托福写作高分短语句型（最新20篇）

Unit Three

Prisoners of War?

Thousands of war prisoners were kept in captivity in the bulky camp. They lived in clutter and had to deal with chore. They must show categorical obedience or else receive caustic chiding. The guarding officers censure them very often, as well as clamoring carnal punishments. Some captives got bruise and clots all over. Male prisoners lost their collaterals and female ones fail to keep chaste.??

They wear burnished canvas, and rested in circumscribed room with small capacity and caliber. They chafe each other and brawled frequently. They were chary of moving and can hardly budge. Their situations captivated lots of reporters, who castigated the government with cogent proof. However, the government gave bombastic data and bragged about the conditions in the camps.??

After the calamity of war ceased, large numbers of captives were longing for the boon of brisk free life. According to a clandestine bond between the two canny governments, a process of exchanging captives will soon commence. This is considered as opening a cleft in the clogged wall between the two countries.

第三次课：分词在句子中的用法

教学目标： 使学生初步了解及在句子使用分词

教学内容：

一、 动名词及不定式作业讲解

二、分词

现在分词和过去分词两种。

作为谓语，现在分词和be 一起构成进行时；过去分词和be一起构成被动语态，和have一起构成完成时。

例如：

I am reading a novel by Maupassant. 我正在看一本莫泊桑写的小说。（现在分词和be 一起表示主语正在进行的动作。）

Mr. Robinson has drunk five glasses of wine already. 鲁宾逊先生已经喝了五杯酒了。（过去分词和have 一起表示主语已经完成的动作。）

The gold fish bowl was broken by Xiao Tao just now. 金鱼缸刚才被小陶打破了。（过去分词和be 一起表示主语是动作的承受者。）

作为非谓语形式，分词可用作形容词和副词，在句子中充当定语、表语、补语和状语。但它仍保持动词的一般特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语。分词和自己的宾语、状语构成分词短语。 现在分词有一般式和完成式。它的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的行为或存在的状态；它的完成式（having + 过去分词）表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作或存在的状态。

现在分词有主动语态和被动语态(being + 过去分词)。

过去分词只有一般式，表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。过去分词（及物动词）本身可以表示被动的含义，因而没有别的被动形式。

例如：

Having failed three times, he didn’t want to try again. (=As he had failed three times, he didn’t want to try again.) 他失败了三次，不想再干了。（having failed 表示发生在前的动作）

Walking along the sands, Crusoe saw in the sand the mark of a man’s foot. (=While he was walking along the sands, Crusoe?) 克鲁索沿着沙滩走的时候，看见沙上有人的脚印。（walking 表示同时发生的动作）

The question being discussed seems important. (=The question is being discussed. It seems important.) 正在讨论的问题似乎很重要。

The old days are gone. 旧时代一去不复返了。（gone 表示完成的状态）

I had my hair cut yesterday. 我昨天理发了。（cut 是及物动词的过去分词，表示“被人理发”。） 分词的否定形式是在分词短语前面加上not, never等否定词构成。

例如：

Not fearing the fire, the child touched and got a finger burnt. 小孩儿不知道怕火，用手去摸，把手指烫了。

Not knowing how to find the subway, I asked a policeman for help. 我不知道怎样找到地铁，就去找警察帮忙。

（一）现在分词和过去分词的区别

（1）在语态上现在分词表示主动的意思，表示它所修饰的人或物的行为；及物动词的过去分词表示被动的意思，表示它所修饰的人或物是动作的承受者。换言之，现在分词是它修饰

的成分所作出的动作，过去分词是它修饰的成分所承受的动作。

例如：

convincing facts 有说服力的事实 / convinced audience 被说服了的听众

the exploiting class 剥削阶级 / the exploited class被剥削阶级

a frightening dog一条让人害怕的狗 / a frightened dog一条被吓坏了的狗

driving gears主动齿轮 / driven gears从动齿轮

（2）在时间上，现在分词往往表示动作正在进行，过去分词表示动作已完成。

例如：

the rising sun (正在升起的太阳) / the risen sun（升起的太阳）

the falling rain（正在下的雨）/ the fallen leaves（落下的树叶）

stolen money（被盗的钱/偷来的钱）/ill-gotten wealth（不义之财）

a high-flying kite（高飞的风筝）

再看一些例子：

boiling water 沸腾的水/boiled water 开水/developing countries 发展中国家/developed countries 发达国家/an exciting story 令人激动的故事/ excited people 激动的人们

（2）在时间上，现在分词往往表示动作正在进行，过去分词表示动作已完成。

再看一些例子：

surprising news令人惊讶的消息/a surprised man受惊吓的人/an inspiring leader具有号召力的领袖/the inspired soldiers受到鼓舞的士兵/a delighted speech令人高兴的演说/the delighted audience(感到)高兴的听众/a moving film动人的电影/the moved children受到感到的孩子们/a box containing tea装茶叶的盒子/the tea contained in a box装在盒里的茶叶/ falling snow正在下的雪/fallen snow box落在地上的雪

（3）做表语时的不同。现在分词做表语表示主语所具有的特征，意思是“令人如何”。过去分词多表示主语所处的状态，意思是“感到如何”。

例如：

His lecture is disappointing。I’m disappointed。他的演讲令人失望。我感到失望。

We are surprised to hear the news。The news is surprising。我们听到那消息吃了一惊。那消息令人吃惊。

The situation is encouraging。 We’re encouraged。形式使人鼓舞。我们感到鼓舞。

常用的还有：amusing/amused，astonishing/astonished，disappointing/disappointed，exciting/excited，frightening/frightened，interesting interested，moving/moved， relaxing/relaxed，satisfying/satisfied，shocking/shocked，surprising/surprised，terrifying/terrified，tiring/tired，worrying/worried等等。

（4）做状语的区别，分词短语在句中可做时间、原因、方式、伴随状语。现在分词的动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生、意思是主动的。而过去分词的动作在谓语动作之前发生、意思是被动的。

例如：

Seeing nobody at home，she decided to leave them a note。看到没人在家，她决定给他们留个条。(主动意义，几乎同时)

The secretary worked late into the night，preparing a speech for the president。秘书工作到晚上很晚，给总统准备一篇演说。(主动意义，同时)

Tired of the noise，he closed the window。对噪音感到厌烦，所以他把窗户关上。(被动意义，

在谓语之前)

Deeply moved，she thanked me again and again。她深深地受了感动，再三谢我。(被动意义，在谓语之前)

Persuade by my mother，she gladly went there alone。在我母亲劝说下，她才高兴地独自去那里。(被动意义，在谓语之前)

如果现在分词的动作在谓语动作之前发生，现在分词要用完成形式，但意思仍然是主动的。 例如：

Having watered the vegetables，they began to pick up the Apples。=After they had watered the vegetables，they began to pick up the apples。他们浇完了蔬菜之后就开始摘苹果。 Having finished the work，he packed his tools and left。完工后，他收拾起工具走了。 分词做状语时，前面可用连词或介词。

例如：

After eating my dinner quickly，I went to see Jim off。我赶快吃过晚饭就去给吉姆送行。 Though built before the Second World War，the engine is still in good condition。尽管是在二战以前建的，这引擎仍然处于良好状态。

Unless paying by credit card，please pay in cash。如果不用信用卡付款，请用现金付。 Tom will never do this unless compelled。汤姆永远也不会干这种事，除非被逼无奈。 She’s been quite different since coming back from America。从美国回来后，她大变了。

（二）用法

1．作定语。作定语的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前。如果被修饰的词是something，anything，everything，nothing等，则分词放在这些词之后。分词短语通常放在被修饰的名词之后。

例如：

This is an interesting book。(=This is a book。It is interesting。)这是一本有趣的书。

There is something interesting in the news。(=There is something in the news。 It is interesting。)消息中有些有趣的事。

The man sitting by the window is our math teacher。(=The man who is sitting by the window is our math teacher。)靠窗户坐着的那个人是我们的数学老师

The machine run by the old worker is made in Shanghai。(=The machine that is run by the old worker is made in Shanghai。)那位老工人开的机器是上海造的。

Most of students singing were girls。(=Most of the students who were singing?)唱歌的学生多数是女生。

Many of the villagers questioned refused to answer。(=Many of the villagers who were questioned?)被问的许多村里人都拒绝。

注意：（1）分词作定语与动名词作定语的区别：

分词和它所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主、谓关系。动名词则没有这种关系，而表示它所修饰的词的用途或有关动作。

现在分词 动名词

A sleeping child(a child who is sleeping)正在睡觉的孩子 A sleeping car(a car for sleeping)卧车

A flying bird(a bird that is flying)飞鸟 A flying course(a course for flying)飞行课程

A swimming girl(a girl who is swimming)游泳的女孩 A swimming pool(a pool for swimming)游泳池

The running water(the water that is running)流水 The running track(the track for running)跑道 现在分词和它所修饰的名词都要重读，动名词所修饰的名词则不必重读。

（2）现在分词作定语时，它表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生(或差不多同时发生)。

例如：

Who is the boy dancing over there？在那儿跳舞的少年是谁呀?

