阅读。

一、学生写作过程中出现的现状

1.词汇量太少

词汇是英语写作必不可少的基本要素，要写好一篇作文以表达自己的思想，必须以足够的词汇量为基础，但实际上大多数学生掌握的词汇量都达不到规定的要求，因而在写作时也就不能随心所欲地表达自己的思想。出现的问题往往有拼写错误，影响理解;词语误用，表达不准确;某一词语反复使用，语言表达缺乏变式，文章显得单调乏味;文章中出现大量“造词”，让人看了啼笑皆非等。

语法规则和句型句式是英语写作涉及的另一基本要素。学生英语写作中出现的“大错”又多半是由语法错误引起的，学生在写作中语法不规范、句子结构混乱、含义不清等情况屡见不鲜，Chinese English现象更是不乏其中，所以词汇量和语法问题是中学生英语写作时首先要解决的问题。

2.词汇错误较多

学生在写作的时候，中式英语Chinglish ：如There are many people would like to go on a vacation. I by bike to school every day. 2、词汇错误：错别字、近义词混淆、词性误用3、词组、句型使用不正确，缺乏重点句型的使用：如I spent one hour to read the book yesterday. 4、时态、语态、人称把握不正确(审题不正确)。思维模式总是先汉语，后转化为英语，可能他想到了句子该怎样写，句型也知道的，但却有个别单词不会。如：“对我来说学英语是困难的”这个句子可能他想到了，句子结构“it is+adj for sb to do sth”也知道，但里面的形容词difficult不会写，导致句子表达含糊，以至于整篇文章错词百出，面目全非。

3.写出的长句达不到表达效果

一般的英语应试作文，总会给出汉语提示，学生写作也是从提示上入手，有的提示意思较长，所以学生写的时候会直接翻译，但对太长的句子又没有驾驭的能力，导致整个句子错误。

4.听力较弱影响写作能力

我们所面临的是一群农村学生，他们没有特别好的条件练习听力，每次的练习时间仅仅是每节英语课上，听听力的时间是在太少。有位作家说过：“不写没有读过的语言，不读没有说

的语言，不说没有听过的语言”。很明显，通过听的渠道获得语言信息及语言感受在英语学习中基础的基础。听不来也就写不上。

5.单词书写不规范，卷面书写较乱

对于大多数学生来说，格式、大小写、标点，书写不规范：句首字母大写不注意，使用从句时不会使用标点、大小写等)。如：After he went back home. He cooked supper.，考试时把单词写整齐的很少，学生普遍认为只要把单词写正确就可以得分，虽然觉得自己写的作文还可以，但卷子发下之后却没有得到期望的分数，而有的同学写作能力较差但书写整齐，写作得分也不是很低。

二、提高写作的方法

1.词汇的积累

初中学生在阅读理方面最大的障碍就是词汇量的缺乏，而扩大词汇量绝非死记硬背就能做到。最有效的方法就是大量接触各种不同体裁的英语文章，利用“在句中记，在文中记”的方法来积累词汇。因此我们指导学生依据英语报刊的特点，按栏目、话题、题材、体裁归类收集常用词，将出现频率较高的常用词汇积累到单词本子上，查字典写例句，初步学会这些单词的运用，放在身边，利用零散时间反复记忆，加强印象。

同时拟定时以单选、完型、阅读等形式考察学生对这些单词的掌握情况，通过测试和竞赛的方式进一步激发大家学习词汇的热情。不过，由于课程的时间安排问题，测试的工作开展较少，这也是实验工作中的一个不足。

2.熟练记住单词

( 1.) 巩固单词拼写，培养组句能力。 词汇匮乏是妨碍英语写作的最大障碍之一，有话想说，无词可写是大部分学生的苦恼。因此，我要求学生坚持每天听写、默写、循环记忆单词，掌握巩固词汇。还要求学生给出与单词有关的同义、近义、反义和词形相似的词，使词汇量得到最大限度的复现。如：反义词appear/disappear, crowded/uncrowded, polite/impolite/rude. 词形相似的词except/expect, chance/change/challenge. 还以某一词为中心，写出该词的不同形式或词性，组成典型的句型，从而不断丰富词汇和句型。如拼写单词die 时，不但要写出其过去式过去分词died，而且要写出其他词性(death, dead, dying), 再分别组句，如：The old man died two years ago. He has been dead for two years. His death made his dog very sad. It is dying.又如写到易混淆的词pay, spend, cost, take 时，可以多种方式表达句意。He paid 20 yuan for the book. He spent 20 yuan on the book. He spent 20 yuan buying the book. The book cost him 20 yuan. It takes him 20 minutes to read the book every day.等等。这样,通过大量的词汇练习不仅仅能有效地积累词汇，还为组句打下了基础，同时还能训练学生的发散性思维和总结、归纳、比较的能力，为学生正确使用词句奠定了良好的基础。以上这些机械操练虽然枯燥，但很有必要，它是能力培养的基础。在词句落实的基础上，可向学生提出稍高的要求，如写出高质量的句子： What a happy family I have ! (I have a happy family.) The story is so interesting that everyone likes it.( The story is very interesting. Everyone likes it. ) He didn’t come to school, because he was ill. (He was ill. He didn’t come to school.) I am good at not only English but also math.(I am good at English and I am good at math ，too. )( 2、) 阅读背诵精彩段落，围绕单元话题设计书面表达。 阅读是写作的 熟练记住每一话题的单词。熟记单词后让他们能够熟练的运用，能够把重点单词用来造句。然后熟记词组，特别是能够熟练的运用词组，能够用词组熟练造句。用词组和单词连成简单句，只要学生将句子表达清楚，语意连贯，就是一篇好的英语文章。

3.熟练使用简单句

简单句对学生来说相对好掌握些，可以要求学生们能够熟练划分主语、谓语、宾语。 正确掌握并列连词andbutor等词。在写作中要求学生不能随意发挥，也不能逐字逐句的翻译所给的文章，要求学生能抓住题中所给的条件，只要考生能将题中所给的要点全部表达清楚，而没有遗漏，在写作中并且注意到语言的连贯，那么就是一篇很好的英语文章。

4.加强听力训练，促进写作

目前英语听力教材使用的具体做法是：事先提出每课生词，教师领读几遍。排除生词障碍后，第一遍学生主让学生在课后反复听课文内容，并逐字逐句写下。每周星期五布置，星期一用课堂时间，教师将该文念一、二遍，让学生听写，教师收上来查阅，加以评讲。通过这种训练，提高学生的听力水平和表达能力。

5.书写规范，促进写作

关于书写的卷面整洁与否，字体如何，是老生常谈话题。可是由于印象分数的一分半分之差，很可能影响一生。在此处丢分纯属不值得，这也是笔者把它放在第一位的原因。在教学过程中，应坚持要求学生书写规范，写好匀笔斜体行书，注意连写，以及文面美观。可以采用出专刊的形式，让全班同学都参加英语书法评比，从而激发学生练习英语书写的兴趣，养成良好的书写习惯。

综上所述，在英语写作中听、说、读、写应同步发展。写作是一种语言输出形式，只有语言输入大于语言输出，语言输出才有可能。英语写作训练作为英语综合能力训练之一，是与英语的听说读是不可分割的，它们是相互影响、相互作用的有机统一体，必须注重听、说、读、写能力的同步发展。

比如笔者实施多年的“五分钟课前训练”：在上正课前五分钟里，要学生用英语讲述一个故事(积累素材);或者课前朗读一篇短小精悍的文章，让大家课后模仿;或者就大家平时关心的话题写一个发言稿或演讲稿进行课前发言;或者让学生自立主题，围绕自己喜欢的主题写一段话。这种课前训练取得了很好的效果。

美国作家舒伯特指出:“Reading is writing”，即：阅读能够促进写作，因为对学生而言,他们对生活的体验、对人生的认识大多是从书本上获得，从大量的阅读中获取的，阅读不仅能帮助学生积累思想,也能帮助他们积累语言素材。“You ought to read very carefully. Not only very carefully，but also aloud，and that again and again till you know the passage by heart and write it as if it were your own.” 这就清楚地说明了熟读成诵对写作是多么重要。所以要想写出好文章,就必须大量读书，它是写作的基础。

