高中关于环境的英语作文模板推荐19篇

We need to follow all kinds of public rules, such as the manner rules and

the traffic regulation. If we break the rules, then all the work will be out of

order and everybody will suffer the loss. But few people just ignore the rules

and waste other people’s time and money.

Chinese high speed train has won many praise from foreign people. The

trains always start off as the timetable and reach the destination on time. High

speed train is popular by the public by its speed and punctuality, but what if

someone breaks the traffic rule? Recently, a video got popular on the Internet.

A woman was stuck in the door of high speed train and the staffs tried to stop

her but failed. She said her husband was on the way and she wanted the train to

start off later. How ridiculous it was. How could she let all the passengers to

wait for her. Everybody’s time is precious.

Though the woman apologized after the policemen’s education, what she did

discomforts the public. The way she acted wasted the public’s time. It is our

duty to follow rules and keep the public in order.

Humans have only one earth, it is human beings rely on natural resources, people want to live a happy happy life, you must consciously to protect the natural environment, care for the earth.

However, in recent years, the earths environment is more and more bad: global warming, hurricane, heavy rain, such as frequent disastrous weather, infectious diseases such as SARS, bird flu, bring serious threat to human life and work and a lot of inconvenience. These are the people constantly "damage" the result of the earth. Large forests have been cut down, green green hill was digging, beautiful grassland into desert, the clear river water turbidity. Trees less, castle peak bald, grassland drought, water dark and make people living environment deteriorate, breathe the air, living environment "occupied" by many harmful things, the virus will take into the body of people, we human beings will suffer from some terrible diseases.

A few days ago, I read in the newspaper that a cartoon: a man sitting on a tree, is he sitting on the branch. "Hum, really funny." Some people may think so. Dont you have to think of it, this is just a funny cartoon? It is just in our? Dont you see, it is warning us: human in the damage to the environment at the same time, also in imperceptible to hurt yourself.

When you walk in the street, if you want to spit, what would you do? If you chose to spit on the ground, you ever think that you hurt yourself? Phlegmy contains a lot of bacteria, when the sun will reproduce and spread. Also, when you cut down a tree, when you cut a piece of grass, when you pour the dirt into rivers, dont you think it is in the destruction of the environment, "injury"?

Proverb is well said: ", predecessors trees descendants cool, "predecessors gave us large tracts of forest and green space, we leave behind is what? Is bare desert, or the thick forest, you must choose the dense woods. What hesitate, let us together voluntarily protect the environment, good care environment, consciously consciously afforest environment, improve our living environment, create a better future!

人类只有一个地球，它是人类赖以生存的自然资源，人们要过上幸福美好的生活，就必须自觉地保护自然环境，爱护地球。

然而，近几年来，地球的环境却越来越恶劣：全球性气候变暖，飓风、暴雨等灾害性天气频繁出现，“非典”、禽流感等传染性疾病时有发生，给人类的生活和工作带来严重威胁和许多不便。这些都是人们不断地“伤害”地球的结果。大片的森林被砍伐，碧绿的青山被挖掘，美丽的草原成荒漠，清澈的河水成浊流。树林少了，青山秃了，草原荒了，清水黑了，使人们生存的环境变坏，呼吸的空气变差，生活的环境被许多有害的东西所“侵占”，病毒就趁机钻进人们的体内，我们人类就会患上一些可怕的疾病。

前几天，我在报纸上看到这样一幅漫画：一个人坐在树梢上，正在砍他坐着的那根树枝。“哼，真好笑。”有些人可能会这么想。难道你就没有想一想，这仅仅是幅好笑的漫画吗?它不正是在讽刺我们吗?难道你就没有悟到，它在警告我们：人类在破坏环境的同时，也在不知不觉地伤害自己。

当你走在大街上，如果你想吐痰，你会怎么做呢?如果你选择了吐在地上，那么你想过没有，你在害自己吗?一口痰含有大量的病菌，当太阳着时就会繁殖、传染。同样，当你砍伐一棵树，当你挖掉一片草，当你把脏物倒进河流，难道你没有觉得这是在破坏环境，“伤害”自己吗?

俗语说得好：“前人栽树，后人乘凉”，前人给了我们大片大片的森林，绿地，我们留给后人的是什么?是光秃秃的荒漠，还是茂密的树林，你肯定选择的是茂密的树林。那还有什么犹豫的，让我们大家一起自觉保护环境，自觉爱护环境，自觉绿化环境，改善我们的生活环境，创造美好的未来!

