美国文化英语作文简短(实用20篇)

假定你是高三学生李华。你的美国中学生笔友 George来信，询问你的暑假计划。请你根据以下要点用英语写一封回信告诉他你的几点安排（阅读，陪伴父母及做兼职）。内容包括：

1.你的安排及相应理由；

2.询问对方暑假计划。注意：

1.词数 100左右，开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear George,

How is everythinggoing?

Dear George,

How is everything going?I’m glad to receive your letter, in which you asked about my plan for the coming summer holiday. And now I’m writing to tell you something about it.

To start with, I intend to read some books, ranging from famous Chinese literary works to original English novels. As is known, wide reading contributes to enriching our knowledge and broadening our horizons. Then what I’d like to do is (to) spend more time accompanying my parents by chatting more with them and helping do the housework, which I consider is a good way to repay what they have done for me. Additionally, doing a part-time job during the holiday is also included in my plan because through it, not only can I acquire practical skills, but also the experience will enable me to adapt to the future social life more easily.

Such is my arrangement, and what about yours? Hopefully, you can share it with me. I’m looking forward to your reply.

Yours,

Li Hua

亲爱的乔治，

一切都好吗？我很高兴收到你的来信，信中你询问了我对即将到来的暑假的计划。现在我写信告诉你一些事情。

首先，我打算读一些书，从中国著名的文学作品到英国原创小说。众所周知，博览群书有助于丰富我们的知识和开阔我们的视野。那么我想做的是花更多的时间陪父母，多和他们聊天，帮他们做家务，我认为这是回报他们为我所做的一切的好方法。另外，在假期做兼职也被列入我的计划，因为通过它，我不仅可以获得实用的技能，而且经验会使我更容易适应未来的社会生活。

这是我的安排，你的呢？希望你能和我分享。我期待你的答复。

你的，

李华

Coming all the way up and down in five thousand, the Chinese travel-stained, feet tread is a profound cultural background. But today, a reference to the Chinese traditional etiquette, most people there is no clear concept, and even a this kind of traditional etiquette humanization is out of date. As a result, Chinas etiquette culture is suffering from unprecedented in the past with disdain.

However, the Chinese nation traditional etiquette culture is the practice of the Chinese people for thousands of years to deal with interpersonal relationship, between people conduct guidelines.

Yang, with his xueyou swim juice for the correct answer to go to the teachers house to consult. When the dead of winter, cold, came to ride home, comes at a time when Mr Was sitting by the roadside meditation resting to restore energy, Yang two people dare not to disturb the teacher, respectfully stand outside the door, waiting for Mr Wake up and come here for a long time, wake up, cheng found standing in the wind and snow Yang from the window and saw her again in the snow. At the foot of snow has been after more than a foot. Since then, "ChengMenLiXue" historic 美谈 story is told.

Etiquette is self-critical, in is a kind of specification, is showed to the respect of others. The ancients cloud "not learn ritual, without" the embodiment of the civilization etiquette is not only a man quality, breeding, also is personal morals and embodiment of social ethics.

The eastern han dynasty huang-xiang just nine years old, he know aged respected, filial piety. Cold in the winter, then parents on ones own body after the quilt warm, peaceful to please their parents; In the hot summer, to the parents with a fan fan cool drive midge, to serve parents and peaceful. Huang-xiang seat is in the etiquette of the Chinese traditional filial piety, filial piety, starts from the minor matter.

Over the past century, due to various reasons, some good ethics have been varying degrees of damage. People now have more abundant than in the past to filial piety economic foundation, the heart is gone, his father not overwhelmed, but powerful unintentionally.

The tang dynasty years, wl back to nylon China datang FanGuo, once, back to the nylon countries to show friendly to the datang, sent messengers with a treasure see tangwangshan, one of the most precious is the white swan. On the way, white swan not careful to fly away, the messenger just plucked a few root goose feather, but failed to seize the white swan, angel in fear of goose feather is dedicated to the emperor taizong, tang dynasty didnt blame him, but felt that he is so honest that, from now on, "thousands of miles to send goose feather, courtesy light affective heavy" story to spread.

Chinese traditional etiquette, should be reflect the life style of spiritual value, the record it can make our formalization.

Traditional etiquette is spread for thousands of years of Chinese blood, if clogged arteries, China can only be called is a modern country, and not as China. Extensive and profound Chinese traditional etiquette culture, it is enough to make Chinese and overseas people attract RongYao and proud, it is important the cohesion of the Chinese nation, without it, people will get lost; Without it, China was only an empty shell.

Throughout ancient and modern development of China and other countries, there is no loss of denying yourself a nation traditional etiquette, there is no one would think that their own excellent traditional etiquette is outdated, harmful. And spread the Chinese traditional etiquette culture. Is each Chinese childrens responsibility, only in this way, we can clear conscience to loudly say: "I am a Chinese!"

参考翻译：

上下五千年，中国一路风尘仆仆走来，脚下踏的是深厚的文化底蕴。但在今天，一提及中国传统礼仪，大多数人并没有什么清晰概念，甚至则一位这种传统礼仪人化是过时的东西。因此，中国礼仪文化正在遭受着史无前例的以往与不屑。

然而，中华民族传统礼仪文化是中国人民几千年来处理人际关系的实践结晶，是人与人之间行为规范的准则。

杨时与他的学友游酢为求的正确答案一起去老师家请教。时值隆冬，天寒地冻，来到程家时，适逢先生坐在路旁打坐养神，杨时二人不敢惊动老师，就恭恭敬敬立在门外，等候先生醒来，过来良久，程一觉醒来，从窗口发现侍立在风雪中的杨时，只见她遍身披雪。脚下雪已有一尺多后了。此后，“程门立雪”的故事就成了尊师重道的千古美谈。

礼仪是律己，进人是一种规范，是表现了对他人的尊重。古人云“不学礼，无以立”文明礼仪不仅是个人素质、教养的体现，也是个人道德和社会公德的体现。

东汉黄香仅仅九岁，就懂得尊老爱幼，孝顺父母。在冬天严寒之时，就用自己的身体将父母的被子温暖后，再请父母安寝;在夏日炎热之际，则用扇子给父母扇凉驱蚊，以侍奉父母安寝。黄香温席是在中国传统孝之礼仪，孝顺父母，从小事做起。

近百年来，由于种种原因，一些优秀的伦理道德遭到不同程度的破坏。如今的人们已经有了较之过去更为雄厚的经济基础来孝敬老人，心已经没了，孝敬父母不是有心无力，而是有力无心。

唐朝贞观年间，西城回纶国是大唐的藩国，一次，回纶国为了表示对大唐的友好，派使者带一批珍宝见唐王，其中最珍贵的是白天鹅。途中，白天鹅不谨飞走，使者只拔下几根鹅毛，却没能抓住白天鹅，使者在担心害怕之余吧鹅毛献给了唐太宗，唐代宗并没有怪罪他，反而觉得他忠诚老实，不辱使命，从此，“千里送鹅毛，礼轻情意重”的故事干为流传开来。

中国传统礼仪，应是体现精神价值的生活方式，传录它可以使我们的礼仪化发扬光大。

传统礼仪毕竟是中国传续了几千年的血脉，若血脉堵塞，中国只能被称为是一个现代国，而不能称其为中国了。中国传统礼仪文化博大精深，它足以使国人和海外人引来容耀和自豪，它是中华民族重要的凝聚力，没有它，国人将迷失自我;没有它，中国便只剩下一个空壳。

纵观古今中外各国发展，世上没有一个民族失否定自身传统礼仪的，没有任何一个民族会认为自己的优秀的传统礼仪是过时的，有害的。而传来中国传统礼仪文化。是每个华夏儿女的责任，只有这样，我们才能无愧地大声说：“我是中国人!”