阅读对写作固然重要，但其它形式写作训练同样不可忽视，英语写作实践是英语写作理论转化为写作能力的“中介”。英语写作要突出实践，正如学习游泳一样，写作的能力是练出来的。课外练笔是课堂写作训练最有益的补充，因为课堂时间有限，仅靠课堂写作训练培养学生的写作能力是不够的。作文不是“学”出来的，而是“写”出来的。学生必须进行大量的写作练习才能掌握并且灵活运用各种写作技能，而且写作技能只有在不断写作的过程中才能逐步得到提高和完善。

此外,学生的英语语言意识和英语思维能力的培养也需要大量的练习。可见,课外练笔非常必要，应该给予重视。课外练笔的形式多种多样，可采用让学生写英语日记、写英语周记，教师也可有意识地给学生提供一些尽量贴近生活的时尚话题，如奥运会、环境保护等，让学生在课外习作。

高考英语中常见的话题有哪些呢?下面是语文迷整理的十五大高考英语话题作文素材，希望对你有帮助。

一、面对挑战的感悟

Looking back on this, I realize that whatever challenges I am faced with, I will spare no effort and never give up. I’m sure to achieve final victory and become what I should be.

二、怎样看待司机的行为?

After reading the passage, I felt very angry with the driver. It was what he did that did shock me. I can’t believe the driver is so cruel. Generally speaking, the responsibility of a bus driver is to serve people. However, the driver is short of essential occupational morality. Having known the woman’s arm was stuck in the bus door, he continued to drive his bus. What an evil-minded driver!

三、对交友的看法

In my view, it takes time to build good relationship with others. You can’t expect to become good friends with someone soon after you meet him. You also can’t expect to become good friends with others if you do not spend time with them.

四、对心理问题的看法

As far as I’m concerned, mental problems are serious problems both in universities and middle schools. I believe physical and mental health is more important than good grades. Therefore, parents and teachers should first pay attention to students’ feelings. Only when they feel it fun to study, can they learn their lessons well.

五、对网络教育的看法

Personally, I appreciate this new form of education. It can provide different learners with more flexible ways to learn. Most of all, with online education, we can absorb the latest knowledge.

六、怎样应对同伴压力

First of all, since the whole world is full of peer pressure, we have to know that it is not easy for us to avoid it. Secondly, find out the truth about something and you’ll really feel better.

七、态度决定一切的启示

Different attitudes lead to different results. Take Xiao Hua for example, He’s my classmate. He always puts his heart into study, so he has become a top student in our class. With his diligence and concentration, he’s bound to succeed in the entrance examination. However, Xiao Li never cares about his study and turns a deaf ear to the teachers’ advice. As a result, he falls far behind others in his study.

八、对…行为的看法

As for me, Marry is really great because she’s ready to do…that seems very small. Maybe what she is doing is very common in others’ eyes but it will play an important role in our daily life.

九、目标的重要性(看法)

I was greatly inspired by such a story as it makes me realize the power of a goal in shaping one’s success and gives me strength to pursue my goal despite the hardships I’m to go through.

In my opinion, goals are important in our life. To begin with, as goals often enables us to be positive to ups and downs in our life. Moreover, bearing goals in mind, we’re less likely to be distracted from our way to success. Finally, as goals are what we’re longing for, they thus can motivate us to strive for greater achievements, making our life more fulfilling(令人满意的).

十、对考验的感受

From the story I’ve learned that the trials of life are of great importance in our growth. As the saying goes, “No cross, no crown(不经历风雨怎么见彩虹).” Only by facing and overcoming difficulties in our life can we grow up happily and healthily.

十一、对中学生活的感受

As for me, a student from the country, what I do every day is to devote myself to realizing my dream of attending a key university. So I seldom have time to do outdoor activities. Anyway, I’ve become more independent and as a student of boarding school, my experience has become a benefit in my future college life.

十二、有关命运转折点的启示

The passage inspired me greatly as I come to know that the happiness of life lies in our own hands. Although he was hopeless in any sport at school, He didn’t give up. Despite what others say about him, he made up his mind to improve himself push his body to the limit. With his determination and perseverance, he made a difference in his life.

十三、对街头食品的看法

As far as I’m concerned, I often purchase some street food on my way to school in the morning because it is very convenient to me. As a student, I can’t spend much time waiting or eating in a restaurant. It is well-known that street food is very popular in cities and towns because they are tasty, quick and cheap, which attract a large number of customers every day. Most of them are so busy with their study and work that they can’t spare much time to enjoy their meals.

十四、如何更好地鼓励孩子学习

To get kids motivated to learn, I think we should not treat every child in the same way. To some kids, oral praise is essential. Don’t save the praise for only the top score. If possible, involve other adults in praising them. However, this method may not work well with other kids. Maybe what is more important to them is to watch a movie or go on a trip together with their parents. It just depends.

十五、如何适应大学生活

As far as I’m concerned, college life differs from middle school life a lot. So I think the ideal university life should help me get well prepared for society, including obtaining academic knowledge.

I think I will take an active part in all kinds of activities, as well as study hard to achieve my ideal university life.

高考已经进入倒计时了，这时候多看看写作技巧准没错。下面是语文迷为大家整理的英语写作高分技巧，希望对你有帮助。

一、把握文体

话题作文往往不限文体，允许考生自由发挥。但是，不限文体并不等于不要文体。话题作文的“文体不限”其实是指不限于一种文体，让学生有选择文体的自由。当你选定了一种文体时，还得按照这种文体的特点来谋篇布局进行写作。有的同学观察能力强，生活积累丰富，不妨将生活中精彩的片断撷取出来写成一篇生动感人的记叙文;有的同学想象丰富，擅长编写故事，不妨写写童话、寓言或科幻小说;有的同学逻辑思维能力强，擅长推理，不妨写成一篇理据充分的议论文;有的同学感情细腻丰富，不妨写成一篇优美抒情的散文，肯定会非常出色。

二、缩小范围

话题作文只提供写作的话题，而没有中心、材料、结构、文体、语言等等的限制;给了考生一个比较开放的构思空间，使考生能最大限度地发挥想象力和创造力。但是，如果不注意把握话题，缩小写作的口子，就会出现“下笔千言，离题万里”的毛病。因此，不管所给的话题多么宽泛，我们都要善于缩小“包围圈”，要选择一个小小的切入口，如一件事、一个人、一样物品、一种感受、一点看法等等，集中笔力加以突破，把你所选择的话题角度写细写深写透，做到“以小见大”。

三、拟好题目

标题是文章的“眼睛”。俗话说：“题好一半文”。话题作文允许自己拟题目，因此，我们要努力提高拟题水平，力争使自己拟的题目准确、凝炼、含蓄、新奇，使阅卷老师“一见钟情”。

四、善于联想

话题作文是一种开放性的作文形式，要求考生放开手脚，尽情地驰骋在想象的空间，善于多方位地展开联想，这样，才能生发出丰富多彩的思路来。比如话题“风”，你可以联想到自然界的风：微风、大风、狂风、飓风、龙卷风等等;你还可以联想到社会风气：拍马风、送礼风等等;你可以联想到一种像风一样的流行时尚：金庸热、韩寒热等等;你甚至可以联想到假如你是风，假如你遇到风等等。

五、写出新意

话题作文既然是应试作文，总得给评卷老师一个好的感觉，得—个好的分数。因此，写出特色、写出新意是十分重要的。我们在写作时，要善于“独辟蹊径”，也就是要求我们在立意上要有特的感悟，不入云亦云;选材上要有独到的眼光，不陈题旧话;构思上要独具匠心，不四平八稳，波澜不惊语气上要有独到的魅力，不平铺直叙泛泛而谈。

实现有效的沟通，建立良好的人际关系，不仅要善于言表，更要学会倾听。请你根据下表中所提供的信息，写一篇题为 “Being a Good Listener” 的英文演讲稿。

注意：

1、 对所给要点，逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译。

2、 词数150左右。开头和结尾已经写好，不计入总词数。

3、 演讲稿中不得提及考生所在学校及本人姓名。

Good afternoon, everyone.