《黄河颂》中这样描写黄河，“黄河！你是伟大坚强，像一个巨人，出现在亚洲原野上，用你那英雄的体魄，筑成我们民族的屏障。”不错，作为“母亲河”，黄河曾它的乳汁哺育过我们。但是，随着工业的飞速发展，如今的“母亲河”已经是面目全非。例如，今年4月22日上午，黄河兰州段出现了大面积油污染，河面上出现了另人作呕的黑油。到下午，被污染的河水已近90公里。虽然此事已引起了国务院总理温家保的重视，且责任者已受到处理。但“母亲河”遭受类似污染已不止一次，她也不再是人们心目中那么清澈，透明的大河了。通过这次事件，我不得不进行思考：环境污染已经成为这个信息化时代最令人头疼的问题之一。

不仅我国，环境污染也同样存在于世界其它国家。例如，近几年来，动物变异现象时有发生，比如在印度洋的圣诞岛上，栖息在树林深处的上亿只红蟹，突然间如红地毯般覆盖了全岛。岛民们惊恐万分，直到红蟹腿去，才敢出家们。此外，美国佛吉尼亚洲到新泽西的沿岸，曾发生过200多头海豚陈尸海滩的事，这些死去的海豚大都十分消瘦，衰弱。甚至有些还患了肺炎，这显然是一场瘟疫造成的。

难道这一切都是天灾****吗？不是的，有科学家指出，这一切的罪魁祸首就是自诩为文明的人类。在日本，人驯养的猿猴中总不段的生出奇形怪胎，原因就是人工饲养的大多数都是被喷洒农药超标的食物。有些国家的猫有水银中毒现象，这些中了毒的猫就像醉鬼一样左摇右摆，站不稳。有的身体突然抽搐，震颤。经考证，最终原因是由于它们的主任用含有污染物质的鱼内脏喂猫。更另人触目惊心的例子，1986年，苏联，切尔贝尔核电站爆炸所造成的核泄漏，使附近农场的猪，牛不断生出没头没脑的怪胎来。

人类对环境的肆意污染，对生态的破坏，已招至了应有的报应，一系列的事实已经预示：如果人类不尽快停止污染环境，那么发生在动物身上的悲剧，也终将在人类身上重演。所以，人类应该拯救自己，从现在开始尽可能的保护环境。

环境污染大致分为“陆地污染”“水源污染”“空气污染”和“噪音污染”四种。

对于“陆地污染”，主要污染源是成千上万吨形形色色的垃圾。在处理垃圾时，可将能回收利用的进行加工以达到循环利用的目的。而不能回收利用的垃圾，特别是带有辐射性的垃圾，可将其在不污染海洋的前提下深藏在海底，以减弱对人类的危害。对于水污染，可以制定相关的规定来约束人们的行为，保护水体。“空气污染”应该需要更多人加入到植树造林的行列中来，为城市了、空气的净化出一份力。“噪音污染”应该用隔音材料将住宅区和公路隔开。也可与施工单位进行协调，给机器装上消声器。

只要我们动起来，相信不久的将来，地球将重现往日的绿色。保护环境就是拯救人类。人类将无愧于子孙后代。

[保护环境高中学生环保作文

In China, people treat the family as a very important union, families get

together now and then, even the kids get married, they still treat their parents

in the first place. So the family means so much to everyone, family has great

influence on them. When the family gets on well, people can focus their mind to

work, they don’t need to worry about other issues. It is reported that the

people live in a harmonious environment are more easy to get succeed, which

reflects the importance of the family. While people who live in a unharmonious

family are easily distracted from work, because besides the work issues, they

also have family annoyance. So the family is very important, we should keep in

touch with family members often, even though we are busy, we should go home

often, never let the work occupancies you.

I’m very glad to tell you about my winter holiday .It will be both relaxing and meanful . Let me tell you in detail.

First, studying is the most important thing for me, so I have to finish my homework carefully and do lots of exercises everyday .I’ll probably have two or three lessons so that I can make more progress.

Then I should do sports at the same time. Not only because the PE exam in next term, but also for my own health.