The girls swimming in the sea were in danger。 在海里游泳的姑娘们有危险。

如果两个动作在时间上有先后，一般不能用现在分词作定语，而往往用主从复合句结构。 例如：

The man who has gone to Shanghai will be back again。到上海去的那个人会回来的。

The teacher wants to talk to the students who smashed the windows。老师要找打破了窗子的那个学生谈话。

（3）be的现在分词being不能用作定语(可用作状语或被动语态中的助动词)。表示这种概念时，也用主从复合句结构。

例如：

He has a brother who is a worker。他有一个当工人的兄弟。

2、作状语。分词和分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、行为方式等意义。表示时间和原因的分词短语相当于对应的状语从句。

例如：

Seeing the teacher entering the room，the students stood up。(=When the students saw the teacher entering the room，They stood up。)学生们看见老师走进房间，都站了起来。 (时间)

Heated，the Metal expands。 (=The metal expands if /when it is heated。)金属受热而膨胀。(条件、时间)

Being excited，I couldn’t go to sleep。(=As I was excited ，I couldn’t go to sleep。)我兴奋得睡不着觉。(原因)

Being a student，he was interested in sports。(=As he was a student，he was interested in sports。) 他是个学生，所以对体育运动感兴趣。(原因)

Inspired by Dr.Yang’s speech，Li Hua and his classmates decided to study physics harder。(=As they were inspired by Dr.Yang’s speech，Li Hua and his classmates decided to study physics harder。)李华和他的同学们受到杨博士讲话的鼓舞，决定更加努力学习物理。 (原因) The children went away laughing。=The children went away。They laughed as they went。孩子们笑着走开了。(行为方式)

The professor stood there，surrounded by many students。(=The professor stood there。He was surrounded by many students。)教授站在那里，许多学生围着他。(行为方式)

While reading the newspaper，father nodded from time to time。(=While he was reading the newspaper，father nodded from time to time。)看报时，父亲不时地点头。(时间)(分词前，可加表示时间的连词while或when。)

3、作宾语补足语。

例如：

Can you get the machine going again？你能使机器再动起来吗？

You should have your hair cut。你该理发了。

I saw him coming last night。我昨天晚上看见他来了。

4、作表语。

例如：

The film is very moving。这部影片很感人。

Your homework is well done。你的作业做得好。

The visitors looked surprised.参观者看上去很惊讶。

The boys were seen walking on the grass。有人看见孩子们在草地上散步。

5、作句子独立成分（分词有自己的逻辑主语时，称为独立主格结构。）

例如：

Flags flying，the army men marched in the streets。旗帜飘扬，军队在街上行进。

All his ribs broken，he lay half dead。他的肋骨全部折断，半死不活地躺着。

分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果不一致，必须用独立主格结构来表示，也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。

My wife had a long talk with Sally, explaining why she didn’t want the children to play together我妻子与莎莉谈了很长时间，解释她为什么不想让孩子们在一起玩。(现在分词explaining是句子主语my wife做的动作，它们之间是主动关系)

Given more attention，the trees could have grown better。如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。(过去分词given表示的动作是句子主语the trees承受的动作，它们之间是被动关系)

We explored the caves，Peter acting as guide。我们到那山洞探险，彼得做向导。 (独立主格) The train having gone，we had to wait another day。分词短语做状语时，前面可以加上连词或介词，但是分词短语和句子之间不能用并列连词(如but，and)，因为并列连词接的是两个并列成分，而分词短语只是全句的一个状语部分。分词和主句之间可用逗号。

例如：

误：Having been told many times，but he still couldn’t understand it。

正：He was told many times, but he still couldn’t understand it。

注意：（1）分词作状语时，逻辑主语即句子的主语;否则要用从句或独立主格结构来表示。 例如：

Looking out of the window，I saw lots of people there。(=When I looked out of the window，I saw lots of people there。)

我往窗外一看，看见那儿有许多人。 (looking out of the window的逻辑主语，就是句子的主语I。)

（2）在see，hear，watch，notice等动词后，用动词不定式作宾语补语，通常表示(强调)动作从开始到结束的全过程。如果用现在分词作宾语补语，则通常表示动作正在进行。 例如：

We sat two hours and watched the teacher make the experiment。我们坐了两个小时，看老师做实验。(两小时一直在看老师做实验)

We passed by the classroom and saw the teacher making the experiment。我们走过教室，看见老师在做实验。(只是在走过教宰的一刹那间，看见老师正存做实验)

I saw him enter the room, unlock a drawer, take out a document, photograph it and put it back。我看见他走进房间，打开抽屉，拿出一份文件，拍了照又放回去(表示一个接一个的一系列动作的全过程时，用动词不定式。

托福独立写作素材

摘要：同学们在备考的时候，常有这样的问题，托福独立写作素材源何而来怎么才能写一篇高分的托福作文呢下面我们一起看看下面文章。

大部分考生在托福写作练习时举步维艰。一个主要疑问就是觉得自己写的文章不够有特点，不够有意思，不够深奥。由此引发出的一个现象就是学生不敢写自己立刻就想到的，最贴近生活的内容，而总是想着如何创新。这种两难境地大到开遍布局，小到措辞举例。无处不在。

内容源自生活

在托福写作取材时，你可以选择自己的生活经验，阅历体验，价值观念，喜好与厌恶等等。这些源自生活的感想和经历，说出来别人可以立刻明白，而且不会觉得枯燥无聊。

其内容本身并没有什么晦涩难懂的，有意思的地方是即便很平常，它也是你没接触过的生活与思维方式。这样的内容给了读者一次机会去以另外一个个体的视角来审视、理解、解释世界。如果我们能就此写出用意思又有特点的作文并不是一件难事。

和所有的艺术创作是一样。灵感的开始一定源自身边的事情，但如何叙述事件，如何表达其中思想，如何将其链接到文章其它部分，是需要特别花功夫研究和联系的。

若想最说服别人认同某个观点，必须最有效的传递一种体验，若想传递一种体验，则必须最生动的还原一个场景。

例如，某篇文章开头翻译后大致如下：“你有没有曾经在烈日下等过一个小时的公交车你有没有在交通堵塞的时候滞留在车上，被困在所有人的汗水与气味之中你有没有在雨水湿透全身的时候却找不到一辆计程车如果你有任何这样的经历，你就不会奇怪为什么我最想改变的是我家乡的公共交通设施。”

这篇文章的开头最大的特点有二。第一，其内容绝对源自生活，没有什么晦涩之处。但他要是不说到这些点，读者也未必能想到。这一提立刻把读者拽到“境”中。第二，在描写上，该文章还是下了一些文章的。它尽量避免一些抽象的词，比如令人不悦的、不舒服的、热的、难过的，而选择使用汗水、雨水，而且是“所有人”的。种种细节起到了一个绝好的效果。这就是英文中的“移情”作用，这个方法是写出好作文的一大有效手段。

1. In general, I don’t agree with

2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water。

3. The chief reason why… is that…

4.There is no true that…

5. It is not true that…

6. It can be easily denied than…

7. We have no reason to believe that…

8. What is more serious is that…

9. But it is pity that…

10. Besides, we should not neglect that…

11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore…

12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that…

13. Perhaps I was question why…

14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to…

15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but

16. What seems to be the trouble is…

17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that…

18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that…

19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that…

20. What these people fail to consider is that…

21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that …

22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too。

23. The advantages of B are much greater than A。

24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration。

英语写作想要拿高分，经典的句型不可少。下面是语文迷整理的8种英语句型，供大家阅读参考。

一.开头句型

1.As far as ...is concerned 就……而言

2.It goes without saying that... 不言而喻，...

