交通问题及解决方法英语作文(20篇)

Every year lots of people got injured or died in traffic accidents. It is reported that many accidents resulted from people’s breaking of traffic rules. So it is necessary for all to keep the traffic rules in mind and obey them strictly.

When one crosses the street, one should take the crosswalk, underground passage or pedestrian overpass. If one is riding a bike or motorcycle, keep riding on the right side of the road. When the red light is on, please stop and wait until the green light is on. Give a hand signal if one wants to turn or stop. It is important to let the children know that playing on the road is very dangerous. Helping the aged and children cross the road is always a kind deed.If everyone obeys the traffic rules, it will be much safer to walk or ride on the road.

As we all known,food safety problems are more and more popular in our country,because

more cases about food safety problem have appeared.

Firstly,As the old saying goes,the food is what matters to the people.Food plays an important role in peoples life.So food safety influences peoples health and life.Secondly,some producers only think about earning money without thinking about ensuring food safty.they produce unqualified food.Thirdly,some food supervisory departpents dont perform their duty completely.This behavior make some producer ignore the safety of production.

If we want to solve problems that is illustrated former,we must call on the supervisory department to manage the food market.And the producers must paly their roles.Lastly,we hope that there is law that punish illegal acts.

议论文写作是几种常见文体中要求较高的一种。下面语文迷网整理了一些写作方法，希望对你有帮助。

一、议论文的文体特点和写作要求

英语议论文同中文议论文一样也是以议论的方式，通过摆事实、讲道理来阐述自己观点的一种文体。高中英语议论文是一种限制性的写作, 其论点、论据、论证都必须十分明确，学生必须结合题目要求来阐述相关观点。

议论文的结构可分为三个部分：1、引言段引出一个令人关注的问题或明白地亮出自己的观点，如提倡什么，支持什么，反对什么。 2、主体段对提出的问题进行分析、推论、并运用归纳法、演绎法和类比法等进行论证，取得以理服人的效果。3、结论段可以用两三句话来结束文章，同时要注意重申论点，与引言段呼应，但不能照搬原话。务必做到论点明确、要点齐全、论证严密、结构严谨、层次分明、首尾呼应。

二、议论文的写作方法与技巧

一)、审好题

人们常说：“磨刀不误砍柴功”。审题是写作的开始，是写好作文的前提条件，“好的开始是成功的一半”，议论文写作也不例外。只有明确题目要求，确立观点，确定论证方法及全文段落安排，才可能成功写出一篇好的议论文。如果写偏了题，再精心的构思、再好的语言表达也是枉然。审题主要包括六个方面：一是判断议论文所属类型。英语议论文根据命题特点，从形式上来看可分为如下类型: ①“一分为二”的观点。如：“轿车大量进入家庭后，对家庭、环境、经济可能产生的影响”。②“两者选一”的观点。如：“乘火车还是乘飞机”。③“我认为……”型，如：“你对课外阅读的看法”。④“怎样……(how to)”型，如：“怎样克服学习中碰到的困难”。⑤ 图表作文，通过阅读图表中的数字与项目得出一个结论或形成一种看法(杨家贵，2005)。二是确立该文的论点或作者须持的观点，以及支撑论点的道理和事实。三是确定全文所包括的要点。四是确定段落数及每段适用的连接词、过渡句，使文章连接紧凑、过渡自然、层次分明。五是选择全文主要时态及各段适用的其它时态。六是判断该文的格式，是书信还是短文。审题完毕，随即列出提纲。

二)、注重主题句的设置

主题句又叫中心句(topic sentence)，是段落的论点，限制段落中议论的范围，是整个段落的纲领。主题句必须要正确，要明确表明作者赞成什么，反对什么。主题句在一篇百来字的议论文中好比“画龙点睛”，帮助作者分层次阐述自己的观点，让读者快速了解作者的观点。

1、确定主题句的位置

英语议论文的主题句宜设在段首第一句，这是由以下两个因素决定的。1)、主题句出现的位置有三种情况：①在段首，以便读者浏览主题句就可掌握文章的概要，这个位置适用于写提供信息或解释观点的段落;②在段末;③段中(高长梅，2000)。2)、英语民族的思维特点是常采用路标式(直线式)篇章结构，即主题句在段首。

2、写出好的主题句

好的主题句具有以下特点：①有一定的概括性，普遍性而不是罗列具体事实。②句意明确而不是模糊不着边际。③让人有话可写而不是给出无可辩驳的事实。④不以问题的方式出现，也不要同时表达两个以上的观点。笔者要求学生写了以下的主题句：

1)Staying up late is bad for our health.

2)The more cars, the better?

3)There are two reasons why some people are fascinated by Super Girls and two reasons why some dislike them.

4)Beijing is famous for the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Imperial Palace and other places of interest.

5)a. Tom is a middle school student.

b. Tom is a hard-working middle school student.

6)Living in small cities is better than living in big cities.

然后让学生对照主题句的特点，他们一致认为1)、5)b、6)为好的主题句。在实践和对比中，学生学会了如何写好的主题句，并且运用到议论文写作中，收到较好效果，见以下实例(下段黑体部分是主题句)。

Everyone lives by selling something. For example, teachers live by selling knowledge, philosophers by selling wisdom and priests by selling spiritual comfort. Though it may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money, it is extremely difficult to calculate the true value of services which people perform for us. The conditions of society are such that skills have to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid for at a shop. Everyone has something to sell.

由此可见，好的主题句能帮助作者阐明观点，起到提纲挈领的作用。作者围绕段落的中心论点，运用多种方法展开论证，达到以理服人的效果。

三)、用好连接词和过渡句

从行文需要出发选用恰当的连接词、过渡句可使整篇文章文句流畅，句意转换自然，同时使表达合乎逻辑，文章结构严谨。倘若一篇议论文的段落里不乏高级词汇和复杂语法结构，但缺少了连接词、过渡句的润色而不能从一个观点自然地过渡到另一个观点，或段落里的各论据(supporting sentence)连接松散，势必削弱论证的效果，就算不上一篇好的议论文。下面分别说明如何有效运用连接词与过渡句。

1、句与句的连接词

连接词通常由连词、副词、介词短语和插入语等充当。如何有效使用连接词，使句意连贯、紧凑，以体现文章良好的严密的论证逻辑?

2.段与段的过渡句

过渡句帮助作者展示文章的条理和层次。恰当运用过渡句能使表达锦上添花。当文章从一个层次转换到另一个层次，或由一段内容转入另一段内容时需要用过渡句。恰当有效的运用过渡句，效果明显(见下文，题目及要求略，黑体部分为过渡句)。

Wearing school uniform every day spreads an order over many schools. Is it good or bad for students? Different people, however, have different opinions on this matter.

Some people say that it has a bad effect on developing students’ personal character. According to them, students are tired of wearing the same clothes every day, which is hard to tell who’s who. Furthermore, the cost of the school uniform is not low as many people think. With the bad quality, it’s not well worth the money.