大家下午好。

The topic of my speech today is “Being a Good Listener”.

今天我演讲的题目是“做一个好听众”。

Good listening can always show respect, promote understanding, and improve interpersonal relationship.

善于倾听，能表现出尊重，增进理解，增进人际关系。

Many people suggest that parents should listen more to their children, so they will understand them better, and find it easy to narrow the generation gap; teachers should listen more to their students, then they can meet their needs better, and place themselves in a good relationship with their students; students should listen more to their classmates, thus they will help and learn from each other, and a friendship is likely to be formed.

许多人认为父母应该多听他们的孩子，这样他们就会更好地理解他们，并发现很容易缩小代沟；教师应该多听他们的学生，然后他们可以满足他们的需要更好，并把自己在一个良好的关系，学生，学生应该多听他们的同学，从而他们将帮助和相互学习，和友谊可能会形成。

What I want to stress is that each of us should listen to others. Show your respect and never stop others till they finish their talk; show you are interested by a supportive silence or a knowing smile; be open-minded to different opinions even though you don’t like them. In a word, good listening can really enable us to get closer to each other.

我想强调的是，我们每个人都应该听从别人的要求。表现出你的尊重，从不停止别人的谈话，表明你对一个支持性的沉默或是一个微笑的微笑很感兴趣；对不同意见的人持开放态度，即使你不喜欢他们。用一个词，好的听力可以使我们彼此接近。

Thank you for your listening!

谢谢你的聆听！

这是一篇感情真挚、热情洋溢的演讲稿，文中大量运用排比句型，不但准确流畅地表达出题目中所提供的信息，而且体现出作者熟练运用英语的能力以及不俗的文采。第三段中所使用的相同结构的复合句式，将倾听的对象及其作用阐述得淋漓尽致;而第四段中用一系列的祈使句议论应如何倾听，则更进一步地增强了这篇演说稿的说服力。

春节不同时代有不同名称。在先秦时叫“上日”、“元日”、“改岁”、“献岁”等;到了两汉时期，又被叫为“三朝”、“岁旦”、“正旦”、“正日”;魏晋南北朝时称为“元辰”、“元日”、“元首”、 “岁朝”、 “岁首”等;到了唐宋元明，则称为“元旦”、“元 ”、“岁日”、“新正”、“新元”等;而清代，一直叫“元旦”或“元日”。

春节是中国民间最隆重最富有特色的传统节日，也是最热闹的一个古老节日。一般指除夕和初一，是一年的第一天,又叫阴历年，俗称“过年”。但在民间，传统意义上的春节是指从腊月初八的腊祭或腊月二十三或二十四的祭灶，一直到正月十五，其中以除夕和正月初一为高潮。在春节期间，我国的汉族和很多少数民族都要举行各种活动以示庆祝。这些活动均以祭祀神佛、祭奠祖先、除旧布新、迎禧接福、祈求丰年为主要内容。活动丰富多彩，带有浓郁的民族特色。在天津过春节还有挂中国结的习惯，大年30之前天津人有到天津古文化街乔香阁请中国结的习俗，取乔香纳福之意。

春节是汉族最重要的节日，但是满、蒙古，瑶、壮、白、高山、赫哲、哈尼、达斡尔、侗、黎等十几个少数民族也有过春节的习俗，只是过节的形式更有自己的民族特色，更蕴味无穷。

春节不同时代有不同名称。在先秦时叫“上日”、“元日”、“改岁”、“献岁”等;到了两汉时期，又被叫为“三朝”、“岁旦”、“正旦”、“正日”;魏晋南北朝时称为“元辰”、“元日”、“元首”、 “岁朝”等;到了唐宋元明，则称为“元旦”、“元 ”、“岁日”、“新正”、“新元”等;而清代，一直叫“元旦”或“元日”。

2006年5月20日，“春节”民俗经国务院批准列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。

Dear Peter，

I’m writing to ask whether you are able to do me a favor。

I want to have a pen friend， hopefully a girl in her early twenties， and with interests similar to mine。 In my mind， she is someone who is interested in traveling， swimming， and playing table tennis。 Besides， it would be better for her to have a pet dog as I have kept one at home for some time。 With such a pen friend， I think I can share with her our traveling experiences， taking care of pets， or whatever we have in mon。 And I believe I will improve my English by doing so and learn more about her country。

I look forward to hearing from you soon。

The person I would like to interview is Yang Liwei.

I would really like to interview him because he is not only the first Chinese to go to space but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world.I have long been interested in space exploration and I believe I could learn a great deal from him about it.

If I could interview him, I would ask him what made him an astronaut and how he was trained. I would also like to know how he felt in space and whether space travel is such great fun as I have read. I would like to ask a few questions about his personal life, which must be very interesting.

把梦想放大到心里，信心满满;把才华展示在考场中，尽情发挥;把智慧放逐到笔端，挥洒精彩;把心思投入到高考中，如鱼得水。

以往我们备战高考作文，多从文体和命题形式的角度考虑。其实，从高考作文可能的命题内容这一角度来备考，也不失为一个好办法。

本次介绍的“人与自然”类作文颇具现实意义，契合当今建设环境友好型社会的主题，同学们应引起足够的重视。

“人与自然”类作文的三个话题

依据笔者的认识，“人与自然”类作文主要涉及三个话题。

1、欣赏自然，表述自然之美

《普通高中语文课程标准(实验)》指出：“自然风光、文物古迹、风俗民情，国内外和地方的重要事件，学生的家庭生活以及日常生活话题等都可以成为语文课程的资源。”由此，我们不难理解为什么各种版本的语文教材中都有大量自然风光类的文章了。我们生活在神奇而美丽的大自然中，自然界蕴含着各种美：动态美和静态美互相补充，阳刚美和阴柔美兼而有之……我们不仅要将足迹留在山水里，还要用自己的彩笔描绘大自然的如画风光。

2、体悟自然，书写自然美景引发的人生感怀

着名诗人徐志摩在名篇《翡冷翠山居闲话》中写道“只要你自己性灵上不长疮瘢，眼不盲，耳不塞”，大自然“这无形迹的最高等教育便永远是你的名分，这不取费的最珍贵的补剂便永远供你受用。只要你认识了这一部书，你在这世界上寂寞时便不寂寞，穷困时不穷困，苦恼时有安慰，挫折时有鼓励，软弱时有督责……”。

3、敬畏自然，反思生态的恶化，呼吁人类善待万物

有个叫西雅图的印第安酋长，曾有一段发人深省的话：“人类属于大地。但大地不属于人类。世界上万物都是相互关联的，就像血液把我们身体的各个部分连接在一起。生命之网并非人类所编织。人类不过是这个网络中的一根线、一个结。但人类所做的一切，最终会影响到这个网络，也影响到人类本身。”的确，我们应把自己看成大自然生态链中的一个组成部分，思考人与自然的和谐相处方式。

习作欣赏

阅读下面的文字，根据要求写一篇不少于800字的文章。

地球诞生至今，已有46亿年。46亿年的漫长岁月。才造就了今天这么一个鸟语花香的美好世界——人类赖以生存的世界。

可是，作为万物之灵的人类竟愚蠢地毁坏赖以生存的环境：乱砍滥伐原始森林，乱捕滥杀野生动物，盲目开采地下矿藏，肆意排放工业废水……于是水土流失了，绿洲消失了，土地沙化了，气候恶劣了……环境污染与生态破坏已成为举世关注的重大问题。今天，人们才发现保护环境的重要意义。

要求选择一个角度构思作文，自主确定立意，确定文体，确定标题;不要脱离材料内容及含意的范围作文，不要套作，不得抄袭。

人，真的很聪明吗徐宗璐

人类从亘古的荒原走来。一直走到高楼林立的都市：人类从愚昧落后的部落走来，一直走到文明和开化的现代社会。这一路高歌猛进，无不说明人类是这个世界上最聪明的生物，不愧为“宇宙之精华，万物之灵长”。近几百年来，人类的聪明才智更是发挥到了极致：蒸汽机、电、核能……这一切的一切，不断显示着人类的智慧和力量。然而。仅凭这些。就能断言人类是最聪明的吗?就能判定现在的世界优于过去，并预测未来的世界一定更美好吗?