Phsics interests me a lot ,and I also like to read some books about it in my free time ．At the end of the vacation,maybe I’ll go sighting with some friends and some books to another city .

I think my plan is the best possible one .I’m hopeful the winter holiday will come soon .

Environmental Pollution

Write a passage with the words and phrases given:

the problem of pollution, cause, artificial substances, release, waste products, industrial production, consumption of goods, bring it under control, agriculture, chemical substancea.

Environmental Pollution

I read a piece of news recently. It says that in Japan marly businessmen ave selling fresh air to customers.and now it is becoming more and more popular. Why? --Fresh air is getting less and less in Japan, and so is it in the U. S. A.

In fact, environmental pollution is a very serious problem the whole world is facing.

it is mainly caused by the waste products released from artificial substances, industrial

production and increased consumption of goods. Bedsides, the use of chemical substances

in agriculture also causes environmental pollution. Look at the sky, you can see that dense smoke is being released from the high and big chimneys; those dirty and poisonous substances are flowing into the rivers that we use for drinking water and millions of tons of waste products are heaping around us.

How to change this condition? More and more countries are trying to work out some effective means to bring it under control, but no great success has been made.

环境污染

最近我读了一则消息说在日本，许多商人向顾客出售新鲜空气，现在这种情况越演越烈，Environmental Pollution-环境污染，四六级写作《Environmental Pollution-环境污染》。为什么呢? 因为在日本新鲜空气越来越少，在美国也是如此。

事实上，环境污染是整个世界正在面临的一个严重问题。这主要是由于人造物质，工业生产过程中所产生的废料以及消费商品的增长造成的。另外，在农业中使用化学物品也造成了环境污染。看看天空，你可以看到浓烟从高大的烟囱中释放出来，这些脏而有毒的物质流入我们赖以饮水的河流，数百万吨废物正堆积在我们周围。

怎样改变这种状况呢？越来越多的国家正在试图拟定出一些有效措施控制环境污染，但至今成效不大。

[环境污染英语作文附翻译

Nowadays, there are more and more students becoming short-sighted. Some students get short-sightedness when they are little. There are fifteen students wearing glasses in my class. Being short-sighted is common among students, even in primary school. That is too serious. Therefore, we should protect our eyes carefully. When we are reading and writing, we should keep a standard posture. Besides, we should not watch TV or play computer for too long. They are bad for our eyes. And, we should do eyes exercises regularly. A good rest is also important to our eyes. In all, eyes are the windows of our mind. We should keep it healthy.

cars have created a lot of serious problems in our world. all the time, they are pumping huge amounts of waste gases into the atmosphere, causing disease and even death.

one possible solution is to design and develop clean cars and clean fuels. but it may take decades for the new models to completely replace the traditional ones.

another solution is to develop modern public transportation systems and restrict the use of private cars. if the price of petrol rises constantly and the public vehicles are efficient and convenient enough, most people will not drive private cars. on the whole, the elimination of air pollution needs the co-efforts from the government and the public. this problem will be solved only with the help of science and technology.

Do you know? Time unknowingly. Have you found? Our home into a another look: the bottom of the river became a filth, dirty dust filled the air, everywhere... This is what caused the so huge change? Turned out to be a human that bad habit destroyed the ecological environment, no one has the courage to stand up to stop. Have people unaware of the danger is quietly coming?

News often report news of casualties, such as someone because drink beverages containing chemicals and poisoning, and people were containing sand blown blind eyes... Ah! Absolutely horrible! If everyone around you endlessly environmental pollution, destruction of their homes, so, I really cant imagine that ten years, twenty years, thirty years later... Our home what happens earth-shaking changes, our descendants will blame us, what makes you denied the right to our survival!

Yeah! We dont have the privilege to damage the environment, to destroy their homes. We should not only cherish own life, more want to future generations the survival of the society in harmony with nature, for the sake of nature.

Boys and girls, lets see some action! Protect the environment, care for the home! Everyone to get rid of bad habits, start from around things, such as: dont throw away waste batteries, use water and electricity saving, try to walk or ride a bike... I believe, as long as we carefully action, and will lose everything back to nature, will be our fault compensation back. Let the future home is not painful, but the eternal beautiful young!