3.It can be said with certainty that... 可以肯定地说......

4.As the proverb says， 正如谚语所说的，

5.It has to be noticed that... 它必须注意到，...

6.Its generally recognized that... 它普遍认为...

7.Its likely that ... 这可能是因为...

8.Its hardly that... 这是很难的......

9.Its hardly too much to say that... 它几乎没有太多的说…

10.What calls for special attention is that...需要特别注意的是

11.Theres no denying the fact that...毫无疑问，无可否认

12.Nothing is more important than the fact that... 没有什么比这更重要的是…

13.whats far more important is that... 更重要的是…

二.衔接句型

1.A case in point is ... 一个典型的例子是...

2.As is often the case...由于通常情况下...

3.As stated in the previous paragraph 如前段所述

4.But the problem is not so simple. Therefore 然而问题并非如此简单，所以……

5.But its a pity that... 但遗憾的是…

6.For all that...对于这一切...... In spite of the fact that...尽管事实......

7.Further, we hold opinion that... 此外，我们坚持认为，...

8.However , the difficulty lies in...然而，困难在于…

9.Similarly, we should pay attention to... 同样，我们要注意...

10.not(that)...but(that)...不是，而是

11.In view of the present station.鉴于目前形势

12.As has been mentioned above...正如上面所提到的…

13.In this respect, we may as well (say) 从这个角度上我们可以说

14.However, we have to look at the other side of the coin, that is... 然而我们还得看到事物的另一方面，即 …

三.结尾句型

1.I will conclude by saying... 最后我要说…

2.Therefore, we have the reason to believe that...因此，我们有理由相信…

3.All things considered,总而言之 It may be safely said that...它可以有把握地说......

4.Therefore, in my opinion, its more advisable...因此，在我看来，更可取的是…

5.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that….通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论…

6.The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that….通过数据我们得到的结论是，....

7.It can be concluded from the discussion that...从中我们可以得出这样的结论

8.From my point of view, it would be better if...在我看来……也许更好

四.举例句型

1.Lets take...to illustrate this.2.lets take the above chart as an example to illustrate this.3. Here is one more example. 4.Take … for example. 5.The same is true of….6.This offers a typical instance of….7.We may quote a common example of….8.Just think of….

五.常用于引言段的句型

1. Some people think that …. 有些人认为…To be frank, I can not agree with their opinion for the reasons below. 坦率地说，我不能同意他们的意见，理由如下。

2. For years, … has been seen as …, but things are quite different now.多年来，……一直被视为……，但今天的情况有很大的不同。

3. I believe the title statement is valid because…. 我认为这个论点是正确的，因为…

4. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that ….我无法完全同意这一观点的… I believe….

5. My argument for this view goes as follows.我对这个问题的看法如下。

6. Along with the development of…, more and more….随着……的发展，越来越多…

7. There is a long-running debate as to whether….有一个长期运行的辩论，是否…

8. It is commonly/generally/widely/ believed /held/accepted/recognized that….它通常是认为…

9. As far as I am concerned, I completely agree with the former/ the latter.就我而言，我完全同意前者/后者。

10. Before giving my opinion, I think it is essential to look at the argument of both sides.在给出我的观点之前，我想有必要看看双方的论据。

六 表示比较和对比的常用句型和表达法

1. A is completely / totally / entirely different from B.2. A and B are different in some/every way / respect / aspect.3. A and B differ in…. 4. A differs from B in….5. The difference between A and B is/lies in/exists in….6. Compared with/In contrast to/Unlike A, B….7. A…, on the other hand,/in contrast,/while/whereas B….8. While it is generally believed that A …, I believe B….9. Despite their similarities, A and B are also different.10. Both A and B …. However, A…; on the other hand, B….11. The most striking difference is that A…, while B….

七 演绎法常用的句型

1. There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones.有几个原因……，但一般，他们可以归结为三个主要的。

2. There are many factors that may account for…, but the following are the most typical ones.有许多因素可能占...，但以下是最典型的。

3. Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.有很多方法可以解决这个问题，但下面的可能是最有效的。

4. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.一般来说，这些优势可以列举如下。

5. The reasons are as follows.

八 因果推理法常用句型

1.Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot. 2. If we read the book, we would learn a lot. 3. We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, weve learned a lot. 4. As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, weve learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。

5. The cause of/reason for/overweight is eating too much.6.Overweight is caused by/due to/because of eating too much.7. The effect/consequence/result of eating too much is overweight. 8. Eating too much causes/results in/leads to overweight. 吃太多导致超重。

英语写作过程中我们经常会用到一些短语，下面请看语文迷整理的高级英语短语，希望对你有帮助。

1. feel frustrated (挫折的)/ discouraged

2. a precious (宝贵的) experience

3. raise / arouse the awareness of …

4. acquire knowledge and skills学习知识和技能

5. a growing /increasing tendency

6. have a desire for sth / to do sth

7. put sth into practice

8. be closely related to…与…息息相关

9. be essential to sb 对某人来说必不可少

10. in a society with more competitions and challenges / in a competitive society

11. be keen on… 热衷于…

12. broaden one’s horizons开阔眼界

13. a large variety of / a wide range of …

14. make one’s dream come true

15. lay a solid/firm/stable foundation for/in…为…/在…方面打下坚实的基础

16. listen to teachers attentively

17. make a practical plan

18. motivate sb to do sth

19. bury oneself into study埋头学习

20. our determination and efforts

21. express my gratitude to her sincerely

22. be strict with sb in sth

23. achieve the final victory

24. encounter/face some difficulties

25. neglect the disadvantages

26. With the great efforts we’ve made, …

27. enhance/improve his ability of singing

28. be optimistic about

29. hold the strong belief that…

30. I’m confident / I’m convinced that…

31. with iron will and perseverance

32. pursue one’s dream 追逐梦想

33. arouse one’s passion for…唤起对…的热情

34. resist the temptation of good food

35. change one’s original mind

36. spare no effort to do sth 不遗余力做…

37. redouble one’s effort 加倍努力

38. leave a deep impression on sb

39. turn to sb for help / advice

40. relieve/lessen/reduce/ease one’s burden

41. with time going by=as time goes by

42. cherish/treasure/value our lives

43. vary from person to person

44. a boarding school 寄宿制学校

45. What surprised me most was that…

46. cause severe consequences(后果)

47. pay their tuition/school fees/schooling

48. physically and mentally

49. Some in favor of it think that…., while others are against it, holding the opinion that…

50. Success stems from hard work as it can help us accomplish the goal we’re striving for.

51. establish a special fund to help the poor

52. its negative aspect/impact is also obvious.

1)We have (take) pleasure in informing you that......

兹欣告你方......

2)We have the pleasure of informing you that......

兹欣告你方.....

3)We are pleased (glad) to inform you that......

兹欣告你方......

4)Further to our letter of yesterday, we now have (the) pleasure in informing you that......

续谈我方昨日函, 现告你方......

5)We confirm telegrams/fax messages recently exchanged between us and are pleased to say that......

我方确认近来双方往来电报/传真,并欣告......

6)We confirm cables exchanged as per copies (cable confirmation) herewith attached.

我方确认往来电报,参见所附文本.

7)We learn from Messrs......that you are interested and well experienced in ......business, and would like to establish business relationship with us.

我方从...公司获悉,你方对...业务感兴趣且颇有经验,意欲与我方建立业务关系.

8)Although no communication has been exchanged between us for a long time, we trust that you are doing well in business.

虽然久未通讯,谅你方生意兴隆.

9)Although we have not heard from you for quite some time, we hope your business is progressing satisfactorily.

虽然好久没接到你方来信,谅业务进展顺利.

10)We have pleasure in sending you our catalog, which gives full information about our various products.

欣寄我方目录,提供我方各类产品的详细情况。

11)We are pleased to send you by parcel post a package containing...

很高兴寄你一邮包内装...

12)We have the pleasure in acknowledging the receipt of your letter dated...

欣获你方...月...日来信.

13)We acknowledge with thanks the receipt of your letter of...

谢谢你方...月...日来信.

14)We have duly received your letter of ...

刚刚收悉你方...月...日来信.

15)We thank you for your letter of ...contents of which have been noted.

