北京高考英语作文题目【20篇】

1.dogoodto(对。。。有益)，doharmto(对。。。有害）

Readingdoesgoodtoourmind.

2.Thereisnodenyingthat+S+V…(不可否认的。。。）

Thereisnodenyingthatbecomingavolunteerphasized.

20.由于这些理由，我…Forthesereasons,I….

21.总而言之…Inconclusion,…=Tosumup,…

22.因此我们能下个结论，那就是…

Wecan,therefore,cometotheconclusion(that)子句

23.如果我们能做到如上所述，毫无疑问地…

Ifwecandoasmentionedabove,therecanbenodoubt(that)子句

24.因此，这就是…的原因Thus,thisisthereasonwhy….

25.所以，我们应该了解…Therefore,weshouldrealize(that)子句

26.因此，由上列的讨论我们可以明了…

We,therefore,canmakeclearfromtheabovediscussion(that)子句

27.1.从～观点来看…Fromthe～pointofview,…

2.根据～的看法…Accordingto～pointofview,….

假若你是《21th century》报纸的编辑，有一学生向你写了如下的一封信，请你根据来

信的内容写一封回信，帮他出出主意。字数约为100左右。

Dear Editor,

My physics teacher is very strict with us. I often feel nervous in his classes because we are punished by being made to stand for a few minutes if we cant answer his questions. Its embarrassing (尴尬) to be made to stand in class, so I hate physics classes. However, I really want to do well in physics. What should I do?

Yours sincerely

Zhang Ying

Dear Zhang Ying,

I am sorry you are having difficulty with your physics classes. Teachers have many different ways of encouraging students to put in more effort — it seems as though your physics teacher thinks fear is the best way! He does it because he thinks it will produce results. If you feel that it is stopping you from doing your best then you should tell him. You say you want to do well in physics and if your teacher knows this, he will be pleased. It is only when students are not trying as hard as they can that a teacher is forced to take action. If he is aware of your worries, perhaps he will suggest other ways of helping you improve your work.

Editor

张颖

亲爱的张颖，

我很抱歉你在物理课上遇到了困难。老师们有许多不同的方式鼓励学生投入更多的精力，这似乎是你的物理老师认为恐惧是最好的方式！他这样做是因为他认为这会产生结果。如果你觉得这是阻止你做你最好的，那么你应该告诉他。你说你想在物理方面做得很好，如果你的老师知道这一点，他会很高兴的。只有当学生没有尽可能地努力，他们可以教师被迫采取行动。如果他知道你的担心，也许他会建议其他的方法来帮助你改善工作。

编辑

《跨越不息，踵业增华》

历经十余载咬牙拼搏，从奥运会顺利举办的欣喜到冬奥更上一层楼的突破，跨越不息，体育事业蓬勃发展，国家民族进步不息，“双奥之城”如明星高悬，青年披星前行，跨越不止，韬光避薮，自将踵业生辉。

跨越不息，体育事业不断突破，追求卓越光芒世界。

在体育场上，中国的运动员们从来都是以滴水穿石追求完美的姿态，突破身体的界限，完成动人的跨越。点点追求卓越的付出汇聚成十余载前后呼应的非凡成就，将中国的体育事业推上世界高峰。梦回零八年，龙清泉圆满中国举重金牌梦;忆起当年，谷爱凌以中国小将之称再续辉煌。他们跨越身体的病痛，跨越压力的阈值，带着最终奖牌数跨越历史成绩、全民运动和冰雪活动跨越无人问津;体育事业蓬勃发展更是离不开新鲜血液的激荡，“功崇惟志，业广惟勤。”我们青年若怀追求卓越之心跨越艰难险阻，佳绩可创，奇迹能求。