我的回答是：不能!

仰望天空。候鸟凄厉的叫声，带来远方战火依然的消息：驰骋高原，再难见到藏羚羊奔跑的矫健身姿……这一切，又是谁造下的孽?

大量的事实告诉我们，有许多人只受到功利的影响。而没有接受智慧的启蒙。近代的战争多数已不单纯为了正义，更多的是为了物欲和私利。这充分暴露出人性中贪婪、自私和暴戾的一面。有些国家为了不可告人的目的，使用贫铀弹等杀人武器，丝毫不顾对环境的破坏，导致受难地区的无奉百姓患癌症等疾病的比例大幅度上升。这不仅仅是愚蠢，更是道德的沦丧，是彻头彻尾的

犯罪。还有，由于人类无节制地向大自然掠夺索取，致使环境日益恶化。生物种类大幅度减少。300亿年前地球上大约有25亿个物种，现在仅存1亿个左右。在已灭绝的约24亿个物种中，有60%是20世纪灭绝的。从17世纪起，动物的灭绝进入了加速时期。据联合国环境规划署统计，现在仅存的约1亿个物种中，鸟类每两年灭绝1种，兽类每一年就灭绝1种。今后的趋势是：植物可能以每小时1种的速度灭绝，动物可能每天减少1种。我不禁想问，仅有的这些物种在地球上还能支撑多久?大海雀、渡渡鸟、旅鸽、卡罗莱纳鹦鹉、高加索野牛……这些早已被人类灭绝的动物，如果能够复活的话，我们从它们眼中看到的将是平和、善意，还是愤怒与敌意?事实上，现在连看一看敌意的目光也成了一种无法实现的奢望。

人类只是地球生命之网上的一段绳索，人类施之于这“网”的，也是人类施之于自己的。人类的文明已经让这张“网”变得千疮百孔。人类用科技来防止小行星将地球“咬”出一个缺口，是聪明的，但自己将这张生命之“网”撕扯得破败不堪。那就不能不说是糊涂之极了。也许有时残缺是一种美，但对整个地球生态环境来说，残缺决不是美!我们需要一个完整而美好的地球。造物主给了人类一个美丽的星球，人类应该怀着感恩的心与地球和谐相处。

21世纪的钟声早已敲响。可我们是否应该将20世纪乃至前几个世纪人类的所作所为放在一架一头是聪明另一头是愚蠢的天平上称一下，看看哪一头会更重?或许，对于未来世界而言，这样做能使我们免生许多遗憾。

下面是语文迷网小编为大家整理的中考英语作文万能句型，欢迎大家阅读参考。

一、开头句型选择

1. 关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……

There are different opinions among people as to ____ 。Some people suggest that____。

2. 俗话说(常言道)……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。

There is an old saying______。 Its the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.

3.现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……;其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。

Today， ____， which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First， ____ Second，____。 What makes things worse is that______。

4.现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外(而且)……。

Nowadays，it is common to ______。 Many people like ______because ______。 Besides，______。

5.任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。

Everything has two sides and ______is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.

6.关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为(说)……，在他们看来，……

People’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person.Some people say that ______。To them，_____。

7.人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。

Man is now facing a big problem ______which is becoming more and more serious.

8.……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。

______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.

9.……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。

______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.

10.根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……，但是为什么呢?

According to thefigure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that______while. Obviously，______，but why?

11、Recently， the problem of … has aroused people’s concern.

最近，…问题已引起人们的关注。

12、Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.

互联网已在我们的生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。它给我们带来了许多好处，但也产生了一些严重的问题。

13、Nowadays，(overpopulation) has become a problem we have to face.

如今，(人口过剩)已成为我们不得不面对的问题了。

14、With the development of science and technology， more and more people believe that…

随着科技的发展，越来越多的人认为…

二、结尾句型

1、Taking all these factors into consideration， we naturally come to the conclusion that…

把所有这些因素加以考虑，我们自然会得出结论…

2、Taking into account all these factors， we may reasonably come to the conclusion that…

考虑所有这些因素，我们可能会得出合理的结论…

3、Hence/Therefore， we’d better come to the conclusion that…

因此，我们最好得出这样的结论…

4、There is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its drawbacks as well as merits.

毫无疑问，跳槽有优点也有缺点。

5、All in all， we cannot live without… But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.

总之，我们没有…是无法生活的。但同时，我们必须寻求新的解决办法来对付可能出现的新问题。

6、It is high time that we put an end to the (trend)。

该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了。

7、It is time to take the advice of … and to put special emphasis on the improvement of …

该是采纳…的建议，并对…的进展给予特殊重视的时候了。

8、不用说…… It goes without saying that = It is obvious that …

例：不用说早睡早起是值得的。It goes without saying that it pays to keep early hours.

9、……是必要的 It is necessary (for sb.) to do / that … ……

是重要的 It is important(for sb.) to do / that … ……

是适当的 It is proper (for sb.) to do / that … ……

是紧急的 It is urgent (for sb.) to do / that …

例：It is proper for us to keep the public places clean.

It is proper that we (should)keep the public places clean. 我们应当保持公共场所清洁。

碎片阅读是一种读者通过手机、电子书、网络等进行的不完整的、断断续续的阅读模式。下面语文迷小编为大家提供了碎片阅读的好处英语作文，希望对你有帮助。

Many people read on digital devices like cell phones and e-books. The fast pace of life leaves many people no time to sit and read a whole book, so making use of fragmented time to read is sure to be a trend. Fragmented reading has its advantages. People can get hold of large amounts of information, knowledge, and entertainment in a short time. Digital reading is faster and more interactive than traditional deep reading.

Fragmented reading makes it harder for people to reflect on what they read. People may not bother to remember facts because they know they can always just search for answers online. It is important to read quality books in a deeper way, even if that means forcing yourself to do so. We read not only for knowledge and for practical use, but also for spiritual satisfaction.

自信上考场

自信是写好作文的先决条件，相信自己就不会怯场，不怯场才能使自己的思维处于最佳状态，潜在的能力得以充分地调动。

按时写作文

150分钟的语文测试时间，应该留出60-70分钟的时间作文。时间充足，心中不慌，文思才会泉涌;否则仓促成文，难免丢三落四。

细心审题目

命题作文，审题时一定要抓住题目中的关键词语，并进一步展开合理的联想，才能真正把握题目的实质。材料和话题作文，要弄清楚在材料作文与话题作文中，命题者所提供材料的不同作用。在材料作文中，所提供的材料既是考生作文立意的出发点，又是归宿点。考生一定要读懂题干，做点分析，明确主旨，再去下笔，确保万无一失。

精心选文体

高考作文一般不限文体，这给了考生很大的选择文体的自由，考生应该掌握文体选择的基本原则：一是采用该话题更适宜的文体写作;二是采用考生本人更擅长的文体作文。自己擅长，行文才会得心应手、游刃有余。

心中有模式

考生心中要有文章的基本结构式：议论文，破题开篇+分析论证+结题收篇;供料议论文的基本结构式：引材开篇+析材明理+联材写事+点材收篇;写事记叙文的基本结构式：事件发生(清楚明白)+事件发展(生动曲折)+事件结局(含蓄启迪);写人记叙文的基本结构式：契入(用外貌、语言、环境、细节入题)+铺垫(简述几个事件)+高潮(详叙典型事件)+点化(用点睛的议论或抒情句收束)等等，上述结构式不是一成不变的，可以演绎出许多的变式来。

