保持健康的方法高中英语考试作文(精品20篇)

议论文，作为雅思写作中举足轻重的一部分，锻炼的是烤鸭们在遇到一个受人关注的话题时说理和自圆其说的能力，它培养的不仅是考生在应试时的临场反应能力，更是将来在国外生存时完成essay以及与他人沟通和交谈的能力。因此在雅思写作考试中，议论文占了将近三分之二的分值。

雅思官方对该篇作文的字数要求为不少于250字，此要求和国外留学时所需要的1000字起步的essay相比虽存在差距，但已经使许多考生头疼不已。为什么如此多的中国考生在写作过程中存在字数不达标和无话可说的情况，归根结底是由于对议论文思路扩展的那些重要切入点不够了解，没有掌握说理时的方法和技巧。下面专家将对论文思路扩展方法一一分析。

一、因果推理法

所谓议论文，最关键之处在于论述得当。支持句应使主题句更加令人信服，令考生的想法更加鲜明的呈现在考官面前。然而，中国考生在论述时往往存在一些误区：

（一）一味重复主题，空洞解释。

此类段落不论字数多少，都给人空虚的感觉。考生往往为了凑足篇幅而“不择手段”。表面看来扩展了许多，但仔细体会永远只有一个意思。不得不让考官觉得即单调又啰嗦。

（二）论述浮于表面，不达根源。

这类考生往往缺乏刨根究底的精神，总是在主旨周围绕圈子，不达中心。这也是中国考生的通病，看似八九不离十，却总也不愿把话点破，让考官怎能不又急又气。

在所有的扩展方式之中，因果推理法是最受用也是最透彻的方法。凡事先追溯到其原由，再扩展其结果，这是将主题阐述清晰、论述有力并且具有逻辑感的最佳手段。例如在“出国留学利弊”这一题目之前，若考生单纯说“有可能会使青少年学坏”，难免缺乏说服力，但若紧接着扩展“因为孩子高中毕业后思想上还不成熟，若认识不好的朋友会难以抵抗社会上不好的诱惑”，那么此论点一定会让考官眉头舒展，点头认同。由此可见，善用此推理法会让议论文如虎添翼，事半功倍。

引出原因的表达方式主要有：Because../Since.../As....

引出结果的表达方式主要有：so.../Therefore,.../Consequently,.../Accordingly,... /As a result,.../In this way,.../result in.../Thanks to.../Due to.../ Owing to..

【写作真题】Aircrafts have been increasingly used to transport fruits and vegetables to some countries where such plants hardly grow or ate out of season. Some people consider it a good trend, but some people oppose it. Discuss.

【名师献计】It is important to note that imports are now increasingly affordable to the general population. Thanks to the rapid development of the freight transport industry, air travel has become an economical mode of transport, resulting in the subsequent decrease in the cost of importing. Meanwhile, technical advance in the food processing industry has made it much easier to preserve fresh fruits and vegetables over a long-haul air flight. Because of the wide availability of imported crops, there are more varieties...

二、举例法

雅思考试有条写作指令叫做：Include relevant examples from your own experience. 所以很多考生在考试时都喜欢使用举例法（exemplification)。这一扩展方式本身无可厚非，然而在使用时几种例子是不适合的。

（一）局限于自己或朋友的例子。

此类例子往往缺乏客观性和说服力，由于第一人称的局限导致所叙述事件难免“鸡毛蒜皮”。要明白，个人不代表整体。

例：I keep my dog to avoid my loneliness and I find a lot of fun.

这样的例子让人犹如在看记叙文，和议论文很不搭调。

（二）引用过多数据。

太多专业数据会给人捏造的痕迹，缺乏真实性。考官会质疑数据的出处。

例：A survey indicates that the number of people smoking has increased to as high as 65 percent in China.（一项调查显示。。。）

"65%"让文章看起来有些假，有捏造的嫌疑。"A survey"又不够具有代表性。

（三）中国式的例子。

一个国家同样难代表世界。雅思是international的考试，不应将范围框的太局限。此外考官来自各个国家，过分使用一个国家的例子会引起他们的反感。

例：Many children in China like to play computer games for a long time, leading to their poor eyesight.

只需小小改动便可成为成功范例。

举例是为了更加形象地叙述事情。朗阁海外考试研究中心提醒考生们要注意以下原则：

（一）要来源于生活，要具有生动的论述效果。

不能过于空洞，也不能脱离现时，否则就失去了举例的意义。

（二）要客观表达。

虽然来源于身边社会，但不可让描述方式变的太鸡毛蒜皮，拿不上台面。其实这点非常容易办到，只需要把事件中某一个具体的你，我，他，变成是客观群体，比如说people across the globe, students, they之类的人称即可。

举例的常见表达方式：

for example,/for instance,（后加句子）

Such as/ like      （后加词组）

Take... as an example,

A case in point is that......

其次，在举例时还应注意尺度。

1. 应避免使用第一人称和第二人称，为了加强客观性，应将人称写成第三人称。

改正：Those people who raise pets, such as dogs and cats, are more likely to gain happiness and relieve their loneliness.（那些养宠物，例如养猫和养狗的人往往更容易获得快乐并且缓解孤独感）

2. 应避免引用一项调查研究，并同时伴有过多数据。应将数据去掉，用含糊的方法表示。

改正：There is much evidence to show that the number of people smoking has increased at an alarming rate in China. （大量证据表明。。。）

3. 应避免将例子局限在一个国家，尤其是中国。应将范围放至全世界。

改正：Many children around the world like to sit in front of the screen for a long time, leading to their poor eyesight.（在全世界，许多孩子在屏幕前待太久，导致了他们的视力减弱。

“全世界”的表达方式：around the world, all over the world, across the globe

【写作真题】The advocates of international aid believe that countries have a moral obligation to help each other, while the opponents consider it necessary, because money is misspent by the governments that receive it. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

【名师献计】This aid is essential to the homeless and useful in helping recipient countries return to their normal state after major disturbances. For example, with the humanitarian relief obtained worldwide on an annual basis, victims of natural disasters (such as tsunami, drought, flood) throughout the world can recover rapidly and rebuild their homeland.