跨越不息，综合国力更上新高，国家强盛日拱一卒。

忆往昔“鸟巢”点亮世界，京张铁路通驰，污水处理系统全面完善，中国国力刻下光荣的丰碑，成就历历在目;看今朝智慧场馆与服务熠熠生辉，精准气象预报助推成功，高忒运营凌世界之巅，生产总值迎来巨大突破，中国跨越永不停歇，追求卓越一直行稳航道;“日拱一卒，功不唐捐。”历经十余载静水流深，国家终以冬奥为契机挥洒笔墨绘出中国的宏大图景。激三千以崛起，中国的强盛日益高扬;向九万而迅征，综合国力的发展也正鞭策着我们青年奋力跨越，不啻微芒，厚积薄发。

跨越不息，民族复兴方兴未艾，投身洪流踔厉奋发。

双奥的成就根植于民族复兴的前行未止;民族复兴的春潮滚滚向前，作为青年的我们，也应激荡满腔热血，跨越自身的局限，跨越传统的束缚，引领民族跨越前行的障碍，引领时代跨越前行的鸿沟，迈向无限的荣光，迈向永恒的荣耀。梁启超有言：“少年强则国强，少年智则国智。”双奥课间，任子威、苏翊鸣之辈是我们前进的标杆，唯有将跨越深植于内心，熔铸青年的血肉与灵魂，方可成为鲁迅先生笔下“中国的脊梁”，民族复兴也将于跨越不止的经霜犹茂之志中勇攀高峰。

跨越不息，体育人跨越身体的苦痛，国家民族跨越发展的困难，而我们跨越自身的局限，虽十年饮冰也依旧热血难凉。未来前行，卓越无止，跨越不息，踵事增华。

I often imagine what my life will be like in the future.I think my life will be very different in ten years.I will be twenty-eight years old by then.I will have my own family,probably with a lovely child.I hope I’ll work in a computer company as a program designer.I’ll enjoy my work and get along well with my colleagues.I’ll do a good job in whatever I do.In my free time,I’ll continue to take regular exercise,such as swimming,running and various ball games.On my holidays,I’ll travel around the world.In a word,my life will be much richer and more colorful.

A Friend of Mine

I have several friends. Wang Lin is my best friend. He is eleven years old. He comes from Beijing.

Wang Lin came here three years ago. He came with his parents. His father is an engineer and his mother is a middle school teacher. He has no brothers or sisters. He is the only child of his parents.

We are classmates at school, so we see much of each other.He is fond of English and I am good at maths. We always help each other. Both of us have made GREat proGREss in our studies.

We have made up our minds to study harder and win still GREater success in our studies.

[以A Friend of Mine为题目的初三英语作文

Immoral Behavior in Public

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Immoral Behavior in Public. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:

1.我们经常在公共场合见到各种不道德的行为，叙述你的一次相关经历。

2.这些不文明行为会有哪些影响。

3.我们应该怎样改善这种现象。

【范文】

To witness immoral behavior in public, one need only visit the Beijing subway. I still remember the first time I took the Beijing subway. It was an early morning. I was in a hurry to go to school. When I was trying to get a ticket, I found a lot of people waiting in front of me, but nobody was in the line.

只要访问北京的地铁，就可以目睹公众场所的不道德行为。我还记得我第一次在北京做地铁。那是一个清晨。我急于去学校。当我努力买票的时候，我发现很多人在前面等着，但是没有一个人在排队。

Immoral behaviors in public initiate a series of problems. One of the most serious ones is that it may exert a negative impact on our sense of social responsibility. We will keep ignoring other people’s rights and feelings, and in turn, we too will be disrespected some day.

公众场所的不道德行为引发了一系列问题。其中最严重的是，它可能会对我们的社会责任感产生负面影响。我们将继续忽视其他人的权利和感情，反过来，我们也有一天会不被尊重的。

The reform of this phenomenon is certainly not easy. With an eye on practical implementation and cost effectiveness , I propose that society make it clear in every way that people who fail to respect the common good will be seriously punished. Stricter policies for this should be made to correct this phenomenon as soon as possible.

改变这一现象肯定是不容易的。从实际的执行和成本效益上看，我认为社会应该在各方面明确指出谁不尊重共同利益将受到严厉的惩罚。应该尽快制定这严厉的政策来纠正这一现象。

We all expect “A World without Thieves". Everyone shares the huge responsibility of demonstrating his or her justice at the proper time. Personal responsibility is vital to build a harmonious socialist society.