你们知道吗?时间不知不觉地流逝着。你们发现了吗?我们的家园变成了另一副模样：清澈见底的小河变成了污泥浊水，肮脏的灰尘充斥着空气，无处不在……这是什么原因造成了这样如此巨大的变化呢?原来是人类那不良的恶习破坏了生态环境，更没有人有勇气挺身而出去阻止。难道人们没有意识到危急时刻正悄悄来临了吗?

新闻常常报道伤亡的消息，比如有人因为喝了含有化学品的饮料而中毒，还有人被含有沙粒的风吹瞎了眼睛……啊!简直惨不忍睹啊!如果身边的每一个人都无休止地污染环境，破坏家园，那么，我真的不敢想象：十年，二十年，三十年后……我们的家园会发生怎样翻天覆地的变化，我们的子孙后代会不会责怪我们——你们凭什么剥夺了我们生存的权利!

是啊!我们没有这个特权去破坏环境，去毁灭家园。我们不仅应该爱惜自己的生命，更要为了子孙后代的生存学会与大自然和谐相处，多多为大自然着想。

同学们，赶快行动起来吧!保护环境，爱护家园!人人改掉恶习，从身边的小事做起，比如：不随便丢弃废电池，节约用水电，尽量步行或骑自行车……我相信，只要我们认真地行动起来，就一定会把大自然失去的一切都找回来，就一定会把我们的过错补偿回来。让未来的家园不是痛苦，而是永恒的美丽年轻!

as our contemporary society develops dramatically， a worrying problem has sprung up that the degree of trust among individuals has decreased。 for example， when we meet a man begging for money due to his handicapped leg in the street， we are considering whether he is cheating us。 plus， in the business circle， we consumers couldn’t easily believe what the merchant has guaranteed。

all these problems mentioned above are reduced to adverse consequences。 especially， in the corporate world exists the prevalence of dishonesty。 influenced by these phenomena， we， invariably， become increasing cautious about other’s guarantee， even a piece of word。 thus， this trend does much harm to the commodity economy。

the underlying reason for these phenomena is the distorted mentality of money worship。 there are an army of figures expect getting by with cheating customers by selling fake products。 but， they would inevitably suffer penalty。 so， honesty counts most。 to sum up， we， average citizens， can eliminate the feeling of distrust via treating others honestly and paying confidence to others。

[信任危机高中英语作文

why is goal-setting important? because goals can help you do and experience every meaningful thing you hope for in life. instead of letting life happen to you, goals allow you to make your life happen.

successful people have visions of what their life should be and they set lots of goals, both sbort-term and long-range, to help them realize the visions. by setting goals you are taking control of your life. it is like having a map to show where you want to go. a driver with an aim arrives at the destination without any waste of time or wrong turns.

on the contrary, a driver with no aim drives aimlessly around, never getting anywhere and just using up gas and oil. winners in life set goals and follow through on them. they decide what they want and then get there by making plans and setting goals.

goals ara not difficult to set and they are not difficult to reach. it is up to you to find out what your goals, ideals and visions really are. with a clear direction, and with certain plans, you will straightly get what you want.

without a goal, you have to live a passive life. you do not know where to go, what you want and why you are listless. then your life be comes dull and meaningless just like the dead water in a muddy lake.

[人都要有目标高中学生英语作文

1. To cherish the enviroment is to love ourselves.

爱护环境就是爱护我们自己。

2.Water is the source of ourlives

水是生命之源。

3.I make an urgent appeal that measures should be taken to cope with the situation

我急切呼吁应该采取措施改变现状。

4.Our government is doing its best to take measures to fight against pollution.

我们政府正努力制定措施与污染作斗争。

5.We are sure that well win the battle.

我们坚信我们能赢得战斗。

6.Its high time that we should protect our enviroment from being polluted.

是时候我们应该防止环境污染了。

7. Keep our mountains green，the wate clean，and the sky blue.

使我们山更绿，水更清，天更蓝。

8.However，natural resources are not inexhaustible.some reserves are already on the brink of exhaustion.

然而自然资源并不是无穷无尽的，一些储量已经到了穷尽的边缘。

9.If we do something with no thought for the furture . The later generation would be in danger.

如果我们不为将来考虑，后代就会受到威胁。

10.Our earths days are numbered without urgent help.

没有及时的帮助我们的地球就屈指可数了。

11(Sth.)are bound to generate severe consequences if we keep turning a blink eye to them.