However, as a popular saying goes: “Every coin has two sides.” Others argue that it is good for students. In their opinion, wearing school uniform will prevent students from wasting so much money on clothes and the time on catching up with the fashion. In addition, it’s easy for the teachers to recognize the students. There is no doubt that wearing school uniform every day is good for students.

In short, I firmly support the view that we should wear school uniform.(康珍，2005)

上文黑体部分综合体现了恰当、有效运用连接词和过渡句的最佳效果。全文行文流畅、衔接自然、条理清楚，浑然不觉作者是在套用各种连接词和过渡句。因此，非常有必要熟记一些常用典型的议论文过渡句，使议论文结构严谨，论点清楚，行文流畅。

1)引言段的常用过渡句

Recently we had a heated discussion on…, Opinions are various among different people.

Different people have different opinions on the question of …

They differ greatly in their attitudes towards …

Different people hold different views/opinions on this matter.

Although most people think… I believe…

此类过渡句能迅速引起读者注意，自然而然地引出全文要讨论的话题，或者开门见山地阐明文章的论点。

2)主体段的常用过渡句

Some may hold the view that… because… But others have a negative attitude. From their point of view…

Some people think that… While others believe…

Some people are for the idea of… because… But some people are against the idea of… because …

本文所指议论文的主体段可以是一段也可以是两段。通过正确使用过渡句，文章思路清晰，结构清楚，显示作者严谨思维，增强表达效果。

3)结论段的常用过渡句

As far as I am concerned, I totally agree with the statement that…

Therefore, it’s easy to draw the conclusion that…

As a consequence/result, I firmly support the view that…

Taking all these factors into consideration, we may reach the conclusion that…

To sum up/in a word/in conclusion/in short/above all/in general/ generally speaking, I still hold the view that…

运用过渡句的提示作用进入结论段，作者或是重申论点，或是强调论点，以便加深读者对全文的了解和深刻认识。

英语议论文范文：

Should Examination Be Abolished (取消)?

The examination system has come to be the main theme (主题)of modern education. One should take an examination andsucceed in passing it before he could be admitted， promoted or graduated. As it plays so important a role in the realm of education (教育的领域) it is under much criticism (评论) as to its validity (有效性) . People who are in favour of it try to develop this system more; those who are against it believe that such a system should be abolished. Should examination be abolished? In my opinion it should be.

Many people think that an examination is the only means to test knowledge， but， in fact， that is not true. A few questions given in an examination could by no means cover the whole field of the subject. Thus those who are able to answer them may be the poorest of the students and yet happen to know just a few points about that subject.

Id like to say that， because of the existence of the examination system， students pay so much attention to gaining high marks， that they often forget the chief purpose of education. The so-called clever students devote (贡献) themselves to the study of textbooks only. They， of course， know nothing but the skeleton (梗概) of knowledge. The end and aim of education， however， is to enable students to learn how to live. To do this， students must get themselves to do all kinds of training， physicalas well as mental. The present examination system has discouraged students from making such an attempt.

Moreover， since the students try so hard to put their lessons into memory in as short a time as possible， psychologically (心理上来看)， they soon forget the whole subject as soon as the examination is over. Surely this is one of the greatest wastes ever made in the history of civilization.

Lastly， in order to get high marks， there is a great temptation (诱惑) for students to cheat (作弊) in an examination. Indeed， such a practice becomes the means to the end. They cheat their teachers， their parents and also themselves. Such a tendency would impair (损害) our moral standards (道德标准) .

Therefore， I am of the opinion， in conclusion， that the examination system should be abolished.

As is known to us,China has the biggest population in the world,which is more than 1,300,000,000.Such a large population causes some problems in cities,thats the unemployment.Too many people gather in cities and the jobs are not enough.Some graduates cant find a job though they have left school for years.In addition,traffic jam is another problem resulting from the big population.There are too many cars on the roads and streets.

The situation of the countryside is not good.Too many people live in the countryside and we dont have enough farm land for them.

Fortunately,our government has realized the problems and has attached great importance to them.The government is trying its best to create more jobs and improve traffic systems.Moreover,the one-child policy has helped a lot.

look at your watch for just one minuite.During that time,The popuiation of the world increased by 259.Perhaps you think that is notmuch.Hoever,during the next hour,over15540 more babies will be born on the world.

So it goes on,hour after hour.In oneday,people have to produce food fover 370000 more mouths.Multiply this by365.justthink how many more there will be in one year!What will happen in a hundred years?

The increasing population

may be the greatest challenge of the world today.The worlds population is growing faster and faster.Two thousang years ago,there only 250millon people on the earth. At the beining of the20thcentury,the worldspopulation was about 1.7billion.In 1990,it reached more than five billion.Now at the beininjg of the 21stcentthe worlds population has passed six billion.people say that by the yeay 2010it may be seven billion.That means in about 600 years,there will br standing room only on the earth.Each person will have one half to one square metre of space to live in.There will be hardly enough space ror angbody else.

翻译：

众所周知,中国拥有世界上最大的人口超过1300000000。如此大的人口在城市造成一些问题,这是失业。很多人聚集在城市和工作是不够的。一些毕业生找不到工作,尽管他们已经离开学校好多年了。此外,交通堵塞造成的另一个问题是巨大的人口。有太多的汽车在公路和街道。

农村的情况是不好的。太多的人生活在农村,我们没有足够的农田。

幸运的是,我们的政府已经意识到问题,并重视他们。政府正在尽力创造更多的就业机会,改善交通系统。此外,独生子女政策已经帮助很多。

看看你的手表只有一个秒。在此期间,世界人口增加了259人。也许你认为这是更高的。Hoever,在接下来的一个小时里,over15540更多宝宝将出生在世界。

就这样,一个小时又一个小时。在某一天,人们要生产粮食fov 370000多的嘴。把这个by365。justthink多少会有一年!一百年后会发生什么事?

增加的人口

可能是当今世界最大的挑战。世界人口增长越来越快。述说两年前,地球上只有250米隆人。the20thcentury拜因的,世界人口约为17亿。在1990年,它达到了超过五十亿人。现在的beininjg 21 stcentthe世界人口已经超过六十亿。人们说2010 yeay可能是七十亿年。这意味着在大约600年,地球上只br站立的空间。每个人将有一半生活在一平方米的空间。会有其他几乎没有足够的空间。

按照厅党组的安排部署，为进一步推动“两学一做”学习教育深入开展，9月5日下午，省公路局党委中心组举行了专题学习交流会。会议紧紧围绕贯彻省委“一个指引、两手硬”的重大思路和要求，紧扣“学习贯彻系列讲话、解决若干突出问题”主题，紧贴干线公路发展实际，深入交流了运用系列讲话指导解决公路发展中的突出问题、扎实推进八项重点工作、圆满完成年度目标任务的做法、成效和经验。厅党组成员、局党委书记雷天才主持会议并讲话，局领导、局机关各处室主要负责人、局直单位党组织书记参加会议。