[中华文化的传承英语作文及翻译

When the founder of Facebook, Mark Zuckerbergs daughter was born, he

announced a general decision and surprised the world. Mark told media that he

would donate 99 percent of his fortune to the charity organizations. Some people

wonder why he did not save the heritage for his offspring. In fact, in western

countries, for some rich people, they dont trend to leave much fortune for

their kids, instead, they use the money to educate their children and cultivate

them to be the wise persons. The rich people leave the invisible fortune, which

is their fame. Their children can have more chances to do their business or

receive better education with their family names. The wise rich men know the

best way to educate their offspring. They teach skills and the way of thinking,

which values everything.

While Paris may hold the official title,the City of Lights is better represented by Americas Playground,Las Vegas.This notorious hedonist destination offers visitors every opportunity to make it or break it,beckoning them with pulsating neon and the chance to win big,not to mention plenty of great restaurants,bars,clubs and shopping venues where you can proudly flaunt your winnings.Theres no question as to why Las Vegas was given the nickname,Americas Playground. From casinos to wildlife reserves,dance clubs to dance performances,entertainment is not lacking here.There are plenty of ways to spend your days (and nights),some of which wont cost you a thing.If youre in Vegas,you must visit a few of the massive casinos strewn throughout the city and centralized along the Strip.But gambling isnt the only thing to do here:The city houses numerous spas,performance venues,clubs and even kid-friendly attractions.There are even other diversions attached to the casinos -- you can take a gondola ride at the Venetian,check out the view atop Paris Eiffel Tour or enjoy the fantastic fountain show at the Bellagio.You should also swing by the Fremont Street Experience (also known as FSE) in downtown Las Vegas,a five-block pedestrian walkway that hosts free concerts and performances throughout the week.

带翻译：

虽然巴黎官方头衔，灯光的城市是更好的代表美国的游乐场，拉斯维加斯。这个臭名昭著的享乐主义者目的地提供游客每一个机会，让它或把它招手用脉动霓虹灯和大赢的机会，更不用说很多伟大的餐馆、酒吧、俱乐部和购物场所，你可以自豪地炫耀你的奖金。毫无疑问为什么拉斯维加斯的绰号，美国的游乐场。从赌场到野生动物保护区，舞厅舞蹈表演，这里并不缺乏娱乐。有很多方法来度过你的日子(晚上)，其中一些不会花费你一件事。如果你在拉斯维加斯，你必须访问的一些巨大的赌场在城市各处的和集中的地带。但赌博并不是唯一的事:城市房屋众多温泉，表演场馆、俱乐部甚至儿童青睐的景点。甚至有其他娱乐附加到赌场——你可以在威尼斯的贡多拉搭车，查看视图在巴黎的艾菲尔铁塔旅游或享受奇妙的喷泉表演的百乐宫。你也应该摇摆的弗里蒙特街经验(也称为工程师协会)在拉斯维加斯市中心，five-block人行道上，整个星期举办免费的音乐会和表演。

2013年山东高考英语作文题目：给美国朋友Tom的回信

第二节：写作(满分30分)

假设你是新华中学的学生李华，你的美国朋友Tom一周前给你发电子邮件，询问你暑假里的打算，但你因准备期末考试未能及时回复。请根据以下要点给他回邮件：

1. 未及时回复的原因;

2. 你假期的打算(如做兼职、旅行、做志愿者等)。

注意： 1. 次数：120~150;

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

【试题点评】

今年的书面表达题目延续山东省一贯的提纲作文命题习惯，时隔一年之后重新回到“书信题”的大框架中，考了一篇“以道歉信为外衣，以活动安排为主体段”的提纲作文，相当于10年山东卷(道歉信)和07年四川卷(假期安排)和合体。这种作文是我们平时经常练习的，因此套路很完善、套话很丰富。此外，本文中需要同学们翻译的难句不多，因此，只要在备考过程中有意识地了解过高考英语作文的提分方法，掌握了常用的亮点词汇、加分句型和过渡词，并加以针对性训练，这道题目应该不难写。

【经典套路】

第一段：问候+写信背景+写信目的

第二段：“道歉”部分(相当于“写信背景”)

第三段：“假期安排”部分

第四段：补充说明+客套话

【高分范文】

Dear Tom,

How are you doing? (问候) You asked me in your last letter about my plan for the coming summer vacation.(写信背景) I am sorry that I didn’t reply without delay.(写信目的)

How I wish I would read and reply your email as soon as I received it. However, I was busy preparing for my final exam at that time, which is vital for me. As a result, I had no choice but to completely focus on my study. I believe that if you were me, you would make the same choice.(第二段为道歉信常见套路)

By the way, I have a busy schedule for my summer vacation.(主题句) First and foremost, I would do a part time job, so that my interpersonal skills would be improved.(拓展句1) Additionally, I will take a short trip to Beijing to take a summer course in the New Oriental School.(拓展句2) Last but not least, maybe I will work as a volunteer for the school as a teaching assistant.(拓展句3)

These are my plan for the summer vacation. What’s yours? I am looking forward to your earliest reply.(以合理的客套话结尾)

Old People in America

In the old days，American families were bigger。 People had more children，and grandparents and great-grandparents lived with their families。 But now， families are smaller， and many old people

live alone。 At the same time， Americans are living longer and longer。 The number of old people is always growing。

Some old people like to stay in their old homes。 They do not want to move from their old homes。 They do not want to move from their hometown。 They are near their 。friends and family。 But some do not have a lot of friends。 They want to meet new people。 They want to live in a quiet place with other

people of their age。

A large number of old people are moving to the South。 It is warm there。 You do not have to walk through the snow in winter，or pay a lot of money for heating。

A large number of old people are moving to the South only for old people。 One of these is Sun City， near Phoenix， Arizona。 All the families in Sun City must have one person over the age of 50 ，and children under 18 years old cant live there。

美国的老人

以前美国都是大家庭。人们孩子很多，祖父母和曾祖父母都和家人在一起生活。但现在，家庭越来越小，许多老人独自生活。与此同时，美国人越活越长。老年人的数目总在不断增长。

有些老人喜欢呆在他们原来的房子里。他们不愿意从旧房子里搬出来。他们不想离开家乡。他们想住在朋友和家人附近。但是有些老人朋友不多，他们想结交新人，他们想和其他同龄的老人共同居住在一个僻静的地方。

很多老人正在迁往南部，那里天气暖和。冬天的时候不需要在雪中走路，也不需要交大笔取暖费。

很多老人正在迁往只允许老人居住的南部城市。其中之一就是亚利桑那州菲尼克斯附近的太阳城。太阳城居住的所有家庭都必须有一个成员在50岁以上，18岁以下的孩子能住在那里。

The human race has entered a completely new stage in its history,along with

the advance of the society and the increaceingly rapid economic globalization

and urbanization, which resulted in the phenomenon that we are accustomed to

living a very fast rhythm lifestyle,ignoring the Chinese traditional

culture.