如果我们继续睁一只眼闭一只眼的话，……一定会有恶劣的后果。

Is a source of atmospheric pollution, automobile exhaust emissions. The original day is blue sky thousands of miles, but now in some big cities, dark clouds, days groggy, and smelling the automobile exhaust, will be very uncomfortable, will also cause cancer. Car brought convenience to people, but also give a person come trouble exhaust. So I want to invent a kind of environmental protection car perfume exhaust.

This car far and general, approach can find the car without the exhaust pipe, only several honeycomb holes in the rear. People cant help but question, then the tail gas is how to deal with? What about the few at the back of the hole? The original automobile exhaust has been through in the car of a tube to trunk of a big box. The first small box of exhaust gas into the first big box, box spews disinfection powder, after disinfection of exhaust gas after a filter paper wall in the second small box, this small box also jet air disinfection, second after disinfection of exhaust gas through a filter paper wall come Chinese medicine steaming box. The box is full of Chinese traditional medicine powder, 4 walls exudes a of the heat and boil Chinese medicine Chinese traditional medicine. Three times after disinfection of exhaust gas after the thickest wall filter paper box to the perfume. Exhaust immediately into non-toxic harmless aroma, the aroma and then through the small hole at the back of the scattered outside the car, a series of disinfection purification is done.

[保护环境英文作文200字

Some people in the fierce competition of the rough waves swept away, has never recovered. Some people are against the tuyere, set foot on top, on the shore, they succeeded. Because they have much a stick to it. Forefront for them is not a stumbling block, but padding their own foundation.

Born easy, live easy, life is not easy. Life is a process of life. No wind, no rain? It is because of the baptism of wind and rain to see the colorful rainbow; With the pain of failure will taste the joy of success. Turgenev in the rudin, said: "although our life short and small, but great everything is caused by the hand of the people; a life, realize the lofty mission, that is their supreme happiness in life." We are to create this society, inevitably some injury, through the tears.

Time, fast turn, across one dream magic song.

Life, be about to rush out a way to! In order to cause, in order to struggle in life, despite losing a lot of, but is there will be! And are often more important than lost, it is the value and meaning of life.

Life is long, the years.

How can we predict the future? But only clear conscience my heart! Life, because there is competition, people have power; Life, because of the struggle, the people to the pursuit of excellence.

Smoke in life, like a cloud, the wind. Transient. "Only the people and the backing car, there is no reverse time and road", since we came to today, and possession of todays social status and responsibility, only forward, forward, forward again! Dont retreat. Young people, more important is to see tomorrow, seize today, forge ahead in the quiet, perhaps before the sun mountain tomorrow, you created a miracle again!

Early in the morning, I opened my computer and read the news.

There was the news about a driver had the heart disease attack when he was driving the bus, there were more than 40 people in the bus.

The driver stopped the bus off the road and then stopped his breath.

I was so touched by the driver, in the emergency situation, he considered the passengers’ lives in the first place.

It is his sense of responsibility that makes him to do it. The driver sets the good example to the public, he shows the importance of responsibility.

No matter what we do, we should not forget about taking our responsibility. If people don’t take their own responsibility, then things will be out of order, the world will be in the mess. Responsibility always comes first.

一大早，我就打开电脑看新闻。有一则消息是关于一个司机在开车时心脏病发作，车上有超过40个人。

司机把车开在了路边，然后停止了呼吸。我被这位司机感动，在紧急的情况下，他把乘客的生命放在第一位。

正是他的责任感让他这样做。司机给大众树立了好榜样，他展示了责任的重要性。无论我们做什么，都不应该忘记履行我们的职责。如果人们不这样做，事情就会出乱，世界就会陷入混乱。责任大于山。

[高中英语作文：责任大于山

Since I went to college, I feel so excited about the new chapter of my

life. I have imagined the campus life for so many years. Now I finally come to

this stage. I have much time after class, so I need to learn to deal with it.

After two years’ struggling, I find the right way to spend my time.

The first thing for every college student is to learn major knowledge. In

China, so many students think college time is used to play instead of study, so

they skip class. This is a big mistake. College is the stage for students to

master practical skills, which decides what kind of job they will work on. So I

study very hard from Monday to Friday. I don’t want to miss the important

knowledge.

