保持健康的方法高中英语考试作文(优秀20篇)

HOW TO KEEP HEALTHY

As a middle school student,keeping healthy is very important.If we dont

pay attention to keep healthy,we cant study well.But most of the students dont

know how to do it.Do you know the ways to keep healthy?Now,let me give you some

advice.

Firstly,we should eat more fresh vegetables and fruits instead of eating

the food with fats and sugar.By this we wont be fat.We should also drink less

alcohol and drinks.And we shouldnt smoke.Secondly,we ought to have a goog

living habit.Getting up early and going to bed early can help us keep

healthy.Besides this,we can take regular exercise to have a healthy

body.Thirdly,we shouldnt be too tired.Its bad for our health.

All in all,we should pay more attention to keep healthy.Dont wait any

more!Lets start now!

参考译文

如何保持健康

作为一名中学生，保持健康是非常重要的。如果我们不注意保持身体健康，我们不能好好学习。但是大多数的学生不知道如何来做它。你知道如何保持健康?现在，让我给你一些建议。

首先，我们应该吃更多的新鲜蔬菜和水果代替的食用脂肪和糖的食物。我们不会是肥胖的。我们应该也少喝酒和饮料。我们不应该吸烟。其次，我们应该有一个键康的生活习惯。早起早睡可以帮助我们保持健康。除此之外，我们可以采取定期锻炼有一个健康的身体。第三，我们应该不会太累。它对我们的健康有害。

总的来说，我们应该多注意保持身体健康，不要再等待了!让我们现在开始!

Yesterday my classmates and I went to on a picnic. According to our plan we would climb the West Mountain.

昨天我和我的同学去野餐。按计划要爬西山。

Early in the morning all of us gathered at the gate of our school, we started of at seven, soon it began to have a little rain. We kept on riding for an hour till we reached the foot of the mountain.

清晨，我们都聚集在学校门口，我们开始在七，很快就开始有一点雨。我们骑了一个小时，直到我们到达山脚下。

The little rain stopped then. We began to climb. Soon we reached the top of the mountain. How beautiful it was when we looked at the view from the top. We ran. sang, jump,

小雨停。我们开始爬山。我们很快就到达了山顶。它是那么美丽，当我们在山顶上看风景。我们跑了。唱歌，跳，

played chess, and had the pictures taken on the top of the mountain. and had lunch on the rocks. How happy we were!

下棋，还拍了照片在山顶。吃午餐的岩石上。我们是多么幸福!

After the lunch we went down the mountain. We got home at four, all of us almost gave out.

午饭后，我们下山了。我们四点到家，我们都筋疲力尽了。

After An Examination

After I got the news that I had passed PETS level 3 ,I were really happy at that moment .But when I knew the exact result,I didn’t have any successful or wonderful feelings,instend of that,I think the result was very strange.I couldn’t believe that.although my mark was high,everyone who joined the examination all got very good marks.Most of the students in my class could reach the average of 60.so I can’t be pleased with my reault,and it is not enough for me.Recently,I have mixed feeling.It even drives me crazy.I have though a lot about how to improve my English .I am so eager for improving.When I am in school ,I am just ok.. But when I out of that small world, I am nothing. There are so mang students in front of me.So that’s the exact reason why I am unhappy when my classmates congratulate me upon my”excellent”job.I indeed want further education,I can’t be satisfied with being an ordinary English teacher.There is long way waiting for me to go on,so I can’t stop my feet just for this little success.After I pass these days,I grow up a lot.It is very valuable for me to have such experience.

[一场考试过后的英语作文

导语：里奥·梅西，阿根廷足球运动员。2005赢得了金球奖和金靴奖双项大奖。2008年，阿根廷国奥队夺取了金牌。 2016年1月12日，梅西荣膺年度FIFA金球奖，五度得奖创纪录。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

Lionel Andrés "Leo" Messi Cuccittini ( born 24 June 1987) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a forward for Spanish club FC Barcelona and is the captain for the Argentina national team.

By the age of 21, Messi had received Ballon dOr and FIFA World Player of the Year nominations. The following year, in 2009, he won his first Ballon dOr and FIFA World Player of the Year awards. He followed this up by winning the inaugural FIFA Ballon dOr in 2010, and then again in 2011 and 2012. He also won the 2010–11 UEFA Best Player in Europe Award. At the age of 24, Messi became Barcelonas all-time top scorer in all official club competitions. In September 2014 he scored his 400th senior career goal for club and country aged just 27. In November 2014, Messi became the all-time top scorer in La Liga, and the all-time leading goalscorer in the UEFA Champions League.

Often ranked as the best player in the world and rated by some in the sport as the greatest of all time, Messi is the first football player in history to win four FIFA/Ballons dOr, all of which he won consecutively, and the first to win three European Golden Shoe awards. With Barcelona, Messi has won six La Ligas, two Copas del Rey, six Supercopas de Espa?a, three UEFA Champions Leagues, two UEFA Super Cups and two FIFA Club World Cups.

Messi is the only player to top-score in four consecutive Champions League seasons, and also holds the record for the most hat-tricks scored in the competition with five. In March 2012 he made Champions League history by becoming the first player to score five goals in one match. He also matched José Altafinis record of 14 goals in a single Champions League season. In the 2011–12 season, Messi set the European record for most goals scored in a season with 73 goals, set the goalscoring record in a single La Liga season with 50 goals, and became the first player ever to score and assist in six different official competitions in one season. In February 2013 he scored his 300th Barcelona goal. On 30 March 2013, Messi scored in his 19th consecutive La Liga game, becoming the first footballer in history to net in consecutive matches against every team in a professional football league. He extended his record scoring streak to 21 consecutive league matches. In March 2014, with a hat-trick against Real Madrid, Messi became the player with the most goals and most hat-tricks in the history of El Clásico. In October 2014, Messi, aged 27, became the youngest player to score 250 goals in La Liga. In November 2014, Messi scored a hat-trick against Sevilla to reach 253 La Liga goals, becoming the all-time top scorer in La Liga. Later that month, he scored his 74th Champions League goal to become its all-time leading scorer.