Today is my birthday and Im so excited about it.In the morning I put a

note on the table for my mum and it said,"Today is my birthday,dont forget

it!"At school,I got many gifts and cards for my classmates and had a lot of

fun.But I was still expecting the birthday party after school.

When it was time to leave school I couldnt wait to go home.When I open the

door,there wasnt anybody in the house.There was only a note that said,"Coming

home late tonight,mum and dad."I try to call them but there was no answer.I was

so shocked,do they forget my birthday?How could this be!I was so sad that I

couldnt eat anything.I just did my homework and waited for them.

And then,things changed completely.It was about time for dinner,my mother

called and told me to go to the restanrant near our house.When I got there I

couldnt believed my eyes.Everybody was there:my parents,my relatives,my friends

and even my classmates.There was so many gifts and a big cake.What a surprising

birthday party!We had a good time and it was the best birthday party ever.

More and more people has begun to consider their mental health that plays an important role in our daily life. Nowadays ,many students suffer from mental illness ,which seriously influence on their study and daily life.

越来越多的人开始担心在日常生活中起着重要作用的心理健康。如今，许多学生都有严重影响他们学习和生活的心理问题。

Consequently, schools should take effect measures to solve this problem. The mental health consul department should be built in school to help those students who suffer from mental illness. In this way, those who are subjected to the mental illness can get rid of the unhealthy shadow and build up their confident. On the one hand, school can provide a chance for students to show their tension. On the other hand, president and teachers should try their best to help those students. In addition, giving more concentration on their physical health would help them to rebuild their mental health.

因此，学校应采取有效的措施来解决这个问题。学校应建立心理健康咨询室来帮助那些患有心理问题的学生。这样，那些正遭受心理疾病的学生可以从不健康的阴影中解脱，建立信心。另一方面，学校可以为学生提供机会来展示他们的紧张。另一方面，校长和教师应尽力帮助那些学生。此外，对他们的身体健康提供更多的关注会帮助他们重建良好的心理健康。

From what has been mentioned above, as students, we should try our best to communicate with our, friends, parents or teachers. Last but not the least; we should not hesitate to go to the mental health consult room for help when we have trouble in mental illness. Only in this way, can we reduce our mental illness, and we will become a strong and confident person in the end.

综上所述，作为学生，我们应该尽我们最大的努力与我们的朋友，父母或老师交流。最后但并非最不重要的；在我们有心理问题的时候，我们应该毫不犹豫地去心理健康咨询室求助。只有这样，我们才可以减少心理疾病，最终成为一个坚强自信的人。

China has often been criticized for the rampant practice of software piracy. Take a look around. We operate on pirated Windows systems, defend PC security with pirated Kaspersky anti-virus programmes, process files with pirated Microsoft Office, draft 3D designs with pirated AutoCAD, refine pictures with pirated Adobe Photoshop, and study English with pirated Kingsoft’s electronic dictionaries and translators. It’s no exaggeration that pirated software is everywhere。

The logic behind the phenomenon is simple and clear: if a pirated copy is available for just a tiny fraction of the normal price, not to speak of many of the free downloads online, who would pay for an authentic copy? Cheaper prices aside, easy access is another important factor. With such a large gathering of pirated upgrades around, who would bother to spend time and money searching the stores for an authorized yet outdated version?

Despite these apparent benefits, the practice of software piracy should be banned, because it represents unfair competition and by nature it’s a no-win situation. But how? Two approaches are to be taken at the same time: Technically, software developers should enhance their antipiracy engineering, so that cracking the software should be virtually impossible. And legally, the government should also tighten its antipiracy laws and toughen up the penalties, so that violations should be costly。

随着语文期末考试阅卷的结束，三年级上学期的语文教学工作也划上了句号。回顾这次期末考试，我感到比较欣慰，觉得自己辛苦的付出没有白费，所带的三年五班共46人，90分以上的23人，80分以上的20人，70分以上的2人，60分以上的1人，平均分89，优秀率93.5%，及格率100%，成绩名列年级第一。

为了了解学生掌握知识的现状，总结经验，吸取教训，制定有效措施，改进教学方法，搞好新学期的教学工作，我认真分析了试卷：从卷面情况看，大多数学生卷面整洁，字迹工整，书写习惯好；从学生的答题情况看，

（1）语文基础题部分学生完成得很好，说明学生对本册课本中的字词句等语文基础知识掌握得较牢固。在平时的教学中，我依然把识字、写字教学作为重点，因为识字、写字是贯穿整个小学阶段的重要任务。而识字的巩固又是中年级识字教学的重点，我运用多种方法尽可能让学生多接触所学的字，特别是鼓励学生在阅读中和这些生字、生词多见面最终成为朋友；根据中年级特点，我还要求学生凡是学过的字在小练笔和习作中不允许用拼音代替，让学生在具体的运用中来巩固，也就是在读写的过程中巩固和运用所学的字词；我还经常采取一些归类复习的方法，在适当的时候让学生做一些归类整理，系统地巩固生字生词。

（2）积累部分学生也完成得不错，古诗、古诗中的名句、成语、名言警句、三字经、对子歌、农谚、课文中的优美语句等的补充、默写，大多数学生基本上能做到准确。"

语文课程标准"明确指出三年级学生要"积累课文中的优美词语、精彩句段，以及在课外阅读和生活中获得的语言材料。"我常常采用多种形式鼓励学生积累自己喜欢的好词佳句，开展各种生动活泼的活动，激发学生积累语言，积淀文化的积极性，引导学生逐步养成自觉主动积累好词佳句的习惯，为提高口头和书面表达能力打好基础。