谢谢你方...月...日来信,内容已悉.

16) Refering to your letter of ......we are pleased to ....

关于你方...月...日来信,我们很高兴...

17) Reverting to your letter of ...we wish to say that...

再洽你方...月...日来信,令通知...

18)In reply to your letter of ...,we...

兹复你方...月...日来函,我方...

19) We wish to refer to your letter of ...concerning

现复你方...月...日关于...的来信

20) In compliance with the request in your letter of ... we...

按你方...月...日来函要求,我方...

如何让托福作文的"例子"更生动：要想使托福作文逻辑更缜密，更加具有说服力，我们需要在托福作文中添加一些例子以支持自己的论点，然而，有些同学却不能很好的把例子融入托福作文中去，不是干巴巴的讲两句，就是把那些用滥了的例子再炒一遍。这样的托福作文，是不可能取得高分的。那， ，如何选择高分例子？如何在托福写作中更好的添加例子？

在备考托福写作的过程中，不少拿不到写作高分的中国学生遇到的问题不是看不懂题目，也不是想不到理由，甚至也不是写不到300字(有学生写了470字，却只得了fair)，而是不会论证。不会论证这四个字几乎就是托福写作的死穴。ETS的考官们在OG中反复强调fully developed的重要性，说的也就是这个理儿。论证的主要方法有直接论证、举例子、引用他人观点和数据等等。在这里，最适合中国学生操作，也是最容易得高分的就是举例子了。

然而，举例子这个方法向来不为中国学生所重视。因为对于大多数学生来说，举例子实在是太容易不过了，只要写上for example之类的提示词，再写上人尽皆知的诸如Einstein， Newton之类的例子就万事大吉了。而事实上，这样的例子考官早已经看过成百上千遍了，怎么可能再给高分呢?

因此，要想举出高分的例子，最好是写两种例子：

1)美国人所熟知的历史、文化的例子，但一定要有一些新意，不是讲烂了的Galileo， Mother Teresa之流

2)讲自己身边的故事。

若是考生能够选用第一种例子，用得恰当的话自然能让考官眼前为之一亮。例如在讨论媒体对人们的影响时，选用美国人所熟知的脱口秀女王Oprah Winfrey作为例子。或是在讨论学生是否都应该学习历史的时候，选用美国历史上知名的总统，如Thomas Jefferson， Herbert Hoover等进行论证都非常好。这样做既进行了有效论证，又不落入俗套。然而，举这类例子对于考生考前的积累要求比较高。如果距离考试还有三个月或以上的时间，我建议考生可以在考前多准备一些类似的人物或事件的例子，以备考试之用。在这里，推荐给大家几个参考的网站：维基百科/，纽约时报 /， 华尔街日报 / 和 American thinker / 这些都是很好的收集素材的网站。

对于大多数备考时间比较紧的考生来说，花大量的时间去准备第一种例子显得有些不太划算。因此，性价比比较高的第二种例子更适合于备考时间比较短的考生。托福考试仅仅是语言能力考试，只要能用恰当的例子论述清楚问题就可以，因此用自己或身边人的例子对于考官来说也有很大的说服力。

三大技巧学会编例子：

1) 加上姓名、时间、地点等

很多中国学生在写例子的时候会使用比如说有一个人……这样的表达。这样的表达看起来底气不足，且中式思维严重，很难受到考官青睐。考生完全可以改用另外的表达我有一个朋友叫Jason，他在两年前做了XX事……这样写就看起来舒服多了。在叙述个人类例子的时候，尽量使用具体的人名、地名和时间。这样能使你的例子看上去更丰满、富有细节，也更像真实的事件，有说服力。

2) 与论点结合，写出XX之前和XX之后的变化

需要特别注意的是，例子一定是为论证服务的，绝不能脱离主题举例子。有的考生非常心醉于自己编出来的故事，但是却忘了自己在写托福作文，这个故事并不能证明你的观点，那这样的文章得不到高分一点也不奇怪。

这里的XX指的是论点中的主题词。例如在写机经中的一个题目：公共交通是否应该免费时，有一个分论点是公共交通免费以后，私家车会减少，这样尾气排放得少了，环境也就变好了。这里的主题词就是私家车的数量，例子就可以写成N年前私家车很少，环境很好，然后私家车变多以后，环境就变差了。例子可写成：

10 years ago， in my childhood memory， the city which I live in now is one of the most beautiful cities I have ever seen. The blue sky and the clean water were quite impressive to me. However， 3 years ago， when I came back to this city again， I was astonished by those changes. The city developed rapidly during those days.There are far more private cars than years ago on the road every day. On average， every household has one or two cars. The city may be described as developed now，while the sky here is never as clear as ever.

这个例子当中所用的词汇、句型基本都是中学所学过的。但是其中用到了我们刚才所谈的第一个技巧，加上了时间细节，也用到了第二个技巧，扣紧了主题，说明了有私家车变多之前和之后的变化。这个例子看上去文采平实，但却符合托福考试的评分规范，单就这个例子而言，就是可以得到4~5分的高分的(满分5分)。

3) 写完例子以后，一定要再结合论点论证说理

这一点不难理解，却是很多考生所忽视的。再强调一遍，例子的存在是为了更好地论证论点，因此在写完例子以后，需要再加上至少1~2句话重申一下你的论点。例如上文中出现的例子，写完之后，还应再加上If the amount of the cars can be reduced， I believe it will further improve the environment here， and be beneficial to all the citizens here as well. And The free payment of pubic transportation will make this come true.这样就是一个完整的论述段了。

托福作文中如果能够运用上几个生动有趣的例子，文章就立刻丰满起来，如果没有明显的词汇和语法错误，这肯定就是一片高分托福作文。

引言：培养小学生的英语写作能力,应从培养良好的书写习惯、扎实的词汇句型开始。接下来小编给各位读者总结了一些小学英语写作必备句型，希望大家认真打好基础，不断提高写作水平。

一、~~~ the + ~ est + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)~~~ the most + 形容词 + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)

例句：Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.

海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。

Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.

张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。

二、Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V

Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V

例句：Nothing is more important than to receive education.

没有比接受教育更重要的事。

三、~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much.

(再怎么强调…的重要性也不为过小学英语写作必备句型小学英语写作必备句型。)

例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.

我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。

四、There is no denying that + S + V …(不可否认的…)

例句：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.

不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。

五、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子~~ (全世界都知道…)

例句：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.

全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。

六、There is no doubt that + 句子~~ (毫无疑问的…)

例句：There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.

毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。

七、An advantage of ~~~ is that + 句子(…的优点是…)

例句：An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won’t create (produce) any pollution.

使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。

八、The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子(…的原因是…)

例句：The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.

The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.

我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。

英语写作少不了积累句型。以下是小编带来的2017英语写作必背经典句型【集锦】，希望对你有帮助。

the + 形容词最高级 + n. + (that) + S(主语) + have ever seen / known / heard / had / read, etc

例句：Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.

(海伦是我见过的最美丽的女孩。)

Nothing is + 形容词比较级 + than to + V(谓语)

例句：Nothing is more important than to receive education.

(没有比接受教育更重要的事。)

S cannot emphasize the importance of sth. too much：再怎么强调……的重要性也不为过。

例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.

(我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。)

There is no doubt + that + 句子：毫无疑问，……

例句：There is no doubt that the economy is recovering.

(毫无疑问，经济已经逐渐复苏。)

It pays to + V + O(宾语)：……是值得的。

例句：It pays to help others.

(帮助别人是值得的。)

An advantage of + 名词结构+ is that + 句子：……的优点是……

例句：An advantage of using solar energy is that it wont create any pollution.

(使用太阳能的优点是它不会产生任何污染。)

There is no denying that + 句子：不可否认……

例句：There is no denying that the quality of our life has gone from good to better.

(不可否认，我们的生活质量日益改善。)

On no account can we + V：我们绝对不能……

例句：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.

(我们绝不能无视知识的价值。)

It is universally acknowledged that + 句子：全世界都知道……

例句：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable[不可或缺的] to us.

(全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。)

The reason why + 句子 + is that + 句子：……的原因是……

例句：The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.

(我们必须种树的原因是它们能给我们提供新鲜空气。)

be closely related to sth.：与……息息相关

例句：Taking exercise is closely related to health.