It is universally acknowledged that Chinese culture has a history of more

than two thousand years, which once had great influence on the world, such as

Japan, South Korea and other Asian and European countries. As one of the four

ancient civilizations,China creates many splendid cultures,such as the four

ancient Chinese inventions,which benefited human society in the history.

Although China risks copying the Western lifestyle’s worst aspects,

especially of unhealthy eating and drinking,Which once gave rise to many

problems.Fortunately,Chinese begin to realize the importance of Chinese

traditional culture.Such examples might be given easily,Chinese traditional

culture was added into our CET4 and CET6 ,which help us get hold of it

better.

American houses usually have private kitchens, a living room and sometimes separate areas for eating and watching television. A house usually has its own mailbox, a yard with plants or perhaps a lawn, and a place to store garbage out of sight.

A bungalow is a small house with one or two bedrooms and usually one bathroom.

A mansion is a real big house with many bedrooms and several bathrooms.

A ranch house usually has three or four bedrooms. The master bedroom for the mother and father usually has its own bathroom.

An apartment is usually one living space within a building. Several apartment can be in the same building, with a shared yard, parking spaces, and garbage.

A town house is a two-floor apartment. The kitchen, living room and dining room are usually on the first floor and the bedrooms are on the second floor.

A studio apartment may have a separate kitchen, but the living room is also the bedroom!

A condominium, or condo for short, is an apartment that is owned by the occupant, not the building owners.

Most American are happy to talk about their homes. And if theyve done anything special in their home, theyll let you know what it was, and maybe tell you what it cost to put in the Jacuzzi, deck or patio, etc. Most Americans live in cities, but nearly as many live in suburbs. Suburban American has shopping centers called malls and residents usually need a care to get around. Most of the houses in the suburbs are one or two stories tall, with private yards and gardens and garage. There are few tall buildings in the suburbs. Cities have neighborhoods, warehouse stores, and public transportation is usually pretty good. Private houses might only have a back yard, and if there is a garage it probably is small. Cities have a lot of apartment buildings and some tall buildings may seem to scrape the sky , so they are called skyscraper .

[American houses美国的房屋英语作文

Last year, I went to Guilin for travel, it was a great trip for me. I not only had a look at the beautiful scenery, but also made friends. I knew a lovely girl from America, we met each other on the train. As we were almost at the same age, we communicated a lot. We shared our opinion about the culture and learned a lot. When our train reached the destination, we needed to separate, we promised to keep in touch by the Internet. Now a year has passed, we make our promise and keep in touch all the time. I have improved my English and she is so interested in China. It seems that we can never finish our topic, because we always have so much to share with each other. I am so lucky to make a good friend.

去年,我去了桂林旅游,对我来说这是一次完美的旅行。我不仅看了美丽的风景,也交到了朋友。我认识了一个可爱的来自美国的女孩,我们在火车上相遇。由于我们几乎在同一个年龄,我们交流了很多。我们分享各自的文化,学到了很多。当火车到达目的地时,我们要分开了,我们承诺通过网络保持联系。现在一年过去了,我们旅行了承诺,保持着联系。我提高了我的英语,她对中国也感兴趣。似乎我们总有说不完的话题,因为我们总是有那么多东西要相互分享。我很幸运交到了一个好朋友。

[一位来自美国的朋友英语作文

USA field place North America central section , east face Atlantic Ocean , the north being near to Canada , meet Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico in the south. Subordinate Alaska is located in the North America northwest part , Hawaii is located in middle Pacific Ocean north part. Always cover an area of 9372614 square Qianmi. The coastline is long 22680 kilometers. The plain is that Indian lives in a compact community field. 15 ends of the century Spain , Holland , France , United Kingdom etc. migrate consecutively having come this far. In the 18 centuries fronts,United Kingdom has built 13 colonies along the bank in North America Atlantic Ocean.

1775 has been annual , has broken out to oppose United Kingdom colonizing comrades Revolutionary War. 1776 annual 7 month 4 days colonial people announce "Declaration of Independence" , announce setting up USA. 1783 annual Revolutionary War are over , United Kingdom admits that 13 colonies are independent. 1787 years pass USA constitution , set up the federation republic. 1803 years purchase Louis anna from France (be located in extensive USA central section area). 1819 years purchase Fla. from Spain.

1845 years invade and occupy Mex Texas. Fields such as that , California 1848 years are ended to Mexican War have got New Mexcico , Yalisang the day afer tomorrow. 1853 years have striven for a piece of land land of Arizona now the southern part and New Mexico southwest part from Mexico. Alaska and Aleutian Islands 1867 years have been bought to tsarist Russia. 1898 years have annexed Hawaii. These places successively add afterwards if federation , USA who forms nows, 1971 annual 1 month 1 day surname our country establishes diplomatic relations.

篇一：圣诞节习俗的英语作文

People in British are the most eating people on Christmas, and the foods including roast pig, Turkey, Christmas pudding, Christmas patties etc.. Every family has a gift, a servant has a share, and all the gifts are sent on Christmas morning. Some sing carols along the door-to-door singing reported good news, they will be invited to the house owner, with refreshments or small gifts.

英国人在圣诞节是最注重吃的，食品中包括烧猪、火鸡、圣诞布丁、圣诞碎肉饼等。每一个家人都有礼物，仆人也有份，所有的礼物是在圣诞节的早晨派送。有的唱圣诞歌者沿门逐户唱歌报佳音，他们会被主人请进屋内，用茶点招待，或者赠小礼物。

篇二：圣诞节习俗的英语作文

The average adult in France will go to the church for midnight mass on the eve of Christmas. After the end of the family, all the families went to the home of the oldest married brother or sister, and was reunited to eat. This meeting is to discuss family events, but in case of family disharmony, then the hatchet will vanish, everyone has to become reconciled, so the Christmas is a kind of days in France.

法国的一般成年人，在圣诞前夕差不多都要到教会参加子夜弥撒。在完毕后，家人同去最年老的已婚的哥哥或姊姊的家里，团聚吃饭。这个集会，讨论家中要事，但遇有家人不和睦的，在此后也前嫌冰释，大家要和好如初了，所以圣诞在法国是一个仁慈的日子。

篇三：圣诞节习俗的英语作文

Every Italian family has a model of the birth of Jesus. On Christmas Eve, All families get together for a big meal and attend Christmas mass at midnight. After that, they will visit their friends and relatives, but only children and old people can get presents. At Christmas, the italians have a very good custom, and children write or write poems thanking their parents for their upbringing. Their works are hidden in napkins, dishes, or tablecloths before they have a Christmas meal. After they had finished the meal, they retrieved it and read it to everyone.