（3）考试作文要求学生按日记格式写一篇观察日记，学生作文选材面广、内容丰富，有写动物的、水果的、植物的、文具盒的、自然景观的、一处景物等，大多数学生习作语句通顺，条理清晰，把印象深刻的地方写清楚了，同时还写出了自己的想象、自己的感受。回顾自己的作文教学，我特别注重对学生观察方法的指导，让学生运用自己的所有感官来接触、来感受、来观察，留心观察身边的一切事物，强调观察的顺序，并引导学生把自己观察到的内容说清楚；引导学生观察的同时还要鼓励学生动脑思考，大胆想象；我还抓住契机，积极拓展学生取材的空间，给学生提供和创造更多的习作机会；常鼓励学生运用阅读中积累的语言材料、运用阅读中学到的表达方式，丰富自己的表达；我认真批改学生的习作，并及时讲评，评出优秀习作，在班上进行交流，并授予交流者"小作家" 称号，这很大程度上调动了学生写作的积极性。

不过，试卷中也暴露出了一些问题：

（1）试卷的积累部分有一道题比较灵活，先要求学生默写李白的诗《望天门山》，再要求学生默写一首相同类型的古诗，即再默一首描写祖国风光的古诗。大多数学生理解了题意，默对了，但有少数学生就没认真审题、思考、判断，没有默写歌颂祖国壮美山河的古诗，说明这部分学生缺乏答题技巧，审题、理解、判断能力有待加强。看来平时的古诗教学，在引导学生理解古诗意思，感受古诗意境，体会诗人情感的同时，还要重点引导学生分类积累古诗，培养学生举一反三，触类旁通的能力。

（2）学生的阅读理解和概括能力还有待加强。阅读题部分相对于其他部分来说丢分很多，特别是阅读一中，要求学生用一个词来概括一段话的内容，许多学生都答错了。这个要求对作为中年级的起始阶段、阅读才刚刚起步的三年级来说有些过高，但也说明阅读是学生的薄弱环节。

（3）习作要求学生写一篇观察日记，既然是日记，那么对日记格式自然有严格的要求。因为复习期间，我对八篇大作文的复习抓得还是挺扎实的，尤其是考试前一天，我还引导学生复习了日记格式，专门在黑板上画了格子进行了演示，所以我自以为学生的日记格式不会出问题。可结果大出我意外，我一统计，居然有18名学生忘了写日记格式！看来应用文体的教学对学生来说是个难点，应用文体的格式要在反复应用中强化，而且要加强平时的检查和纠正，通过各种有效方式使应用文的格式在学生头脑中形成深刻印象。

在以后的教学工作中，我将着重抓好以下几方面的工作：

（1）继续加强识字、写字教学，引导学生将已经掌握的识字方法迁移到新的识字、写字的学习上中，在读写的过程中巩固和运用所学的生字生词。

（2）加强词、句训练，引导学生自觉运用查字典、联系上下文等方法准确理解词语，运用联系上下文和生活实际的方法理解含义比较深刻的句子，体会课文中关键词句在表情达意方面的作用。在理解的基础上，通过背诵、摘抄等形式，积累课文中的优美词语、精彩句段，积累在课外阅读和生活中获得的新鲜语言材料。

（3）加强学生的阅读理解和概括能力的训练，引导学生在阅读中初步把握文章的主要内容，初步学习上概括文章大意，体会文章表达的思想感情。

（4）在作文教学中，着重培养学生的观察能力，引导学生留心观察周围事物，把实际生活中所看到的，听到的，想到的写下来，并愿意将自己的习作读给人听，与他人分享习作的快乐。继续进行观察日记的练笔，强化日记格式的训练。

（5）加强学生审题、理解、判断能力的训练，注意积累中的辨析和分类，培养学生举一反三，触类旁通的能力。

Today is the first day of the first month, everywhere brimming with a festive atmosphere! See families are decorated, door with Spring Festival couplets, balcony hanging red light, the relatives get together for the family reunion dinner, a toast toast blessing after the work is smooth, the study progress, family happiness! On the way, people dressed in festive costumes and dressed up to visit their friends and relatives, the Spring Festival composition 600 words. We are no exception! Mom and dad took me to visit my grandmas house. All in! Two uncle, two aunt, three uncle, three aunt, aunt, uncle, and cousin, cousin, even younger sister this "little" also come to join the fun! Adults sit on the sofa chatting, watching TV, and we children hand in hand to the room, playing "hide things" games.

People often ask and are asked that what is the most important thing in

life. Some people answer that family is the most important and others say love,

work or money. In my opinion, health is the most important in life. However, how

to keep healthy?

Firstly, being positive. A positive attitude towards life must be good to

health. It also brings you power to overcome disease. Secondly, taking exercise

regularly. Taking exercise regularly or even every day helps you build a strong

body which is the base of health. Exercise can improve the ability of the body

to fight disease. Thirdly, making friends, because friendship is an important

part to influence your health. Many studies show that people with a wide range

of social contacts get sick less than those who dont. I always feel better when

I am with friends than when I am alone. Finally, eating properly, having good

rest and building normal daily routine are aslo important to health.

Health is a problem we should attach importance to. Only build a healthy

body can us live a better life.

参考译文

人们常常会问或者被问什么是生命中最重要的东西。有的人会回答家庭是最重要的，其他人会说爱，工作和金钱是最重要的。在我看来，健康才是生命中最重要的。但是，怎样保持健康呢?