Messi helped Argentina win the 2005 FIFA U-20 World Cup, finishing as both the best player and the top scorer (with six goals). In 2006, he became the youngest Argentine to play and score in the FIFA World Cup, and won a runners-up medal at the Copa América in 2007, in which he was named young player of the tournament. In 2008, he won an Olympic Gold Medal with the Argentina Olympic football team. At the 2014 World Cup, he led Argentina to the final, winning four consecutive Man of the Match awards in the process, and received the Golden Ball award as the best player of the tournament. In 2013, SportsPro rated him the second-most marketable athlete in the world. His playing style and stature have drawn comparisons to compatriot Diego Maradona, who himself declared Messi his "successor".

自我感觉良好。座右铭是：做与不做是一回事，做不做得到是另一回事儿。勇于拼搏，积极进取。觉得人生就像“马拉松”，跑完一程又一程，感受着追求的快感，不在乎结果，却讲究过程。

在档案里突然发现，我都已经不记得那时侯这么给自己评价的。但是我当时觉得我的人生可能就到此为颠峰了吧，那是我最快乐也是最有活力跟冲劲的时候。

曾经很想找回那时的感觉，最后发现不太可能。

但是我会想跑一程，跑起来就会觉的没有什么不可能的。

引用一个网友的心得：“很正常，一般人都无法想象，一个人在途中连续跑好几个小时，他脑子里会想些什么，他到底又为了什么。经历过的人会明白，那几个小时中，脑子里什么都想，喜怒哀乐，人生的一切，甚至包括对人生的迷茫和对生命的感悟，有激动，有欣喜，有孤单，有痛苦，有坚持，有希望……正如跑版那句耳熟能详的名言：人生就是一场马拉松，领先和落后都是暂时的，唯有拼搏向前才是永恒。我很庆幸，在马拉松，我找到了自己的精神支柱。”

我也很庆幸，我跑了那个1500。

为了那个1500，有几天早上不搭车就跑到学校，经常沿着江滩跑，可以看到城市日出，可以和晨练的老人聊上几句，可以感受一种祥和、平静，就象神在我左右。我闭上眼睛，屏住呼吸，小鸟就会自然落到我肩上，阳光也会照在我的侧脸。我就会很温暖，和周围空气一样温暖得可以融合到一起。这样就很幸福很满足了！

People often ask and are asked that what is the most important thing in

life. Some people answer that family is the most important and others say love,

work or money. In my opinion, health is the most important in life. However, how

to keep healthy?

Firstly, being positive. A positive attitude towards life must be good to

health. It also brings you power to overcome disease. Secondly, taking exercise

regularly. Taking exercise regularly or even every day helps you build a strong

body which is the base of health. Exercise can improve the ability of the body

to fight disease. Thirdly, making friends, because friendship is an important

part to influence your health. Many studies show that people with a wide range

of social contacts get sick less than those who dont. I always feel better when

I am with friends than when I am alone. Finally, eating properly, having good

rest and building normal daily routine are aslo important to health.

Health is a problem we should attach importance to. Only build a healthy

body can us live a better life.

参考译文

人们常常会问或者被问什么是生命中最重要的东西。有的人会回答家庭是最重要的，其他人会说爱，工作和金钱是最重要的。在我看来，健康才是生命中最重要的。但是，怎样保持健康呢?

首先，要积极。对生活的积极态度一定会对健康有好处。它也会给你带来克服疾病的力量。其次，要经常锻炼。经常甚至是每天锻炼能够帮助你建立强壮的身体，这是健康的基础。锻炼可以提高身体抵抗疾病的能力。再次，要多交朋友，因为友谊是影响你健康的重要部分。很多研究表明有广泛的社会交际的人比那些没有的人更少生病。当我跟朋友在一起的时候感觉比独自一人的时候好。最后，饮食合理，休息良好以及建立规律的日常生活对健康也很重要。

健康是我们应该重视的一个问题。只有建立健康的体魄我们才可以过上更好的生活。

在多年的雅思教学中，我发现学生在实际考试中面临着不同的写作障碍，影响了考试成绩，雅思英语考试中应该如何克服写作障碍。归纳起来大致有以下几个方面：

一、真情流露，无从下笔

有的考生在考试时见到作文题，顿感思路塞车，好像有许多话要说，但又不知究竟应从那里写起。明智的做法是“投其所好、尽情发挥。”考生不妨把作文的要求量化到每一个段落，一篇250词左右的作文一般不会超过15句话，把这15句话根据题目要求分配到各段中去，每一段大概只说那么几句话，事实上往往是说得越多错误越多。因此，每句话紧扣提纲，见好就收,这才是最稳妥的对策。

二、心里明白，难以表达

在考场上有的考生题目看得懂，提纲也明白，就是不知道该说什么，头脑里一片空白。这是在雅思写作考试中的一种常见的现象，针对这一现象，最有效的办法就是要善于联想到一些具体的事实，具体的例证和具体的现象。事实上，雅思的作文题目一定是一个具有社会普遍型话题，其目的是让不同教育背景的考生都有话可说。因此，考生一定能就题目联想起具体细小的事情再形成观点。把看得见摸得着的事物带来的思考变成作文里的实质内容，这不失为一种很好的策略。

因此，当头脑出现空白时，应该由具体细小的、琐碎的、微不足道的事物所引发的思考形成观点，再进行论述。这种定式思维的形成需要多下功夫多练习。

三、一味追求标新立异，导致无从下笔

考试时通常发现有的考生聚精会神的坐在那里冥思苦想，非要想出一个与众不同的观点。陷入这种境地的考生，显然犯了一个根本性的错误，参考时间为40分钟的作文，一般应在35分钟之内完成,再用几分钟的时间检查语言错误。可有的考生十几分钟一句话都写不了，就是因为他太进入角色了，这是考试中一个很大的误区。

考作文的目的纯粹是通过这一命题形式，考查考生的英语水平如何，雅思英语《雅思英语考试中应该如何克服写作障碍》。命题人关注的是书面表达能力，而不是看一个人有没有内容，思想有没有深度，所以“一味追求标新立异”是没有必要的。