每一个意大利的家庭，都放有耶稣诞生故事的模型景物。在圣诞前夕，家人团聚吃大餐，到午夜时参加圣诞弥撒。完毕之后，便去访问亲友，只有小孩和年老的人得到礼物。在圣诞节，意大利人有一种很好的风俗，儿童们作文或撰诗歌，表示感谢他们的父母在这年来给他们的教养。他们的作品，在未吃圣诞大餐之前，被暗藏在餐巾里、碟子的下面或是桌布里，父母装作看不见。在他们吃完大餐之后，便把它取回，向大家朗读。

Chinese there are a lot of traditional culture, such as the Lantern

Festival, the Dragon Boat Festival Dragon Boat Glutinous Rice Balls to eat, to

celebrate the Mid Autumn Festival, summer egg fight...... I love most is the

beginning of the egg fight.

The day of the beginning, I invited my buddy to fight my eggs. At the

beginning of the egg, mother prepared an egg for each of us and said, "who is

the last of the eggs, who is the king of the egg!" First of all, I and Yao

Peiyu, both of us egg head to the egg, who will not let anyone, to fight each

other up. We just fight soon, they heard the click sound, there is a broken egg!

I was so surprised that I looked at my eggs, and thank God, my eggs were not

broken. It was Yao Peiyu who accidentally hit the empty head with my tip! We saw

it and laughed all the time. He bites and says, "come again!" This time, we all

put out the strength of the milk, but his strength was not big, so he was

defeated by me! Left --iao Yu--uan, although she is a girl, but not a good

deal.

All of a sudden, I came up with a good plan and a seamless plan. I used to

fight with her on the empty end and broke up in a moment. I thought to myself,

"this is the end of you. Your sharp head has been damaged. I will fight with you

with a good and sharp tip." So, I tried to wipe the egg head, and suddenly

blows, give strength to my eggs. At first, her eggs were damaged, and she was

not so big as I was, so I was easily defeated. I jumped up with joy. Mother

loudly announced, "the end of the game, Sun Yize is the king of eggs!" Now

everyone begins to eat eggs. " We eat eggs, and all the people are in the

atmosphere of joy.

The egg not only brought us happiness, but also let me understand a truth:

everything should be brain, with wisdom to win!

Halloween is an autumn holiday that Americans celebrate every year。 It means "holy evening，" and it comes every October 31， the evening before All Saints Day。 However， it is not really a church holiday， it is a holiday for children mainly。

Every autumn， when the vegetables are ready to eat， children pick large orange pumpkins。 Then they cut faces in the pumpkins and put a burning candle inside。 It looks as if there were a person looking out of the pumpkin！ These lights are called jack—o—lanterns， which means "Jack of the lantern"。

The children also put on strange masks and frightening costumes every Halloween。 Some children paint their faces to look like monsters。 Then they carry boxes or bags from house to house。 Every time they come to a new house， they say，"Trick or treat！ Money or eat！" The grown—ups put treat—money or candy in their bags。

Not only children， but most grown—ups also love Halloween and Halloween parties because on this day，they can disguise themselves as personages or ghost as their imaginations will lead them。 This bring them the satisfaction of being young。

Dear Tom

I am very happy to receive your letter. I am fine these days but a bit busy. I am always busy with my study and there are lots of homework to do every day. I work hard and I am interested in all the subjects so I can alwasy get good grades. I often do sports for about twenty minutes after school because its good for my health and it can help me relax. I am going to take an important exam so that I can get into senior high. So I will try as hard as I can. How about you?

Yours

Lily

文化差异何其大 美国为何难以理解中国

Do the events that led to the outbreak of the first world war carry lessons for the Sino-American relationship? A century ago it was the ascent of Germany under Kaiser Wilhelm I thatunsettled the world; today a rising China is roiling east Asia. Then, as now, domestic politicson both sides played a role; one that is too easily neglected.

导致一战爆发的事件对中美关系有什么启发意义吗?一个世纪以前，德国在威廉一世(Kaiser Wilhelm I)领导下的崛起让世界感到不安;如今，中国的崛起让东亚感到不安。当时和现在一样，对立双方的国内政治都发挥了作用——这是一个太容易被人们忽视的因素。

Why did Britain and Germany – linked by trade, dynastic ties, culture and religion – findthemselves at war in August 1914? In part, as historian Paul Kennedy has argued, it wasbecause London’s liberal ideology contributed to its perception of a growing German threat.

1914年8月，存在贸易、王朝纽带、文化和宗教联系的英国和德国为何开战?从某种程度上来说，正如历史学家保罗肯尼迪(Paul Kennedy)所指出的，那是因为伦敦的自由主义意识形态强化了其关于德国威胁日益加剧的认识。

Filtered through liberalism’s lens, Germany looked militarist, autocratic, mercantilist and statist– and contempt for the country’s political culture added to London’s disquiet. When the warbegan, it quickly came to be seen as a liberal crusade against “Prussianism”.

透过自由主义“棱镜”，德国给人看到的是军国主义、独裁、重商主义和计划经济——而对该国政治文化的鄙视也增加了伦敦的不安。当战争爆发时，人们立刻将之视为一场讨伐“普鲁士主义”的自由主义战争。

In this respect, today’s Sino-American rivalry resembles the pre-1914 Anglo-Germanantagonism. The speed of China’s growth worries US policy makers, as do the geopoliticalimplications of its economic transformation.

从这个方面来说，当今的中美对抗类似于1914年以前的英德对抗。中国的发展速度让美国政策制定者感到担忧，其经济改革对地缘政治的影响同样让美国不安。

Across the American political spectrum, China’s success is attributed to its failure to play bythe rules of free trade – for instance, its habit of manipulating the value of its currency andengaging in industrial espionage. Market-oriented liberalism is the dominant ideology in theUS and, as in pre-1914 Britain, it shapes policy makers’ image of their supposed adversary.

在美国政界上下看来，中国的成功得益于其没有遵守自由贸易规则，例如惯于操纵汇率，以及从事工业间谍活动。以市场为导向的自由主义是美国的主要意识形态，而正如1914年前的英国一样，它决定了政策制定者对他们所以为的对手的印象。

American leaders view China as a nation whose undemocratic political system raises doubtsabout both the scope of its foreign policy ambitions and its trustworthiness as a diplomaticpartner. Moreover, China’s combination of political authoritarianism and state-directedcapitalism causes unease because it challenges the supposed universality of the Americanmodel of liberal democracy and free-market capitalism.

在美国领导人的眼里，中国不民主的政治体制令人怀疑其外交政策雄心的范围，以及其作为外交合作伙伴的可信赖性。此外，中国政治威权主义与国家资本主义的结合令人不安，原因是它挑战了美国模式的自由主义民主和自由市场资本主义的所谓普适性。

Aaron Friedberg, a Princeton University professor, says that for Americans, “the success of amainland [Chinese] regime that blends authoritarian rule with market-driven economics is anaffront.” For members of the US foreign-policy elite, the Chinese threat is not so muchgeopolitical as ideological.