(做运动与健康息息相关。)

So + 形容词 + be + S + that + 句子：如此……以致于……

例句：So precious is time that we cant afford to waste it.

(时间是如此珍贵，它经不起我们浪费。)

It is time + S + 动词过去式：该是……的时候了。

例句：It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.

(有关当局是时候采取适当措施解决交通问题了。)

S + enable + O + to + V：……使……能够……

例句：Listening to music enables us to feel relaxed.

(听音乐使我们获得放松。)

be + forced / obliged / compelled + to + V：不得不……

例句：Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports.

(既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。)

a. + as + S + be, S + V + O：虽然……， 但是……

例句：Rich as our country is, the quality of our life is by no means satisfactory.

(虽然我们的国家富有，但我们的生活质量仍差强人意。)

It is conceivable / obvious / apparent that + 句子：可想而知/明显/显然……

例句：It is apparent that knowledge plays an important role in our life.

(显然，知识在我们人生中扮演着重要角色。)

The + 形容词比较级 + S + V, the + 形容词比较级 + S + V：……愈……，……愈……

例句：The harder you work, the more progress you make.

(愈努力，愈进步。)

Since + S + 动词过去式，S + 现在完成式： 自从……，……一直……

例句：Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.

(自从上了高中，他一直很用功。)

By + V-ing, S can V：通过……，……能够……

例句：By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.

(通过做运动，我们能够保持健康。)

be based on sth.：以.……为基础

例句：Progress in society is based on harmony.

(社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。)

That is the reason why +句子：那就是……的原因

例句：Summer is sultry[闷热的]. That is the reason why I dont like it.

(夏天很闷热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。)

There is no one but + V + O：没有人不……

例句：There is no one but longs to go to college.

(没有人不渴望上大学。)

Due to / Owing to / Thanks to + sth. / V-ing：因为/ 多亏……

例句：Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream.

(因为他的鼓励，我终于实现了梦想。)

For the past + 时间, S + 现在完成式： 过去的……来，……一直……

例句：For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination.

(过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。)

What a + a. + n. + S + V!= How + a. + a + n. + V!：多么……!

例句：What an important thing it is to keep our promise! / How important a thing it is to keep our promise! (遵守诺言是多么重要的事!)

get into the habit of + V-ing = make it a rule to + V：养成……的习惯

例句：We should get into the habit of keeping good hours.

(我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。)

leave much to be desired：令人不满意

例句：The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired.

(我们的交通状况令人不太满意。)

Those who + V + O：那些……的人

例句：Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.

(违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。)

have a great influence on sth.：对……有很大影响

例句：Smoking has a great influence on our health.

(抽烟对我们的健康有很大影响。)

spare no effort to + V：不遗余力地……

例句：We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.

(我们应该不遗余力地美化我们的环境。)

do good / harm to sth.：对……有益/有害

例句：Reading does good to our mind.

(读书对心灵有益。)

pose a great threat to sth.：对……造成很大威胁

例句：Pollution poses a great threat to our existence.

(污染对我们的生存造成很大威胁。)

bring home to + S + O：让……明白……

例句：We should bring home to people the value of working hard.

(我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。)

do ones utmost to + V = do ones best to + V：尽全力去……

例句：We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life.

(我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。)

我们来看看句子吧。如果说单词是句子的灵魂，那句子就是文章的基石，而句型则是不同品质的基石，可以让整篇文章充满多样的色彩，读起来让人很有兴趣。虽然句型的变化很多，可是针对TOEFL文章的特点，一篇接近300字的议论文，IBT在注重文章的完整性和一致性的同时，也需要文章有精彩的内容。可是文章篇幅有限，我们仅仅需要熟练地应用几个不同的句型，就一定会给评分人留下很深刻的印象了句子中的修辞

我们看看下边的几个例句：

1. Knowledge will never lie。

知之为知之，不知为不知，是智也。

这个句子使用了拟人的修辞手法，赋予了knowledge生命，形象化了知识的严谨性，同时也避免了直接翻译的繁琐冗长。

2. That information comes very impressively to everyone in the job market。

那一信息使所有正在找工作的人为之一震。

这个句子也间接使用了拟人的手法，人性化了Information这个词，come可以把人们接受信息的过程表达的更生动。

3. Confidence never fails to play a significant role in your entire life。

自信在你一生中扮演极其重要的角色。

这个句子中never和fail表示双重否定，用以加强肯定的成分。

这几种句子中的修辞手法都可以使句子的意思表达起来更生动，让人读起来容易接受，同时也避免了直接翻译的很多缺点。

强调句的应用和举例说明

孔子《论语》中的这个经典语句可谓家喻户晓，一句“有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎”道出了中华民族作为礼仪之邦的特点。在托福中，这句话可以应用在关于friendship的文章，这句话直译过来说的是：有朋友从很远的地方来看你难道不是一件很开心的事情吗?通过中文理解，我们知道这句话所强调的部分是：一件很开心的事情。“开心”有很多词汇可以选择，常用的有happy和glad，高级一点的有enjoyable和pleasant，再高级一点的还有incredible和delightful。应用到实际写作中，可以使用it is 做一个强调句来凸显这句话的特点，例如：

It’s delightful to have friends from distant lands。

在这个句子中，除了deightful以外，其他句子成分都很平常，每个人都会写，所以即使是评卷人看到这个句子也不会觉得稀奇，那么作为强调句，恰好是delightful这个词，代表了一种发自心底的喜悦和开心，让读过这个句子的人都有眼前一亮的感觉，这也就达到了强调句的作用。然而happy和glad也都有快乐之意，但是和delightful相比就显得不够级别了，明显高兴的程度不一样，delightful更能显示一种喜悦带来的兴奋，迎接千里迢迢来访的朋友这样的表达最恰当不过了。可以起到强调作用的句型结构有很多，我们能够用到的同位语从句和倒装句都有这样的作用，例如：

It is an undeniable fact that human activities harm the Earth。

这句话中that后边引导的就是要强调的内容，即an undeniable fact. 为了突出harm the Earth是一个不可否认的事实，做成这样一个句子。

Only through effective measures can the government resolve the dispute。

这句话强调的就是only后边的effective measures，而且翻译过来是只有同过有效的措施，强调的唯一性，无二法门。

为什么要倒装

从字面上解释，倒装句子的特点就是把句子倒过来说，这样的解释过于直白但却很实际。根据英语(论坛)句型结构特点，因为要强调才会选择去倒装。我们看看下边的两个例子：

1. So severe is this problem that we have no alternative but to take some feasible measures to deal with it。

2. So amazing are these crewmembers that they have successfully accomplished space walk。

句子中划线的部分就是倒装结构的重点强调所在，关于倒装句的作用，前边已然讲过，这里就不多说了。在TOEFL的具体应用中，我们需要在写作实践里进行检验。

Only through education can we rise in the world。

Only by receiving education can we rise in the world。

从句什么时候使用

在托福写作中，从句句型还是应用比较广泛的，常用的主语、宾语从句，定语从句，还有我们讲过的同位语从句。我见过的托福写作范文中，包括CBT和IBT的两类作文，段落中从句出现的频率都是很高的，尤其是第一段introduction中，一般做背景介绍的时候都会使用宾语从句，例如：some people claim that… 在文章的主体部分中，为了体现句式的变化，各种从句交替应用就显得很重要;即使在iBT导入了first draft的概念之后，对文章的内容要求也没有改变要求，需要体现完整性和统一性。有一点值得注意，从句虽好，但不宜过多重复，这就好像美酒虽好，但不要贪杯的道理一样。好钢用在刀刃上，从句的优点是简单句不能比拟的，但只有简单句结合从句，才能体现句子的多变性;也只有全部的句子都为主题句服务，文章的整体性才会更好的体现。以下是议论文写作中比较好的一些从句例子：

1. Many experts claim that people should positively participate in garbage recycle。

宾语从句，一般出现在首段背景介绍部分。

2. Horror movies, in which there might be bleeding and terrifying scenes, are not recommended for children。

定语从句，一般在主体部分中比较常见，用以解释说明，达到简化句子的目的。

3. As long as you are a student, you should always behave yourself。

状语从句，让步状语从句比较常见的使用although或者though来引导，这里介绍一个使用as long as来引导的句子，这个例句可以解释成做一天和尚撞一天钟。

4. When it comes to psychology, most people believe that it is a behavioral study。

时间状语从句，例句中的应用表示了“当谈到…的时候”，这是一种美式英语中经常出现的句式，口语和书面语都可以使用，推荐各位掌握。

一、审题的“精确性”

在上篇中，笔者已经介绍了部分考题中的“绝对性”的应对措施，而根据专家对于过去2年独立写作考题的分析，发现有90%以上的题目属于“支持/反对”型：

2011.01.30

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

Because the change of the society is so rapidly, people are less happy or less satisfied with their life than people did in the past time.