巧思出新意

为体现可写性的命题原则，高考的作文不管是命题作文，还是话题作文大多都是宽泛的。例如《责任》这样的题目，范围太宽，无从下笔，这样的题目就要去窄作。所谓窄作，就是对题目所涉及的内容进行修饰、限制，然后再针对被限制后的某个侧面扩大其内涵。若从“我们当代青年的责任”这个角度去写，可能就容易多了。

素材书中找

要写好一篇考场作文，除了掌握写作模式，还要有写作素材。当你在考场上因缺少素材而抱笔时，可别忘了你学过的语文课本!那里有你取之不尽，用之不竭的素材。

主旨要明确

高考作文主旨不要过于含蓄。由于时间的限制，阅卷老师不会慢慢地斟字酌句，所以如果写记叙文，不管叙事多么生动，也要在行文中适当地用一两句抒情或议论语句点明文章主旨，让阅卷老师一目了然;议论文力求事例简洁新鲜，说理充分，紧扣主旨。文章要实实在在，不要过于另类，在明示主旨的基础上，张扬个性。

首尾亮起来

开篇立论的好彩头，在第一时间抓住阅卷老师的眼球，是高考作文赢得高分的关键。而结尾的感染力和吸引力，同样是拿分的一大重点。

行文如流水

在语言运用上，除平时要求外，还应特别注意要善于调动各种修辞手段，如比喻形象、对偶华美、排比蓄势、对照鲜明、反复强调、设问抑扬、反语讽刺、暗示等等。此外，长句短句错综搭配，雅句俗语相得益彰，也可使文章生色。

字迹要清楚

高考语文试卷是网上阅卷，潦草的字迹、不洁的卷面有可能给阅卷人带来的不愉悦所产生的后果是可想而知的，如果字迹不清，丢失的可就不只是几分了。

开头结尾都要精彩

开头和结尾的写作大有讲究。 一般来说，文章开头力求做到一简二美三有哲理。简，就是开篇语言简洁，直奔主题，使阅卷老师一目了然;美，就是开头的语言能给人以美感，或文采斐然，或意境深远，或情趣盎然，那么，必会打动阅卷教师的心;哲理，是一种深度，一种高度，如果都做到了，那效果肯定错不了。

高考作文由于受时间和字数的限制，开头最好采用“开门见山”的写法：或“落笔入题”，说明写作缘由;或“开宗明义”，揭示全文主题;或“言归正传”，快速开讲故事;或“单刀直入”，挑明论敌谬说。也可以采用“形象化”的写法：或描写环境，以引出人物;或抒发感情，以渲染气氛;或先叙故事，以引出深刻道理;或借诗词谣谚，以为叙事的开端。好的开头，新颖生动，引人入胜。

结尾的方法也很多：总结全文，以揭示主旨;展示未来，以鼓舞斗志;抒发情怀，以增强文章感染力;造语含蓄，使读者掩卷而思仍遐想不已。

导语：冰冻三尺，非一日之寒，练习英语写作也是一样，三天打鱼两天晒网是不行的，必须得持之以恒的练习，才会有进步。下面是yuwenmi小编为还在备考的同学整理的优秀英语素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

1. According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.

依照最近的一项调查，每年有4，000，000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。

2. The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.

最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。

3. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.

没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。

4. People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.

人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。

5. An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.

越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。

6. When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.

说到教育，大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。

7. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a persons physical fitness.

许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。

8. Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful

effects of international tourism.

应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量，努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响。

9. An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution.

越来越多的专家相信移民对城市的建设起到积极作用。然而，越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法，他们抱怨民工给城市带来了许多严重的问题，像犯罪和卖淫。

10. Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus, which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers.

许多市民抱怨城市的公交车太少，以至于他们要花很长时间等一辆公交车，而车上可能已满载乘客。

11. There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.

无可否认，空气污染是一个极其严重的问题：城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。

12. An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement.

一项调查显示妇女欢迎退休。

13. A proper part-time job does not occupy students too much time. In fact, it is unhealthy for them to spend all of time on their study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

一份适当的业余工作并不会占用学生太多的时间，事实上，把全部的时间都用到学习上并不健康，正如那句老话：只工作，不玩耍，聪明的孩子会变傻。

14. Any government, which is blind to this point, may pay a heavy price.

任何政府忽视这一点都将付出巨大的代价。

15.Nowadays, many students always go into raptures at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin. Unfortunately, for most young people, it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus.

当前，一提到即将开始的学校生活，许多学生都会兴高采烈。然而，对多数年轻人来说，校园刚开始的日子并不是什么愉快的经历。

16. In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get worse.

考虑到问题的严重性，在事态进一步恶化之前，必须采取有效的措施。

17. The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.

大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力，而这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的。

18. It is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to face the dangers of starvation and exposure.

无可争辩，现在有成千上万的人仍过着挨饿受冻的痛苦生活。

19. Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.

尽管这一观点被广泛接受，很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点、任何年龄进行。

20. No one can deny the fact that a persons education is the most important aspect of his life.

没有人能否认：教育是人生最重要的一方面。

21. People equate success in life with the ability of operating computer.

人们把会使用计算机与人生成功相提并论。

22. In the last decades, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.

在过去的几十年，先进的医疗技术已经使得人们比过去活的时间更长成为可能。

23. In fact, we have to admit the fact that the quality of life is as important as life itself.

事实上，我们必须承认生命的质量和生命本身一样重要。

24. We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.

我们应该不遗余力地美化我们的环境。

25. People believe that computer skills will enhance their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.

人们相信拥有计算机技术可以获得更多工作或提升的机会。

26. The information Ive collected over last few years leads me to believe that this knowledge may be less useful than most people think.

从这几年我搜集的信息来看，这些知识并没有人们想象的那么有用。

27. Now, it is generally accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduation.

现在，人们普遍认为没有一所大学能够在毕业时候教给学生所有的知识。

28. This is a matter of life and death--a matter no country can afford to ignore.

这是一个关系到生死的问题，任何国家都不能忽视。

29. For my part, I agree with the latter opinion for the following reasons:

我同意后者，有如下理由：

30. Before giving my opinion, I think it is important to look at the arguments on both sides.

在给出我的观点之前，我想看看双方的观点是重要的。

31. This view is now being questioned by more and more people.

这一观点正受到越来越多人的质疑。

32. Although many people claim that, along with the rapidly economic development, the number of people who use bicycle are decreasing and bicycle is bound to die out. The information Ive collected over the recent years leads me to believe that bicycle will continue to play extremely important roles in modern society.

尽管许多人认为随着经济的高速发展，用自行车的人数会减少，自行车可能会消亡， 然而，这几年我收集的一些信息让我相信自行车仍然会继续在现代社会发挥极其重要的作用。

33. Environmental experts point out that increasing pollution not only causes serious problems such as global warming but also could threaten to end human life on our planet.

环境学家指出：持续增加的污染不仅会导致像全球变暖这样严重的问题，而且还将威胁到人类在这个星球的生存。

34. In view of such serious situation, environmental tools of transportation like bicycle are more important than any time before.

考虑到这些严重的状况，我们比以往任何时候更需要像自行车这样的环保型交通工具。

35. Using bicycle contributes greatly to peoples physical fitness as well as easing traffic jams.

使用自行车有助于人们的身体健康，并极大地缓解了交通阻塞。

36. Despite many obvious advantages of bicycle, it is not without its problem.

尽管自行车有许多明显的优点，但是它也存在它的问题。

37. Bicycle cant be compared with other means of transportation like car and train for speed and comfort.

在速度和舒适度方面，自行车是无法和汽车、火车这样的交通工具相比的。

38. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that advantages of bicycle far outweigh its disadvantages and it will still play essential roles in modern society.

通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论：自行车的优点远大于缺点，并且在现代社会它仍将发挥重要作用。

39. There is a general discussion these days over education in many colleges and institutes. One of the questions under debate is whether education is a lifetime study.