我们都希望“天下无贼”。所有人都该承担巨大的社会责任在适当的时候展示他或她的正义感。个人的责任是构建社会主义和谐社会的关键。

[公共场合不道德的行为高考英语作文

1、关于这个问题，大家意见不同。

Opinions are divided about/on the problem.

2、百分之八十的学生喜欢校服。

Eighty percent of the students like school uniforms.

3、他们认为校服设计得好。

They think the uniforms are well designed.

4、其余的人对校服不感兴趣。

Therest are not interested in school uniforms.

5、三分之一的学生住得离学校近。

One third of the students live near their school.

6、一半多学生要花50分钟才能到学校。

More than half of the students spend 50 minutes on the way to school.

7、很少的人坐小汽车上学。

Few of them go to school by car.

8、2020年，这个城市将会有三百万辆汽车。

There will be 3 million cars in the city in 2020.

9、他们每天花一个半小时做作业。

It takes them an hour and a half to do their homework every day.

10、他们学了一年多英语了。

They have learned English for more than a year.

2015年11月，全国中东部地区17省市持续雾霾，陷入大范围的重度和严重污染。造成这一现象的主要原因是工厂排出的废气和汽车尾气等。绿色低碳，保护环境，从我们身边小事做起。现请你根据以下三个方面的提示，以“Let’s Do Something to Save Our Environment”为题写一篇80词左右的短文。

内容包括：

1.重要性：只有一个地球。

2.主要问题：污染、疾病、灾难。

3.措施：停止污染、保护大自然。

Let’s Do Something to save Our Environment

We all live on the earth. The earth is our home. We have only one earth. We must take care of it. It gives us the best environment. If we harm it, it will be angry. And then we will have a terrible end. There are three problems in our earth, they are pollution, disaster and illness.

It’s our duty to protect our environment. So we must plant more trees, protect the flowers and the trees, save energy, reduce the pollution. We should ask our government to control the pollution from the factories.

Protecting the nature is very important. It’s our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy.

If everyone makes a contribution to protecting the environment, the earth will become much more beautiful.

大作文(50分)从下面两个题目中任选一题，按要求作答。不少于700字。

①《白鹿原上奏响一支老腔》记述老腔的演出每每“撼人胸腑”，令人有一种“酣畅淋漓”的感觉。某种意义上，可以说“老腔”已超越其艺术形式本身，成为了一种象征。

请以“‘老腔’何以令人震撼”为题，写一篇议论文。要求：从老腔的魅力说开去，不要局限于陈忠实散文的内容，观点明确，论据充分，论证合理。

②书签，与书相伴，形式多样。设想你有这样一枚神奇的书签：它能与你交流，还能助你实现读书的愿望……你与它之间会发生什么故事呢?请展开想象，以“神奇的书签”为题，写一篇记叙文。要求：表现爱读书、读好书的主题;有细节，有描写。

微写作(10分)从下面三个题目中任选一题，按要求作答。

①高中阶段的学习最需要注意什么?请给即将进入高中学习的同学提一两条建议。要求条理清楚，言之有物。150字左右。

②很多家长在微信或QQ等媒体上建立了班级“家长群”。请对这种现象发表评论。要求言之成理，自圆其说。150字左右。

③请以“荷”为题，写一首诗或一段抒情文字。不超过150字。

图表作文框架

As is shown by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart)

has been on rise/ decrease (increases/drops/decreases),有表格或图像可以看出。

significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______

to ______ in _____. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes

without saying that _毫无疑问的看出_______.