普林斯顿大学(Princeton University)的阿龙弗里德伯格(Aaron Friedberg)教授表示，在美国人看来，“中国大陆政权将威权统治和市场导向的经济学结合在一起所取得的成功是一种侮辱”。对美国上层外交政策制定者来说，中国威胁更多是意识形态层面的，而不是地缘政治上的。

Powerful external and domestic forces are putting the US and China on the road toconfrontation. China aspires to be the regional hegemon in east (and southeast) Asia. The US– the incumbent hegemon, having dominated the region since 1945 – is blocking its path.

各种强有力的内外因素正把美中推上对抗之路。中国渴望成为东亚(以及东南亚)地区的霸主，而自1945年以来主导该地区的现任霸主美国则拦在路上。

Yet America’s predominance in east Asia contributes little to the security of a nation whosegeography and unsurpassed military capabilities would anyway make it close to invulnerable.The US is the most secure great power in history – even more so if you factor in thedeterrent effect of nuclear weapons. The true cause of American insecurity is not animminent encroachment on its territory but the risk that US alliances – especially with Japan –will draw it into a regional conflict.

然而，在东亚地区的主导地位并不会让美国更安全——不管怎样，美国所处的地理位置和拥有的无可匹敌的军事能力让其处于一种近乎无懈可击的状态。美国是历史上最安全的大国——如果你考虑到核武器的威慑作用，就会更肯定这一点。美国真正的不安全因素不是其疆域会遭到入侵，而是同盟关系——尤其是美日同盟——将其拖入地区冲突的风险。

The US wants to maintain its east Asian dominance to keep the region’s markets open toAmerican goods and its people open to liberal ideas. China threatens this openness, on whichAmerica’s security is wrongly believed to depend.

美国希望保持在东亚地区的主导地位，以让该地区的市场继续向美国商品开放，其民众继续接受自由主义思想的熏陶。中国威胁到了这种开放，而美国的安全被错误地以为依赖于这种开放。

The liberal assumptions embedded in American foreign policy put the US at odds with China,and also heighten Beijing’s mistrust of Washington’s intentions and ambitions. The spiral ofanimosity that threatens to culminate in a confrontation between the two countries is inlarge part a creation of American policy.

美国外交政策中蕴含的自由主义思想导致美国与中国立场不一致，也加深了北京方面对华盛顿意图和抱负的不信任感。这种不断增长的、有可能在两国对抗中达到顶峰的敌意，在很大程度上是美国政策导致的。

As China’s rises, Washington has a last clear chance to avoid the looming Sino-Americanconflict.

在中国的崛起过程中，美国有最后的避让机会，可以避免不断迫近眼前的中美冲突真正爆发。

This would entail making real concessions on Taiwan and on China’s territorial claims in the Eastand South China Seas. It would also involve a commitment that Washington would notinterfere in China’s internal affairs.

这需要美国在台湾xx以及中国涉及东中国海和南中国海的领土主张上做出真正的妥协。此外美国也需承诺不干预中国内部事务。

America’s political culture – based on exceptionalism, liberal ideology, and openness – is a bigobstacle to coming to terms with a resurgent China. So is the fact that the foreign-policy eliteremains wedded to American primacy, and refuses to accept that this will inevitably slip awaybecause of the relative decline of US power.

美国建立在例外主义、自由主义思想和开放观念等基础之上的政治文化，是影响美国接受复兴的中国的一大障碍。另一个障碍是，美国外交政策圈子中的精英们依然痴迷于“美国主导地位”，并拒绝接受这种地位随着美国实力相对衰落必将丧失的观点。

History is also a problem.

历史也是一个问题

US policy makers are quick to invoke what they take to be the lessons of the 1930s whileoverlooking the causes of the first world war. David Calleo, a professor at Johns Hopkins, hasobserved that what we should learn from the earlier conflict “is not so much the need forvigilance against aggressors, but the ruinous consequences of refusing reasonableaccommodation to upstarts”.

美国政策制定者迅速摆出他们从上世纪30年代事件中归纳的教训，却无视一战的起因。约翰斯-霍普金斯大学(Johns Hopkins University)的戴维卡莱奥(David Calleo)教授指出，我们应该从更早那场冲突中学到的主要教训，“不是必须警惕侵略者，而是拒绝合理包容新崛起者将带来破坏性后果”。

If the US wants to avoid a future conflict with China, it cannot allow liberal ideology toobstruct a reconciliation with an ever more powerful China. That is the real lesson of 1914.

如果美国想要避免未来与中国发生冲突，就不能让自由主义意识形态妨碍它与越来越强大的中国修好。这是1914年带给我们的真正教训。

中西文化的差异不仅包括人文地理和民俗风情方面的不同，而且包括了中英文语言运用习惯的诸多不同。在平时的教学中，我们就必须根据教材，适时渗透一些西方文化知识，让学生尝试了解相关的文化背景等。

例如，在写“My favorite festival”一文时，很多学生都写到“Christmas Day”，对这个节日了解较多的学生，他们准备着笔的内容就比其他同学丰富多了。让学生尝试了解相关的文化背景既开阔了学生语言学习的视野，也为他们日后写作提供了一些文化素材。

My dream is to study abroad in the future. I am always that kind of life can come true soon. But, before I realize my dream, I have to do some preparation. I think the most important thing I need to do first is to adapt the life there.

It is said that there is a big difference between the eastern and western culture.

If I know nothing, it is easy for me to have culture conflict. It will put me into an embarrass place. For example, dragon is the leader for all animals and it has holy good meaning in china. But it means violence in the western country.

I need to learn as much the cultural conflicts as possible to make my oversea life become easier.

我的梦想是以后可以去留学。我总是希望那样的生活能早日成真。但是，在实现梦想之前，我得做一些准备工作。我想我首先需要做的是适应那里的生活。据说东西方文化是有差异的。如果我什么都不知道，很容易发生文化冲突。这会置我于一个尴尬的地方。例如，龙是在中国是万兽之王，有着无比神圣的意义。但是在西方国家则是暴力的象征。我要尽量了解的文化冲突，这样我的留学生活才会变得更简单。

[初中英语作文：东西方文化差异

美国文化的主要内容是强调个人价值,追求民主和自由,小编收集了关于美国文化的作文，欢迎阅读。

第一篇：美国文化

This Thursday is Thanksgiving Day. The writer O’Henry called it the one day that is purely American. Thanksgiving is not a religious holiday. But it has ritual meaning. Some Americans attend religious services on the day before Thanksgiving or on Thanksgiving morning. Others travel long distances to be with their families. They have a large dinner which is the main part of the celebration. For many Americans, Thanksgiving is the only time when all members of the family gather. The holiday is a time of family reunion. Thanksgiving week is generally one of the busiest travel times of the year. However, experts say this year probably will be different. On September 11th, thousands of people died when terrorists hijacked airplanes that struck buildings in Washington D.C. and New York City. Many people now say they are worried about flying on a plane. Travel experts say almost 6 percent fewer people will make long trips this Thanksgiving compared with last year. Many Americans who usually visit family and friends by plane are driving shorter distances instead this week. Some mental health experts say the attacks have frightened people. They say people feel safer and happier close to home. More than any other holiday, Thanksgiving is a celebration of family and home. Many people say that this year they are especially thankful for their families and friends and the good things in their lives. On Thanksgiving, people enjoy a long day of cooking, eating and talking. The traditional meal almost always includes the turkey with a bread mixture cooked inside. Other traditional Thanksgiving food served with turkey are sweet potatoes, cranberries and pumpkin pie. Stores are said to sell more food at Thanksgiving than at any other time of the year, and many people eat more food at Thanksgiving than at any other time of the year. Over the years, Americans have added new traditions to their Thanksgiving celebration. For example, a number off professional and university football games are played on Thanksgiving Day. Some of the games are broadcast on national television.