当前在高校和研究机构对教育存在着大量争论，其中一个问题就是教育是否是个终身学习的过程。

40. This issue has caused wide public concern.

这个问题已经引起了广泛关注。

41. It must be noted that learning must be done by a person himself.

必须指出学习只能靠自己。

42. A large number of people tend to live under the illusion that they had completed their education when they finished their schooling. Obviously, they seem to fail to take into account the basic fact that a persons education is a most important aspect of his life.

许多人存在这样的误解，认为离开学校就意味着结束了他们的教育。显然，他们忽视了教育是人生重要部分这一基本事实。

43. As for me, Im in favor of the opinion that education is not complete with graduation, for the following reasons:

就我而言，我同意教育不应该随着毕业而结束的观点，有以下原因：

44. It is commonly accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduate.

人们普遍认为高校是不可能在毕业的时候教会他们的学生所有知识的。

45. Even the best possible graduate needs to continue learning before she or he becomes an educated person.

即使最优秀的毕业生，要想成为一个博学的人也要不断地学习。

46. It is commonly thought that our society had dramatically changed by modern science and technology, and human had made extraordinary progress in knowledge and technology over the recent decades.

人们普遍认为我们的现代科技使我们的社会发生了巨大的变化，近几十年人类在科技方面取得了惊人的进步。

47. Now people in growing numbers are beginning to believe that learning new skills and knowledge contributes directly to enhancing their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.

现在越来越多的人开始相信学习新的技术和知识能直接帮助他们获得工作就会或提升的机会。

48. An investigation shows that many older people express a strong desire to continue studying in university or college.

一项调查显示许多老人都有到大学继续学习的愿望。

49. For the majority of people, reading or learning a new skill has become the focus of their lives and the source of their happiness and contentment after their retirement.

对大多数人来讲，退休以后，阅读或学习一项新技术已成为他们生活的中心和快乐的来源。

50. For people who want to adopt a healthy and meaningful life style, it is important to find time to learn certain new knowledge. Just as an old saying goes: it is never too late to learn.

对于那些想过上健康而有意义的生活的人们来说，找时间学习一些新知识是很重要的，正如那句老话：活到老，学到老。

51. There is a general debate on the campus today over the phenomenon of college or high school students doing a part-time job.

对于大学或高中生打工这一现象，校园里进行着广泛的争论。

52. By taking a major-related part-job, students can not only improve their academic studies, but gain much experience, experience they will never be able to get from the textbooks.

通过做一份和专业相关的工作，学生不仅能够提高他们的专业能力，而且能获得从课本上得不到的经验。

53. Although peoples lives have been dramatically changed over the last decades, it must be admitted that, shortage of funds is still the one of the biggest questions that students nowadays have to face because that tuition fees and prices of books are soaring by the day

近几十年，尽管人们的生活有了惊人的改变，但必须承认，由于学费和书费日益飞涨，资金短缺仍然是学生们面临的最大问题之一。

54. Consequently, the extra money obtained from part-time job will strongly support students to continue to their study life.

因此，业余工作挣来的钱将强有力地支持学生们继续他们的求学生活。

55. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that part-time job can produce a far-reaching impact on students and they should be encouraged to take part-time job, which will benefit students and their family, even the society as a whole.

通过上面的讨论，我们不难得出结论：业余工作对学生们会产生深远的影响，我们应鼓励学生从事业余工作，这将有利于学生和他们的家庭，甚至整个社会。

56. These days, people in growing numbers are beginning to complain that work is more stressful and less leisurely than in past. Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it.

现在，越来越多的人们开始抱怨工作比以前更有压力。许多专家指出这是现代社会发展必然的结果，无法避免。

57. It is widely acknowledged that computer and other machines have become an indispensable part of our society, which make our life and work more comfortable and less

laborious.

人们普遍认为计算机和其他机器已经成为我们社会必不可少的一部分。 它们使我们的生活更舒适，减少了大量劳动。

58. At the same time, along with the benefits of such machines, employees must study knowledge involved in such machines so that they are able to control them.

同时，随着这些机器带给我们的好处，员工们也必须要学习与之相关的知识以便使用它们。

59. No one can deny the basic fact that it is impossible for average workers to master those high-technology skills easily.

没有人能否认这一基本事实：对于一般工人来讲，轻松掌握这些技术是不可能的。

60. In the second place, there seem to be too many people without job and not enough job position.

第二方面，失业的人似乎太多而又没有足够的工作岗位。

61. Millions of people have to spend more time and energy on studying new skills and technology so that they can keep a favorable position in job market.

成千上万的人们不得不花费更多的精力和时间学习新的技术和知识，使得他们在就业市场能保持优势。

62. According to a recent survey, a growing number of people express a strong desire to take another job or spend more time on their job in order to get more money to support their family.

根据最近的一项调查，越来越多的人表达了想从事另外的工作或加班以赚取更多的钱来补贴家用的强烈愿望。

63. From what has been discussed above, I am fully convinced that the leisure life-style is undergoing a decline with the progress of modern society, it is not necessary a bad thing.

通过以上讨论，我完全相信，随着现代社会的进步，幽闲的生活方式正在消失并不是件坏事。

64. The problem of international tourism has caused wide public concern over the recent years.

近些年，国际旅游的问题引起了广泛关注。

65. Many people believe that international tourism produce positive effects on economic growth and local government should be encouraged to promote international tourism.

许多人认为国际旅游对经济发展有积极作用，应鼓励地方政府发展国际旅游。

66. But what these people fail to see is that international tourism may bring about a disastrous impact on our environment and local history.

但是这些人忽视了国际旅游可能会给当地环境和历史造成的灾难性的影响。

67. As for me, Im firmly convinced that the number of foreign tourists should be limited, for the following reasons:

就我而言，我坚定地认为国外旅游者的数量应得到限制，理由如下：

68. In addition, in order to attract tourists, a lot of artificial facilities have been built, which have certain unfavorable effects on the environment.

另外，为了吸引旅游者，大量人工设施被修建，这对环境是不利的。

69. For lack of distinct culture, some places will not attract tourists any more. Consequently, the fast rise in number of foreign tourists may eventually lead to the decline of local tourism.

由于缺乏独特的文化，一些地方不再吸引旅游者。因此，国外旅游者数量的快速增加可能最终会导致当地旅游业的衰败。

70. There is a growing tendency for parents to ask their children to accept extra educational programs over the recent years.

近些年，父母要求他们的孩子接受额外的教育呈增长的势头。

71. This phenomenon has caused wide public concern in many places of world.

这一现象在全世界许多地方已引起了广泛关注。

72. Many parents believe that additional educational activities enjoy obvious advantage. By extra studies, they maintain, their children are able to obtain many kinds of practical skills and useful knowledge, which will put them in a beneficial position in the future job markets when they grow up.

许多家长相信额外的教育活动有许多优点，通过学习，他们的孩子可以获得很多实践技能和有用的知识，当他们长大后，这些对他们就业是大有好处的。

73. In the first place, extra studies bring about unhealthy impacts on physical growth of children. Educational experts point out that, it is equally important to take some sport activities instead of extra studies when children have spent the whole day in a boring classroom.

首先，额外的学习对孩子们的身体发育是不利的。教育专家指出，孩子们在枯燥的教室里呆了一整天后，从事一些体育活动，而不是额外的学习，是非常重要的。

74. Children are undergoing fast physical development; lack of physical exercise may produce disastrous influence on their later life.

孩子们正处于身体快速发育时期，缺乏体育锻炼可能会对他们未来的生活造成严重的影响。

75. In the second place, from psychological aspect, the majority of children seem to tend to have an unfavorable attitude toward additional educational activities.

第二，从心理上讲，大部分孩子似乎对额外的学习没有什么好感。

76. It is hard to imagine a student focusing their energy on textbook while other children are playing.

当别的孩子在玩耍的时候，很难想象一个学生能集中精力在课本上。

77. Moreover, children will have less time to play and communicate with their peers due to extra studies, consequently, it is difficult to develop and cultivate their character and interpersonal skills. They may become more solitary and even suffer from certain mental illness.