There are at least two good reasons accounting for __这里至少有两个原因可以对_ X X

作出解释__. On the one hand, _一方面

_____. On the other hand, ______ is due to the fact that ________.

另一方面---的原因是。。。In addition, 而且

_______ is responsible for _______. Maybe there are some other reasons to

show _也许有其他原因要展示

_______. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are

commonly convincing. As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that

_______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.

it’s in april now. this mouth may be the busiest one during half of my high school life. there are some arrangements for the month below:

april.2nd the composition contest for chucai cup

april.9th biology

april.17th hope cup

april.26th & 27th the mid term examinations

during the whole month finish a plan for the competition of class meetings

besides these, i also have to swim in the sea of homework, and i’m not willing to give up any precious time for sleeping at the same time. so i felt that days has suddenly became short. complaints came almost every day at first, but now i got used to this kind of lifestyle. maybe busy life is suitable for me.

when i got up in the morning, i started thinking about the things i had to finish. then i would be afraid of wasting a second so i should finish the plans one be one. at last, i would feel tired. sleeping is more important than the unfinished things. i went to bed and slept soundly soon. all day i only do two things-working and resting, thus i have no time to go off into wild flights of fancy. “never trouble troubles until trouble troubles you!” now i think that i have no time to trouble troubles except some difficulties of my wok trouble me!

in another way, maybe a busy life can prove that i have abilities to do lots of things in many fields. please don’t laugh at me. when feeling tired, this thought can always

maybe schoolmates in grade 3 will look down upon these busy experiences of mine. but during the busier lives of yours, you can remind yourselves like me that never trouble troubles.

同学们，当我们坐在电视机前收看丰富多彩的节目时，当我们手按鼠标在计算机的世界里畅游时，当我们用智能手机完成购物和支付时，我们可曾想过：是什么给我们的生活带来这么多的变化?是科技!是的，科学技术的巨大力量改变了我们身边的一切，改变了整个世界!

在世界的东方，我们的先人发明了火药，指南针，印刷术，造纸术，创造了辉煌的科技史。到了21世纪的今天，我国的经济实力明显增强，GDP已经达到世界的第二位。科技实力不断进步：高铁，歼20，国产大飞机，055大型导弹舰艇和国产航母，北斗导航，量子通信，超级计算机……我国的综合国力进一步增强，我们向中华民族复兴的伟大目标，跨近了一大步。

少年强，则国强。少年进步，则国进步。我们是社会主义事业的接班人，是新时代的力量。学习新思想，做好接班人，正是我们这一代青少年所应担当的历史使命。

我想要成为一名科学家。我要像苏步青一样去探索数学的奥秘;我要像袁隆平一样解决人们的贫困和饥饿的问题;我要像屠呦呦一样让人们不受疟疾的侵扰。我要勤于思考，勇于探索，善于观察，从身边的小事做起，不计较于自己个人的得失。这些，都是为了祖国的明天繁荣富强，为了造福人类。

我们幸运地生长在一个崭新的时代，科学的花朵从来没有像今天这样鲜艳夺目，科学的道路从来没有像今天这样宽广。同学们，让我们从小就培养起爱科学，学科学的好习惯，树立科学精神，勇攀科学高峰，去创造美丽的家园。

"路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索。"面对新时代的挑战，我们只有树立坚强的信念，刻苦学习，才能做好新时代的接班人，实现我们的中国梦。

阅读下面的材料，根据要求写一篇不少于800字的文章：

近年来，素有“语林啄木鸟”之称的《咬文嚼字》开设专栏，为当代着名作家的作品挑错，发现其中确有一些语言文字和文史知识差错。对此，这些作家纷纷表示理解，并积极回应。中国作协主席铁凝诚恳地感谢读者对她的作品“咬文嚼字”;莫言被“咬”之后，也表达了自己的谢意，他表示，请别人挑错，可能是消除谬误的好办法。

要求：1.选准角度，自定立意;2.自拟题目;3.除诗歌外，文体不限，文体特征鲜明;4.不要脱离材料内容及含意的范围。

当代风采人物评选活动已产生最后三名候选人，老李，笃学敏思，矢志创新，为破解生命科学之谜做出重大贡献，率领团队一举跻身国际学术最前沿。老王，爱岗敬业，练就一手绝活，变普通技术为完美艺术，走出一条从高职生到焊接大师的“大国工匠”之路。小刘，酷爱摄影，跋山涉水捕捉世间美景，他的博客赢得网友一片赞叹：“你带我们品味大千世界“”你帮我们留住美丽乡愁”。