翻译：

本周四是感恩节。作者O Henry称之为纯粹是美国的一天。感恩节不是一个宗教节日。但它有仪式的意义。一些美国人参加宗教仪式在感恩节的前一天或是感恩节的早上。还有的长途跋涉和他们的家人团聚。他们有一个大型晚宴庆祝活动的主要部分。对许多美国人来说,感恩节是唯一一次当所有家族成员。这个节日是家人团聚的时间。感恩节这一周通常是交通最繁忙的时期。然而,专家说,今年可能会不同。9月11日,成千上万的人死于恐怖分子劫持飞机袭击的建筑物在华盛顿特区和纽约市。现在很多人说,他们担心飞机上飞行。旅游专家表示,近6%更少的人将使长途旅行这个感恩节与去年相比。许多美国人通常拜访家人和朋友乘飞机本周将改为短途驾车。一些心理健康专家认为,袭击令人们感到恐慌。他们说人们感到更安全、更快乐。比其他任何节日,感恩节是一个庆祝和家人回家。很多人说,今年他们特别感谢家人和朋友,好东西在他们的生活中。在感恩节,人们享受着一整天的烹调、饮食和说话。传统的感恩节大餐都包括火鸡内填满面包和火鸡一起做熟。其他传统的感恩节食物与土耳其是红薯,越橘和南瓜派。据说商店出售更多的食物在感恩节比其他任何时候,在感恩节,许多人吃更多的食物比其他任何时候。多年来,美国人增加了新传统感恩节的庆祝活动。例如,许多专业和大学足球比赛是在感恩节。一些游戏是在国家电视台播出。

第二篇：美国文化

The main content of American culture is the emphasize on individuals value, the pursue of democracy and freedom, the promotion of deploitation(开拓, 经营) and competition and the need of realistic and practicality. Its core is individualism: self first, personal need first, pursue of individual benefit and enjoyment, emphasize on achieving individual value by self-strive and self-design. This type of intentionally build up of personality and pursue customized individualism has its pros and cons, it gives incentives to people and make them exert on their potential and wisdom and as a result accelerate the development of the entire race and nation; on the other hand it is difficult to keep good relationship among people if everyone is egocentric thus make the entire society lack of unity.

American citizens emphasize on achievements and respect heroes. They have great sense in their hearts to praise succeand heroes. Personal achievements are one of those with the highest value in Americans mind. Americans have very strong senses of success. Succeis the pursuit of most Americans, it is their attractive future and the incentives for moving forward. They believe that ones personal value is equivalent to his achievements in his career. Some high achievers in their career such as entrepreneurs, scientists, artists and all kinds of super starts became modern heroes. The proceand result of how they strived have become the frame of reference of social culture value and the real life text book for parents to educate their children.

American society has great movements within itself. These movements are shown in two aspects: movements amongst locations and movements inside the society. The United States are relatively more open and have more freedom. Developed transport and the tradition of adventure and sporty makes a lot of American migrate from countryside to cities, from downtown to uptown; and from north to the southern sunny land, from one city to another. Unlike European countries, the social classes in America is not so stable. Further more, with the advocation of public education, movements upwards along the social ladder have become possible. Many people living in the states, no matter whether they are Native American or immigrants from overseas, have the same dream of changing their social claand make their lifetime dream come true through their own efforts. This is what they often called "American dream".

翻译：

美国文化的主要内容是强调个人价值,追求民主和自由,促进开拓(开拓,经营)和竞争和现实的需要和实用性。其核心是个人主义:自我第一,个人需要首先,追求个人利益和享受,强调实现个人价值self-strive和自行设计。个性与追求这种类型的有意建立定制的个人主义有其优点和缺点,它给激励人们,让他们发挥他们的潜力和智慧,因此加快整个种族和民族的发展;另一方面很难如果每个人都以自我为中心的人保持良好的关系从而使整个社会缺乏团结。

美国公民强调成就和尊重英雄。他们有很大的感觉在心里称赞succeand英雄。个人成就是其中一个最高的价值在美国人心中。美国人有很强的成功的感觉。Succeis大多数美国人的追求,这是他们吸引力的未来,前进的动力。他们认为一个人的个人价值相当于他的成就在他的职业生涯。一些成功人士在他们的职业生涯如企业家、科学家、艺术家和各类超级开始成为现代英雄。的proceand结果如何努力已经成为社会文化价值的参照系和现实生活教科书,父母教育他们的孩子。

美国社会中很有运动本身。这些运动是体现在两个方面:运动中位置和运动在社会。美国相对的开放更多的自由。发达的交通和冒险好动的传统使许多美国人从乡村流到城市,又从市中心流向郊区;从北方流到南方阳光地带,从一个城市到另一个地方。美国社会阶级不像欧洲国家并不是那么稳定。此外,公共教育的普及,使沿着社会阶梯向上流动成为可能。许多人生活在美国,无论他们是印第安人还是移民海外,有相同的梦想改变他们一生社会claand使梦想成真通过他们自己的努力。这就是他们通常被称为“美国梦”。

第三篇：美国文化

American culture, in a sense, is an extension of European culture, because the language of the Americans, demographic composition and her spirit of the foundation are from Europe. On the other hand, American culture with Europe, because European immigrants in the North American continent to drive away after taking the Indians, in a barren wilderness land to create a stunning is the splendid civilization. Therefore, in the United States talk about cultural practices and social propriety, it is necessary to take account of the same culture of Europe and the United States, but also pay attention to both of the opposite sex. Cultural practices is a wide scope and complexity of the topic, people involved in social life and relations In all aspects.

Of tolerance.

The United States is a country of immigrants, the ancestors from around the world. People emigrated to the United States, not only in the location to move on, but also in their country and customs of the council to a new place of residence. As miscellaneous, people their differences very obvious because the differences are very common, people do not particularly pay attention to unity. In time, the cultural practices of the Americans formed a higher level of tolerance (tolerance), the different cultures and different appraisals on tolerance, an acceptable attitude. At this point, the U.S. society feasible than the custom of other countries in the world more broadly.