而且，由于要额外地学习，孩子们没有多少时间和同龄的孩子玩耍和交流，很难培养他们的个性和交际能力。他们可能变得孤僻甚至产生某些心理疾病。

78. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that, although extra studies indeed enjoy many obvious advantages, its disadvantages shouldnt be ignored and far outweigh its advantages. It is absurd to force children to take extra studies after school.

通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论：尽管额外学习的确有很多优点，但它的缺点不可忽视，且远大于它的优点。因此，放学后强迫孩子额外学习是不明智的。

79. Any parents should place considerable emphasis on their children to keep the balance between play and study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

任何家长都应非常重视保持孩子在学习与玩耍的平衡，正如那句老话：只工作，不玩耍，聪明的孩子会变傻。

80. There is a growing tendency for parent these days to stay at home to look after their children instead of returning to work earlier.

现在，父亲或母亲留在家里照顾他们的孩子而不愿过早返回工作岗位正成为增加的趋势。

81. Parents are firmly convinced that, to send their child to kindergartens or nursery schools will have an unfavorable influence on the growth of children.

父母们坚定地相信把孩子送到幼儿园对他们的成长不利。

82. However, this idea is now being questioned by more and more experts, who point out that it is unhealthy for children who always stay with their parents at home.

然而，这一想法正遭受越来越多的专家的质疑，他们指出，孩子总是呆在家里，和父母在一起，是不健康的。

83. Although parent would be able to devote much more time and energy to their children, it must be admitted that, parent has less experience and knowledge about how to educate and supervise children, when compared with professional teachers working in kindergartens or nursery schools.

尽管父母能在他们孩子身上投入更多时间和精力，但是必须承认，与工作在幼儿园的专职教师相比，他们在如何管理教育孩子方面缺乏知识和经验。

84. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that, although the parents desire to look after children by themselves is understandable, its disadvantages far outweigh the advantages.

通过以上讨论，我们可以得出如下结论：尽管家长想亲自照看孩子的愿望是可以理解的，但是这样做的缺点远大于优点。

85. Parents should be encouraged to send their children to nursery schools, which will bring about profound impacts on children and families, and even the society as a whole.

应该鼓励父母将他们的孩子送到幼儿园，这将对孩子，家庭，甚至整个社会产生深远的影响。

86. Many leaders of government always go into raptures at the mere mention of artistic and cultural projects. They are forever talking about the nice parks, the smart sculptures in central city and the art galleries with various valuable rarities. Nothing, they maintain, is more essential than such projects in the economic growth.

只要一提起艺术和文化项目，一些政府领导就会兴奋不已，他们滔滔不绝地说着美丽的公园，城市中心漂亮的雕塑，还有满是稀世珍宝的艺术展览馆。他们认为在经济发展中，没有什么比这些艺术项目更重要了。

87. But is it really the case? The information Ive collected over last few years leads me to believe that artistic and cultural projects may be less useful than many governments think. In fact, basic infrastructure projects are playing extremely important role and should be given priority.

这是真的吗?这些年我收集的信息让我相信这些文化、艺术项目并没有许多政府想象的那么重要。事实上，基础设施建设非常重要，应该放在首位。

88. Those who are in favor of artistic and cultural projects advocate that cultural environment will attract more tourists, which will bring huge profits to local residents. Some people even equate the build of such projects with the improving of economic construction.

那些赞成建设文化艺术项目的人认为文化环境会吸引更多的游客，这将给当地居民带来巨大的利益。一些人甚至把建设文化艺术项目与发展经济建设等同起来。

89. Unfortunately, there is very few evidence that big companies are willing to invest a huge sums of money in a place without sufficient basic projects, such as supplies of electricity and water.

然而，很少有证据表明大公司愿意把巨额的资金投到一个连水电这些基础设施都不完善的地方去。

90. From what has been discussed above, it would be reasonable to believe that basic projects play far more important role than artistic and cultural projects in peoples life and economic growth.

通过以上讨论，我们有理由相信在人们的生活和经济发展方面，基础建设比艺术文化项目发挥更大的作用。

91. Those urban planners who are blind to this point will pay a heavy price, which they cannot afford it.

那些城市的规划者们如果忽视这一点，将会付出他们无法承受的代价。

92. There is a growing tendency these days for many people who live in rural areas to come into and work in city. This problem has caused wide public concern in most cities all over the world.

农民进城打工正成为增长的趋势，这一问题在世界上大部分城市已引起普遍关注。

93. An investigation shows that many emigrants think that working at city provide them with not only a higher salary but also the opportunity of learning new skills.

一项调查显示许多民工认为在城市打工不仅有较高的收入，而且能学到一些新技术。

94. It must be noted that improvement in agriculture seems to not be able to catch up with the increase in population of rural areas and there are millions of peasants who still live a miserable life and have to face the dangers of exposure and starvation.

必须指出，农业的发展似乎赶不上农村人口的增加，并且仍有成千上万的农民过着缺衣挨饿的贫寒生活。

95. Although rural emigrants contribute greatly to the economic growth of the cities, they may inevitably bring about many negative impacts.

尽管民工对城市的经济发展做出了巨大贡献，然而他们也不可避免的带来了一些负面影响。

96. Many sociologists point out that rural emigrants are putting pressure on population control and social order; that they are threatening to take already scarce city jobs; and that they have worsened traffic and public health problems.

许多社会学家指出民工正给人口控制和社会治安带来压力。他们正在威胁着本已萧条的工作市场，他们恶化了交通和公共卫生状况。

97. It is suggested that governments ought to make efforts to reduce the increasing gap between cities and countryside. They ought to set aside an appropriate fund for improvement of the standard of peasants lives. They ought to invite some experts in agriculture to share their experiences, information and knowledge with peasants, which will contribute directly to the economic growth of rural areas.

建议政府应该努力减少正在拉大的城乡差距。应该划拨适当的资金提高农民的生活水平;应该邀请农业专家向农民介绍他们的经验，知识和信息，这些将有助于发展农村经济。

98. In conclusion, we must take into account this problem rationally and place more emphases on peasants lives. Any government that is blind to this point will pay a heavy price.

总之，我们应理智考虑这一问题，重视农民的生活。任何政府忽视这一点都将付出巨大的代价。

99. Although many experts from universities and institutes consistently maintain that it is an inevitable part of an independent life, parents in growing numbers are starting to realize that people, including teachers and experts in education, should pay considerable attention to this problem.

尽管来自高校和研究院的许多专家坚持认为这是独立生活不可避免的一部分，然而越来越多的家长开始意识到包括教师和教育专家在内的人们应该认真对待这一问题。

100. As for me, it is essential to know, at first, what kind of problems young students possible would encounter on campus.

我认为，首先应看看学生们在校园可能遇到哪些问题。

121. on the one hand, it is indisputable that boarding schools are exerting a growing important effect, especially in last few years.

一方面，寄宿学校正在发挥越来越重要的作用，尤其是最近几年，这是无可争辩的。

122. students attend a boarding school would cultivate their independence as apart from their parents.

离开父母上寄宿学校的学生将会培养他们的独立性

123. whats more, living in school can save them a great deal of time on the way between home and school everyday, so they would be able to concentrate more time and energy on their academic work.

而且，生活在学校里能节省大量每天往返于学校和家的路上的时间，这会使他们有更多的时间和精力放在学习上。

124. on the other hand, the contribution of day schools cant be ignored.

另一方面，日制学校的贡献是不能忽视的。

125. due to high tuition fee, most of ordinary families cannot afford to send their children to boarding schools.

因为较高的学费，大部分普通家庭支付不起他们的孩子上寄宿学校的费用。

126. since it is unnecessary to consider students routinelife, day school can lay stress on teaching instead of other aspects, such as management of dormitory and cafeteria.