这三人中，你认为谁更具风采?请综合材料内容及含意作文，体现你的思考、权衡与选择。

要求选好角度，确定立意，明确文体，自拟标题;不要套作，不得抄袭。

下面是由语文网为大家整理的高分英语写作九大攻略，希望对你有帮助。

一、文章及段落起始常用的过渡词语

to begin with 首先

【例】To begin with, smoking should be banned in public areas. 首先，在公共场合应该禁烟。

first of all 第一，首先

【例】First of all, many people in remote areas still live in poverty. 第一，在偏远地区许多人还生活在贫困中。

in the first place 首先

【例】In the first place, she can read at the rate of 100 words a minute. 首先，她能每分钟阅读100字。

generally speaking 总体上讲

【例】Generally speaking, the more you practice, the more skillfully you can write in English. 总体上讲，练习地越多，你用英文写作就越熟练。

二、文章及段落结尾常用的过渡词语

therefore, thus 因此

【例】Taking exercise helps us build up our body and keep a clear mind. Therefore, we can work more efficiently.

锻炼可以帮助我们增强体质及保持清醒的头脑。因此，我们能够更有效率地工作。

in conclusion 总之，最后

【例】In conclusion, people around the world should be aware of the real situation of water shortage, protect the present water resources and explore potential ones scientifically.

最后，全世界人民都应该意识到水资源短缺的现状，保护现有水资源并科学地开发潜在资源。

in brief 简言之

【例】In brief, birth control is of vital importance in China.

简言之，计划生育对中国来说是十分重要的。

to sum up 总而言之

【例】To sum up, out of sight, out of mind.

总而言之，眼不见，心不烦。

in a word 总之

【例】In a word, to read the original work is better than to see the film adapted from it.

总之，读原著胜过看基于它改编的电影。

三、常用表示先后次序的过渡词语

first 第一;second 第二;next 其次，然后;eventually 最后，最终;since then 自此以后;afterward 以后，随后;meanwhile 同时;therefore 因而;immediately 立刻;finally 最后，最终

四、常用表示因果关系的过渡词语

accordingly 于是;for this reason 由于这个原因;as a result of 作为……结果;in this way 这样;consequently 结果，因此;due to 由于……; therefore 因而;because of 因为;thus因为;thanks to 由于

【例】When playing sports, you need to judge your competitor’s strategy and revise yours accordingly. 参加体育活动时，你需要判断对手的策略并相应调整你的策略。

五、常用表示比较和对比的过渡词语

in contrast with 和……成对照;similarly 同样;whereas 然而;on the contrary 相反; different from与……不同;likewise同样; equally important 同样重要; on the other hand 另一方面;however 然而

【例】On the one hand, tonics will make us put on weight, which does harm to our health, but on the other hand, they can help refresh us.

一方面，补品会使我们变胖，这对我们健康不利。但另一方面，补品又能使我们有精神。

六、常用表示举例的过渡词语

a case in point 恰当的例子;for example 举例;namely( that is ) 即，这就是说;for instance 举例

【例】A case in point is the water control project along the Yangtze River.

一个恰当的例子就是长江沿线的水控项目。

七、有关描写图表的过渡词语

during this time 在此期间

【例】During this time, more women took various jobs. 在此期间，更多的妇女找到了各种各样的工作。

apart from 除了……之外

【例】Apart from the figures, the information below the table also suggests the growth of production. 除了数据之外，表格下面的信息同样也反应了生产量的增长。

compared with 与……相比较

【例】Compared with the percentage of the base year, it jumped by 15 percent. 与基准年相比，上升了百分之十五。

from the above table/ chart/ graph 根据上图 (表) 所示

【例】From the above chart, it can be seen that changes do occur in society. 从上面的图表来看社会确实发生了变化。