四、构思、写作不统一，落实有困难

实事求是的讲，要求考生完全运用英语思维来写作文是不现实的。很多考生在实际写作过程中，脑子里想的是中文句子，然后再把中文句子译成英文。因此采用“得其意，忘其形”的方法，忘掉中文的语法结构，句法形式则可能要整个地打乱，“钻进去，跳出来”。所谓“钻进去”就是要看意思是否到位了，“跳出来”就是要忘记中文的语言形式。实际上把英文译成中文，关键是要在转换中把意思表达出来。

针对构思、写作不统一，落实有困难情况。必须摒弃翻译中追求一一对应的关系，并机械地把中文译成英文的方法，应该把中文句子结构彻底地忘记，然后用比较简单的“万能”英语表达。平时不妨做一做这样的练习，通过阅读不认识词条的英文注解，然后试着把单词译成中文词，再去对照英汉词典的汉语释义，慢慢地就会开始领会用英语表达的门道了。

五、被动心态压抑新构思

尽管雅思考试作文为规定式命题，但考生仍可积极主动地发挥。其主动性在于采取回避的策略，表达上采取迂回的方式，即运用不很复杂的语言。内容的取舍上避重就轻地写比较易于表达的内容。很多人在写作过程中从头至尾都处于被动状态，当有内容想要表达清楚的时候，却又发现种种途径都不可能表达好，只好硬着头皮把自己意识到没把握的东西勉强写上去。连自己都意识到可能是错误的东西，只会产生于己不利的负面影响。所以，当有的内容感觉一点找不着，英语实在表达不清楚的时候，就应该彻底地放弃。单词拼写错误也是雅思考试作文写作的一大问题。常用单词是不能拼错的，有的单词平时会拼写，考试时突然没把握了，不妨换一下或许还能想起另外一个难度大一点、拼写有把握的来代替。应该回避明确知道自己不会拼写的词。如果没法换一个词，将句子改换一种说法亦未尝不可。有的考生在考卷上没把握的地方标上问号，或者把两种可能都写上，让判卷老师选择，这个方法是不可取的。

总之，不能让自己陷人被动，想说什么，用什么方式说。说多少，说到什么程度。一切都应由考生主动把握，这样才会减少心理上的压力，

导语：健康的生活习惯对于成长中的我们是非常重要的。你认为健康的生活习惯应当是怎样的呢?下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

健康的身体是我们成就一切事物的根本，没有健康，什么都无从谈起。

【预测话题】健康

【预测题目】

健康的生活习惯对于成长中的我们是非常重要的。你认为健康的生活习惯应当是怎样的呢?请根据下面的信息提示,写一篇短文,首句已给出。

信息提示：健康饮食;早睡早起,不熬夜;参加运动,强身健体。

要求：根据信息提示,把握要点,适当发挥,不逐字翻译。字数在80词左右。

I think healthy habits are very important for us.

【参考范文】

I think healthy habits are very important for us.

All of us want to be healthy. First, we should get enough sleep during the night. We can go to bed early and get up early. Staying up late is bad for our health.Second, we must have the right kinds of food. We should eat more fruit and vegetables and less meat. We should drink a lot of water. We should have healthy eating habits. Third, we should do more exercise to build up our bodies.Finally, we should wash hands before meals and brush our teeth twice a day. If we don’t feel well, we should go to see the doctor at once.

If we can do all above, we can live a healthy life.

【参考译文】

我认为健康的习惯对我们很重要。

我们都想健康。首先，我们应该在晚上得到充足的睡眠。我们可以早睡早起。熬夜对我们的健康有害。第二，我们必须吃正确的食物。我们应该多吃水果和蔬菜，少吃肉。我们应该喝大量的水。我们应该有健康的饮食习惯。第三，我们应该做更多的锻炼，以建立我们的身体，最后，我们应该洗手饭前和刷牙，每天两次。如果我们感觉不舒服，我们应该马上去看医生。

如果我们能做到以上所有，我们就能过上健康的生活。

1. Happiness lies first of all in health.

幸福首先在于健康。

2. Cheerfulness is health; its opposite, melancholy, is disease.

欢乐就是健康, 忧郁就是病痛。

3. It is not work that kills, but worry.

工作不损寿, 忧郁才伤身。

4. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

只工作, 不玩耍, 聪明小伙也变儍。

5. People who cannot find time for recreation are obliged sooner or later to find time for illness.

没有时间娱乐的人, 迟早得有时间生病。

----- J. Wanamaker 沃纳梅克

6. He is wise that knows when he is well enough.

知足为智者。

7. He who lives with his memories becomes old. He who lives with plans for the future remains young.

终日怀旧催人老, 计划未来葆青春。

8. A good conscience is a continual feast.

问心无愧天天乐。

9. An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.

一分预防胜过十分治疗。

10. Diet cures more than doctors.

自己饮食有节, 胜过上门求医。

11. He is happy that thinks himself so.

自乐者常乐。

12. An apple a day keeps the doctor away.

每天一只苹果, 无需医生进门。

-----英语谚语

13. Better wear out shoes than sheets.

宁愿把鞋子穿漏, 不愿把床单磨破。

----- 英语谚语

14. Health is not valued till sickness comes.

病时方知健康可贵。

15. Leave off with an appetite.

吃得七分饱, 就该离餐桌。

从难得糊涂起

先说一个不知姓氏的典古，难得糊涂的字留芳千古，成就其名字的是其父母，这个古人呈现这幅字的时候，很是灰心，不如王羲之的字，出神入化，鬼斧神工，心旷神怡。其父母发现后，对其大加赞赏，独成一体，难得！难得！造就一幅名字留传予五湖四海，让鉴字之人鉴赏有佳。

人！不管男生女生，都有呈强者，有追求，有执着之说，也有宁折不曲之义。特别是当代小亲新们，我本该是的意识，在家庭环境的造就，根深蒂固，不能接受外部经历的挫折，学生！伊始的外部，就是学校、班级、身边的同学、老师。

在平坦中经历一点曲折，早遇到失败比迟遇到要好很多，及时调整比到时候来不级要有余地；整封信看到的是信心，看到的是我能做到更好，成功的希望更有空间。

儿子！你能有这样的思绪，首先，你自己没有失去信心，相信自己的能力，不会放去努力；这就是你比同学们更成熟的一面，给爸爸妈妈更多的是安慰！在爸爸妈妈的意识里，为能拥有你这么一个懂事的儿子，真的感到万分的欣慰。