而剩下的则是由“对比论述型”构成的：

2011.03.13

Some people think children should spend most of their time in studying and playing while others think they should help their parents with the household chores. What’s your opinion?

在审题时，考生必须首先把题目通读1-3遍，彻底把握题目主旨后，方可进行段落布局。在这里，笔者结合自己的经验给考生们一些建议：首先，判断题目是否包含“绝对”含义的词，若有，则按照上篇讲过的建议布局，若没有，则对于同意或者反对的理由进行快速的brain storming, 然后根据分论点的数量及论点的可延展性来敲定立场：

Some people think that human needs for farmland, housing, and industry are more important than saving land for endangered animals. Do you agree or disagree with this point of view? Why or why not? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

Disagree:

1) Endangered animals are valuable because of their limited quantities

2) Environment balance

3) Endangered animals sometimes stand for the country, so they are more valuable than farmlands

Agree:

1) life quality is the top priority

2) endangered animals can be raised in the zoos

经过一番考量，假如考生得出了上述的一些分论点及想法，这时候，主体段的布局基本就可以敲定大方向了。第一种就是完全反对题目的说法，采用五段式结构布局，每个主体段论证上述三个分论点中的一个;第二种也是反对题目的说法，采用五段式结构布局，但是前2个主体段从三个分论点中选二个去论证，而第三个主体段从“同意”的二个分论点里去选一个，最后的结论还是倾向于反对的。第三种是采用四段式结构布局，即第一个主体段从三个反对意见中选择二到三个分论点去写，而第二个主体段则从赞同的分论点里去选择，数量上比前一段少一个即可，最后结论还是倾向于反对多一点。这样说是不是有些同学看了会有点“晕”呢?那下面笔者就再举个简单点的例子吧：

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Television, newspapers, magazines, and other media pay too much attention to the personal lives of famous people such as public figures and celebrities. Use specific reasons and details to explain your opinion.

Disagree:

1) Most people are common, so they want to know something about famous ones

2) Famous people stand for some fashion

3) Constrain the public figures

4) Celebrities can improve the national cohesion and unity

又经过了几分钟思考，我们得出了上述的四个分论点，但是一时半会赞同的理由实在是想不出。若考试的时候遇到这种情况，千万别犹豫不决，马上从已经想好的观点里面进行挑选。于是，这个题目我们就采用完全反对的立场，以五段式结构布局全文，主体段的分论点从上述四点中挑选三个展开论述即可。这样一来，大家是不是明白一点了呢?

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents or other adult relatives should make important decisions for their older (15 to 18 year-old) teenage children. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.

Agree: Parents make decision for children.

1) Parents have more experience

2) 15-18 years old children are not adults, so they cant take responsibility

还有一种情况就是我们只能想出两个分论点，这时候考生应该果断采用四段式布局，而这一次，两个主体段都分别论述一个同意的理由，而在结尾时，可以顺便提一些反对的理由，这样也不失为一种灵活的方法，希望考生们可以借鉴。

二、分论点的排列原则

专家提醒考生们，在布局的时候我们不是随意编排分论点的先后顺序，而是需要有一定的逻辑性和合理性。一般说来，五段式的三个主体段，若都是同意或者都是反对的理由的话，一般这些分论点有两种逻辑顺序，即第一种按照“重要性”来排，将你认为最主要的理由放在第一个主体段中详细论证;第二种是按照“小到大”的原则，即个人方面的理由先写，然后再是家庭，公司，最后再是社会，国家等。倘若所有的论点都是在一个范围内的，比如都是属于个人的论点，则这个时候要看这些分论点后续的论证内容的多少，比如某一个分论点你既举得出例子，又可以进行对比或者因果论述的话那肯定应该先写这个分论点，若某一个分论点后续能够阐述的理由只有一句话的时候那就应该果断地将其排在后面写。若文章是四段式的结构，则在一个主体段中的排列顺序和前面讲的原则是一致的。