首先，要积极。对生活的积极态度一定会对健康有好处。它也会给你带来克服疾病的力量。其次，要经常锻炼。经常甚至是每天锻炼能够帮助你建立强壮的身体，这是健康的基础。锻炼可以提高身体抵抗疾病的能力。再次，要多交朋友，因为友谊是影响你健康的重要部分。很多研究表明有广泛的社会交际的人比那些没有的人更少生病。当我跟朋友在一起的时候感觉比独自一人的时候好。最后，饮食合理，休息良好以及建立规律的日常生活对健康也很重要。

健康是我们应该重视的一个问题。只有建立健康的体魄我们才可以过上更好的生活。

本次月考试卷只有笔试部分共十个题型包括单项选取，补全单词连词成句，阅读理解，口语运用，句型转换，书面表达等。既考查了学生的基础知识和基本技能，又考查了学生的交际运用潜力，但从学生成绩来看并不能到达大部分学生成绩优秀，结合学生的实际状况，反思自我的教学行为，我想就应从以下几个方面努力：

1。针对单选题及句型转换题中出现的错误，我感觉自我对学生的英语基础知识把关不够严。在以后教学中要狠抓基础知识，多提问多听写，充分利用早读让学生在有限的早读时间内掌握所学知识。

2。阅读理解是学生英语综合潜力的一种体现，是学生的弱项。加强英语阅读方法的指导以及阅读训练尤其提倡学生进行课外阅读让英语阅读成为一种习惯对学生的英语阅读潜力的提高将会有很大的帮忙。

3。英语是一门语言，语言是用来交流的工具，因此英语的交际性显得很重要，在以后的教学中能够进行课前五分钟自由对话，在运用任务型教学法，游戏教学法等多带给给学生一些交际英语的机会。

4。这次英语考试成绩基本能够，但有两极分化的趋向，在英语教学中应对全体学生关注每一个学生的成长尤其是后进生是预防两极分化的重要途径，还能够成立“一帮一”小组帮忙后进生在尽可能短的时间内提高英语成绩。

总之，每次考试都是对自我教学工作阶段性的“评价”。要及时透过考试反思自我的教学中存在的问题，在总结与反思中不断进步，不断成长这样才能在三尺讲台上表现的更精彩些!

The desire for good health is universal. In our competitive society it is important to maintain good health.

On the one hand, people with good health can do work with full confidence and their progress in work in turn contributes to their health and happiness.

On the other hand, a sick person is usually not interested in everything around him and therefore he loses many opportunities to become successful.

There are many ways to keep it. First, those who are always on the go from morning till night should find time to relax because too much stress will affect their health. Second, enough time should be left for sleep because that will help one become rested and refreshed.

Finally, regular physical exercises benefit one‘s health a lot. So one should always keep in mind that a certain amount of exercise is not a waste of time.As for me, I like playing tennis in the morning. I also attach much

就“说明对象”而言，英语说明文可分为对“客观具体事物”的说明和对“主观抽象观念”的说明两大类，比如：对“LASER（激光）”、“Computer Problem of Year XX（计算机XX年问题）”等等的说明都是对客观或者具体事物的说明，而“The Successful Interview（谈成功的面试）”、“How to Write Good English Composition（如何才能写好英语作文）” 等是对主观抽象观念的说明。对我们中学生朋友来说，在汉语说明文的教学中似乎比较侧重前者，即解释客观具体事物的说明文。但在英语说明文中，阐述和说明 “主观抽象观念”的说明文占了很大的比重，其中有些类似汉语中的议论文。但是无论是对“客观具体事物”的说明还是对“主观抽象观念”的阐述，英语说明文从结构上看大致可分为三个部分：第一部分一般是文章的第一段，提出文章的主题，也就是说，文章想要阐述、说明的主要内容；第二部分是文章的主体，可由若干个段落组成，对文章的主题进行展开说明；第三部分是结尾段，对文章的主题作归纳总结。从英语说明文的结构可以看出，要写好英语说明文的关键在于第二部分如何对文章主题进行展开说明。在英语中，常见的用来展开文章主题的方法有下列几种：

1.罗列法（listing）

在文章开始时提出需要说明的东西和观点，然后常用first，second，…and finally加以罗列说明。罗列法广泛地使用于各类指导性的说明文之中，下面这篇学生作文就是用罗列法写成的：

Early Rising

Early rising （早起） is helpful in more than one way. First， it helps to keep us fit （健康）。 We all need fresh air. But air is never so fresh as early in the morning. Besides， we can do good to our health from doing morning exercise （做早操）。

Secondly， early rising helps us in our studies. We learn more quickly in the morning， and find it easier to remember what we learn in the morning.

Thirdly， early rising enables （使能够） us to plan the work of the day. We cannot work well without a good plan. Just as the plan for the year should be made in the spring， so the plan for the day should be made in the morning.

Fourthly， early rising gives us enough time to get ready for our work， such as to wash our faces and hands and eat our breakfast properly.

Late risers may find it very difficult to form the habit of early rising. They ought to make special efforts to do so. As the English proverb says，“Early to bed and early to rise， makes a man healthy， wealthy and wise.”

罗列法经常用下列句式展开段落，我们可以注意模仿学习：

There are several good reasons why we should learn a foreign language. First of all， …Secondly， …And finally， …

We should try our best to plant more trees for several good reasons First of all， …Secondly， …And finally，

必须指出的是，有时罗列法并不一定有明确的first， second…等词，但文章还是以罗列论据展开的。

2.举例法（examples）

举例法是用具体的例子来说明我们要表达的意思，常用for example， for instance， still another example is…等词语引出。下面这篇学生作文就是用举例法写成的：

Recreation

It is impossible to keep in good health unless we take enough recreation （娱乐）。 The mind， too， needs change to make it fresh and vigorous （有活力的） There is much truth in the old saying， All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.“

There are many games which boys and girls can play after their school work is done， for instance， football， tennis， and kite-flying. Other examples of recreation are boating， fishing， gardening， cycling， walking， chess-playing， and reading. Persons who sit much at their business should take a kind of recreation that will supply their muscles （肌肉） with exercise. Those who spend most of their time in the open air and do manual work （体力活） should adopt （采纳） reading or some other quiet form of recreation.

Cycling is said to be an important means of recreation， but many persons foolishly tire out themselves by cycling too much. The same may be said in regard to football. Tennis is a pleasant form of recreation. Many persons take great delight in boating. Fishing requires much patience， and there is much danger of taking cold by sitting still on a cold day too long. A good brisk （轻松） walk is one of the finest forms of exercise. For persons engaged in outdoor labor， chess-playing is another excellent form of recreation.