雷天才书记对全系统进一步抓好“两学一做”学习教育提出五点要求。一要进一步提高思想认识。要站在讲政治的高度，深化对学习教育重大意义的认识，以高度的自觉、务实的态度、有力的举措抓好学习教育。二要落实好主体责任。各级党组织和党组织书记要切实承担起学习教育的主体责任和第一责任人责任，站在第一线推动学习教育，特别要发挥好党支部作用，把学习教育的各项工作落细落实。三要始终坚持问题导向。要坚持带着问题学，每个党员特别是领导干部都要对照“五个着力解决”具体要求对号入座，逐条逐项建立台账;要坚持针对问题改，对个性问题要边学边改，对共性问题要专项整治，以解决问题的实际成效让群众看到学习教育带来的新变化。四要把推动作风转变贯穿学习教育始终。要坚持挺纪在前，严格执行八项规定，进一步运用好监督执纪“四种形态”，引导广大党员干部把对党忠诚转化为干事创业的实际行动，切实解决新常态下不能为、不想为、不敢为的问题。五要做到学用结合。要把学习教育与落实新发展理念结合起来，引导党员干部自觉成为公路建养新发展理念的践行者、传播者、推动者;要把学习教育与推动重点工作结合起来，突出抓好工程建设、养护、项目储备、信访稳定和党的建设等工作，全面提升党建和公路事业科学发展水平。

导语：如果每个人都遵守交通规则，步行或骑在路上将会变得更安全。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的相关英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

Every year a lot of people got injured or died in traffic accidents. It is reported that many accidents resulted from people’s breaking of traffic rules. So it is necessary for all to keep the traffic rules in mind and obey them strictly.

When one crosses the street, one should take the crosswalk, underground passage or pedestrian overpass. If one is riding a bike or motorcycle, keep riding on the right side of the road. When the red light is on, please stop and wait until the green light is on. Give a hand signal if one wants to turn or stop. It is important to let the children know that playing on the road is very dangerous. Helping the aged and children cross the road is always a kind deed.If everyone obeys the traffic rules, it will be much safer to walk or ride on the road.

【参考翻译】

每年都有很多人在交通事故中受伤或死亡。据悉，人们违反交通规则造成了许多事故。因此有必要对所有人都把交通规则牢记在心并严格遵守。

当你穿过马路，要走人行横道或过街天桥，地下通道。如果你是骑自行车或摩托车，要骑在路的右边。红灯亮时，请停止并等待绿灯。转弯或停车时要给一个手势。要让孩子们知道，在马路上玩耍是很危险的重要性。帮助老人和小孩过马路是一件好事。如果每个人都遵守交通规则，步行或骑在路上将会变得更安全。

就“说明对象”而言，英语说明文可分为对“客观具体事物”的说明和对“主观抽象观念”的说明两大类，比如：对“LASER（激光）”、“Computer Problem of Year XX（计算机XX年问题）”等等的说明都是对客观或者具体事物的说明，而“The Successful Interview（谈成功的面试）”、“How to Write Good English Composition（如何才能写好英语作文）” 等是对主观抽象观念的说明。对我们中学生朋友来说，在汉语说明文的教学中似乎比较侧重前者，即解释客观具体事物的说明文。但在英语说明文中，阐述和说明 “主观抽象观念”的说明文占了很大的比重，其中有些类似汉语中的议论文。但是无论是对“客观具体事物”的说明还是对“主观抽象观念”的阐述，英语说明文从结构上看大致可分为三个部分：第一部分一般是文章的第一段，提出文章的主题，也就是说，文章想要阐述、说明的主要内容；第二部分是文章的主体，可由若干个段落组成，对文章的主题进行展开说明；第三部分是结尾段，对文章的主题作归纳总结。从英语说明文的结构可以看出，要写好英语说明文的关键在于第二部分如何对文章主题进行展开说明。在英语中，常见的用来展开文章主题的方法有下列几种：

1.罗列法（listing）

在文章开始时提出需要说明的东西和观点，然后常用first，second，…and finally加以罗列说明。罗列法广泛地使用于各类指导性的说明文之中，下面这篇学生作文就是用罗列法写成的：

Early Rising

Early rising （早起） is helpful in more than one way. First， it helps to keep us fit （健康）。 We all need fresh air. But air is never so fresh as early in the morning. Besides， we can do good to our health from doing morning exercise （做早操）。

Secondly， early rising helps us in our studies. We learn more quickly in the morning， and find it easier to remember what we learn in the morning.

Thirdly， early rising enables （使能够） us to plan the work of the day. We cannot work well without a good plan. Just as the plan for the year should be made in the spring， so the plan for the day should be made in the morning.

Fourthly， early rising gives us enough time to get ready for our work， such as to wash our faces and hands and eat our breakfast properly.

Late risers may find it very difficult to form the habit of early rising. They ought to make special efforts to do so. As the English proverb says，“Early to bed and early to rise， makes a man healthy， wealthy and wise.”

罗列法经常用下列句式展开段落，我们可以注意模仿学习：

There are several good reasons why we should learn a foreign language. First of all， …Secondly， …And finally， …

We should try our best to plant more trees for several good reasons First of all， …Secondly， …And finally，

必须指出的是，有时罗列法并不一定有明确的first， second…等词，但文章还是以罗列论据展开的。

2.举例法（examples）

举例法是用具体的例子来说明我们要表达的意思，常用for example， for instance， still another example is…等词语引出。下面这篇学生作文就是用举例法写成的：

Recreation

It is impossible to keep in good health unless we take enough recreation （娱乐）。 The mind， too， needs change to make it fresh and vigorous （有活力的） There is much truth in the old saying， All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.“

There are many games which boys and girls can play after their school work is done， for instance， football， tennis， and kite-flying. Other examples of recreation are boating， fishing， gardening， cycling， walking， chess-playing， and reading. Persons who sit much at their business should take a kind of recreation that will supply their muscles （肌肉） with exercise. Those who spend most of their time in the open air and do manual work （体力活） should adopt （采纳） reading or some other quiet form of recreation.

Cycling is said to be an important means of recreation， but many persons foolishly tire out themselves by cycling too much. The same may be said in regard to football. Tennis is a pleasant form of recreation. Many persons take great delight in boating. Fishing requires much patience， and there is much danger of taking cold by sitting still on a cold day too long. A good brisk （轻松） walk is one of the finest forms of exercise. For persons engaged in outdoor labor， chess-playing is another excellent form of recreation.

可以看出，举例法和罗列法有时可以结合使用：即用罗列法来列出例子，用例子充实罗列的说明。

3.比较法（comparison and contrast）

比较法是对两个对象进行比较，从而进行说明的写作手法。比较法又可细分为比较相同点（comparison）和比较不同点（contrast）两种方法，比如：

From Paragraph to Essay

Although they are different in length （长度）， the paragraph and the essay are quite similar in structure （结构）。 For example， the paragraph starts with either a topic sentence （主题句） or a topic introducer followed by a topic sentence. In the essay， the first paragraph sets up the topic focus （主题所在） Next， the sentences in the body of a paragraph develop the topic sentence. Similarly， the body of an essay consists of a number of paragraphs that discuss and support the ideas given in the introductory （引导的） paragraph. Finally， a concluding sentence （结束句） ——whether a restatement， conclusion， or observation——ends the paragraph. The essay， too， has a concluding paragraph which ends the essay logically and satisfactorily. Although there are some exceptions （例外）， most well written expository （说明文的） paragraphs and essays are similar in structure.