一、~~~ the + ~ est + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + haveever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)

~~~ the most + 形容词 + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)

例句：

Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.

海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。

Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.

张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。

二、Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V

例句：Nothing is more important than to receive education.

没有比接受教育更重要的事。

三、~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much.(再怎么强调...的重要性也不为过。)

例句：

We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.

我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。

四、There is no denying that + S + V ...(不可否认的...)

例句：

There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.

不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。

五、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子~~ (全世界都知道...)

例句：

It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.

全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。

六、There is no doubt that + 句子~~ (毫无疑问的...)

例句：

There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.

毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。

七、An advantage of ~~~ is that + 句子 (...的优点是...)

例句：

An advantage of using the solar energy is that it wont create (produce) any pollution.

使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。

八、The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子 (...的原因是...)

例句：

The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air./ The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.

我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。

九、So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子 (如此...以致于...)

例句：

So precious is time that we cant afford to waste it.

时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。

十、Adj + as + Subject(主词)+ be, S + V~~~ (虽然...)

例句：

Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory. {by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不}

虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。

十一、The + ~er + S + V, ~~~ the + ~er + S + V ~~~

The + more + Adj + S + V, ~~~ the + more+ Adj + S + V ~~~(愈...愈...)

例句：The harder you work, the more progress you make.

你愈努力，你愈进步。

The more books we read, the more learned we become.

我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。

十二、By +Ving, ~~ can ~~ (借着...，..能够..)

例句：By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.

借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。

十三、~~~ enable + Object(受词)+ to + V (..使..能够..)

例句：Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed.

听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。

十四、On no account can we + V ~~~ (我们绝对不能...)

例句：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.

我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。

十五、It is time + S + 过去式 (该是...的时候了)

例句：It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.

该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。

十六、Those who ~~~ (...的人...)

例句：Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.

违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。

十七、There is no one but ~~~ (没有人不...)

例句：There is no one but longs to go to college.

没有人不渴望上大学。

十八、be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V (不得不...)

例句：Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports.

既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。

十九、It is conceivable that + 句子 (可想而知的)

It is obvious that + 句子 (明显的)

It is apparent that + 句子 (显然的)

例句：It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.

可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。

二十、That is the reason why ~~~ (那就是...的原因)

例句：Summer is sultry. That is the reason why I dont like it.

夏天很燠热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。

二十一、For the past + 时间，S + 现在完成式.(过去...年来，...一直...)

例句：For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination.

过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。

二十二、Since + S + 过去式，S + 现在完成式。

例句：Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.

自从他上高中，他一直很用功。

二十三、It pays to + V ~~~ (...是值得的。)

例句：It pays to help others.

帮助别人是值得的。

二十四、be based on (以...为基础)

例句：The progress of thee society is based on harmony.

社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。

二十五、Spare no effort to + V (不遗余力的)

例句：We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.

我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。

二十六、bring home to + 人 + 事 (让...明白...事)

例句：We should bring home to people the valueof working hard.

我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。

二十七、be closely related to ~~ (与...息息相关)

例句：Taking exercise is closely related to health.

做运动与健康息息相关。

二十八、Get into the habit of + Ving= make it a rule to + V (养成...的习惯)

We should get into the habit of keeping good hours.

我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。

二十九、Due to/Owing to/Thanks to + N/Ving, ~~~(因为...)

例句：Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream.

因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。

三十、What a + Adj + N + S + V!= How + Adj + a + N + V!(多么...!)

例句：What an important thing it is to keep our promise!

How important a thing it is to keep our promise!

遵守诺言是多么重要的事!

三十一、Leave much to be desired (令人不满意)

例句：The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired.

我们的交通状况令人不满意。

三十二、Have a great influence on ~~~ (对...有很大的影响)

例句：Smoking has a great influence on our health.

抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。

三十三、do good to (对...有益)，do harm to (对...有害)

例句：Reading does good to our mind.读书对心灵有益。

Overwork does harm to health.工作过度对健康有害。

三十四、Pose a great threat to ~~ (对...造成一大威胁)

例句：Pollution poses a great threat to our existence.

污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。

三十五、do ones utmost to + V = do ones best (尽全力去...)

例句：We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life.

我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。

When we see photographs of starving children, it’s hard to say that we should spend billions of dollars on space exploration. But that’s just what we should do. Children don’t need to be starving, but we do need to explore space. Right now, we have enough money to feed every person on Earth. Children are starving because of mismanagement of resources and simple human greed. Those are problems we can solve right here on earth. That shouldn’t stop our need to find out what’s beyond our own solar system.

We may never make contact with whatever other species there may be out there in space. Even so, there are still two very practical and positive consequences of space exploration. One is a certainty and the other is a possibility. The certainty is medical research. Yes, we can conduct research here on earth. But much of the research done in space, for example, on the effects of gravity on bone marrow, is making a difference in medicine here on Earth. When we do research in space, we also learn more about space exploration. Also, many of the inventions that were developed for space travel have been adapted to good use on Earth.

The possible consequence of space exploration is finding another planet human beings can colonize. Overpopulation is a huge problem on our planet. People are living longer, more healthful lives, and that’s a good thing. But it means there are fewer people dying and more people being born. Eventually we’ll have less space, fewer resources, and major distribution problems. If we can find another planet to live on, we can relieve the problems of overpopulation on our planet.

It’s a tragedy that there are human beings suffering on Earth. However, if we wait until everyone has a perfect life, we will never explore space—and that , too, would be a kind of tragedy.

一、主语+不及物动词(S+Vi)。如：

The teacher left. 老师离开了。

All the children laughed. 所有的孩子都笑了。

二、主语+及物动词+宾语(S+Vt+O)。如：

Everyone likes him. 大家都喜欢他。

We study English and French. 我们学习英语和法语。

三、主语+(双宾)动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+Vt+Oi+Od)。如：

He told us a story. 他给我们讲了个故事。

He showed me his new radio. 他给我看他的新收音机。

四、主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P)。如：

She is Peters sister. 她是彼得的妹妹。

That dog looks dangerous. 那只狗看起来很危险。

五、主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+Oc)。如：

The news made her sad. 这消息使她很生气。

I find English grammar very difficult. 我发现英语语法很难。

值得说明的是，以上各成分根据情况可以有多种表示方法，用作主语和宾语的是可以是名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词、从句等。如：

Mr. Smith / He likes it. 史密斯先生 / 他喜欢它。(名词、代词作主语)

We like Mr. Smith / him. 学生喜欢史密先生 / 他。(名词、代词作宾语)

To see is to believe. 眼见为实。(不定式作主语)

Some of us decided to stay. 我们有些人决定留下。(不定式作宾语)

Dancing is fun. I love it. 跳舞很有意思，我很喜欢。(动名词作主语)

Every one of them loves dancing. 他们个个喜欢跳舞。(动名词作宾语)

另外，有的成分可带有自己的修饰语，如名词可受定语修饰，动词可受状语修饰等。如：

He is an excellent teacher. 他是位优秀的老师。

Tell us something interesting. 给我们讲点有趣的事吧。

They all work very hard. 他们工作都很努力。

The plane flew very low. 飞机飞得很低。

Will you dance with me? 你愿意和我跳舞吗?

1) 主语+ cannot emphasize the importance of … too much.(再怎么强调……的重要性也不为过。)例如：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.

2)There is no need for sb to do sth. for sth.(某人没有必要做……)，例如：There is no need for you to bring more food. 不需你拿来更多的食物了。

3)By +doing…，主语can …. (借着……，……能够……)，例如：By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy. 借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。

4) … enable + sb.+ to + do…. (……使……能够……)，例如：Listening to music enables us to feel relaxed. 听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。

5) On no account can we + do…. (我们绝对不能……)，例如：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。

6) What will happen to sb.? (某人将会怎样?), 例如：What will happen to the orphan? 那个孤儿将会怎样?

7)For the past + 时间，主语 + 现在完成式…. (过去……年来，……一直……)例如：For the past two years，I have been busy preparing for the examination. 过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。

8)It pays to + do….(……是值得的。)例如：It pays to help others. 帮助别人是值得的。