The second thing for college students is to join the after-class

activities. Joining the activities can not only learn more skills, such as dance

and sports, but also can make friends. Campus is like a small society. Students

need to learn to make connections with other students, so that they can win more

chances. I learn a lot from my new friends and know how to communicate.

My college life is wonderful, I learn both knowledge and social skills.

High school students have come into a sensitive stage, their bodies grow so fast and their minds have to keep up with the change.

The boys and girls start to realize the gender difference, there will be some awkward moments between them.

The troubled adolescent annoys many teenagers, because they have problems all the time. For the girls, they want to look as beautiful as the commercial models, so they go on a diet and struggle with hunger.

For the boys, they want to be as cool as the heroes in the TV, so they pretend to care about nothing and go against the school regulations.

The troubles teenagers meet are very typical, they can talk to their teachers or go to see the psychologist. They need to take the right attitudes towards these problems, or they will go the wrong way.

高中生来到了敏感的阶段，他们的身体快速成长，思想不得不跟上这样的变化。男孩和女孩意识到了性别的不同，他们之间会存在尴尬的时刻。烦恼的青春期困恼着很多青少年，因为他们总是会有问题。

对于女孩来说，她们想要看起来和商业模特那样美丽，因此她们节食，挣扎于饥饿。对于男孩子来说，他们想要和电视上的英雄们那么酷，因此他们假装对一切不在意，违背校规。青少年遇到的麻烦是很典型的，他们可以和老师聊聊，或者去咨询心里医生。他们需要正确对待这些问题，不然容易走歪道。

[高中英语作文：烦恼的青春期

if you want to understand adversity, take two identical acorns from the same oak tree and plant them in two different locations. plant the first in the middle of a dense forest, and the other on a hill by itself.

要是你想理解什么是逆境，就去拿两颗从同一棵树上摘下来年龄相同的橡树果，并且把它们种到不同的地方。第一颗种在浓密的树林当中，而另外一颗则单独种在一座山上。

heres what will happen. the oak standing on a hillside is exposed to every storm and gale. as a result its roots plunge deep into the earth and spread in every direction, even wrapping themselves around giant boulders. at times it may seem the tree isnt growing fast enough—but the growth is happening underground. its as if the roots know they must ported the tree from the threatening elements.

事情的结果便是这样。那颗长在山上的橡树经历了大风大雨，结果它的根深深地扎进了泥土中间，并不断向四周扩张，甚至把自己置身于巨大的石块当中。有时它可能看起来长的不是很快，但这时它却在地下悄悄生长着，好像它的根知道自己必须快速生长来保护树木免受自然危害的影响。

She’s Got Blank Space Again

Taylor Swift, one of the most popular female singers around the world, was broke up with her boyfriend again. It is known to all that this talented girl always gets inspiration to write songs from her relationships. All of these songs will become the hit songs. The fans play the jokes that they can hear the new song soon. As the media always reported Taylor had many relationships, she wrote a song called Blank Space to fight back. The song ranked No.1 in the most powerful music chart. In the song, she described that the girl had a long list of ex-boyfriends, while when she got broke up, there would be a blank space for the next boy. It sounds like her real life, but Taylor tell people’s the boys treat the relationship like a love game and don’t take it seriously.

泰勒斯威夫特,全世界最受欢迎的女歌手之一,又和她的男朋友分手了。众所周知,这个才华横溢的女孩写歌的灵感总是来自她的爱情。所有的这些歌曲都会成为热门歌曲。粉丝们开玩笑说他们很快就可以听到新歌了。媒体总是报道泰勒有很多段关系,她写了一首歌叫《空格》来反击。这首歌在最权威的音乐排行榜排名第一。在这首歌中,她描述了女孩有着一长串的前男友,而当她分手了,会留下空格等待下一个男孩。这听起来像她的现实生活,但泰勒告诉人们，男孩们对待他们的关系就像爱情游戏,并没有认真对待。

Since I go to middle school, I have to learn many subjects. Though I am not

the best student in class, but I won’t give up. I always tell myself to work

hard, because if I want to compete with other students, I need to make great

effort. People are easy to deny themselves when they face difficulty. If they

fail one time, then they will doubt the effort they have made. Actually, we are

not studying in vain. What we learn will be a great help to improve ourselves.

The thing we learn decides what kinds of person we are. So don’t deny yourself,

as you will see the value you have stored before in the future.