可以看出，在比较相同点的时候，常用到similarly，also，too，in the same case，in spite of the difference等这样的词语。

European Football and American Football

Although European football is the parent of American football， the two games show several major differences. European football， sometimes called association football or soccer， is played in 80 countries， making it the most widely played sport in the world. American football， on the other hand， is popular only in North America （the United States and Canada）。 Soccer is played by eleven players with a round ball. Football， also played by eleven players in somewhat different positions （位置） on the field， is played with an elongated （拉长的） round ball. Soccer has little body contact （接触） between players and therefore needs no special protective equipment. Football， in which players make the greatest use of body contact to stop a running ball-carrier and his teammates， needs special protective equipment. In soccer， the ball is advanced toward the goal by kicking it or by butting （顶） it with the head. In American football， on the other hand， the ball is passed from hand to hand or carried in the hands across the opponents （对手） goal. These are just a few of the features which distinguish （区别） association and American football.

这是一篇用比较不同点的手法写的说明文。从文章中可以看出：however，on the other hand，in contrast，but，nevertheless等表示转折的词语常用来引导对不同点的比较。

4.定义法（definition）

定义法也是英语说明文中常用的写作手法，特别是在对具体事物概念进行说明时经常使用。定义法的基本要素是定义句。英语中常见定义句的模式是：

被定义对象is所属类别+限制性定语

可以看出，定义句中限制性定语越详细，定义就越精确，比如：

A bat is a small mouse-like animal that flies at night and feeds on（以……为食品）fruit and insects but is not a bird.

其实，在英—英词典中，对英语单词的英文解释就是定义法的典型例子。比如，看看Longman词典对student和teacher的定义是很有意思的：A student is a person who is studying at a place of education or training. A teacher is a person who gives knowledge or skill to sb. as a profession （专业）。

5.顺序法（sequence of time， space and process）

顺序法是指按时间、空间或过程的顺序进行说明的一种写作手法。比如按照时间顺序介绍一个科学家的生平，用空间顺序阐述逐渐开发西部的重要意义，用过程顺序法解释葡萄酒的生产过程等等。

下面这篇学生作文就是用顺序法写成的：

Coal

Coal underwent （经受） many changes before it became the bright， brittle （脆的）， black substance which we now use. During ancient times （在上古时代）， when the earth enjoyed a very warm and wet climate， the land was covered with large forests and big plants. As time went on， the ground changed and began to sink （下沉） a little. These very large numbers of trees and vegetables received a deposit （沉淀） of sand and clay. This layer of sand and clay pressed upon the layer beneath and prevented it from contact with air. These trees and plants received the pres sure and changed its appearance.

Generations after generations （几世纪后）， as the ground kept gradually sinking， another layer of sand and clay was again deposited （积聚） above the layers already formed. A great pressure was thus exerted （作用） and the peat （泥煤） was changed into the black and brittle substance which is known as coal.

Coal is a kind of mineral which is formed by nature as above stated. It is an important industrial material and is chiefly used as fuel. It is very valuable in the industrial world. The place where coal deposit is called a coal mine （煤矿）。 In China， coal mines are largely found in the north-west part of the country. Shanxi is a famous province for producing coal. It has the most coal of China.

6.分类法（classification）

分类法是将写作对象进行分类说明的一种写作手法。比如：著名的英国哲学家弗朗西斯·培根（Francis Bacon）在其脍炙人口的《谈读书》（Of Studies）一文中就用到了分类法：

Some books are to be tasted， others to be swallowed， and some few to be chewed and digested， that is， some books are to be read only in parts， others to be read， but not curiously， and some few to be read wholly， and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy， and extracts made of them by others； but that would be only in the less important arguments， and the meaner sort of books…

参考译文：书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之，有只须读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。书亦可请人代读，取其所需摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者……

——转摘自《英汉翻译教程》（张培基等）

可见，如果能够根据具体情况，选用合适的写作手法，就可为文章增添无穷的魅力。

除了上述提到的6种展开英语说明文主题的写作方法之外，还有因果法、归纳法等其他方法。但相比之下，对于中学生来说，上述6种方法是首先值得掌握的。另外必须指出的是：在一篇文章中往往是以一种写作手法为主，同时辅以其他写作手法。有时，甚至会几种写作手法混用而不分主次。因此，必须根据具体情况，选用合适的展开主题的写作手法，才能写出优秀的英语说明文。

写作包括两部分，一是要求在35分钟内写一篇150字左右的短文，二是要求在10分钟内写一个50--60字的便条。这两部分均为命题作文，作文内容与大学生的日常生活、学习都密切相关，另外也有社会热点问题，比如环保、旅游、健身等，题目理解起来都比较容易。

短文写作部分文体为议论文，一般采用三段式的结构，第一段为论点，第二段为论据，第三段为结论。最高要求为文章内容切题，思想表达清楚，论据充分，论证严密，基本无语言错误。要想写好一篇文章，应该注意一下写作步骤：

1.审题：作文评分的第一个要求就是内容切题，因此审题特别关键。专业四级作文都是命题作文，而且多有中文提示或提纲，所以你首先应了解命题的基本要求，理解题目的真正意图，然后确定提纲中的关键词及各要点间的逻辑，整理自己的思路，对自己所想到的内容进行组织和全面安排。尤其对要讨论的问题，该涉及的内容，所需的事实、例证、阐述、说明和总结等，在头脑中形成一个整体的构思。

2.组织段落：构思好之后，根据构思的提纲，运用选好的材料，恰当地运用连词，合理安排段落，使文章条理清楚、内容连贯。段落的组织主要是通过扩展句对主题句的支持或说明来进行的。各段的主题句在审题构思时就应基本形成，主题句确定下来，接着就是通过一系列的扩展句，来说明、论证或阐述主题句的思想。常见的段落展开方法有列举、举例、比较和对比、因果、叙述、归类、下定义等，考试时应灵活运用。

3.修改：也就是说要删除与主题不相干的内容，检查句子时态、语态等。特别应注意单词的正确拼写；字母大小写和标点符号；数的一致性（包括主语与谓语以及名词与其限定语的单复数一致性）；指代关系（包括指代的一致性和代词的选用）；动词形式（时态、语态、语气）等方面。

关于考试过程中短文写作的时间分配问题。我们知道，短文写作的时间为35分钟, 要力争写完写好, 这就要求考生做到有条不紊，忙而不乱，充分发挥自己应有的水平。建议按照如下的方案分配时间: 审题1～2分钟；组织素材, 细节和关键词: 4～5分钟；起草: 20～25分钟；修改定稿: 4～5分钟。

最后要说明的是，从某种意义上来说，专业四级考试作文有其固定的写作格式、结构，而对于固定的题型，有固定不变的表达法。因此，大家有理由相信只要训练方法得当，搞好写作是不难的。大家不妨试试多背范文和常用句型，包括各类型作文的开头、结尾句、中间展开、过渡句，以及比较、图表说明等的常用句型和表达法，然后自己多动笔写一写，只要按这样的方法进行练习，相信在一定时间内就可以在写作上取得满意的分数。因为是三段式作文，写作的时候一定注意第一段提出的论点要简洁明了，开门见山；第二段的论据要能充分说明论点，论证条理清楚；第三段的结论要水到渠成，切忌草率，严谨完整的结尾是取得高分的保证。

便条写作最主要的是注意格式正确，交待清楚，比如请柬、贺信、道歉函等，要注意称呼、正文、签名等的格式，一定要把相关的时间、地点、原因及主要事件内容交待清楚。

Crossing over time, the rapid development of science and technology, now is everywhere on the streets of underpinnings of cars, but at the same time, there was a new kind of hidden danger, the traffic safety.