因为，你能接受失败，看到自己失败的原因，找寻到自身的根源，知道心里、脑海里为什么空白。儿子！在成长的过程中，跌倒几次，十分正常，就好比发育的身体，会时不时的得点小病一样。看病的过程，也就是一个强健的过程。没关系；怕的是跌倒后，没勇气站起来，现在的跌倒，能勇敢的站起来，就不会怕以后的跌倒啦！

在你的周围，一定不乏失败者，你的一封信，让爸爸妈妈了解的是一个思想慢慢在成熟的儿子；心里素质在丰满的儿子；对家，对环境有感受的儿子；对交流、沟通在改变的儿子。

爸爸妈妈肯定的说：你是我们有希望的儿子！

在这里，爸爸妈妈也应该承认有不足的地方。

首先，在批评你时，我们没有注意方法，你是高中生了，逐渐有自己的思维方式，处事形式。今后，我们会与你共同商讨问题和事情，不会武断决定，让你发挥活跃的思想，帮我们建议，处理家庭事务。让你有存在感。儿子！行吗！

其次，我们要创造良好融洽的家庭氛围，多关心你和爸爸，让爸爸的辛苦和你的勤奋，相得益彰，同放光彩，我也会用心改变对身体不好的一些习惯。给你一个温馨的学习环境。

儿子！你监督我们！

这是爸爸妈妈的心愿！

愿儿子身心健康的投入到学习中去！

妈妈予工作岗位上

20XX.12.25

[给一次考试失败的高中生儿子的一封信

Chinese New Year is the most important festival in China. Before the Spring Festival People clean their houses，put red couplets on their gates，and set off firecrackers to drive away the legendary monster “Nian”.

On the eve of the Spring Festival, families get together and have a big dinner. Dumplings are the most traditional food.

The Spring Festival lasts about 15 days long .People visit relatives and friends with the words “Happy new year”. People enjoy the Spring Festival, during this time they can have a good rest.

Children like the festival very much, because they can have delicious food and wear new clothes .They can also get some money from their elders. This money is given to children for good luck.

议论文写作是几种常见文体中要求较高的一种。下面语文迷网整理了一些写作方法，希望对你有帮助。

一、议论文的文体特点和写作要求

英语议论文同中文议论文一样也是以议论的方式，通过摆事实、讲道理来阐述自己观点的一种文体。高中英语议论文是一种限制性的写作, 其论点、论据、论证都必须十分明确，学生必须结合题目要求来阐述相关观点。

议论文的结构可分为三个部分：1、引言段引出一个令人关注的问题或明白地亮出自己的观点，如提倡什么，支持什么，反对什么。 2、主体段对提出的问题进行分析、推论、并运用归纳法、演绎法和类比法等进行论证，取得以理服人的效果。3、结论段可以用两三句话来结束文章，同时要注意重申论点，与引言段呼应，但不能照搬原话。务必做到论点明确、要点齐全、论证严密、结构严谨、层次分明、首尾呼应。

二、议论文的写作方法与技巧

一)、审好题

人们常说：“磨刀不误砍柴功”。审题是写作的开始，是写好作文的前提条件，“好的开始是成功的一半”，议论文写作也不例外。只有明确题目要求，确立观点，确定论证方法及全文段落安排，才可能成功写出一篇好的议论文。如果写偏了题，再精心的构思、再好的语言表达也是枉然。审题主要包括六个方面：一是判断议论文所属类型。英语议论文根据命题特点，从形式上来看可分为如下类型: ①“一分为二”的观点。如：“轿车大量进入家庭后，对家庭、环境、经济可能产生的影响”。②“两者选一”的观点。如：“乘火车还是乘飞机”。③“我认为……”型，如：“你对课外阅读的看法”。④“怎样……(how to)”型，如：“怎样克服学习中碰到的困难”。⑤ 图表作文，通过阅读图表中的数字与项目得出一个结论或形成一种看法(杨家贵，2005)。二是确立该文的论点或作者须持的观点，以及支撑论点的道理和事实。三是确定全文所包括的要点。四是确定段落数及每段适用的连接词、过渡句，使文章连接紧凑、过渡自然、层次分明。五是选择全文主要时态及各段适用的其它时态。六是判断该文的格式，是书信还是短文。审题完毕，随即列出提纲。

二)、注重主题句的设置

主题句又叫中心句(topic sentence)，是段落的论点，限制段落中议论的范围，是整个段落的纲领。主题句必须要正确，要明确表明作者赞成什么，反对什么。主题句在一篇百来字的议论文中好比“画龙点睛”，帮助作者分层次阐述自己的观点，让读者快速了解作者的观点。

1、确定主题句的位置

英语议论文的主题句宜设在段首第一句，这是由以下两个因素决定的。1)、主题句出现的位置有三种情况：①在段首，以便读者浏览主题句就可掌握文章的概要，这个位置适用于写提供信息或解释观点的段落;②在段末;③段中(高长梅，2000)。2)、英语民族的思维特点是常采用路标式(直线式)篇章结构，即主题句在段首。

2、写出好的主题句

好的主题句具有以下特点：①有一定的概括性，普遍性而不是罗列具体事实。②句意明确而不是模糊不着边际。③让人有话可写而不是给出无可辩驳的事实。④不以问题的方式出现，也不要同时表达两个以上的观点。笔者要求学生写了以下的主题句：

1)Staying up late is bad for our health.

2)The more cars, the better?

3)There are two reasons why some people are fascinated by Super Girls and two reasons why some dislike them.

4)Beijing is famous for the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Imperial Palace and other places of interest.

5)a. Tom is a middle school student.

b. Tom is a hard-working middle school student.

6)Living in small cities is better than living in big cities.

然后让学生对照主题句的特点，他们一致认为1)、5)b、6)为好的主题句。在实践和对比中，学生学会了如何写好的主题句，并且运用到议论文写作中，收到较好效果，见以下实例(下段黑体部分是主题句)。

Everyone lives by selling something. For example, teachers live by selling knowledge, philosophers by selling wisdom and priests by selling spiritual comfort. Though it may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money, it is extremely difficult to calculate the true value of services which people perform for us. The conditions of society are such that skills have to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid for at a shop. Everyone has something to sell.