由于无需考虑学生的日常生活，日制学校可以将重点放在教学上而不是放在像宿舍和食堂管理这些方面。

127. furthermore, students living in their own home would have access to a comfortable life and have more opportunities to communicate with their parents, which have beneficial impact on development of their personal character.

而且，学生生活在自己家中，有舒适的生活，并有更多机会和父母交流，这对他们个性的培养是有利的。

128. from what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that both of day schools and boarding schools are important to train young students for our society.

通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论，寄宿学校和日制学校对我们社会培养年轻学生都是重要的。

129. there is much discussion over science and technology. one of the questions under debate is whether traditional technology and methods are bound to die out when a country begins to develop modern science and technology.

关于科学技术存在许多争论，其中一个问题是当国家发展现代科学技术时，传统的技术方法是否可能会消亡?

130. as for me, the declining of traditional technology and methods is not a bad thing; it is the natural result of progress of society.

我认为，传统技术方法的消亡不一定是坏事，这是社会进步的自然结果。

131. in the first place, some aspects of the traditional technology and methods are harmful and hampering the development of modern technology science.

首先，传统技术方法有些部分是有害的，并且会阻碍现代科技的发展。

132. although modern science and technology have proved that such methods are absurd, there are still millions of people use such methods in many remote places nowadays.

尽管现代科学技术已经证明了这些方法是愚昧的，然而在许多偏僻的地方，仍有成千上万的人们在使用这些方法。

133. in the second place, many values of traditional technology are out of date and should be replaced by modern science.

第二点，许多传统技术方法已经过时，应被现代科技所取代。

134. although many people tend to live under the illusion that traditional technology and methods are still playing extremely important role in peoples life, an increasingevidences show that it is less useful than many people think.

尽管许多人保持着传统观念，认为传统技术方法在人们生活中仍发挥着重要作用，但是越来越多的证据显示它并没有人们想象的有用。

135. from what has been discussed above, i firmly believe that time will prove that traditional technology and methods would die out with the development of modern science and technology. the maintenance of the traditionaltechnology and methods is futile.

通过以上讨论，我坚定地相信时间会证明传统技术方法将会随着现代技术的发展而消亡，坚持传统技术方法是徒劳的。

136. at the time when technology means ever more harmful carbon in the air we breathe, we need these forests now more than ever.

当技术的发展意味着我们会吸入更多有害气体时，我们比任何时候更需要森林。

137. nothing is more important than to receive education.

没有比接受教育更重要的事。

138. we cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.

我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。

139. there is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.

无可否认，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。

140. it is universally acknowledged that trees are

indispensable to us.

全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。

141. there is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.

毫无疑问，我们的教育制度令人不满意。

142. an advantage of using the solar energy is that it wont create any pollution.

使用太阳能的优点是它不会产生任何污染。

143. the reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.

我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。

144. so precious is time that we cant afford to waste it.

时间是如此珍贵，我们不能浪费它。

145. rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.

虽然我们的国家很富有，但是我们的生活质量却令人很不满意。

146. the harder you work, the more progress you make.

你越努力，你越进步。

147. the more books we read, the more learned we become.

我们书读得越多，我们越有学问。

148. to average people, they often tend to live under the illusion that english often means a good opportunity for ones career, is this really the case?

对于一般人来说，他们常常以为掌握英语就意味着一份好的工作，然而这是真的吗?

149. by taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.

通过体育锻炼，我们能够始终保持健康。

150. listening to music enables us to feel relaxed.

听音乐能使我们放松。

151. on no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.

我们绝对不能忽视知识的价值。

152. it is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.

该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。

153. those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.

违反交通规则的人应该受到处罚。

154. there is no one but longs to go to college.

人们都希望上大学。

155. since the examination is around the corner, i am compelled to give up doing sports.

既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃作运动。

156. it is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.

可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。

157. summer is sultry. thats the reason why i dont like it.

夏天很闷热，这就是我不喜欢它的原因。

158. the progress of the society is based on harmony.

社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。

159. we should bring home to people the value of working hard.

我们应该让人们知道努力的价值。

160. taking exercise is closely related to health.

作运动与健康息息相关。

161. we should get into the habit of keeping good hours.

我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。

162. the condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired.

我们的交通状况令人不满意。

163. smoking has a great influence on our health.

抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。

164. reading does good to our mind.

读书对心灵有益。

165. overwork does harm to health.

工作过度对健康有害。

166. pollution poses a great threat to our existence.

污染对我们的生存造成巨大威胁。

167. we should do our best to achieve our goal in life.

我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。

168. weather a large family is a good thing or not is a very popular topic, which is often talked about not only by city residents but by farmers as well.

家庭人口多好还是家庭人口少好是一个非常通俗的主题，不仅是城里人，而且农民都经常讨论这个问题。

169. as is known to all, fake and inferior commodities harm the interests of consumers.

众所周知，假冒伪劣商品损害了消费者的利益。

170. today an increasing number of people have realized that law education is of great importance. in order to keep law and order, every one of us is supposed to get a law education.

现在，愈来愈多的人认识到法制教育的重要性。为了维护社会治安 ，我们每人都应该接受法制教育。

171. from what i have mentioned above, we can see clearly that violence on tv has great influence on youngsters behavior.

从上面我所提到的，我们可以清楚地看到，电视暴力对青少年的影响是极其深远的。

172. there are two reasons for the improvement in peoples living conditions. in the first place, we have been carrying out the reform and opening-up policy. secondly, there has been a rapid expansion of our national economy. furthermore, the birth rate has been put under control.

人民生活状况的改善原因有两点。首先，我们一直在贯彻执行改革开放政策。其次，国民经济正在迅速发展，而且出生率已经得到控制。

173. my suggestions to deal with the problem are as follows. to begin with, it is urgent to create nature reserves. secondly, certain rare wild animals that are going to be extinct should be collected, fed and reproduced artificially. finally, those who hunter them must be punished severely.

我对解决这个问题的建议如下：首先，迫在眉睫的是建立自然保护区。其次，有些濒临灭绝的珍稀野生动物应该收捕、人工喂养并繁殖。最后，对于捕猎珍稀野生动物的人必须严惩。

174. people differ in their attitudes towards failure. faced with it, some of them can stand up to it, draw useful lessons from it and try hard to fulfill what they are determined to do. others, however, lose heart and give in.

人们对失败持有不同的态度。面对失败，有人能够经得起考验，从失败中汲取教训，并努力去完成他们下定决心要做的事情。然而，另一些人却丧失信心并退却了。

175. it is desirable to build more hospitals, shopping centers, recreation centers, cinemas and other public facilities to meet the growing needs of people.

人们希望建立更多的医院、购物中心、娱乐中心、电影院和其他公用设施来满足人们日益增长的需求。

176. as a popular saying goes, "everything has two sides." now the public are benefiting more and more from scientific and technological inventions. on the other hand, the progress of science and technology is bringing us a lot of trouble. people in many countries are suffering from public hazards.

常言道：事情总是一分为二的。如今人们从科技发明中得到越来越多的好处。另一方面，科技进步也给我们带来了许多麻烦。现在许多国家 的人民饱受公害之苦。

177. lets take cars for example. they not only pollute the air in cities, but make them crowded. furthermore, they are responsible for a lot of traffic accidents. the noise made by cars disturbs the residents living on both sides of streets all day and night.

就拿汽车为例。汽车不仅污染城市空气，而且使城市拥挤不堪。此外，汽车造成许多交通事故。汽车所产生的噪音使居住在街道两旁的居民日夜不得安宁。

178. it is generally believed that the chief reason for the increase in population in developed countries is not so much the rise in birth rates as the decline in death rates as a result of the improvement in medical care.

普遍认为，在发达国家人口增长的主要原因与其说是出生率的上升，还不如说是由于医疗保健的改善使死亡率下降了。

179. there is no doubt that the increase in demand caused the rise in prices.

毫无疑问，需求的增长导致了价格的上涨。

180. additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements-themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.

由于人口的猛增或大量人口流动(现代交通工具使这种流动相对容易)引发的种种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。