In recent years, traffic accidents occur frequently, in the final analysis is the traffic safety consciousness is poor. I saw a bus beside us event, hope everybody can abide by the traffic safety, otherwise consequence is unimaginable.

That is fifth grade a noon, the sun baked the earth crazy, waiting for the bus at the station I 9 on a crowded bus, standing in the doorway. There is a, get off at the next stop, together, are in disarray. Many protesters in the bus, the driver cant see the rearview mirror, the car started, a teenager wearing a white coat, suddenly found himself arrived, so three steps and two steps to the door, the car has been slowly moving, he jumped without hesitation, at the moment, the door closed crashed with a clash, the young mans half of the body was stuck, he struggled hard, head and body out, one foot has been caught in the door, another foot caught in the wheel, in this way, he pulled up a dozen meters. Was shocking scene frighten meng I just think of the shout stop. After you get off, tragically, white dress stained with blood, hands, feet, and are broken, more terrible is the other foot caught in the wheel, to get half a day to pull out, the driver immediately called 120...

Traffic safety in our midst, and each of us is closely linked. Persons life is short, let us always remember the lessons of the blood, cherish life, abide by the traffic safety, do a civilized citizen, in this way, the traffic accident will be more and more far from us.

随着时代的跨越，科技的腾飞，现在的大街上到处都是奔流不息的汽车，但于此同时，又出现了一种新的隐患——交通安全。

近几年来，交通事故频频发生，归根结底是人们交通安全意识差。我就亲眼目睹了一次发生在我们身边的公交车事件，希望大家能遵守交通安全，不然后果不堪设想。

那是五年级的一个中午，太阳疯狂的烘烤着大地，在车站等车的我挤上了一辆人山人海的9路车，站在了门口。到了下一站，上、下车的人挤在一起，十分混乱。车里人多喧杂，司机看不见后视镜，车启动时，一名身穿白色上衣的青年突然发现自己到站了，于是三步并两步地走向车门，车已缓缓开动，他毫不犹豫的跳了下去，就在这一瞬间，门咣当一声关上了，那位年轻人的半个身子被卡住了，他使劲挣扎，头和身子出去了，一只脚却被夹在了门里，另一个脚被夹在了车轮里，就这样，他被拖了十来米。被眼前触目惊心的一幕吓蒙的我这才想起了喊停车。下车后，更是惨不忍睹——雪白的衣服上沾满了鲜血，手、脚、都破了，更可怕的是另一只脚被夹在车轮里，弄了半天才拔出来，司机立刻拨打了120……

交通安全就在我们身边，和我们每个人息息相关。人的生命是短暂的，让我们永远铭记血的教训，珍惜生命，遵守《交通安全法》，做一个文明市民，这样，交通事故就会离我们越来越远。

越来越多汽车进入我们的家庭生活，改善了我们的生活，但同时也带来了很多问题，如塞车和车祸，给家庭和社会带来极大的危害。作为中学生，我们应该怎样做呢?

请写一篇有关交通安全的短文(80字左右)

内容包含：

(1)遵守交通规则，如走人行道/过斑马线。

(2)别在街道上或马路上玩耍和踢球。

(3)劝父母不能酒后驾车。

你可以适当增加内容，让短文通顺，过渡自然。

参考词汇：sidewalk 人行道、zebra-crossing 斑马线

注：第一段已给出，不计入总数

范文

With more and more cars coming into our families, we are happy that it has greatly improved our life. But unluckily, it has also brought many problems, such as heavy traffic and traffic accidents。

Traffic safety is everybodys business. We must obey the rules. For example, we must walk on walk side, when we cross zebra – crossing, stop and look right and left, then go across fast. Don’t play football on the road .we can tell our parents not to drink before they drive, not to run through red lights, not to talk and laugh while driving etc。

We can say cars are coming into our life, but only when everybody thinks traffic safety is everybodys business can we be safe driving on roads and walking on sidewalks。

随着越来越多的汽车进入我们的家庭,我们是快乐的,它大大提高了我们的生活。但不巧的是,它也带来了许多问题,如交通拥挤和交通事故。

交通安全是每个人的事。我们必须遵守规则。例如,我们必须走一边走,当我们穿过斑马——穿越,停下来看看左和右,然后快速穿过。不要在马路上踢足球。我们可以告诉我们的父母不开车前喝酒,不要闯红灯,开车时不说话和大笑等。

我们可以说汽车进入我们的生活,但是只有当所有人都认为交通安全是每个人的业务我们可以安全驾驶在道路和人行道上走。

Life only have once, and people often do not pay attention to traffic safety has ruined my life.

In order to cut a lot of people, some do not go sidewalks or not go zebra crossing, dont look at the traffic lights, the rampage; Some in order to save time, resolutely climb over the rail, and the traffic safety of cloud nine. The results...

Now many people, cycling speed is very fast, there seems to be a urgent matter, the elderly, is unimaginable.

One night, I was window to write my homework, feel very tired, leaning in the window to have a rest. Suddenly, a young man, think good, extremely unexpectedly sit bicycle handlebar, not casual. But "it is the unforeseen that always have blessed", positive impact a flying motorcycle, because young people turn when too late, just listen to "bang" to a young man was playing out, head on the concrete, blood all over the floor, unconscious. I am a pain in the heart: a life will disappear in this way? How to call a person not forget!

Hi, do not obey the traffic rules, it is a price to pay, the consequences will be disastrous. "Traffic safety" in your heart, let us consciously abide by traffic rules, in order to avoid the happiness and sadness!

人生命只有一次，而人们往往不注意交通安全断送了自己的生命。

许多人为了抄近路，有的不走人行道或不走斑马线，不看红绿灯，横冲直撞;有的为了节省时间，毅然翻过栏杆,我行我素，此时交通安全抛之九霄云外了。结果……

现在许多人，骑车的速度十分快，好像有十万火急的事，结果车毁人亡，不堪设想。

有一天晚上，我正在窗前写作业，感到十分疲惫，便倚在窗前休息.忽然，一个年青人，自以为车技好，竟然坐自行车不扶车把手，漫不经心.但“天有不测风云，人有旦夕之福”，正面冲一辆飞一般的摩托车，由于年青人来不及时转弯，只听 “砰”地一声年青人被弹出去，头撞在水泥地上，血溅了一地，不省人事.我心里一痛：一个生命就这样消失了?怎叫人不刻骨铭心!