由此可见，好的主题句能帮助作者阐明观点，起到提纲挈领的作用。作者围绕段落的中心论点，运用多种方法展开论证，达到以理服人的效果。

三)、用好连接词和过渡句

从行文需要出发选用恰当的连接词、过渡句可使整篇文章文句流畅，句意转换自然，同时使表达合乎逻辑，文章结构严谨。倘若一篇议论文的段落里不乏高级词汇和复杂语法结构，但缺少了连接词、过渡句的润色而不能从一个观点自然地过渡到另一个观点，或段落里的各论据(supporting sentence)连接松散，势必削弱论证的效果，就算不上一篇好的议论文。下面分别说明如何有效运用连接词与过渡句。

1、句与句的连接词

连接词通常由连词、副词、介词短语和插入语等充当。如何有效使用连接词，使句意连贯、紧凑，以体现文章良好的严密的论证逻辑?

2.段与段的过渡句

过渡句帮助作者展示文章的条理和层次。恰当运用过渡句能使表达锦上添花。当文章从一个层次转换到另一个层次，或由一段内容转入另一段内容时需要用过渡句。恰当有效的运用过渡句，效果明显(见下文，题目及要求略，黑体部分为过渡句)。

Wearing school uniform every day spreads an order over many schools. Is it good or bad for students? Different people, however, have different opinions on this matter.

Some people say that it has a bad effect on developing students’ personal character. According to them, students are tired of wearing the same clothes every day, which is hard to tell who’s who. Furthermore, the cost of the school uniform is not low as many people think. With the bad quality, it’s not well worth the money.

However, as a popular saying goes: “Every coin has two sides.” Others argue that it is good for students. In their opinion, wearing school uniform will prevent students from wasting so much money on clothes and the time on catching up with the fashion. In addition, it’s easy for the teachers to recognize the students. There is no doubt that wearing school uniform every day is good for students.

In short, I firmly support the view that we should wear school uniform.(康珍，2005)

上文黑体部分综合体现了恰当、有效运用连接词和过渡句的最佳效果。全文行文流畅、衔接自然、条理清楚，浑然不觉作者是在套用各种连接词和过渡句。因此，非常有必要熟记一些常用典型的议论文过渡句，使议论文结构严谨，论点清楚，行文流畅。

1)引言段的常用过渡句

Recently we had a heated discussion on…, Opinions are various among different people.

Different people have different opinions on the question of …

They differ greatly in their attitudes towards …

Different people hold different views/opinions on this matter.

Although most people think… I believe…

此类过渡句能迅速引起读者注意，自然而然地引出全文要讨论的话题，或者开门见山地阐明文章的论点。

2)主体段的常用过渡句

Some may hold the view that… because… But others have a negative attitude. From their point of view…

Some people think that… While others believe…

Some people are for the idea of… because… But some people are against the idea of… because …

本文所指议论文的主体段可以是一段也可以是两段。通过正确使用过渡句，文章思路清晰，结构清楚，显示作者严谨思维，增强表达效果。

3)结论段的常用过渡句

As far as I am concerned, I totally agree with the statement that…

Therefore, it’s easy to draw the conclusion that…

As a consequence/result, I firmly support the view that…

Taking all these factors into consideration, we may reach the conclusion that…

To sum up/in a word/in conclusion/in short/above all/in general/ generally speaking, I still hold the view that…

运用过渡句的提示作用进入结论段，作者或是重申论点，或是强调论点，以便加深读者对全文的了解和深刻认识。

英语议论文范文：

Should Examination Be Abolished (取消)?

The examination system has come to be the main theme (主题)of modern education. One should take an examination andsucceed in passing it before he could be admitted， promoted or graduated. As it plays so important a role in the realm of education (教育的领域) it is under much criticism (评论) as to its validity (有效性) . People who are in favour of it try to develop this system more; those who are against it believe that such a system should be abolished. Should examination be abolished? In my opinion it should be.

Many people think that an examination is the only means to test knowledge， but， in fact， that is not true. A few questions given in an examination could by no means cover the whole field of the subject. Thus those who are able to answer them may be the poorest of the students and yet happen to know just a few points about that subject.

Id like to say that， because of the existence of the examination system， students pay so much attention to gaining high marks， that they often forget the chief purpose of education. The so-called clever students devote (贡献) themselves to the study of textbooks only. They， of course， know nothing but the skeleton (梗概) of knowledge. The end and aim of education， however， is to enable students to learn how to live. To do this， students must get themselves to do all kinds of training， physicalas well as mental. The present examination system has discouraged students from making such an attempt.

Moreover， since the students try so hard to put their lessons into memory in as short a time as possible， psychologically (心理上来看)， they soon forget the whole subject as soon as the examination is over. Surely this is one of the greatest wastes ever made in the history of civilization.

Lastly， in order to get high marks， there is a great temptation (诱惑) for students to cheat (作弊) in an examination. Indeed， such a practice becomes the means to the end. They cheat their teachers， their parents and also themselves. Such a tendency would impair (损害) our moral standards (道德标准) .

Therefore， I am of the opinion， in conclusion， that the examination system should be abolished.

John has lived in London for afew years, but he isnt so familiar with that city, because he seldom goes out.One foggy morning, he had to go somewhere to attend an important meeting.

Because of the heavy fog, he was unable to get the right way.

Although he askedmany people for the direction, no one paid attention to him, for they were allin a hurry.

He looked so anxious. At this very moment, a woman came out of thefog and said, “Let me help you, Sir.

Please go with me." John followed thewoman, and then she led him to the right place.

It took them about half anhour. John owed his great thanks to her. However, to his great surprise, hefound that the woman was blind.

“How can you take me here?" John asked. “Ihave been living in London since I was born, so Im very familiar with everystreet in this city." the woman answered.