9)主语+ be based on….(以……为基础)，例如：The progress of thee society is based on harmony.社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。

10)主语 + do one’s best to do….(尽全力去……)，例如：We should do our best to achieve our goal in life.我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标

like...best最喜欢……

be good at.../do well in...擅长于……

be poor at.../be weak in...在……(方面)不好

make progress in...在……上取得进步

fail to do...在……上失败

succeed in...在……上成功

be tired of...厌倦……

pass the examination通过考试，考试及格

give sb. a passing grade给某人及格分

major in history主修历史

sb. has the best record in school某人的成绩最棒

get a doctor’sdegree获得博士学位

...be more interesting to sb.……对某人更具吸引力

learn about...知道一点……，了解……

be active in class在课堂上很活跃

take an active part in...积极参加……

learn...by heart记住……，用心学……

work out a math problem算出一道数学题

improve oneself in...在……上取得进步

get 90 marks for (English...)(英语……)得了90分

get an “A” in the exam在考试中得“优”

have a good command of...精通……，熟练掌握……

lay a good foundation in (language study...)在(学习语言……方面)打下良好的基础

get on well with sb.与……和睦相处

like to be with students与学生打成一片，喜欢和学生在一起

be gentle with sb./be kind to sb.对……很亲近，对……很和蔼

a strict teacher一个严格的老师

be strict with one’spupils对学生严格要求

First catch your hare.首先必须捕获兔子，然后才能宰之。

be strict in work工作很严谨

We think of him(her) as...我们把他(她)当作……

help sb. with sth.帮某人做某事

praise sb. for sth.因为某事夸赞某人

blame sb. for sth.因为某事责备某人

give advice on...给某人……建议

question sb. on...问某人……问题

be satisfied with...对……满意

correct the students’ homework carefully仔细改正学生的作业

一.开头段常用提出现象句型

1. Nowadays more and more…are commonly and widely…in everyday life.

如今，在日常生活中，越来越多…被广泛…

2. In recent years…is gaining growing popularity with…

近年来，…受到越来越多…的欢迎

3. Recent years have been a boom in…

近年来，出现了迅速增长。

4. Nowadays, there are many…

如今，出现了许多…

5. Nowadays,…has become a very common matter in…

如今，…已经成为在…的常见现象。

6. Nowadays, there is a growing tendency in…

如今，在…方面出现了上升趋势。

7. Recently…has aoused wide concern…/has been brought into focus.

最近，…引起了广泛关注/受到了人们的关注。

8. Most of us may have such experience that…

我们当中许多人可能都有…这种经历。

二. 开头段常用引出他人观点的句型

9. In reaction to the phenomenon of…, some people say…

针对…现象，有人说…

10.When asked about…most people say…

当被问到…，大多数人认为…

11. When it comes to…, some people think…

关于…,有人认为…

12. Now, it is widely believed that…

现在，许多人认为…

三.开头/中间段常用引出两种不同观点的句型

13. There is a public debate today over… some people believed that…Others claim that…

如今社会上出现了关于…的争论。有些人认为…另一些人则声称…

14. When it comes to/talking about…, quite a few people believe that …but other people think differently.

当谈及…时，有相当一部分人认为…然而，另一些人则有不同的想法。

15. People’s opinion wary when they talk about…Some maintain that…Others believe that…

当谈及…时，人们观点不一。有人坚持认为…另有人认为…

四.开头段常用引出故事/事件句型

16.At about…o’clock in the…,when I…, I saw…

…点在…,当我正…的时候，我看见…

17. It was a …morning, when a …suddenly…

五.中间段常用引出优缺点/不足/影响句型

18.The advantages of…lies in many ways.

…有许多有点/好处。

19….as in the case with many issues, has both merits and demetits.

正如许多事物一样，…也是既有优点又有不足的。

20….will bring about an unfavorable effects/influence on…

…会为…造成不好的影响。

21. …may give rise to/result in a number of problems.

…会导致一系列的问题。

六.中间段/结尾段常用引出原因句型

22. Why…? Three factors can explain this. First… Second…Third…

为什么…?有三个因素可以解释。首先，…其次…，第三…

23. As for/Among the factors for…,…counts for the half, the rest depends on…

就导致…的因素而言，…是一部分原因，另一部分原因是…

七.中间/结尾段常用引出解决方法句型

24. How to…? The key words are as follows. To begins with, …Next, …Finally, …

如何…?关键措施如下。首先…其次…最后…

25. Such …would not …if we knew the following ways to handle …First,… Second,…Third…(虚拟语气)

如果我们掌握了以下处理…的方法，如此的…可能不会…第一个方法是…第二个方法是…第三个方法是…

八.结尾段常用引出“我”的个人观点的句型

26. As far as I am concerned, I agree with…

就我个人而言，我支持…

27. As to me, the former/latter opinion is more acceptable.

对我来说，前/后一种观点更可以接受。

28. For my part, I am on the side of…

对我来所，我站在…那边。

29. As I see it, …

就我看来，…

30. From my perspective, I…

就我而言，我…

九.图表作文开头段常用引出总体趋势的句型

31. As can be seen from the line/bar/chart/table that…increased/rose/grew/dramatically from…

从图表可见，自…以来，…出现了极大的增长。

32. It can be seen/concludedfrom the chart that…dropped/declined/fell/reduced slightly to…

依图可见/判断，…小幅下降到了…

导语：写英语作文是有规律可循的，你记住了一些英语句型，就可以直接套用。下面是yjbys作文网小编为您收集整理的资料，希望对您有所帮助。

1.welcometosp欢迎到某地

Eg.WelcometoChina。

2.What’sthematterwithsb./sth?

出什么毛病了?

Eg.What’sthematterwithyourwatch?

3.bedifferentfrom与---不同

Eg.TheweatherinBeijingisdifferentfromthatofNanjing。

4.bethesameas与……相同

Eg.Histrousersarethesameasmine。

5.befriendlytosb。对某人友好

Eg.Mr.Wangisveryfriendlytous。

6.wanttodosth。想做某事

Eg.Iwanttogotoschool。

7.wantsb.todosth。想让某人做某事

Eg.Iwantmysontogotoschool。

8.whattodo做什么

Eg.Wedon’tknowwhattodonext。

9.letsb.dosth。让某人做某事

Eg.Lethimentertheroom。

10.letsb.notdosth。让某人不做某人

Eg.Lethimnotstandintherain。

11.whydon’tyoudosth?

怎么不做某事呢?=

Eg.Whydon’tyouplayfootballwithus?

12.whynotdosth.?怎么不做某事呢?

Eg.Whynotplayfootballwithus?

13.makesb.sth。为某人制造某物=

Eg.Myfathermademeakite。

14.makesthforsb。为某人制造某物

Eg.Myfathermadeakiteforme。

15.What…meanby…?

做……是什么意思?

Eg.Whatdoyoumeanbydoingthat?

16.likedoingsth。喜爱做某事

Eg.Jimlikesswimming。

17.liketodosth。喜爱做某事

Eg.Hedoesn’tliketoswimnow。

18.feellikedoingsth。想做某事

Eg.Ifeellikeeatingbananas。

19.wouldliketodosth。愿意做某事

Eg.Wouldyouliketogorowingwithme?

20.wouldlikesb.todosth。愿意某人做某事

Eg.I’dlikeyoutostaywithmetonight。

21.makesb.dosth。逼使某人做某事

Eg.Hisbrotheroftenmakeshimstayinthesun。

22.letsb.dosth。让某人做某事

Eg.Letmesingasongforyou。

23.havesb.dosth。使某人做某事

Eg.Youshouldn’thavethestudentsworksohard。

24.befarfromsp离某地远

Eg.Hisschoolisfarfromhishome。

25.beneartosp离某地近

Eg.Thehospitalisneartothepostoffice。

26.begoodatsth./doingsth。

擅长某事/做某事

Eg.WearegoodatEnglish。

Theyaregoodatboating。

27.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth。

某人花多少时间做某事

Eg.Ittookmemorethanayeartolearntodrawabeautifulhorseinfiveminutes。

28.sb.spendssometime/money(in)doingsth。

某人花多少时间做某事

Eg.Ispenttwentyyearsinwritingthenovel。

29.sb.spendssometime/moneyonsth。

某事花了某人多少时间/金钱

Eg.Jimspent1000yuanonthebike。

30.sth.costssb.somemoney。

某物花了某人多少钱

Eg.ThebikecostJim1000yuan。

31.sb.payssomemoneyforsth。

某人为某物付了多少钱

Eg.Jimpaid1000yuanforthebike。

32.begin/startwithsth。开始做某事

Eg.Thestartedthemeetingwithasong。

33.begoingtodosth。打算做某事

Eg.WearegoingtostudyinJapan。

34.callAB叫AB

Eg.TheycalledthevillageGumtree。

35.thanksb.forsth./doingsth。

感谢某人做某事

Eg.Thankyouforyourhelp。

Thankyouforhelpingme。

36.What……for?为什么

Eg.WhatdoyoulearnEnglishfor?

37.How/whataboutdoingsth.?

做某事怎么样?

Eg.Howaboutgoingfishing?

38.S+be+the+最高级+of/in短语=

Eg.Lucyisthetallestinherclass。

39.S+be+比较级+thananyother+n。

Eg.Lucyistallerthananyotherstudentinherclass。

40.havetodosth。不得不做某事

Eg.Ihavetogohomenow。

41.hadbetterdosth。最好做某事

Eg.You’dbetterstudyhardatEnglish。

42.hadbetternotdosth。最好别做某事

Eg.You’dbetternotstayup。

43.helpsb.todosth。帮助某人做某事

Eg.LucyoftenhelpsLilytowashherclothes。

44.helpsb.dosth。帮助某人做某事

Eg.HeusuallyhelpsmelearnEnglish。

45.helpsb.withsth。帮助某人做某事

Eg.Isometimeshelpmymotherwiththehousework。

46.makeit+时间把时间定在几点

Eg.Let’smakeit8：30.

47.takesb.tosp带某人到某地

Eg.Mr.WangwilltakeustotheSummerPalacenextSunday。

49.havenothingtodo(withsb)

与某人没有关系

Eg.Thathasnothingtodowithme。

50.主语+don’tthink+从句

认为……不……

Eg.Idon’tthinkitwillraintomorrow。

Unit Fourteen

The Lord and the Hermit

Once upon a time there was a rapacious lord. He was relentless to his tenants and quelled them by placing quotas to their living condition. Soon he collected quantitatively great revenue and lived in a radiate palace. He was also renowned for his queer clothes.

One day the lord’s disease relapsed, so he rallied his subordinates for help. One of them said: “I’ve heard of a recluse who knows regimen well residing nearby. Why not visit his residence for help?” Another retorted: “Be prudent, maybe it is only a rumor.” But the rash lord was filled with rapture and ratified the visiting plan.??

On the next Sunday, the lord purged himself, held a quaint rite and started for the hermit’s home. They passed rugged rustic passages full of paddles and the lord almost recoiled. Finally they arrived. The lord felt disappointed at the recluse’s reception, but he wouldn’t relinquish the chance and talked to the hermit with reverence.

The hermit ruminated and reverted to the main topic in a pungent voice: “I’ve heard lots of your ravenous deeds. You retract the land you’ve distributed to the farmers and order them to redeem their land. You must redress your guilt and rehabilitate their freedom. Reimburse their respective debts and build refuge for them. You can retain the residue of your property.”??

The lord was reluctant to renounce his wealth and be rent from his palace. He rebuked: “Your advice is too reckless. I’m resolute not to accept it.”

“Why so repulsive? You cannot repudiate my words.” The hermit reiterated his suggestion and its resonance echoed. “Remit their taxes with rebates, or a riot is imminent.”

The lord again refuted. At last he went back in remorse.

一、用于驳性和比较性论文

1. In general, I don’t agree with

2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water。

3. The chief reason why… is that…

4.There is no true that…

5. It is not true that…

6. It can be easily denied than…

7. We have no reason to believe that…

8. What is more serious is that…

9. But it is pity that…

10. Besides, we should not neglect that…

11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore…

12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that…

13. Perhaps I was question why…

14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to…

15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but

16. What seems to be the trouble is…

17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that…

18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that…

19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that…

20. What these people fail to consider is that…

21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that …

22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too。

23. The advantages of B are much greater than A。

24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration。