中国餐桌礼仪英语作文2篇 作文高中【通用20篇】

Recently, we often show that shopping online is better than in store, but

is this really the case? Actually, there is no consensus of opinions among

people as to the view of shopping online is better than traditional shopping.

Some people consider that online shopping will replace the mall shopping, stores

will disappear in the future, while others argue that stores would unlikely to

be disappeared, it has its own advantages.

Most people shopping online because it is very convenient, there is no need

to go out, just click the mouse gently, they can buy the goods they want. In

addition, goods online are cheaper than entity shop that buyers can save a lot

of money. But even the coin has two sides. Online shopping also has advantages

and disadvantages. In recent years, we see a lot of news about online cheating,

and many buyers complain about poor quality of the goods, which is different

with the description.

However, the situation above is rare in traditional shopping store, because

the guest can communicate with the seller face to face. Buyers can also see

goods intuitively. But the traditional shopping does not convenience as well as

online shopping, for example, if people meet a traffic jam on the way to the

shopping which will affect the happy mood of shopping.

One Sunday my mother had me take my little young brother to the a trip to the country. She bade me take good care of him.

一个星期日，我母亲叫我带小弟弟去乡村游历。她吩咐我要好好照顾他。

While we were walking along the road, the sun was shining brightly and the breeze was blowing gently. We saw the beautiful flowers smile at us and heard the birds sing their sweet songs on the trees. The scenery was indeed very pretty .When we felt tired, we returned home. We saw Mother wait for us at the door.

当我们沿着道路行走的时候，太阳灿烂地照耀着，微风轻轻地吹着。我们看见美丽的花儿对我们微笑并听见鸟儿在树上唱着悦耳的歌曲。风景确实很漂亮。当我们感觉到疲倦的时候，我们就回家了。我们看见母亲正在门口等候我们。

Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X. They point out the fact that 支持X 的第一个原因。They also argue that 支持X 的另一个原因。

However, other people stand on a different ground. They consider it harmful to do X. They firmly point out that 反对X 的第一个理由。 An example can give the details of this argument: 一个例子。

There is some truth in both arguments. But I think the advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages. In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, X also may X 的有一个坏处。

There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.

People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand, ____原因二_____. Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.

As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______. It is not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.

导入句：

At present, Currently, Recently, Nowadays, a critical issue/problem/phenomenon has become the concern/attention of the public / has been brought into the focus / has aroused a wide concern of the public.

It is becoming increasingly popular for people to….. There is a growing tendency these days for students to…..

With the rapid/amazing/remarkable/steady development (advance, improvement, progress) of….., great changes have taken place.

With the increasingly rapid process of globalization (urbanization, internationalization, commercialization), ……

At present, nowadays, currently, there has been a heated (popular) discussion/debate on (over, concerning) …….

Scientific researches have shown that ……. According to a survey,…..

Plentiful evidence has shown/proved that?.. 中心论句：同意

Frankly speaking, I am in favor of / agree with …..

As far as I am concerned, I am in favor of the point of ….. From my point of view, I support the statement above.

Straightforwardly, I cannot accept the point of……, and I strongly support the statement of …..

提高英语写作分数的88个词组

1.经济的快速发展 the rapid development of economy

2.人民生活水平的显著提高/ 稳步增长the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people’s living standard

3.先进的科学技术 advanced science and technology

4.面临新的机遇和挑战 be faced with new opportunities and challenges 5.人们普遍认为 It is commonly believed/ recognized that? 6.社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social development

7.引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention 8.不可否认 It is undeniable that?/ There is no denying that? 9.热烈的讨论/ 争论 a heated discussion/ debate 10. 有争议性的问题 a controversial issue 11.完全不同的观点 a totally different argument

12.一些人?而另外一些人? Some people? while others? 13. 就我而言/ 就个人而言 As far as I am concerned, / Personally, 14.就?达到绝对的一致 reach an absolute consensus on?