约翰在伦敦住了几年，但他对那个城市并不是很熟悉，因为他很少出门。

在一个有雾的早晨，他要去参加一个重要会议。由于雾太大，他无法找到正确的方向。虽然他向很多人问方向，没有人注意到他，因为他们都在赶时间。

他看上去很着急。在这个非常时刻，一个女人从大雾中走出来对他说，“先生，我来帮助你吧。请跟我走吧。”

约翰跟着她，之后她带他带到正确的地方。他们大约花了半个小时。约翰非常感谢她。

然而，令他吃惊的是，他发现那个女人是盲人。“你是怎么能带我到这里来？”约翰问。“我从出生开始就一直生活在伦敦，所以我非常熟悉这个城市的每一条街道。”女人回答说。

[高中英语作文：走出迷雾

示例一：

Dear____,

There will a _____(内容) at/in______(地点) on____(时间). We would be honored to have you there with us.

The occasion will start at _______(具体时间). This will be followed by a ____(进一步的安排). At around______(时间)，__________(另一个安排)

I really hope you can make it. RSVP before ______(通知你的最后期限)

Yours sincerely

Li Ming

i am xxx. i was born in xx. i graduate from senior high school and major inenglish. i started learning english since i was XX years old. my parents have alot of american friends. that’s why i have no problem communicating withamericans or others by speaking english.

in my spare time, i like to do anything relating to english such aslistening to english songs, watching english movies or tv programs, or evenattending the activities held by some english clubs or institutes. i used to goapoad for a short- term english study. during that time, i learned a lot ofdaily life english and saw a lot of different things.

i think language is very interesting. i could express one substance byusing different sounds. so i wish i could study and read more englishliteratures and enlarge my knowledge.

雾气氤氲，山峦迤逦，水波潋滟，金色的阳光为大地镀上了一层金箔，小女孩来到小树下，踮起脚，伸着手，摘了一朵沾有几滴露水的花朵，这是爸爸为我种下的花，花真的很香。

——题记

成长是痛苦的吧，毕竟摔了那么多次；成长是累的吧，毕竟深夜挑灯那么多次；成长是苦的吧，毕竟流了那么多眼泪。但我的成长因为你们痛并快乐着，正是因为你们的陪伴，这才足以让我克服重重艰难险阻。

我也曾踟蹰不前。那是一个非常迷茫的时期，总感觉我身边的人总是拿有色眼镜看我，感觉自己就是得不到认可，夜晚睡觉的时候总感觉冥冥之中有一个声音对自己说你别在坚持了，放弃吧，你根本不是读书的料。

我真的打算放弃了，可是那天之后一切都改变了。

就是那天晚上我看见爸爸腰疼到直不起来躺在床上。可他却还对妈妈说，一会儿他还要出去， 妈妈让他不要去了，可爸爸却说没有办法，女儿读书需要很多钱，不去哪里会有。

那个晚上我一夜都没有睡，我讨厌自己，为什么要那么轻易就放弃，为什么要把自己的努力付之东流，恨自己为什么没有在意一家人为自己做的一切。那时我知道为什么自己要努力了，为了自己，更是为了那些爱我并为了我而付出太多的人。

第二天当我去浇花水的时候，发现了一株我种了无数次却没有种成功的花，在阳光下竟已开出了花骨朵！我惊异地问爸爸，他说这是他之前看到我种了那么多次也没有成功过，他想帮我种种看，种了几次后，竟然奇迹般种活了一株。

这株花在我中考后应该就能开花吐露芬芳了。等到它开花后，我要把它的花瓣保存下来，制成香囊也行，书签也好，因为这是爸爸为我种的。

其实成长痛的只是过程，甜的是结果，是啊，有我的家人再苦也甜，就像爸爸为我种的花，真的很香。

The ways to keep healthy Everyone wants to live long, however, that just

depends on your bodys health. Do you know how to keep healthy? Id like to

offer you two ways: 1) Proper Dinners: Generally speaking, one should eat 3

times every day. But some students who get up late will ignore the breakfast,

which will do a very bad effect on their healty.

Anyway, some girls who would

prefer to be thin will avoid eating anything or only little during the meal

time. Both of the two ways are bad habits of dining. We shouldnt feel hungry or

full after dinners. Students are usually very busy with their homework, so

they cannot take time to do exercises or too lazy to do them. This is another

killer to health. We should at least take time to have P.E lessons or do morning

exercises everyday to keep health. All in all, Being in fitness is our goal,

its also the basic of all contributions and success.

Today is New Years Eve morning， firecrackers sounding snap snap away. As long as you take a look at the outside， red firecrackers everywhere， come together to form a Red Sea. The family have their own homes going up in the beautiful， it seems like in the match. My family is no exception， sweeping， glass， cabinets， such as rubbing. Prepare the arrival of the New Year. 今天是除夕，上午，鞭炮声劈啪劈啪的响个不停。只要你向外面看一看，到处都是红红的鞭炮，汇成了一条红海。各家人都把自己家打扮的漂漂亮亮的，好像在比美似的。我家也不例外，扫地、擦玻璃、擦柜子等。准备新年的到来。 Afternoon， we posted in accordance with the custom of the Chinese New Year couplets， father and a good paste， and then said to me： "I paste you posted， I looked at the high level you say rich， said that if the lower rising good you "， I asked my father why? Dad said： "The plan is a lucky，" "Oh， I understand，" We posted on the Alliance are： evil Hongfu family happy is： wang gas people to come into everything. 下午，我们就按过年的习俗贴春联，爸爸和好浆糊，然后对我说：“我贴你看着高低我贴高了你就说‘发财’，如果低了就说‘高升’好吗”，我问爸爸为什么呢?爸爸说：“就是图个吉祥”，“噢我懂了”我们贴的上联是：家有宏福千般喜，下联是：人来 旺气万事成。 End paste New Year， we began dumplings. Good luck to Tim， we are still a dumpling in a bag of coins. Dinner， my folder， a Dumpling， one to eat， "cough，" the voice of a coin吃出for my whole family applauded， and say that I am lucky this year. After dumplings， we saw the Chinese New Year Festival， my favorite essay nd "yellow soybeans." Liu Qian first a one-dollar coins into the cup， then into the host egg rings. "Bean yellow" in a person to "take off clouds" that they "Li Xiangyun" really funny. No wonder people say： "Spring Festival Evening Show" is a cultural feast. 贴完春联，我们就开始包饺子。为了添吉祥，我们还在一个饺子里包了一个硬币。吃晚饭时，我夹了一个饺子，一吃 “咯”的一声，吃出一个硬币全家人都为我鼓掌，说我今年有福气。吃完饺子，我们又

I have a great time during the winter holiday, because I enjoy myself as

well as focus on my study. As it’s known to all, the Spring Festival is the most

important in winter holiday that would occupy much time to celebrate it.