嗨，不遵守交通规则，是要付出代价的，后果将是惨不忍睹的。“交通安全记心中”，让我们自觉遵守交通规则，以免乐及生悲!

Obey the traffic rules that everyone knows, but it happened that some people turn a deaf ear, turn a blind eye. To obey the traffic rules as childs play, in our daily life has a lot of people lost their lives because of an accident, they are in a car crash for no? No, because they do not obey the traffic rules.

In the school the teacher repeatedly not to ride a bicycle, side by side on the road but some students use the teachers words as wake-up, shout to the already thrown to the cloud nine, consequences, it is conceivable. The students must remember: short pleasure, long lament.

I want to tell you is that life is very short, and only once. So, we must redouble cherish life, rather dont love life, will destroy hurt society... Vile indeed. Whether you cherish life, cherish life not, should be correct, it have no then add to encourage.

As the saying goes: Rome was not built in a day, I think as long as we insist, as long as we work hard, you will one day suddenly repentance.

I believe that devastated the "old society" will be gone forever, and of renewal "new society" with the lithe step towards our teenagers coming of the 21st century.

遵守交通规则这人人皆知，可偏偏有一部分人充耳不闻，视而不见。把遵守交通规则当成儿戏，在我们的日常生活中就有不少人因为出车祸而丧失了性命，他们是平白无故出车祸的吗?不是的，是因为他们没有遵守交通规则而导致的。

在学校里老师反复强调在路上不要并排骑自行车，可是有一部分同学就把老师的话当成了耳旁风，呼得一下早已抛到了九霄云外，后果，可想而知。同学们一定要记住：一失足成千古恨。

我要告诉大家的是：生命是万分之短暂，而且只有一次。所以，大家一定要加倍珍爱生命，更确切的说不热爱生命，就会害己害人害社会……百害而无一利。不论你珍爱生命也好，不珍爱生命也罢，都应有则改之，无则加勉。

常言道：冰冻三尺，非一日之寒，我想只要我们坚持，只要我们努力，大家总有一天会豁然悔悟。

我坚信：疮痍满目的“旧社会”将会一去不复返，而万象更新的“新社会”正迈着矫健的步伐向我们21世纪的青少年走来。

Traffic safety and our relationship is very close, it is like our friends. Days and nights are kept at our side, education we, admonish us.

Life is precious, life is only one life, we should cherish life. Pay attention to traffic safety and the value of a part of life. Now because there are too many people in the traffic accident and killed, arent they die too wronged?

Traffic safety, we should keep in mind. More important, is to know the traffic safety common sense: first of all, pedestrians must walk on the pedestrian passageway, no pavement on the right to walk; Cross the road must take crossings (zebra crossing); Through the pedestrian crossing traffic signal control, must abide by the provisions of the signal; Through the no traffic signal control of the pavement and to glance left and right, pay attention to traffic, not chasing, running; When someone line bridge or tunnel crossing the street, you must go to bridge or tunnel pedestrian street; And are not allowed to climb the road guardrail, police in the road, allowed to pull cars on the road, chase cars, or forced lanche parabolic blow cars.

So, under the condition of traffic light, what should you do? Dont try so hard, please see: when the green light to allow pedestrians through the zebra crossing; Green light flashing, no pedestrians entering the crosswalk, but has entered the pedestrian crossing can continue to pass; No pedestrians into the pedestrian crossing when the red light is on.

As long as you take these traffic safety in mind in the heart, then it is your best best friend. It will always protect you, to give you happiness.

交通安全与我们的关系是非常密切的，它就像我们的朋友。日日夜夜都守在我们的身边，教育我们，劝戒我们。

生命是宝贵的，人的一生就只有一次生命，我们应该爱惜生命。注意交通安全也是爱惜生命的一部分。现在因为交通事故而死于非命的人太多了，难道他们不是死的太冤枉了吗?

交通安全，我们应当牢记在心。更主要的，是要知道交通安全常识：首先，行人须在人行通道内行走，没有人行道靠右边行走;穿越马路须走人行横道(斑马线);通过有交通信号控制的人行横道，须遵守信号的规定;通过没有交通信号控制的人行道，要左顾右盼，注意车辆来往，不准追逐，奔跑;有人行过街天桥或地道时，须走人行街天桥或地道;不准爬马路边和路中的护栏、隔离栏，不准在道路上扒车、追车、强行拦车或抛物击车。

那么，有红绿灯的情况下，该怎么办呢?不用着急，请看：绿灯亮时，准许行人通过斑马线;绿灯闪烁时，不准行人进入人行横道，但已经进入人行横道的可以继续通行;红灯亮时，不准行人进入人行横道。

只要你把这些交通安全牢记在心中，那么它便是你最好最好的朋友。它将永远保护着你，带给你幸福。

Traffic "civilization" these four words in our heart is so small, but if you do not take the consequence is very serious! In our one not careful, the life may be under threat. Life is precious, only one time.

Pedestrian crossing morning, we go to school every day, around the eyes will always staring at the vehicle, to avoid the traffic lights and avoided around the vehicle. Dad and mom to take us to go to school in the morning, also want to remind them to "red line and green line" dont be in order to save time and running a red light, this is a bad behavior. May also be involved in a car accident. People make cars, release a tender feeling, make a order; Car to let a person to make a safe, make a understanding. In this world, only people with cars self-effacing each other, as far as possible to avoid the occurrence of traffic accidents, reduce the number of deaths, cherish precious life.

Said last Sunday, my mother and I are walking on the zebra crossing, just then, a motorcycle passed when we inadvertently. My mother and I frightened, around the line of people have also accused the driving lad, says he will bump into peoples doing that. The young man not only dont listen, still pursed mouth, laughter whisper: "to you? This is my own is that meddling!"

After a while, my mother and I found a group of people gathered in the street. When I got into a see just know, just the car bumps into our lad aunt hit a riding a bicycle. The aunt a little injury, listen to what others say, just fly out after the aunt hit a few meters!

The young man on the side, constantly accused him of someone, he blushes for, let others scold him.

“ 文明交通” 这四个字在我们心中是多么渺小，可是如果你不重视，后果也是极其严重的!在我们的一不留神下，生命可能会受到威胁!生命是宝贵的，只有一次。

我们每一天上学，早上过斑马线，眼睛要时时刻刻盯着周围有没有车辆，不要只顾看红绿灯而不看周围车辆。爸爸妈妈早上送我们去上学，也要提醒他们要 “ 红灯行，绿灯行 ” 别为了节省时间而乱闯红灯，这可是一种不良行为。可能还会发生车祸。人让车，让出一片温情，让出一片秩序;车让人，让出一片安全，让出一片理解。在这个世界上，只有人与车互相谦让，才能尽可能地避免交通事故的发生，减少死亡的人数，珍爱宝贵的生命。

就说上个星期天吧，我和妈妈正在斑马线上行走，说时迟那时快，一辆摩托车在我们在不经意间擦肩而过。我和妈妈吓住了，周围的行人们也纷纷指责那个开车的小伙子，说他这样做会撞到人的。那位小伙子不但不听，还撅着嘴，笑声嘀咕： “ 要你们管 ? 这是我自己的是，多管闲事! ”

过了一会儿，我和妈妈在街头发现围着一群人。当我凑进去一看才知道，刚刚那位开车不小心撞到我们的小伙子撞到了一位骑着自行车的阿姨。那位阿姨受了一点伤，听别人说，刚才那位阿姨撞后飞出去几米!