可以看出，举例法和罗列法有时可以结合使用：即用罗列法来列出例子，用例子充实罗列的说明。

3.比较法（comparison and contrast）

比较法是对两个对象进行比较，从而进行说明的写作手法。比较法又可细分为比较相同点（comparison）和比较不同点（contrast）两种方法，比如：

From Paragraph to Essay

Although they are different in length （长度）， the paragraph and the essay are quite similar in structure （结构）。 For example， the paragraph starts with either a topic sentence （主题句） or a topic introducer followed by a topic sentence. In the essay， the first paragraph sets up the topic focus （主题所在） Next， the sentences in the body of a paragraph develop the topic sentence. Similarly， the body of an essay consists of a number of paragraphs that discuss and support the ideas given in the introductory （引导的） paragraph. Finally， a concluding sentence （结束句） ——whether a restatement， conclusion， or observation——ends the paragraph. The essay， too， has a concluding paragraph which ends the essay logically and satisfactorily. Although there are some exceptions （例外）， most well written expository （说明文的） paragraphs and essays are similar in structure.

可以看出，在比较相同点的时候，常用到similarly，also，too，in the same case，in spite of the difference等这样的词语。

European Football and American Football

Although European football is the parent of American football， the two games show several major differences. European football， sometimes called association football or soccer， is played in 80 countries， making it the most widely played sport in the world. American football， on the other hand， is popular only in North America （the United States and Canada）。 Soccer is played by eleven players with a round ball. Football， also played by eleven players in somewhat different positions （位置） on the field， is played with an elongated （拉长的） round ball. Soccer has little body contact （接触） between players and therefore needs no special protective equipment. Football， in which players make the greatest use of body contact to stop a running ball-carrier and his teammates， needs special protective equipment. In soccer， the ball is advanced toward the goal by kicking it or by butting （顶） it with the head. In American football， on the other hand， the ball is passed from hand to hand or carried in the hands across the opponents （对手） goal. These are just a few of the features which distinguish （区别） association and American football.

这是一篇用比较不同点的手法写的说明文。从文章中可以看出：however，on the other hand，in contrast，but，nevertheless等表示转折的词语常用来引导对不同点的比较。

4.定义法（definition）

定义法也是英语说明文中常用的写作手法，特别是在对具体事物概念进行说明时经常使用。定义法的基本要素是定义句。英语中常见定义句的模式是：

被定义对象is所属类别+限制性定语

可以看出，定义句中限制性定语越详细，定义就越精确，比如：

A bat is a small mouse-like animal that flies at night and feeds on（以……为食品）fruit and insects but is not a bird.

其实，在英—英词典中，对英语单词的英文解释就是定义法的典型例子。比如，看看Longman词典对student和teacher的定义是很有意思的：A student is a person who is studying at a place of education or training. A teacher is a person who gives knowledge or skill to sb. as a profession （专业）。

5.顺序法（sequence of time， space and process）

顺序法是指按时间、空间或过程的顺序进行说明的一种写作手法。比如按照时间顺序介绍一个科学家的生平，用空间顺序阐述逐渐开发西部的重要意义，用过程顺序法解释葡萄酒的生产过程等等。

下面这篇学生作文就是用顺序法写成的：

Coal

Coal underwent （经受） many changes before it became the bright， brittle （脆的）， black substance which we now use. During ancient times （在上古时代）， when the earth enjoyed a very warm and wet climate， the land was covered with large forests and big plants. As time went on， the ground changed and began to sink （下沉） a little. These very large numbers of trees and vegetables received a deposit （沉淀） of sand and clay. This layer of sand and clay pressed upon the layer beneath and prevented it from contact with air. These trees and plants received the pres sure and changed its appearance.

Generations after generations （几世纪后）， as the ground kept gradually sinking， another layer of sand and clay was again deposited （积聚） above the layers already formed. A great pressure was thus exerted （作用） and the peat （泥煤） was changed into the black and brittle substance which is known as coal.

Coal is a kind of mineral which is formed by nature as above stated. It is an important industrial material and is chiefly used as fuel. It is very valuable in the industrial world. The place where coal deposit is called a coal mine （煤矿）。 In China， coal mines are largely found in the north-west part of the country. Shanxi is a famous province for producing coal. It has the most coal of China.

6.分类法（classification）

分类法是将写作对象进行分类说明的一种写作手法。比如：著名的英国哲学家弗朗西斯·培根（Francis Bacon）在其脍炙人口的《谈读书》（Of Studies）一文中就用到了分类法：

Some books are to be tasted， others to be swallowed， and some few to be chewed and digested， that is， some books are to be read only in parts， others to be read， but not curiously， and some few to be read wholly， and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy， and extracts made of them by others； but that would be only in the less important arguments， and the meaner sort of books…

参考译文：书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之，有只须读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。书亦可请人代读，取其所需摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者……

——转摘自《英汉翻译教程》（张培基等）

可见，如果能够根据具体情况，选用合适的写作手法，就可为文章增添无穷的魅力。

除了上述提到的6种展开英语说明文主题的写作方法之外，还有因果法、归纳法等其他方法。但相比之下，对于中学生来说，上述6种方法是首先值得掌握的。另外必须指出的是：在一篇文章中往往是以一种写作手法为主，同时辅以其他写作手法。有时，甚至会几种写作手法混用而不分主次。因此，必须根据具体情况，选用合适的展开主题的写作手法，才能写出优秀的英语说明文。

一、审题的“精确性”

在上篇中，笔者已经介绍了部分考题中的“绝对性”的应对措施，而根据专家对于过去2年独立写作考题的分析，发现有90%以上的题目属于“支持/反对”型：

2011.01.30

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

Because the change of the society is so rapidly, people are less happy or less satisfied with their life than people did in the past time.

而剩下的则是由“对比论述型”构成的：

2011.03.13

Some people think children should spend most of their time in studying and playing while others think they should help their parents with the household chores. What’s your opinion?

在审题时，考生必须首先把题目通读1-3遍，彻底把握题目主旨后，方可进行段落布局。在这里，笔者结合自己的经验给考生们一些建议：首先，判断题目是否包含“绝对”含义的词，若有，则按照上篇讲过的建议布局，若没有，则对于同意或者反对的理由进行快速的brain storming, 然后根据分论点的数量及论点的可延展性来敲定立场：

Some people think that human needs for farmland, housing, and industry are more important than saving land for endangered animals. Do you agree or disagree with this point of view? Why or why not? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

Disagree:

1) Endangered animals are valuable because of their limited quantities

2) Environment balance

3) Endangered animals sometimes stand for the country, so they are more valuable than farmlands

Agree:

1) life quality is the top priority

2) endangered animals can be raised in the zoos

经过一番考量，假如考生得出了上述的一些分论点及想法，这时候，主体段的布局基本就可以敲定大方向了。第一种就是完全反对题目的说法，采用五段式结构布局，每个主体段论证上述三个分论点中的一个;第二种也是反对题目的说法，采用五段式结构布局，但是前2个主体段从三个分论点中选二个去论证，而第三个主体段从“同意”的二个分论点里去选一个，最后的结论还是倾向于反对的。第三种是采用四段式结构布局，即第一个主体段从三个反对意见中选择二到三个分论点去写，而第二个主体段则从赞同的分论点里去选择，数量上比前一段少一个即可，最后结论还是倾向于反对多一点。这样说是不是有些同学看了会有点“晕”呢?那下面笔者就再举个简单点的例子吧：

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Television, newspapers, magazines, and other media pay too much attention to the personal lives of famous people such as public figures and celebrities. Use specific reasons and details to explain your opinion.

Disagree:

1) Most people are common, so they want to know something about famous ones

2) Famous people stand for some fashion

3) Constrain the public figures

4) Celebrities can improve the national cohesion and unity

又经过了几分钟思考，我们得出了上述的四个分论点，但是一时半会赞同的理由实在是想不出。若考试的时候遇到这种情况，千万别犹豫不决，马上从已经想好的观点里面进行挑选。于是，这个题目我们就采用完全反对的立场，以五段式结构布局全文，主体段的分论点从上述四点中挑选三个展开论述即可。这样一来，大家是不是明白一点了呢?

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents or other adult relatives should make important decisions for their older (15 to 18 year-old) teenage children. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.

Agree: Parents make decision for children.

1) Parents have more experience

2) 15-18 years old children are not adults, so they cant take responsibility

还有一种情况就是我们只能想出两个分论点，这时候考生应该果断采用四段式布局，而这一次，两个主体段都分别论述一个同意的理由，而在结尾时，可以顺便提一些反对的理由，这样也不失为一种灵活的方法，希望考生们可以借鉴。

二、分论点的排列原则

专家提醒考生们，在布局的时候我们不是随意编排分论点的先后顺序，而是需要有一定的逻辑性和合理性。一般说来，五段式的三个主体段，若都是同意或者都是反对的理由的话，一般这些分论点有两种逻辑顺序，即第一种按照“重要性”来排，将你认为最主要的理由放在第一个主体段中详细论证;第二种是按照“小到大”的原则，即个人方面的理由先写，然后再是家庭，公司，最后再是社会，国家等。倘若所有的论点都是在一个范围内的，比如都是属于个人的论点，则这个时候要看这些分论点后续的论证内容的多少，比如某一个分论点你既举得出例子，又可以进行对比或者因果论述的话那肯定应该先写这个分论点，若某一个分论点后续能够阐述的理由只有一句话的时候那就应该果断地将其排在后面写。若文章是四段式的结构，则在一个主体段中的排列顺序和前面讲的原则是一致的。

The moment I go to high school, I have made up my mind to study hard. It is

known to all that the period of high school is the turning point of people’s

life, which may decide my future career. So I know the importance of striving

for my future. The reason why I study so hard are various. First, I want my

parents to be proud of me. When my mothers’ friends come to visit her, they

always brag about how excellent their children are, but my mother would never

take me as the topic, because she does not want me to have the pressure. I

appreciate what my mother does to me and really want her to be proud of me.

Second, If I enter a good university, I can have the promising future. It is

time for me to return my parents’ love.

母亲节就要来了，按照内容要求，写一篇以“我的母亲”为题，120~140词的英语作文。

1. 你母亲是个农村妇女，50多岁，没上过学，但懂得年轻人掌握知识的重要性，她很关心你的学习情况；

2. 你的母亲为了让你有的时间学习，总是竭尽全力来照顾你。一次，当你听说母亲病重，回家看她时，她正带病坚持为你做新衣，你激动得热泪盈眶；

3. 你母亲就是这样一位妇女，善良、勤劳，永远值得你尊敬和爱戴。

My mother is a village woman， who is already in her fifties. She had very little school education， but she knows that knowledge is of great importance to young people. She often asks me how I get along with my studies and encourages me to study hard.

My mother takes good care of me and does everything she can for me， so that I can spend more time on my study.

Once she was badly ill and had stayed in bed for several days. When I got home to see her at night， I found the light was still on and mother was sitting in bed， making new clothes for me ！ I was so deeply moved that tears came to my eyes.

Such is my mother， a kind and hard-working woman. I’ll respect and love her forever.

[关于母亲节英语考试作文

last week i went to mount emei in sichuan province with my family. early in the morning, we took a taxi to beijing west railway station. the station was very lively.

half an hour later, we got on the train. on the train, we had a lot of fun. after 26 hours, we reached sichuan. there, we took many photos and had a goodtime. 5 days later, we came back to the beijing. even though my travel seemed really short, but my memory of the pleasant trip will last long.