15.有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons 16.双方的论点 argument on both sides

17.发挥着日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role in? 18.对?必不可少 be indispensable to ? 19.正如谚语所说 As the proverb goes: 20.?也不例外?be no exception

21.对?产生有利/不利的影响 exert positive/ negative effects on? 22.利远远大于弊 the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages。 23.导致，引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in 24.复杂的社会现象 a complicated social phenomenon

25.责任感 / 成就感 sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement 26. 竞争与合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation 27. 开阔眼界 widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision 28.学习知识和技能 acquire knowledge and skills

29.经济/心理负担 financial burden / psychological burden 30.考虑到诸多因素 take many factors into account/ consideration 31. 从另一个角度 from another perspective 32.做出共同努力 make joint efforts

33. 对?有益 be beneficial / conducive to? 34.为社会做贡献 make contributions to the society 35.打下坚实的基础 lay a solid foundation for? 36.综合素质 comprehensive quality 37.无可非议 blameless / beyond reproach 39.致力于/ 投身于 be committed / devoted to?

40. 应当承认 Admittedly,

41.不可推卸的义务 unshakable duty 42. 满足需求 satisfy/ meet the needs of? 43.可靠的信息源 a reliable source of information 44.宝贵的自然资源 valuable natural resources

45.因特网 the Internet (一定要由冠词，字母I 大写) 46.方便快捷 convenient and efficient

47.在人类生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life

48.环保(的) environmental protection / environmentally friendly 49.社会进步的体现 a symbol of society progress

50.科技的飞速更新 the ever-accelerated updating of science and technology 51.对这一问题持有不同态度 hold different attitudes towards this issue 52.支持前/后种观点的人 people / those in fovor of the former/ latteropinion 53.有/ 提供如下理由/ 证据 have/ provide the following reasons/ evidence 54.在一定程度上 to some extent/ degree / in some way 55. 理论和实践相结合 integrate theory with practice 56. ?必然趋势 an irresistible trend of?

57.日益激烈的社会竞争 the increasingly fierce social competition 58.眼前利益 immediate interest/ short-term interest 59.长远利益. interest in the long run

60.?有其自身的优缺点? has its merits and demerits/ advantages and disadvantages

61.扬长避短 Exploit to the full one’s favorable conditions and avoid unfavorable ones

62.取其精髓，取其糟粕 Take the essence and discard the dregs。 63.对?有害 do harm to / be harmful to/ be detrimental to 64.交流思想/ 情感/ 信息 exchange ideas/ emotions/ information

65.跟上?的最新发展 keep pace with / catch up with/ keep abreast with the latest development of ?

66.采取有效措施来? take effective measures to do sth 67.?的健康发展 the healthy development of ? 68.有利有弊 Every coin has its two sides。 No garden without weeds。

69.对?观点因人而异 Views on ?vary from person to person。 70.重视 attach great importance to? 71.社会地位 social status

72.把时间和精力放在?上 focus time and energy on? 73.扩大知识面 expand one’s scope of knowledge 74.身心两方面 both physically and mentally

75.有直接/间接关系 be directly / indirectly related to?

76. 提出折中提议 set forth a compromise proposal

77. 可以取代“think”的词 believe, claim, maintain, argue, insist, hold the opinion/ belief that

78.缓解压力/ 减轻负担 relieve stress/ burden 79.优先考虑/发展? give (top) priority to sth。 80.与?比较 compared with?/ in comparison with 81. 相反 in contrast / on the contrary。 82.代替 replace/ substitute / take the place of

83.经不起推敲 cannot bear closer analysis / cannot hold water 84.提供就业机会 offer job opportunities 85. 社会进步的反映 mirror of social progress 86.毫无疑问 Undoubtedly, / There is no doubt that? 87.增进相互了解 enhance/ promote mutual understanding 88.充分利用 make full use of / take advantage of

Hi, Im Shao Ying. Im going to have a busy Sunday.

In the morning, Im going to the zoo by bike. I want to see the monkeys. Then , Im going to the bookstore. Im going to buy a new English book. In the afternoon, Im going to visit my grandparents with my mom.

It is far, so we are going by bus. In the evening, we are going to watch TV together.

How about you?

Dear ______ ,

①I am ______(自我介绍). ②I am writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information regarding ______(要询问的内容).

③First of all, what are ______(第一个问题)? ④Secondly, when will ______(第二个问题)? ⑤Thirdly, is ______(第三个问题)?

⑥I would also like to inquire ______(将最重要的问题单独成段). ⑦Could you be so kind as to send me some relevant booklets on the above-mentioned aspects?