那位小伙子在一旁，不停地有人在旁指责他，他羞红了脸，任凭别人责骂他。

The proposal is from Wang Yuqing, a deputy director of the Committee of Population, Resources and Environment.

He is being quoted as saying he favors a gradual opening of a two-child per family policy, and says he believes the current limitations will be lifted by the end of the five-year plan in 2015.

The current family planning policy was initiated in 1979 to control Chinas rapidly growing population.

But some negative side effects have emerged, including a rapidly aging population.

Peng Xizhe is the Director of the Institute of Population Research at Fudan University.

"The one-child policy has fulfilled the goal initially set. Negative effects will pile up if it continues."

The President of Renmin University, Ji Baocheng, claims the labor force population between the ages of 28 and 40 will be halved in 10 years.

As an example, in Shanghai, which has the highest urban population in China, the number of Shanghai natives -- as in those with a Hukou -- has actually been dropping for the last 17 years in a row, even though the citys population has been increasing.

A possible reason for Shanghai parents not choosing to have a second child could be the rising cost of everyday expenses, particularly the cost of education.

"I dont think Ill have a second child if the limit is removed. Im simply a wage-earner, and I find it difficult enough to raise one child, so I wont consider the second."

But at the same time, there are still people who think it would be nice to have two children.

"I will think about it. A lot of parents now are the only child in families, to have two kids means they can look after each other in the future, and of course, therell be financial burden."

One-Child Policy has been relaxed in certain ways over the years.

In cities such as Shanghai and Beijing, if a couple is both the product of the one-child policy, theyre allowed to have two kids.

Certian ethnic minority groups have been exempt from the rules entirely.

And families in rural areas whose first child is a girl are also allowed to have a second child without punishment.

It remains unclear as to how the proposed two-child policy will work, though its being suggested that several big cities will be selected to try it before its brought in around the country.

For CRI, Im Wang Jing.

要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径

１．问题现状

２．怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点)

In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which iss becoming more and more serious. First, ------------(说明Ａ的现状)．Second, ----------(举例进一步说明现状)

Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.For one thing,---------------(解决方法一). For another-------------(解决方法二). Finally, --------------(解决方法三).

Personally, I believe that -------------(我的解决方法). Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because --------------(带来的好处).

自从学习心理咨询相关知识后，笔者将其知识和技巧应用于解决护患纠纷上，取得了良好效果。

认同患方感受，安抚其情绪护士姐妹们有一个误区：总是站在自己的角度考虑问题，认为自已做得不错，是病人刁难、难侍候，委屈感强，当纠纷发生时总是为自己辩解，导致矛盾升级。其实每一个人都有自尊的需要，当他提出一个问题时，他需要获得尊重、肯定和认同，而当你不给予认同时，他便会因面子上挂不住而加大力度维护自己的观点，有一个作用力便有一个反作用力，于是双方都加强力度竭力为自己辩解，从而导致情绪恶化、越争越凶。

如果患者或家属来找护士的麻烦，肯定是有什么事让其不舒服，是带着情绪来的。因此，首先必须认真倾听对方的讲述，这样既能满足对方倾诉的需要，也便于我们了解事情的原委、问题的大小，思考应对的策略医学|教育网整理搜集。其次是站在对方的角度来看待问题，认同对方的感受，“不管怎样，这件事让你感觉不舒服，我们感到很抱歉”，“这件事给您带来困扰，真是对不起”。经过倾听和认同，其负性情绪基本能安抚下来，这样他才能静下心来听你的解释。

给予合理解释，化解矛盾或误会患者或家属的心情平复了，我们也了解了事情的来龙去脉，有针对性地予以解释，并对其给予关怀和理解，非原则性矛盾基本能化解。

激发患方的高尚情感，取得原谅和理解。护士工作千头万绪、琐碎繁复，其中不免有失误之处、情绪态度欠佳之时，如果能够诚恳地承认错误和不足，一般都能得到谅解。同时我们在此也有一个误区：认为认错就是理亏，对方会得寸进尺。其实不然，没有人能做到十全十美，主动承认自己的某些小的不足，反而会起到抬高自我的作用，对方会发现你勇于承认错误，主动承担责任，谦虚诚实、理解关心他人、善于调整情绪等，从而更加信任和理解，有利于促进护患关系。

总结分析解决纠纷过程，提出改进措施解决护患纠纷后，应进行分析总结，找出失误，并改善工作流程和服务态度，防止类似事件的发生。心理学认为，说理不重要，结果最重要，有效才是硬道理，怎样采取措施和方法达到有效解决护患纠纷的目的才是我们最终所追求的目标。

有的家长很困惑，孩子在写作业时不能一下写完，中间总要做些别的事情，然后再写作业，该怎么办呢？

对于孩子做作业这件事，我觉得有些家长的长按点可能有点偏差了。重要的不是孩子是如何完成作业的，而是最后他完成作业的结果怎样，也就是：总共用了多长时间完成，完成的质量如何。如果孩子最后完成作业的时间并不会耽误他上床睡觉以及其他重要的事情，作业的质量也挺高没有什么差错和毛病，那么，孩子是一次写完，还是分几次写完，其实并没那么重要，不是吗？

但为什么很多家长总觉得孩子就应该一次性写完作业，而不能写写玩玩或者是干点别的什么呢？原因就在于，我们成人总觉得，凡事一次性集中做完，这叫专注，这样才有效率。

事实真的是这样吗？我想，以下3个真正的事实，才是家长们最应该去了解和注意的。

第一，孩子注意力的集中时间本身就是有限的。

年龄越小的孩子专注时间越短，心理学家的研究表明，在良好的环境下，3岁孩子能集中注意3-5分钟，4岁能集中5-10分钟，5-6岁约为10-15分钟，7-10岁时约为15-20分钟，10-12岁时约为20-30分钟，12岁以上能超过30分钟。

第二，注意力集中时间长短受到很多因素的影响。

同一年龄段的孩子，注意不同的事物，也会有差别。就算是同一个孩子，在不同的环境下，对待不同的事情，注意力时间也是不一样的。

因为注意分为主动注意和被动注意，学习、写作业通常属于主动注意，是件“费神、费劲”的事情，它需要孩子主动、持续地注意自己也许并不感兴趣的目标，而看电视、玩新奇的游戏等则是不需要“费劲”的，主要是被动注意在起作用，所以能“坚持”很久。所以，越是费神的、不感兴趣的事情，孩子的注意力集中时间就会相应越短。