Therefore, I finished my homework first, so that it won’t bother my enjoyment

during the festival. I finished my home work in one week. And I went shopping

with my parents. We bought a lot of things, especially snacks and fruits. Then,

it was the Spring Festival. We had a big dinner on the New Year’s Eve. My

parents prepared the big dinner and I could only act as assistant. The dinner

was so delicious that I ate so full. In the next several days, my parents and I

visited our relatives and friends or they visited us. Sometimes, we went out for

fun together. We children were always the most excited. Now, holiday is coming

to the end and I will go to school soon. I am so happy that I have a wonderful

winter holiday.

我这一辈子，因英语考试而获益匪浅。

不好意思，参加高考那年，我那孪生弟弟英语考得80分，我只得了9分，好在我俩总分相同。后来该科得分只按30%计入总成绩，我刚好上线被录取，他则以50分之差落选。我毕业分配到市报那年，他终于迎来英语考试100%计入总成绩而走进大学，他那物理连续三年考满分的同学，因英语成绩太差，在英语考分比重一路飚升的情况下，总分总是相差一两分而落选，后放弃高考搞发明，终成“开锁王”而进监狱。

闲言少叙，还是说感谢英语考试。我评高级职称那年，上级规定，不管你有无“强烈反响”的文章，著作是否等身，要想高级职称，一律先过外语关。这外语，在我们这些地方就是英语的代称。我一听这规定急得如热锅上的蚂蚁，立即采取行动，向上级上书万言，其核心内容是：我们这种报纸，来稿一律是中文，发稿无一用外语，交流从来都是汉话；由于语言环境差，先前英语学得较好的，现在都已忘到爪洼国去了，云云，并用美日等国未将外语与母语等同对待佐证。最后请求，鼓励有志于从事与外文工作有关的同志深钻细学，让多数对外语无兴趣的同志节约精力学好汉语，少在日常公文中出错别字、病句，只充分享受翻译成果即可。

上级答复：为与国际接轨，加强文化交流，即使从事古汉语研究，都要先过外语关。接到答复，我嘟噜了好久：交流？远远见过几批外国人，人家却都带有专职翻译；出国，多是不懂外语的领导，懂外语的知识分子，出国机会反而渺茫。

我将苦恼告诉负责报名的同志，他开导我，那考试不要紧，有复习资料，最后有复习范围，再后有模拟考试，如果你能将模拟试卷背得滚瓜烂熟，考试百分之百过关，即使没有60分，也要按一定比例定合格。意思就是说，你瞎蒙乱猜20分，也可能在比例之内呢。我说，连字母顺序都搞不清的我，要背试卷不是强人所难吗？你做好让我抄，都得一个字母一个字母地核对呢。正在冥思苦想之际，分配到中学教英语的弟弟对我说：“你将我的照片拿去，用你的名字报名即可。”我惊呀地问：“那行吗？”“怎么不行？不说你今后不用换照片，就是考试时要身份证，办证时要你的照片，都是‘事在人为’。这种事，我已经帮过几个人了。但话得说清楚，考试往返的车费，考试期间的食宿你得负责，代考之类的费用我就不收你的了。”

不好意思，我们报社，比我论文写得长的，著作出得厚的，获奖得得多的主任、总编们，还站在中级那边，伸长脖子向高级这边遥望呢。如果不是英语考试，凭“硬件”，就那两个指标，怎么也轮不上我呀。

由于本人成了“专家”，不但工资上升，名声也响亮了。担任中级职称评委，出席研讨会什么的，监考英语之类的活动，我都是以本市本行业“专家”的名义，紧跟领导姓名之后，我怎能不感谢英语考试！

好事还在后边。因合理班子结构，组织上将我调到职称办并戴上一顶官帽后，职称英语考试感受更是妙不可言。你想评职称吗？请先过英语关；你想过英语关吗？请先过我这关。如果你英语不过硬，想与他人合作，如果你不意思意思，我会严格审查，认真把关，即使合格了，我也设法迟迟不通知你，等到申报结束时再告知“你合格了”，让你忙得屁滚尿流也“等下一年再评”。至于申报材料的投递，合格证的领取，你都得看我的眼色行事。反之，我会为你出谋划策，牵线搭桥，不管是在关键环节换上“枪手”的照片，还是让“枪手”同进一间考场，以及如何用手机等高科技作弊，等等。趁此良机，我还开了一家书店，专卖与英语有关的东西，什么英语复习资料，英语高考兵法，什么英汉字典，英汉电子词典，等等，每天门庭若市。来者是谁？大中小学生以及幼儿之家长，当然，凡报考英语职称考试的，都踊跃购买我“推荐”的参考书，我知道后者转身就将新书拿去卖废纸了。你问我收入？哈哈……感谢英语考试。

最为美妙的感觉，是经常应邀去一些部门或学校指导，谈谈学习英语的体会，领完课时费然后进酒楼。一次我到母校演讲《如何学好英语》，我说：学习英语特别重要，英语成绩上不去你就甭想考大学；考上了也不过是一般本科或大专，重点大学不收英语不合格的考生；如果你要读研究生，更是不可不学；如果你要当英语老师，那是不能不学；如果你想当翻译家，那得深钻细学；如果你毕业之后从事与英语无关的工作，也得把精力浪费在这种事倍而达不到功半的学习上啊。另据内部最新消息，为以示公平，即日起，凡晋升领导，以及领导出国考察前，必须先过英语关……。许多事实已经证明，在世界汉语方兴未艾之际，作为联合国法定六种工作语言之一的汉语，在生她养她的地方，将沦为二等语言，甚至会退出世界语言行业。如何抓好英语学习呢？首先从娃娃抓起，幼儿园也要“只用英语教学”；其次抓大学生英语，《大学语文》随便学学不要紧，英语无论如何要过四级关；再次抓研究生，论文语句不通无所谓，英语一定要让小学生听起来流利。英国为什么强大？是因为人家3岁的小孩都会说英语啊，比我弟弟说得还标准！赶快行动起来吧，从24个字母认真学起。

演讲结束，校长笑着说：“你真幽默！”弟弟说：“哥啊，你的演讲把人家的大牙都笑掉了，我恨不得在地上找个洞钻进去。”

我数着课时费疑惑地问他们：“你们给我的课时费，是按副高还是按正高？”

[感谢英语考试的作文

Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X. They point out the fact that 支持X 的第一个原因。They also argue that 支持X 的另一个原因。

However, other people stand on a different ground. They consider it harmful to do X. They firmly point out that 反对X 的第一个理由。 An example can give the details of this argument: 一个例子。

There is some truth in both arguments. But I think the advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages. In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, X also may X 的有一个坏处。

There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.

People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand, ____原因二_____. Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.

As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______. It is not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.

导入句：

At present, Currently, Recently, Nowadays, a critical issue/problem/phenomenon has become the concern/attention of the public / has been brought into the focus / has aroused a wide concern of the public.

It is becoming increasingly popular for people to….. There is a growing tendency these days for students to…..

With the rapid/amazing/remarkable/steady development (advance, improvement, progress) of….., great changes have taken place.

With the increasingly rapid process of globalization (urbanization, internationalization, commercialization), ……

At present, nowadays, currently, there has been a heated (popular) discussion/debate on (over, concerning) …….

Scientific researches have shown that ……. According to a survey,…..

Plentiful evidence has shown/proved that?.. 中心论句：同意

Frankly speaking, I am in favor of / agree with …..

As far as I am concerned, I am in favor of the point of ….. From my point of view, I support the statement above.

Straightforwardly, I cannot accept the point of……, and I strongly support the statement of …..

提高英语写作分数的88个词组

1.经济的快速发展 the rapid development of economy

2.人民生活水平的显著提高/ 稳步增长the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people’s living standard

3.先进的科学技术 advanced science and technology

4.面临新的机遇和挑战 be faced with new opportunities and challenges 5.人们普遍认为 It is commonly believed/ recognized that? 6.社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social development

7.引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention 8.不可否认 It is undeniable that?/ There is no denying that? 9.热烈的讨论/ 争论 a heated discussion/ debate 10. 有争议性的问题 a controversial issue 11.完全不同的观点 a totally different argument

12.一些人?而另外一些人? Some people? while others? 13. 就我而言/ 就个人而言 As far as I am concerned, / Personally, 14.就?达到绝对的一致 reach an absolute consensus on?

15.有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons 16.双方的论点 argument on both sides

17.发挥着日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role in? 18.对?必不可少 be indispensable to ? 19.正如谚语所说 As the proverb goes: 20.?也不例外?be no exception

21.对?产生有利/不利的影响 exert positive/ negative effects on? 22.利远远大于弊 the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages。 23.导致，引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in 24.复杂的社会现象 a complicated social phenomenon

25.责任感 / 成就感 sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement 26. 竞争与合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation 27. 开阔眼界 widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision 28.学习知识和技能 acquire knowledge and skills

29.经济/心理负担 financial burden / psychological burden 30.考虑到诸多因素 take many factors into account/ consideration 31. 从另一个角度 from another perspective 32.做出共同努力 make joint efforts

33. 对?有益 be beneficial / conducive to? 34.为社会做贡献 make contributions to the society 35.打下坚实的基础 lay a solid foundation for? 36.综合素质 comprehensive quality 37.无可非议 blameless / beyond reproach 39.致力于/ 投身于 be committed / devoted to?

40. 应当承认 Admittedly,

41.不可推卸的义务 unshakable duty 42. 满足需求 satisfy/ meet the needs of? 43.可靠的信息源 a reliable source of information 44.宝贵的自然资源 valuable natural resources

45.因特网 the Internet (一定要由冠词，字母I 大写) 46.方便快捷 convenient and efficient

47.在人类生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life

48.环保(的) environmental protection / environmentally friendly 49.社会进步的体现 a symbol of society progress

50.科技的飞速更新 the ever-accelerated updating of science and technology 51.对这一问题持有不同态度 hold different attitudes towards this issue 52.支持前/后种观点的人 people / those in fovor of the former/ latteropinion 53.有/ 提供如下理由/ 证据 have/ provide the following reasons/ evidence 54.在一定程度上 to some extent/ degree / in some way 55. 理论和实践相结合 integrate theory with practice 56. ?必然趋势 an irresistible trend of?

57.日益激烈的社会竞争 the increasingly fierce social competition 58.眼前利益 immediate interest/ short-term interest 59.长远利益. interest in the long run

60.?有其自身的优缺点? has its merits and demerits/ advantages and disadvantages

61.扬长避短 Exploit to the full one’s favorable conditions and avoid unfavorable ones

62.取其精髓，取其糟粕 Take the essence and discard the dregs。 63.对?有害 do harm to / be harmful to/ be detrimental to 64.交流思想/ 情感/ 信息 exchange ideas/ emotions/ information

65.跟上?的最新发展 keep pace with / catch up with/ keep abreast with the latest development of ?

66.采取有效措施来? take effective measures to do sth 67.?的健康发展 the healthy development of ? 68.有利有弊 Every coin has its two sides。 No garden without weeds。

69.对?观点因人而异 Views on ?vary from person to person。 70.重视 attach great importance to? 71.社会地位 social status

72.把时间和精力放在?上 focus time and energy on? 73.扩大知识面 expand one’s scope of knowledge 74.身心两方面 both physically and mentally

75.有直接/间接关系 be directly / indirectly related to?

76. 提出折中提议 set forth a compromise proposal

77. 可以取代“think”的词 believe, claim, maintain, argue, insist, hold the opinion/ belief that

78.缓解压力/ 减轻负担 relieve stress/ burden 79.优先考虑/发展? give (top) priority to sth。 80.与?比较 compared with?/ in comparison with 81. 相反 in contrast / on the contrary。 82.代替 replace/ substitute / take the place of

83.经不起推敲 cannot bear closer analysis / cannot hold water 84.提供就业机会 offer job opportunities 85. 社会进步的反映 mirror of social progress 86.毫无疑问 Undoubtedly, / There is no doubt that? 87.增进相互了解 enhance/ promote mutual understanding 88.充分利用 make full use of / take advantage of