From a political perspective, this tolerance of performance in the pursuit of freedom and the right to freedom of maintenance. From the religious that it reflected in the harmonious coexistence of different faiths. From the viewpoint of life, and it appeared in different communities, different ethnic communities live in peace. In a nutshell, in the United States, each person can basically arbitrary choice of different ideas, beliefs, traditions and customs and way of life; people can also keep a considerable extent, their customs and instrument. For example, Jews can celebrate their religious festivals, and Christians are to their Christmas and Easter. For example, again, the United States by Chinese in Chinatown Chinese live and work; the same token, the Vietnamese immigrants in their "little Saigon" according to Vietnams way of doing business and engaged in various activities.

Americans of tolerance, in addition to the above United States is a country that factors other than immigration, and the frequent movement of the Americans. As everyone knows, the history of the United States in the development of an important part of her history of the development of the western region. At that time, the United States Blazers or hiking, horseback or car, from east to west, from north to south, wherever there are opportunities, there Jiuwang resettlement. The frequent migration and continuous replacement of the Habitat so that people will always be in the "mobile", and the occasional different facing the phenomenon of tolerance and more easily accepted. Moreover, the current migration also can help people expand the field of vision, known more widely know, the different practices with sympathy, understanding, and gradually formed diversity rather than uniformity of the openness of the concept.

As the Americans tolerant of stronger, so very few Americans to impose its will on other people, with China Confucius "by the others do not want to, not to impose on" the very Guxun like. For example, a husband may be a Republican, but he must not support the Democratic Party forced his wife to change political stance. Similarly, perhaps the mother is a Catholic, but she must not have forced her into a Muslim convert son to change religion. In their daily lives and habits of business in normal times, this spirit of tolerance is a common occurrence, commonplace.

翻译：

美国文化,从某种意义上说,是欧洲文化的延伸,因为美国人的语言、人口构成和她来自欧洲的精神基础。另一方面,美国文化与欧洲,因为欧洲移民在北美大陆印第安人赶走后,在一个贫瘠的荒野地创建一个惊人的是灿烂的文明。因此,在美国谈论文化习俗和社会规范,有必要考虑相同的欧洲和美国的文化,但也注意到这两个异性。文化习俗是一个广泛的范围和复杂性的话题,人们参与社会生活,在各方面的关系。

的宽容。

美国是一个移民国家,来自世界各地的祖先。人移民到美国,不仅在位置移动,而且在他们的国家和风俗理事会的新居住地。杂,人们分歧非常明显,因为差异是非常普遍的,人们并不特别关注团结。随着时间的推移,美国人的文化习俗形成了一个更高层次的公差(公差),宽容不同文化和不同的评估,一个可接受的态度。在这一点上,美国社会可行的比世界上其他国家的习俗。

从政治角度看,这种宽容的性能追求自由和维护自由的权利。从宗教,它体现在不同信仰的和谐共存。从生活的角度,它出现在不同的社区,不同的民族生活在和平。简而言之,在美国,每个人基本上可以任意选择不同的观念、信仰、传统、习俗和生活方式,人们也可以保持相当大的程度上,他们的习俗和乐器。例如,犹太人可以庆祝他们的宗教节日,而基督教徒,他们的圣诞节和复活节。例如,美国,中国在唐人街中国生活和工作,同样,越南移民在他们的“小西贡”按越南的方式经营和从事各种活动。

美国人的宽容,除了上面的美国是一个非移民因素的国家,和经常运动的美国人。众所周知,美国历史发展的一个重要组成部分的西部地区的发展的历史。当时,美国开拓者或徒步旅行、骑马或汽车,从东到西,从南到北,哪里有机遇,Jiuwang安置。频繁的迁移和不断更换栖息地,这样人们将永远是“移动”,以及偶尔的现象所面临的不同更容易宽容和接受。此外,经常迁移还能够帮助人们扩大视野,了解更广泛的知道,不同的实践同情、理解,并逐渐形成多样性而非均匀性开放的概念。

强大的美国人宽容,所以很少有美国人将自己的意志强加于他人,与中国孔子“别人不想,不要对“Guxun像。例如,丈夫可能是个共和党人,但他必须不支持民主党迫使他的妻子改变政治立场。同样,也许妈妈是天主教徒,但她决不能强迫她进入一个穆斯林把儿子改变宗教信仰。在日常生活和习惯的业务在正常情况下,这种宽容精神是一种常见的发生,司空见惯。

There is also a huge difference between Chinese and Western people. Chinese people use chopsticks and western people use fork and knife. Usually people who use fork and knife will use fork to hold the meat and cut it by knife and use fork to help to get that piece of meat into mouse. Chinese just use chopstick to pick things and pass it into your mouse.

Chinese people only have three meals during a day. But western people will have more, they have afternoon tea. Usually they would have fruits, homemade cake, tea (black tea) or biscuit with cheese. If you are a housewife and have a lot of time, you may have morning tea as well.

Chinese paper cut has a long history of over 2000 years.It can be seen in different parts of China.Many peopleno matter young or oldare fond of it.

People in northern part of Chinado well in making paper cut.They cut paper into different shapeslike birdsanimalsflowers and so on.

I think Chinese paper cuts are not onlybeautiful but also very useful.People usually put them on doors or windowswhen they celebrate something happyespecially for the Spring Festival.More and more people are interested in it.I hope youll come to Chinato see more Chinese paper cuts one day.

中国剪纸有2000多年的悠久历史。它可以在中国不同的地方看到，许多人，无论年轻人还是老年人，都喜欢它。

在中国北部的人们制作剪纸做得很好。他们剪成不同的形状，如鸟类、动物、花草等。

我认为中国的剪纸不仅美而且很有用。人们通常把他们的门或窗户时，他们庆祝开心的事，尤其是春节。越来越多的人对它感兴趣。我希望你能来中国，看到更多的中国剪纸的一天。

[非物质文化遗产的英语作文

Franklin is the Founding Father who is seen as the master of home-spun(朴素的) practical wisdom. Of humble origins, Franklin began as a printer and writer (the author of Poor Richards Almanack), then became an inventor and scientist, and concluded his long career as the consummate(完美的) diplomat. He played a key behind-the-scenes role at the conventions that led to the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution.

富兰克林是美国开国元勋，被誉为朴素、务实的智慧大师。他出身贫寒，最初从事印刷和写作(《穷人理查德年鉴》一书的作者)，后成为发明家和科学家，最后作为杰出的外交家结束了漫长的职业生涯。他从幕后为各种重要会议发挥了关键作用，最后导致《独立宣言》和《美国宪法》的诞生。

George Washington (1732-99)

The first president of the United States and the American commander in chief during the War of Independence from Great Britain, Washington is often called the "Father of His Country." Originally a gentleman farmer from Virginia, Washington showed great leadership qualities as a soldier. Highly popular with the American public, he was eulogized by a member of Congress as "first in war, first in peace, first in the hearts of his countrymen."