【翻译】

上周我去峨眉山在四川省与我的家人。清晨，我们乘坐一辆出租车到北京西站。车站很热闹。

半小时后，我们上了火车。在火车上，我们有很多的乐趣。26个小时后，我们到达了四川。在那里，我们拍了许多照片，还不错。5天之后，我们回到了北京。即使我的旅行似乎很短，但我的愉快的记忆将持续很久。

When I was very small, I was so obsessed with the movie Harry Potter. I had watched all the series and I was so impressed by the role that acted by Emma Watson. Now so many years have passed, I keep paying attention to her. Emma is as smart as the role she plays. Though she keeps filming movies, she never gives up study. She got full A in her lesson and she could go to any top university, finally she went to Brown University. When she graduated, she was invited to give the speech He For Her. She called the men to be equal with the women. The speech was welcomed by the world and people gave great support. People call Emma the England rose, she is smart and elegant, which sets the good example for the England girls.

在我很小的时候,我是如此痴迷于电影《哈利波特》。我看了所有的系列,给我留下深刻印象是艾玛沃特森扮演的角色。如今许多年过去了,我一直关注她。爱玛如她扮演的角色那样聪明。虽然她不断拍摄电影,但是她从来没有放弃学习。她所有的课程都拿到了A,可以去任何一所顶尖大学,最后她去了布朗大学。当她毕业时,她被邀请去做演讲——《他为了她》。她呼吁男性与女性平等。演讲受到全世界的欢迎,人们给予了大力支持。人们叫艾玛为英格兰玫瑰,她是聪明和优雅，成为英国女孩的榜样。

As soon as I was enrolled in college I reit a big burden off my mind. So did my classmates. We just wanted to relax. But at our first English Lesson on how to improve our study the teacher told us," There is no end to learning. You can only become a top student with additional work." And she says hard work is rewarding.

The teachers words awakened me. In fact everyone in the world is always learning. Mans talents are like wild plants. They need cutting and pruning with the tool of learning, We lears not only inside the classroom but also outside the classroom. Learning is a process in which man adapts to his surroundings. It is driven by mans desire to win respect and to contribute to society. It is the curiosity for knowledge stimulated by knowledge itself." To learn is to be young. Not to learn is to die." This saying applies to every society and to all ages.

Indeed, everyone living on earth is learning all the time. Man learns not only from books but also from his own experience We can not hope that as long as we learn we will gain benlfits. Efficient study is inseparable from good methods and motivation, A man of a strong sense of responsibility and full of ambition is insatiable in learning.

I entered the university after much efforts. I know it is only the first step on the road leading to the sea of knowledge. It is but the first page in the book of science. The further away ! am off shore, the more far-sighted! will be. The more you learn. the more you feel the need to learn. Art is long, life is short.

一进大学，我感到思想上卸了一个包袱，就像我们的同班同学一样，大家都想放松一下。可在如何提高学习水平的笫1堂英语课上，老师就对我们说：“学无止境。只有通过努力才能成为优等生。”同时还说努力学习是会有报偿的。

老师的话唤醒了我。事实上，世上每一个人都在学习。人的才能如野生植物，需要用学习这把工具予以修剪。我们不仅在课堂上学，而且还要在课外学。学习就是不断适应环境的过程。学习受“人要赢得尊重，就得对社会做贡献”的欲望所驱使。学习就是知识本身所引起的对知识的好奇。“学习使人年轻，不学习等于死亡。”这句话造用于任何社会、任何时代。

确实，世人无时不在学习。人不仅从书本上学，而且在经验中学。我们不能指望只要学习就必有所获。有效的学习是与好的方法与动机分不开的。责任心强且有抱负的人会学而不厌。

经过努力，我进了大学，但我知道，这只是通往知识海洋上的第一步，只是科学这本书中的第1页。离岸越远，视野越宽。越学越想学。生命短暂，艺术无涯。

不少同学在问了，英语作文怎么写?如何写好英语作文，下面是小编为大家收集的初中英语作文的写作方法，欢迎阅读。

初一英语写作题，题材一般是写人、写事、写物、写景、日记、书信、通知、便条等文体。一般来说，不同的写作题材，它的人物，时间，写作的重点也是不尽相同的。下面结合一些常见的题型介绍一下写作的注意事项以及写作技巧。

各地的评分标准略有差异，但是都包括以下几个方面：整体印象、语言表达、词数规定等几方面内容。我们在写作中要尽量避免扣分，争取有加分点。当然用英文写作不同于用母语那样得心应手，常常会受到生词、语法、惯用法的限制，只要同学们平时注意两种语言的异同性，抓住写作要点，也可妙笔生花。

1、为了保证文章层次分明、条理清楚，要把时间固定下来，如：记叙一件事要用过去时;写经常发生的事或对人物的描写，要用一般现在时。整个文章中的人称要一致，首尾呼应，不要随意改动，以免造成误解。

2、不要为了追求“一鸣惊人”而去找一些生冷的词汇，对这些一知半解的词你不会用，不知道如何搭配，结果可能适得其反，使文章显的生硬、不协调，甚至错误百出，所以要使用有把握的词，避免不必要的失分。比如说发生了一起意外事件，我们通常用“have an accident ”来表示，不要错误的使用“have an incident”。

3、注意不同语言的表达习惯，也是写好英语作文的重要环节，如“我的理想是做一名歌手”，很多同学写成“My ambition is to do/make a singer，” “to do”表示“做”或者“干”，“to make”表示“制作”，而“做一名歌手”则表示“成为一名歌手”应该用“be/become a singer”;又如“看书、看报”应用“read a book/newspaper”，而不是“see a book/newspaper”。因此，平时应该注意不同语言的表达习惯，切忌望文生义或一味生搬硬套。

4、有些同学因怕出错而只写短句或简单句，写出的文章过于幼稚、空洞乏味。要使文章有血有肉就要把平时学的知识用进去，如：定语从句、宾语从句、非谓语动词和比较等句型，关键时用上一、二个，就能使文章不同凡响，更有文采，特别是对关联词的使用，如“so that”、“not…but ”“not only...but also”等，会使你的文章逻辑结构紧密、层次鲜明、条理清楚，更能显示出你的英文功底，但要做到这些并非一日之功，要靠平时的不断训练和积累。