第三，按照自己的习惯和节奏做事的孩子效率才会更高。

当孩子无法让自己继续集中注意力的时候，该怎么办？最好的办法当然是先暂停，先去休息或者放松一下，等恢复状态了再继续，效率反倒更高，否则，一直强迫自己疲劳的神经，保持表面的所谓“注意力集中”，但其实脑子根本转不动，作业自然也不可能做得好。

所以你就应该理解了，为什么孩子“中间总要做些别的事情，然后再写作业”，其实很可能就是他自我调节的一种方式而已。就像你工作困了可能会去喝杯咖啡提提神，也可能会趴着或者闭上眼睛小休一会，原理都是一样的。

每个人做事的习惯和节奏是不一样的，人只有在按照自己最习惯最舒服的方式去做事时，效率才会更高。有的孩子习惯一气呵成写完作业，有的孩子就是习惯写写玩玩或者是干点别的什么让自己可以更放松更高效，这都不是什么原则性的大问题。

所以，你最需要做的事情，首先就是尽量激发孩子的学习兴趣，营造良好的家庭学习氛围；其次，是和孩子商定好最后完成作业的时间，比如最迟晚上几点之前一定要完成。具体的时间节奏尽量让他自己安排，是先写作业还是先玩或者干别的，这个不用强制。定好规则，如果他贪玩过了时间没写完，就不能继续再写，第二天自己去面对老师的批评，自己承担结果，慢慢孩子自然就知道要更合理地抓紧时间了。

当然，考虑到孩子在正式的上课和考试等场景下，是需要更长时间地集中注意力的，所以，你可以适当长按下孩子间隔的频率和时间长短，以及具体做的都是哪些事情，是不是都在正常范围内。

比如一个10岁的孩子每过5分钟就要停下来玩一下，显然就有点频率太高了。喝点水、上个洗手间、翻翻其他的书、玩个玩具、听会音乐等，都是正常的放松调节方式，通常只要不超过10分钟一般都不是什么问题。但如果孩子中间停下来玩上几十分钟的游戏或者玩具之类，那就需要适当加以干预和引导了。

无论怎样，干预时一定注意你的沟通方式，不要老是简单粗暴催催催，越催孩子只会越反感越不想写作业。你可以关心地问问他是不是累了，或者是不是作业比较难，有没有需要帮助支持的地方。最后和孩子商讨定个目标，如果能在多少分钟内写完，就可以早点去玩，或者去做点其他自己喜欢的事情等，来推动孩子自己去逐步控制中间休息的频率和长短，最终达到提高整体速度的目的。要注意的是，这个目标的时间长度也是要逐步递减的，不要一下子定得太高，比如一开始可能是100分钟写完，每周加快5分钟，最后缩短到60分钟内写完。

We all known that reading should focus on method, but what methods are good for reading? Firstly, the difficulty of the book you read should be moderate. Too difficult or too easy are not so good.

If you find a book is too difficult to read, just put it aside and find an easier one instead. Secondly, read the books that are beneficial for you, which can help you in your career as well as in life. Thirdly, for those simple books or those without deep meanings, you can scan over them, but for those meaningful and beneficial, you should read them intensively and remember to take notes.

Finally, dont be shy to ask questions, because anyone could be your teacher. These approaches are general ones and each of you should have your own reading methods that make your reading fruitful.

要学好写英语短文，就必须经常练习写作。记日记是提高书面表达能力的有效方法之一。日记是每日生活的记载，是一种记事文体。

一、日记的格式

英文日记通常由书端和正文两个部分组成。日记常以第一人称记下当天生活中的所见、所闻、所做或所想的事情。中、英文的日记三格式大致一样。英语日记的书端 是专门写日记的日期、星期和天气的。左上角是日期(年、月、日)、星期。右上角写上当天的天气情况， 如：Sunny，Fine，Rainy，Windy，Snowy，Cloudy等。

1、日期表达有多种形式。年、月、日都写时，通常以月、日、年为顺序，月份可以缩写，日和年用逗号隔开。例如：

A)September 1，2004或September 1st，2004也可省略写成Sept. 1，2004或Sept. 1st，2004;the 1st of September in 2004(月份不可以缩写)

B)只有月、日：September 1或September 1st(月份可以缩写)

C)只有年、月：September 2004或the September of 2004(月份不可以缩写)

以上的1或1st都应读作the first.

2、星期也可以省略不写，可将其放在日期前或后，星期和日期之间不用标点，但要空一格，星期也可缩写。如：

Saturday，October 22nd，2004;October 22nd，2004 Saturday

3.天气情况必不可少。天气一般用一个形容词如：Sunny，Fine，Rainy，Snowy 等表示。写在日期之后，用逗号隔开，位于日记的右上角。如：

Saturday，March 4，2004，Windy;1st January，2004，Fine

二、日记的要求

日记的正文是日记的主要部分，写在星期和日期的正下方，可以顶格写，也可以内缩3至5个字母的空间。由于记载的内容通常已经发生，谓语动词多用一般过去 时。但也可根据具体情况，用其它时态。如：记叙天气、描写景色，为了描写生动，可以使用现在时，以表现当时的情景。再如文后发表感想或评论可用现在时态或 将来时态。记日记力求简单明了，有连贯性。若有文字提示，则应重视提示，把握要点。在句式上尽量使用简单句，以防繁杂，造成语法、句型错误。

三、日记的类型和训练

日记分为记事型、议论型、描写型和抒情型。建议大家在学习写日记的过程中，可按以下步骤进行：

①将一天所经历的主要事情和过程依次简要地记下来，不附加任何感情色彩，这是最简单的记日记的方法;

②阅读别人的日记，并利用所学过的句型来表达个人在一天中观察到的或感受到的事情。

「范文与点评」

March 12th，2003，Tuesday Sunny (Fine)

Today is Tree Planting Day. At 7∶30 in the morning，all the students in our class met at the school gate. We walked to the park. Miss Gao and other teachers went and worked with us. All the students worked very hard，and we planted about 200 trees. Though we were dirty and tired，we still felt very happy.

这是一篇记叙型的日记。结构严谨，中心突出，有选择地记录当天的见闻(人或事)，并加以分析和评论。

We Should Follow Traffic Rules

我们应该遵守交通规则

In order to keep the road orderly and people safe,everyone should follow traffic rules.

为了保持交通秩序和人们的安全,人人都应该遵守交通规则.

The walkers should look carefully both left and right when they are crossing the roads.When people are driving,they should wear a seat belt.Drivers are not allowed to drive after drinking.They must stop when the lights are red.Many people take buses.They should wait in line,and follow the rule "First get off,then get on".

行人在穿马路时,应该人真的看看左右.当人们开车时要系上安全带,酒后不能开车,见到红灯必须停下来.许多人乘公共汽车,他们应该排队,并遵守“先下后上”的原则.

If everyone follows the traffic rules,there will be fewer traffic accidents.

如果人人都能遵守交通规则,交通事故就会少多了.