乔治?华盛顿(George Washington, 1732-1799)

华盛顿是美国第一任总统，在摆脱英国统治的独立战争(War of Independence)时期担任总司令，常被尊称为“国父”。他原是弗吉尼亚州(Virginia)一位从事农业的乡绅，后成为一名军人，表现出非凡的领导能力。他在美国公众中享有崇高的声望，一位国会议员曾赞颂他

是“英勇作战第一人，争取和平第一人、國人心中第一人”。

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Jefferson was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence in 1776. "We hold these truths to be self-evident," he wrote, "that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness." Jefferson, who was later elected the third president of the United States, also wrote the state of Virginias law establishing religious freedom and founded the University of Virginia. 托马斯?杰佛逊(Thomas Jefferson, 1743-1826)

杰佛逊是1776年《独立宣言》主要起草人。他写道：“我们认为下面这些真理是不言而喻的 : 人人生而平等，造物者赋予他们若干不可剥夺的权利，其中包括生命权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。”杰佛逊后来当选美国第三任总统。他还起草了弗吉尼亚州保障宗教自由的法律，并创办了弗吉尼亚大学(University of Virginia)。

Sacagawea (ca. 1786-1812)

A young woman of the Lemhi Indians in present-day Idaho, Sacagawea helped the Lewis and Clark expedition in 1804-06 explore vast newly acquired lands in the American West. Sacagawea, who spoke several Indian dialects, served as a guide and interpreter to various Native American tribes during this peaceful expedition. When the expedition encountered the Lemhi band, she arranged for the Lemhi to provide the horses, provisions, and shelter that made the journey to the

Pacific Ocean possible. One of Sacagaweas descendants, Willow Jack, is pictured in authentic costume.

莎卡嘉薇亚(Sacagawea, 1786-1812)

莎卡嘉薇亚是印第安人莱姆哈伊(Lemhi)部族的成员，该地现属爱达荷州(Idaho)。她在1804年至1806年间帮助刘易斯(Lewis)和克拉克(Clark)远征队在美国刚获得的西部广袤土地上探险。莎卡嘉薇亚通晓好几种印第安人的方言，为这项和平探险任务担任向导并充当译员，与各种各样的印第安人部族进行沟通。在探险队遇到莱姆哈伊部族时，该部族经过她的安排为他们前往太平洋沿岸的旅途提供了必需的马匹、粮草和住所。图中身穿正统印第安人服装的威洛?杰克(Willow Jack)是莎卡嘉薇亚的后裔。

Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865)

President during the American Civil War, 1861-65, Lincoln is revered for having kept the Union together and freeing the slaves. A legislator from Illinois, Lincoln won the Republican nomination for president and was elected on an anti-slavery platform in 1860. As a result, 11 southern states seceded and war began. In the Gettysburg Address, he stated his resolve “that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”

亚伯拉罕?林肯(Abraham Lincoln, 1809-1865)

林肯在1861年至1865年美国南北战争时期担任美国总统，他因维护美国统一和解放黑奴而广受尊崇。林肯原是伊利诺伊州(Illinois)联邦议员，后获共和党提名为总统候选人，1860年以反对奴隶制的政纲当选总统。此后，南方11个州脱离联邦，引发美国内战。林肯发表的葛底斯堡演说(Gettysburg Address)表示，决心“使民有、民治、民享的政府与世长存”。

Susan B. Anthony (1820-1906)

Appalled that the 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1870) guaranteed the right to vote to newly freed slaves but not to women, Susan B. Anthony led a group of women to the polls in Rochester, New York. She was arrested several times for trying to vote, and later organized the International Woman Suffrage Alliance. She died in 1906, having paved the way for the ratification of the 19th Amendment, which granted American women the right to vote in 1920. 蘇珊?安東尼(Susan B. Anthony, 1820-1906)

蘇珊?安東尼对1870年美国宪法第15条修正案表示极为不满，因为该修正案只保障新获得解放的奴隶有选举权，但不给妇女同样的权利。她带领一群妇女去纽约州罗切斯特(Rochester, New York)投票站表达抗议。她因试图投票参加选举多次被捕，后来组织了国际妇女选举权同盟(International Woman Suffrage Alliance)。她于1906年逝世，但她为1920年保障妇女选举权的第19条宪法修正案获得通过创造了条件。

Albert Einstein (1879-1955)

The foremost physicist of the 20th century, Albert Einstein developed the theory of relativity, which overturned previous ideas on the nature of the physical universe. Born in 1879 in Germany, he developed his important ideas as a young man. In 1933, Einstein took a position with the Institute for Advanced Studies in Princeton, New Jersey, and became an American citizen in 1940." His ideas would prove instrumental in developing the atomic bomb during World War II. 阿尔伯特?爱因斯坦(Albert Einstein, 1879-1955)

爱因斯坦是20世纪久负盛名的物理学家。他创立了相对论(theory of relativity)，推翻了关于宇宙本质的旧观念。他1879年生于德国，很年轻时就提出了许多重要观点，1933年，他到新泽西州普林斯顿(Princeton, New Jersey)的高等研究院(Institute for Advanced Studies)任职， 1940年成为美国公民。他的学术思想对于美国在第二次世界大战(World War II)期间发明原子弹发挥了关键作用。

富兰克林?戴莱诺?罗斯福(Franklin Delano Roosevelt, 1882-1945)

罗斯福以其乐观的精神和政治智慧帮助美国渡过了南北战争(the Civil War)以来最艰难的时期：大萧条(the Great Depression)和第二次世界大战(World War II)。他于1933年就任总统，执政长达12年。在此期间，美国经济得到恢复，轴心国军队(the Axis forces)被打败。罗斯福是贫苦民众心目中的英雄，但众多工商界人士并不认同他在“新政” (New Deal)时期实施的经济和社会改革。

Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1882-1945)

Franklin D. Roosevelts optimism and political savvy helped carry the United States though its greatest domestic crisis since the Civil War: the hard times of the Great Depression and World War II. He assumed the presidency in 1933 and—during his 12 years at the helm—saw his country recover economically and triumph over the Axis forces. FDR was a hero to the poor, but many businessmen did not favor his economic and social reforms, called the New Deal.

约翰?菲茨杰拉德?肯尼迪(

John Fitzgerald Kennedy, 1917-1963)

肯尼迪具有卓越的领导才能，建立了众多的业绩，风度优雅，充满智慧和魅力，人们经常怀着感念的心情回忆他担任美国总统的三年时光。在德克萨斯州达拉斯(Dallas, Texas)，刺客的一颗子弹夺走了他的生命，但是他激励了千百万人民。1962年，他以坚定的意志抗击来古巴的苏联导弹威胁，以后又与苏联进行合作，缓和了核军备竞赛。他还创立了争取进步联盟(Alliance for Progress)及和平队(Peace Corps)。

John Fitzgerald Kennedy (1917-1963)

People everywhere look back nostalgically to JFKs three years as president of the United States because of his leadership, his accomplishments, and his grace, wit, and charisma. He inspired millions before he was killed by an assassins bullet in Dallas, Texas. Although not afraid to stand