5、最简单的增分点就是认真的书写。工整漂亮的书写会给评卷老师留下美好的第一印象，在扣分时自然会“手下留情”，而且很多地区都在写作上有1分的书写分。只要平时多下点功夫，得到这一分并不难。

注意事项

最后将英语写作的基本步骤和技巧归纳为以下几个环节：

1、细心审题细读题目中每一项提示或观察所给的每一幅画，明确文章的中心思想，弄清题意，确定写作体裁，掌握所要表达的要点做到心中有数，避免随心所欲，文不对题。

2、理顺要点在所给提示或图上标出要点，然后按事件先后的顺序或各要点之间的内在联系排序，分出层次。如果是看图作文，则要按图构思，这样做既可避免要点遗漏，又可使表达内容条理清楚。

3、构成框架将理顺的要点或每幅图画的含义加以连贯，构成写作的整体框架，进一步定人称、定时态语态、定顺序、定段落、定开头结尾。基本框架构成后，写作就有了把握。

4、组织句子用自己最熟悉的短语或句型将理顺的要点逐句表达出来，多用简单句，用有把握的复合句。要扬长避短，避难就易。若遇到表达障碍，可换一种说法，将一句变成两、三句，只求达意。

5、串句成篇将写好的句子连贯地组织起来，注意上下句的逻辑关系，适当采用递进、让步、转折、因果等关联词语，使短文浑然一体，层次分明，过渡自然。6、检查修改文章草成后，默读1～2遍，检查修改，尤其要注意人称、大小写、拼写、习惯用语、格式有无错误，要点有无遗漏，文句有无语病，词数是否恰当，行文是否连贯。

英语写作水平的提高是一个渐进的过程，只要同学们在平时多加训练，多读文章，做一个有心人，就能在英语作文中取得理想的成绩

Under the take care of my mother, my eating habit is very regular. I often

eat porridge in the morning. Sometimes my mother will prepare some pickles for

me. But sometimes I will put an egg into the porridge to have the egg porridge.

At noon, I will eat in school canteen. Sometimes I will have noodles. At night,

my mother will prepare a big meal for me. After dinner, I will eat a little

fruit.

Every child has pocket money, when they get the money from parents, most of them will buy what they want and spend the money quickly. Parents will give their children pocket money in the certain time, the children can use the money in a wise way. They can take out some money to buy what they need, like the food and clothes, there are still some money left, what should they do to deal with the rest of the money? I advise the children to save the money, they can keep it, and in case of their special need. I will save the money to take a trip in the summer vacation, my parents will agree with my plan, because I take out the money, they have no reason to go against me. Sometimes I will use the saved money to support my emergent situation, so there is no need for them to worry about me.

每个孩子都有零花钱，当父母给钱他们的时候，大部分人会买他们想要的，钱很快就被用完了。父母会在特定的时间给他们的孩子零花钱，孩子可以用更加理智的方式使用钱。他们可以拿出一些钱来买他们需要的，比如食物和衣服，仍然会有一些钱剩下了，他们应该怎么处理剩下的钱呢?我建议孩子们把钱省下来，他们可以存起来，以防特殊的需要。我会把钱省下来，在暑假里去旅游，父母会同意我的计划，因为我出的钱，他们没有理由反对我。有时候我会使用存起来的钱来应对我的紧急情况，这样就不必让父母担心我。

健康的生活习惯对于成长中的我们是非常重要的。你认为健康的生活习惯应当是怎样的呢?请根据下面的信息提示，写一篇短文，首句已给出。

信息提示：健康饮食;早睡早起，不熬夜;参加运动，强身健体。

要求：根据信息提示，把握要点，适当发挥，不逐字翻译。字数在80词左右。

★ 范文

I think healthy habits are very important for us.

All of us want to be healthy. First, we should get enough sleep during the night. We can go to bed early and get up early. Staying up late is bad for our health. Second, we must have the right kinds of food. We should eat more fruit and vegetables and less meat. We should drink a lot of water. We should have healthy eating habits. Third, we should do more exercise to build up our bodies. Finally, we should wash hands before meals and brush our teeth twice a day. If we don’t feel well, we should go to see the doctor at once.

or every student, meeting a good teacher is very important, it will change their lives. I am so lucky that I met a good teacher and she opened the new chapter of my life. I will never forget the things she taught me.

对于每一个学生来说, 遇到一个好老师是非常重要的,它将改变他们的生活。我很幸运,我遇到了一个好老师,她打开了我人生的新篇章。我永远不会忘记她教给我的东西。

When I was in high school, I felt so bored about the English class, because I did not understand it. Miss Li was my English teacher, she found my attitude to her class. One day, when the class was over, she asked me to her office. She did not blame me for sleeping in her class, instead, she smiled and asked me the opinion about her class. I said her class was a little  boring and I thought she would be angry. Miss Li smiled and agreed with me. She asked me to give some opinion. I was so surprised that she was so kind. Miss Li improved her class and I became very active.

当我在高中的时候,对于英语课,我感到很无聊，因为我听不懂。李老师是我的英语老师,她发现我对她课的态度。有一天,在下课的时候,她叫我去她的办公室。她没有怪我在她的课上睡觉,相反,她笑了笑,问我对她课的意见。我说她的课有点无聊,我以为她会生气。李老师笑着赞同我。她叫我给一些意见。我很惊讶,她是如此的友善。李老师改善她的课,我变得非常活跃。

Though I enter  the college, I will never forget Miss Li’s class and the things she taught me. She respects me and makes me important. I am so thankful to her.

虽然我进入了大学,我将永远不会忘记李老师的课和她教给我的东西。她尊重我,让我变得重要。我很感谢她。