八、常用表示强调的过渡词语

furthermore 此外;moreover 而且;besides 此外;in fact 实际上;also 而且，也;indeed 的确;again 另外，还;in particular 尤其，特别;naturally 当然，自然，必然

【例】Naturally, he denied that he had committed the crime. 他必然不承认自己犯罪了。

九、逻辑连接词语

先后次序关系：second; last but not the least; seeing …

原因、结果关系：so …; as a result of this; consequently; in consequence

转折关系：even though; though; regardless of

并列关系：also; as well as; either…or…

递进关系：not only…but also…; in order to do it …; accordingly

比较关系：when in fact …; similarly; compared with

对比关系：on the contrary; contrary to; conversely

举例关系：as he explains; like; put it simply; for one thing … for another …

强调关系：particularly; to be true; other things being equal

条件关系：if so; if possible; provide that

归纳总结关系：in brief; in short; the conclusion can be drawn that …

英文写作中常用的句子有哪些?下面来看看小编为大家整理的内容吧。

Never think yourself above business.勿自视过高;不要眼高手低;永远不要认为自己是大才小用。

Life is measured by thought and action, not by time. 衡量生命的尺度是思想和行为，而不是时间。

It pays to help others. 帮助别人是值得的。

It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。

He that thinks his business below him will always be above his business.自命大才小用，往往眼高手低。

Business may be troublesome,but idleness is pernicious.事业虽扰人，懒惰害更大。

We should get into the habit of keeping good hours.我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。

We should bring home to people the value of working hard.我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。

Time tries truth.时间检验真理。

Time past cannot be called back again.光阴一去不复返。

Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.违反交通规则的人应该受到处罚。

There is no one but longs to go to college.人们都希望上大学。

The progress of thee society is based on harmony.社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。

The great use of life is to spend it for something that overlasts it.生命的最大用处是将它用于能比生命更长久的事物上。

Taking exercise is closely related to health.做运动与健康息息相关。

Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports.既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃作运动。

常用短语：

1. 有利有弊 Every coin has its two sides。(不推荐用。。。) No gardenwithout weeds。

2. 对…观点因人而异 Views on …vary from person to person。

3. 重视 attach great importance to…

4. 社会地位 social status

5. 把时间和精力放在…上 focus time and energy on…

6. 扩大知识面 expand one’s scopeof knowledge

7. 身心两方面 both physically and mentally

8. 有直接/间接关系 be directly / indirectly related to…

9. 提出折中提议 set forth a compromise proposal

10. 可以取代 “think”的词 believe, claim, hold the opinion/beliefthat

11. 缓解压力/ 减轻负担 relievestress/ burden

12. 优先考虑/发展… give (top) priority to sth。

13. 与…比较 compared with…/ in comparison with

14. 对这一问题持有不同态度 hold different attitudes towards this issue

15. 支持前/后种观点的人 people / those in favor of theformer/latteropinion

16. 有/ 提供如下理由/ 证据 have/ provide the followingreasons/evidence

17. 在一定程度上 to some extent/ degree / in some way

18. 理论和实践相结合 integratetheory with practice

19. …必然趋势 an irresistible trend of…

20. 日益激烈的社会竞争 the increasingly fierce social competition

21. 眼前利益 immediate interest/ short-term interest

22. 长远利益. interest in the long run

23. …有其自身的优缺点 … has its merits and demerits/ advantagesanddisadvantages

24. 扬长避短 Exploit to the full one’s favorableconditions andavoidunfavorable ones

25. 取其精髓，去其糟粕 Take the essence and discard the dregs。

26. 对…有害 do harm to / be harmful to/ be detrimental to

27. 交流思想/ 情感/ 信息 exchange ideas/ emotions/ information

28. 跟上…的最新发展 keep pace with / catch up with/ keep abreastwiththe latest development of …

29. 采取有效措施来… take effective measures to do sth。

30. …的健康发展 the healthy development of …

31. 相反 in contrast / on the contrary。

32. 代替 replace/ substitute / take the place of 大写)

33. 经不起推敲 cannot bear closer analysis / cannot hold water

34. 提供就业机会 offer job opportunities

35. 社会进步的反映 mirror of social progress

36. 毫无疑问 Undoubtedly, / There is no doubt that…

37. 增进相互了解 enhance/ promote mutualunderstanding

38. 充分利用 make full use of / take advantage of

39. 承受更大的工作压力 suffer from heavier work pressure

40. 保障社会的稳定和繁荣 guarantee the stability and prosperity ofoursociety

41. 更多地强调 put more emphasis on…

42. 适应社会发展 adapt oneself to the development of society

43. 实现梦想 realize one’s dream/ make one’s dream come true

44. 主要理由列举如下 The main reasons are listed as follows:

45. 首先 First， Firstly， In the first place, To begin with

46. 其次 Second, Secondly, In the second place

47. 再次 Besides，In addition, Additionally,Moreover,Furthermore

48. 最后 Finally, Last but not the least, Above all, Lastly,

49. 总而言之 All in all, To sum up, In summary, In a word,

《“泻玉”化用借古 “改编”融汇新故》

2022年高考全国甲卷语文作文题以《红楼梦》中匾额题名的故事为引，其中提到了“借鉴化用”的手法。笔者由此联想：“借鉴化用”是否属于再创作?“借鉴化用”在什么情况下构成著作权法意义上的“改编”?若构成“改编”，“借鉴化用”的法律边界何在?

“借鉴化用”不一定构成“改编”

文学艺术领域的“化用”含义丰富，既包括借表达上的词句，又包括借思想上的文意或语境。但并非任何一种“化用”都能构成著作权法意义上的“改编”。

事实上，后人的创作总是站在前人的肩膀上，难以避免地要利用前人的思想成果。倘若将思想私有化、垄断化，会打击创作热情。因此，“改编”作为《著作权法》中的术语也只讨论表达上的借，而不纠结思想上的借。换言之，“改编”须以原作的基本表达为创作基础，如果后作与原作在表达上已不存在实质性的相似，只有思想上的相似，那么此时后作可能构成“独创”，而不再是“改编”。在“泻玉”一题中，“泻”字虽取自欧阳修的“泻出于两峰之间”，但只拈出了其中一字，难谓是原作的基本表达，而更多的是承载水流飞泻而下之意象。

新增独创性表达的“化用”构成“改编”。《著作权法》保护的是智力成果，独创性则是人类精神文明之花得以绽放的智力源泉。根据我国《著作权法》第十条的规定，改编权是指“改变作品，创作出具有独创性的新作品的权利”。这意味着改编不是毫无门槛，而是要在原作的表达基础上进一步进行独立的创作，且新创作的表达须拥有最低限度的创造性。

反之，如果新增表达不符合独创性要求，则其整体仍属于对前作的复制，不构成新的改编作品。就“泻玉”二字而言，摘“泻”添“玉”，虽传达了创作者以玉比水的联想，但是表达太短，难以完整且个性化地展现创作者的思想情感、文艺美感或是传递一定量的信息。故“泻玉”之匾额题名难谓新增独创性的表达。

构成“改编”不一定属于合法“改编”

改编判断独立于侵权认定，构成改编亦可能涉嫌侵权。是否构成改编属于作品判断，只要后作相对于原作具有一定的独创性，即可构成改编作品，而改编行为是否侵犯他人著作权则是侵权认定。改编者在曾接触过原作的条件下，如果未经原作著作权人许可使用原作的表达，且增加了新的独创性内容，在作品判断层面，新作完全可能构成改编作品;在侵权认定层面，改编者仍然会侵犯原作著作权人的复制权和改编权。

改编的法律边界不仅限于尊重原作者改编权，还需尊重原作者的保护作品完整权。保护作品完整权属于著作人身权，是指保护作品不受歪曲、篡改的权利，而改编必然涉及对原作的改变。此时，二者便可能发生冲突。为平衡原作者的人格利益与文学艺术的创作自由，实践中要求改编人的改编须控制在合理的限度之内。

具体而言，改编人在主观上不能带有贬损原作或原作者声誉的故意，在客观上没有造成原作或原作者声誉受损的结果。因此，改编人应尽量在事前与原作者协商，明确改编权的行使边界，以最大可能降低侵权风险。

综上所述，“泻玉”式创作，尽管没有直接复制，在一定程度上体现了创作者的努力和创新，值得提倡。但是，“改编”不是简单的小添小改，而是需要满足独创性的要求，且须尊重原作者的复制权、改编权与保护作品完整权。社会主义文化事业需要新内容、新血液，一方面应鼓励改编创作，在继承中创写新的诗篇;另一方面也应注意权利行使的边界，在合法、健康的环境中培养可持续的创新。

【示例一】

①Recently the issue of whether or not ________(讨论话题)has been in the limelight and has aroused wide concern in the public. ②There are two major arguments that can be made for. ③For one thing, ________can bring ________to________(优点一). ④For another, it is widely hold that people usually ________when ________(优点二). ⑤But we must not lose sight of the fact that there are also drawbacks to ________ , among which are ________(列举缺点). ⑥For instance, it can be ________to ________(举例说明). ⑦In addition, many people find it ________(形容词)to ________(第二个缺点).

【示例二】

①Some people are in favor of the idea of doing ________(主题). ②They point out the fact that ________(支持的第一个原因). ③They also argue that ________(支持的另一个原因).④There might be some element of truth in these people’s belief. ⑤However, other people stand on a different ground. ⑥They consider it harmful to do ________. ⑦They firmly point out that ________(反对的理由).

高考英语作文模板——归纳结论段

【示例一】

①Judging from these figures, we can draw the conclusion that ________(得出结论). ②The reason for this, as far as I am concerned is that ________(给出原因).③It is high time that we ________(发出倡议).

【示例二】

①Taking into account of all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that ________(结论). ②And with the above content, it will show more profound significance in ________(进一步总结).

以上是高三网小编整理的《2017高考英语作文10大模版》，想知道更多与高考有关的内容，请关注高三网。

碎片阅读是一种读者通过手机、电子书、网络等进行的不完整的、断断续续的阅读模式。下面语文迷小编为大家提供了碎片阅读的好处英语作文，希望对你有帮助。

Many people read on digital devices like cell phones and e-books. The fast pace of life leaves many people no time to sit and read a whole book, so making use of fragmented time to read is sure to be a trend. Fragmented reading has its advantages. People can get hold of large amounts of information, knowledge, and entertainment in a short time. Digital reading is faster and more interactive than traditional deep reading.

Fragmented reading makes it harder for people to reflect on what they read. People may not bother to remember facts because they know they can always just search for answers online. It is important to read quality books in a deeper way, even if that means forcing yourself to do so. We read not only for knowledge and for practical use, but also for spiritual satisfaction.

Some of us are having problems with our parents , as they often look into

our school bags or read our diaries . I fully understand why we are not

comfortable about it , but there’s no need to feel too sad. Our parents are

checking our bags or diaries to make sure we are not getting into any trouble .

They have probably heard some horrible stories about other kids and thought we

might do the same . Or perhaps they just want to connect with us but are doing

it all wrong . My suggestion is : Tell them we want them to trust us as much as

we’d like to trust them .If you don’t think you can talk to them , write them a

letter and leave it lying around ---they are bound to read it .

Thank you!

【示例一】

①There are many cases/examples to explain ________(主题句). ②Take ________ as a typical example./The first example is that ________ (阐述例子), ________(可进一步阐述). ③The second example is that/In addition/Here is a counter example./Opposite case in point is that/On the contrary ________(第二个例子的内容或举一个反面例子). ④Therefore,/Only ________can ________(总结主题句/段落总结句).

【示例二】

① ________ (观点句). It can be best/well illustrated in/explained by(例子). ② ________(阐述例子). ③________(进一步阐述例子). ④Therefore, ________(段落总结句：进一步总结观点句的必要性和重要性).