⑧Thank you for you kindness, and your prompt attention to this letter will be highly appreciated.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

To be successful, students learn many knowledge so as to master as more skills as possible. Some believe that the key to realize our dreams is to work hard and others treat chance in the first place. While today is the information world, the one who masters the all-sided source will have more chances to be successful. In my opinion, the most important skill is the social skill, because we need to make connection with others, we are not doing business with ourselves, so it is in need of having relationship with others. The good social skill can help us attract attention easily and impress the future partner. If we are bad in communicating, how can we let others know our advantages and trust us. So promoting ourselves is the first job, from now on, don’t be shy.

为丰富中学生的环保知识，培养防护意识，学校英语社针对我国雾霾天气频现，危害严重的现状，决定在学生中举行英语征文比赛。请你根据以下提示写一篇短文参赛。

1．雾霾天气的危害：

2．雾霾产生的原因；

3．自我防护的方法。

参考词汇：尾气排放：exhaust emission

雾霾天气：hazy weather

注意：1．词数：120_-150；

2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Nowadays, the hazy weather frequently appears in our country. It has not only done harm to people’s health, but also affected the public transportation. Terrible accidents happen every now and then, some highways have to be shut down because of the low visibility.

Obviously, air pollution is the main factor that has resulted in the frequency of hazy weather. At the same time, smoke from burning coal and all kinds of dust are also important factors. Besides, exhaust emission from cars and buses has made the situation even worse.

So proper measures should be adopted to deal with the serious problem. To students, opportunities for outdoor sports activities should be decreased, washing faces and hands with running water after each outing is also important, and do not forget to wear a good-quality mask to protect yourself while going out.

I hope we will regain a fresh, clean and bright world soon.

[高中英语作文：雾霾

Now I want to say something about my dream. What is my dream? I often ask

myself. In my mind, everyone shall have his own dream. I think that having a

dream means that we have an idea, and then we will do all the things to achieve

the target. As long as we have a goal to be realized, we won’t be blind at

least.

My dream is to become a successful doctor, helping those sick people and

saving their lives. Of course, to be a good doctor is very difficult, but I will

do whatever I can do to keep everyone healthy. Thats my dream. I want to try my

best to help the poor sick people of our country. I want to let them have an

opportunity to receive excellent treatments for their illnesses without having

to pay much or just enjoy them free. China is a developing country which needs

good medicine and good doctors, especially in the countryside and distant

villages.

Now I’m a junior student on Grade One, all my classmates and I are working

hard. We all know that the entrance exam of high schools coming in the year of

2009 is a big challenge for us, so we must study harder and harder in order to

go to a good high school. Thus after we finish our senior high school, we are

able to go to a good university. Finally, we can find a good job in society.

My dream is also that although at present I’m good at study, I’ll still try

my best to be the study winner. Now everything I do is close to my dream. I feel

life is fill with hope and is colorful, and I have enough confidence to realize

my dream.

I know that fantasy is something hard to realize, but dream can. I’ll work

hard for my dreams, I’ll never give up.

friends are very important to us. when in trouble, we need friends to offer us en couragement and help. with success achieved, we also need friends to share our joys. its hard to imagine life without friendship!

a person should make as many friends as he can. the more friends he has, the more meaningful his life will be. similarly, a country, too, needs friends. china today, for example, has friends all over the world. with the open policy being successfully carried out, she is certain to make more friends in the future.

however,real friends are not easy to find. thats why we highly value our friend ship with them. false friends also exist. they may have a bad influence on our character and are even worse open enemies. therefore, it is essential we take care in making friends.

译文

朋友对我们很重要。当遇到了麻烦，我们需要朋友给予鼓励和帮助。以达到成功，我们也需要朋友来分享我们的欢乐。想象没有友谊的生活是艰难的！

一个人应该广交朋友。朋友越多，他的生活将更有意义。同样，一个国家，太，需要朋友。今天的中国，例如，有世界各地的朋友。随着开放政策成功的进行，她一定在未来作出更多的朋友。

然而，真正的朋友是不容易找到的。这就是为什么我们非常珍视朋友的船。假朋友也是存在的。他们对我们的品格有不良影响，甚至是更糟糕的敌人。因此，我们有必要谨慎交友。

Perfect Dream Harry Potter

Do you know Harry Potter? If you dont, then you are out of date. Many people love Harry Potter, whether children or adults. I love Harry Potter, too. Last week, I went to Nantong to see the movie "Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire".

It was a wonderful movie. In the movie, Harry is the same age as us and he is more handsome than me. Harrys best friends are Hermione and Ron. The movie tells the story of Harrys Fourth Year at Hogwarts. The Goblet of Five selects him to compete as one of four champions in the Throwizard Tournament, despite the fact that he didnt submit his name. The Tournament is very dangerous so his friends are all worried about him. Hermione and Ron try their best to help Harry to prepare for each task. I think their friendship is unbreakable. Cho Chang, who Harry likes, is a Chinese pretty girl. I liked her but I liked Hermione better because she is very clever.

Its very magical! I love magic as much as Harry does. If I lived in a magic world, I could pick up gigantic things easily, I could go to wherever I liked and I could fly on a broom, I could change my hairstyle of any time, I could.

Its a perfect world and its a perfect dream.

[哈利波特完美的梦想高中英语作文

1.as an old saying goes,.正如一句古老的谚语所说

2.be nothing but... .不过就是...

3.from where i stand. 从我的立场来说

4.give oneself a chance to.给某人一个机会去...

5.i feel sure that...我坚信...

6.is the best way to make sure that.确保...的最好办法是...

7.we must do our absolute best to.我们必须竭尽全力做...

8.there is no denying the fect that...无可否认.

9.nothing is more+adj.+than to+v.没有比...更重要的了

1.I hate hiking and Im not into classical music.

2.I surf the Internet all the time and I like playing computer games.

3.Rock music is OK, and so is skiing.

4.Chuck is a businessman who is always so busy that he has little time for his friends.

5.One day Chuck is on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashes.

6.He realizes that he hasn’t been a very good friend because he has always been thinking about himself.

7.Chuck learns that we need friends to share happiness and sorrow, and that it is important to have someone to care about.

8.When he makes friends with Wilson, he understand that friendship is about feelings and that we must give as much as we take.

9.The lesson we can learn from Chuck and all the others who have unusual friends is that friends are teachers.

10.I found the bathroom, but I didn’t find what I was looking for.

11.Don’t forget to buy me some ketchup on your way back.

12.There are more than 42 countries where the majority of the people speak English.

13.In total, for more than 375 million people English is their mother tongue.

14.In China students learn English at school as a foreign language, except for those in Hong Kong, where many people speak English as a first or a second language.

15.In only fifty years, English has developed into the language most widely spoken and used in the world.

16.With so many people communicating in English every day ,it will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.

17.For a long time the language in America stayed the same, while the language in England changed.

18.In the same way Americans still use the expression “I guess “(meaning “I think”),just as the British did 300 years ago.

19.At the same time, British English and American English started borrowing words from other languages ,ending up with different words.

20.Except for these differences in spelling, written English is more or less the same in both British and American English.

21.However,most of the time people from the two countries do not have any difficulty in understanding each other.

22.Many people travel because they want to see other countries and visit places that are famous, interesting or beautiful.

23.Many of today’s travelers are looking for an unusual experience and adventure travel is becoming more and more popular.

24.Instead of spending your vacation on a bus, in a hotel or sitting on the beach, you may want to try hiking.

25.Hiking is fun and exciting, but you shouldn’t forget safety.

26.A raft is a small boat that you can use to paddle down rivers and streams.

27.If you want a normal rafting trip, choose a quiet stream or river that is wide and has few fallen trees or rocks.

28.The name “whitewater “comes from the fact that the water in these streams and rivers looks white when it moves quickly.

29.As with hiking ,you should always think about your safety and wear good clothes.

30.Jane and Betty are going on separate holidays in a few days’ time.

31.When are you off to Guangzhou?

32.My plane leaves at seven, so I think we’ll take a taxi.

33.See you when I get back.

34.The next moment the first wave swept her down, swallowing the garden.

35.Now ,the water, which was cold as ice and flowed faster than a river, was above her knees.

36.Jeff and Flora looked into each other’s face with a look of fright.

37.Flora,whose beautiful hair and dress were all cold and wet, started crying.

38.Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three meters deep.

39.The garden that was once so beautiful was completely destroyed, swept away by the wild water.

40.I found some photos of interesting places which were not too far away from Chengdu.

41.He told me that I could go on a two-day trip to Leshan and Emei, which wasn’t too expensive.

42.First,we went to Leshan, where we climbed all the way up the mountain to see the Buddha.

43.Looking up at the large head and down at the large feet makes you feel so small.

44.Wei Bin took photos of us standing in front of the Buddha.

45.Steven Spielberg, whose mother was a music teacher, was born in 1946 in a small town in America.

46.In 1959 Spielberg won a prize for a film which he made when he was thirteen years old.

47.The reason why he could not go there was that his grades were too low.

48.Here he worked on a short film, which won him a job as the youngest film director in the world.

49.This was the moment when Spieberg’s career really took off.

50.It is about a big white shark that attacks swimmers who are spending their holidays in a small village by the sea.

A HONG KONG boy has published an English novel of some 50,000 words. The novel was included in Hong Kong’s book exhibition, Xinhua News Agency reported Thursday. Xinhua said the boy, Li Yupeng, 11, finished the science fiction, The Four Phoenixes, in one year. Some 1,000 copies of the book were printed and 200 copies had been sold — to the boy’s schoolmates. The boy’s father published the book at a cost of HK$30,000 (US$3,846), as a gift for the boy’s graduation from primary school. The book was about a hero’s adventure in the “Dark Age.” The hero, Koba, took four “Phoenix swords” in the “Dark Age” to assassinate a warlord named Scaren, Li said. Li began reading English cartoons at the age of six and had read nearly 500 English books, said his mother. He took only five hours to finish reading a Harry Potter novel which had more than 600 pages.

一个香港男孩已出版了约50,000字英文小说。小说 在香港书展包括，新华社今天报道的。新华社说，男童，黎吁棚，11， 完成科幻小说，在四凤，在一年。有些书1000份印制了200份 出售 - 男孩的同学。这名男孩的父亲在发表以港币一本书的$ 30,000（约合三点八四六美元），作为礼物 男孩的小学毕业。这本书是一个英雄的在“黑暗时代的冒险。”英雄，科巴，采取 四个“凤凰剑在”黑暗时代“刺杀名为Scaren，李一军阀”之称。李开始读英文漫画 在6岁和阅读了近500本英文书，说他的母亲。他只用了5个小时才能读完一哈里 哈利波特小说其中有600多页。

[高中英语小说作文中英文

在发展快速的今天，英语的地位也越来越重要，那么你认为中国人到底该不该热学英语呢?

Owing to the current exam-oriented education environment, students attach much importance to learning English. This is having a negative impact on traditional Chinese cultural values. It’s high time that we cooled down our English fever and protected our mother tongue. Instead of making English a compulsory course, schools should make it optional and offer other courses on Chinese culture and other foreign languages.

It is learning English that can help us to understand the rest of the world. Because of English, we can travel abroad without tour guides, understand the instructions of imported goods and study abroad. It is too extreme to cancel English classes in schools. It is our education system instead of English learning that makes students as busy as bees.

中国梦，伟大的梦，宏观的梦。这个伟大的宏观的梦，需要无数个微观之梦来汇集，来支撑，来架构。

我也有我的梦，我的中国梦，愿将我微观的梦，为宏观的中国梦献力。

我现在还是一名青春少年，正是人们所说“爱做梦的年纪”。是的，我有太多的梦想，每一个梦想，我都想着将来能帮助祖国发展得更好，更强大。

看到报纸上的报道，我们国家的gdp总量已是超越日本成为世界第二，但我们的科技还很落后，医学也不先进，文化也不发达，所以我想做一名科学家，制造出最好的科技产品，让我国的科学技术引领世界。

我也想做一名医生，传承和发扬中医药技术，努力为奋战在各条战线上为心中的中国梦正努力着的同胞们医治身体，消除病患，让他们为国家发展全力以赴。

我还想做一名作家，写出能滋润人心田的好作品，写出中国人的文化梦想，像莫言爷爷那样，去夺诺贝尔奖，为国争光，为民族文化添彩。

但我更喜欢做一名老师，就像我的老师一样，为同学们讲解文化，布道解惑，为他们撒播未来“中国梦”的种子。

所以，现在的我，正怀揣希望，向着梦想启航。

有时，我真想立即长大，去脚踏实地地实现梦想，去尽情挥洒才情和汗水。但我还只是一名小学生，所以我必须安下心来，好好学习，遵从老师的教导，学习各种知识，掌握各种能力，为将来实现梦想打下坚实的基矗

我坐在课堂上，外面春风吹动着绿柳，春天来了，蛰伏的生命开始醒来，他们沐浴着春风，享受着阳光，为一年的征程做着准备。充满希望的春天，鼓舞着万物的梦想，只有做好春天的准备，才能做到夏天的壮大，才能有绚丽的秋的收获，才会有丰厚的冬的蕴藏。

我也是他们中的一员，我沐浴着时代改革的春风，享受着国家发展的阳光，老师在课堂上撒播着知识，我没有理由不去充分地吸收，没有理由不去茁壮地成长。

梦想，是一座灯塔，为我们绽放光明，指引我们前进的方向，有梦想就有希望；有梦想就会有期待；有梦想，才能踏实做好该做的事；有梦想，我们才能创造辉煌。我有梦想，所以我快乐，我充实，我自信；并且，我也将更强。

[我的中国梦高中生作文500字

为了寻找我的梦想，我忙碌地穿梭于灯红酒绿的大街小巷，奔波于大江南北，穿越于历史长河，开始了地毯式的搜索。

点击鼠标，轻敲键盘，映入眼帘的是总书记为袁隆平的梦想鼓掌。“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平一辈子有两个梦：一是禾下乘凉梦，梦想试验田里的超级杂交水稻长得有高粱那么高，稻穗有扫把那么长，谷粒有花生米那么大，他坐在禾下悠闲地纳凉;另一个是杂交水稻覆盖全球梦。“这就是我的中国梦，前一个是我真实做过的梦，后一个是我多年来的梦想。实现这两个梦是我终生的追求。”袁隆平拿出两张超级杂交稻照片递给总书记。浏览至此，我感动了，名人因为有了梦想而不屑地追求，而我，当代的青少年，因试卷上的“满江红”而顿时沮丧，丢失了梦想，羞愧极了。

关闭网页，马不停蹄地在书柜里左抄右翻，眼前一亮，一个收买佬，干着最不起眼的工作，每天都跟垃圾打交道，靠自己收来的旧书，日复一日，年复一年地坐在墙角旁，津津有味地看着，只为了追求自己的律师梦，功夫不负有心人，他成功了，他成为了一名律师。看到这里，我惊呆了，法律上人人生而平等，现实中，人人都有梦想，我不要在失败的现实中丢失了梦想，我要在现实中追求梦想。

合上书本，快马加鞭地穿梭于大街小巷，一位清洁阿姨戴着口罩，穿着清洁服，拿着扫把有节奏地发出“刷刷声”这声音与赶路的自行车、摩托车组成一曲特殊的“交响曲?”。我走上前询问，阿姨你有什么梦想啊?阿姨停止了扫地，诧异地看了看我说：“姑娘，阿姨哪里会有什么梦想啊?阿姨最大的梦想是要把这里所有的垃圾都清理干净，换取大家一个干干净净的街道。”我的眼睛湿润了，其实每个人都有自己的梦想。我的梦想是要像鲁迅先生一样，写一篇赞美藤野先生的伟大，来赞美给予我莫大帮助的老师们，让这篇文章，成为不朽的佳作。

告别了我的寻找梦想之旅，开始了新一轮的追逐梦想，我相信梦想就在走一步，再走一步的前方。人生因有梦想而朝气蓬勃，中国因有梦想而更加繁荣昌盛。

我的梦，中国梦!

一、形成性评价的概念

形成性评价(Formative Assessment)是美国评价学专家斯克里芬在1967年在其所著的《评论方法论》里提出来的。所谓的形成性评价是相对于传统的终结性评价(Summative Assessment)而言的，指的是对学生日常学习过程中的表现、所取得的成绩及所反映出来的情感、态度和策略方面的发展做出的评价，这种评价是通过对学生学习的整个过程持续观察、记录和反思之后得出来的。

形成性评价的目的是为了激励学生学习，帮助学生调控自己的学习过程。让学生获得成就感，增强其自信心和团结合作精神，让学生从被动接受评价变成一个评价的主体和积极参与者。形成性评价能够帮助教师了解学生的学习情况，从而制定下一步的教学计划。与终结性评价相比，形成性评价不只以考试成绩来衡量学生的学习情况，它更加灵活方便，也更加科学有效。形成性评价注重对学生学习行为和表现的评估，能够有效发挥学生的主动性和创造性，有利于培养学生的学习兴趣，也能够有效提高学生的自信心。

在英语口语教学中运用形成性评价，能够让学生在课堂中互相评价，增强学生参与课堂教学的积极性，在提高英语口语能力的同时体会到成功的快乐，形成一个教师与学生、学生与学生之间良好互动的课堂。形成性评价注重开发学生的创新能力和思考能力，而要培养这些能力就必须依靠坚持不懈的学习和运用来完成。

二、形成性评价的方法与工具

首先，一般而言，形成性评价的方法大致分为：自我评价、同伴互评和教师评价。

自我评价是指学生在学习的过程中就自己学习进程中的某个阶段性成果的总结和评价。自我评价是形成性评价中尤为重要的评价方法，只有通过自我评价才能尽力发挥其的主观能动性，积极主动地参与课堂教学活动。只有主观积极地参与课堂，就自己不同阶段的水平，才能更好地定位自己进一步的目标，并在课程初期、中期及末期分别给予自己相对客观中肯的评价，以促进下一阶段的学习。

同伴互评是指在课堂活动中，就某一活动进行同学之间的评价，评价包括学习态度、学习能力及学习方法的评价。在同伴互评的过程中，学生们可以相互探讨学习方法、交流学习心得、提出改进的建议和意见。同伴之间相互比较、竞争，相互取长补短，既增强了合作精神又促进了学习能力和学习效率的提升。同伴互评作为形成性评价重要的方法之一，其评价形式既增强了课堂的趣味性又增强了学生的学习自信心和学习热情。

课堂学习的主体是学生，但是学习评价的主体却是教师。形成性评价侧重过程教育，在教学过程中，根据需要调整教学计划和内容，该评价尤其重视学生与教师在课堂的共同参与度，而非教师“一言堂”。首先，教师在教学过程中设定好学生自我评价与同伴评价的量化标准，列好学生自我评价和同伴评价的核查表；其次，学生根据核查表才可有的放矢，对照核查表所列的内容一一检查，每节课后，客观公正地给予自己和他人中肯的评价；最后，结合学生自我评价和同伴评价的反馈结果，教师针对学生课堂上的表现，纵向对比某一特定学生评价前后的差异，或者横向比较某一特定组别在同一活动中每位学生各项指标的完成情况，同时，以多种形式反馈给学生并提出整改意见。因而，在教学的不同阶段，根据学生的能力发展状况，教师可适时调整评价方式，不断改进教学方法和教学手段。

只有将自我评价、同伴评价与教师评价结合在一起评价方式才能保证较好的教学效果，才能促进教育改革的进一步深化，真正达到以素质教育培养复合型人才的终极目标。

其次，形成性评价的行为评估工具有课堂观察、学生档案、座谈、问卷调查、访谈和对话周记等。如何运用以及怎样运用这些评价工具要根据所授课程、课程目标和授课对象等诸多因素做适当调整。

课堂观察是教学行为和技巧的基本方式。根据Genesee and Upshur(2001:79)的观点，教师在观察的基础上，可以评估学生已掌握和未掌握的内容。换言之，教师应该评估促进或阻碍学生学习的策略。与此同时，教师还可评估一些特定的教学策略的有效性，确定学生们欣赏哪些课堂活动和形式。课堂观察有助于教师更好地了解课程设计和学生需求的契合度。通过正式或非正式的观察，教师可掌握大多数学生对于教学安排的可接受程度，根据学生的需求改进或调整教学安排等，以提升教学效果。

“questionnaires and interviews can all be thought of as conversations between students and teachers”（Genesee and Upshur，2001:136）。如上所述，问卷调查和访谈都可被看作教师和学生间的对话，访谈和问卷调查是相似的，但决定使用访谈或者问卷调查可依据不同的教学目的。无论是哪种方式，都是老师和学生之间相对正式的会谈，这非常有利于老师对他的教学效果进行评估,诊断学生在英语学习遇到的困难，为学生寻找合适的解决问题,获得良好的学习策略和学习得到更多的进步。访谈和问卷调查设计应该根据学生的个人需求并符合教学目标。

对话周记作为教师和学生沟通的另一种方式，深受学生的喜爱。因课程设置和班级规模的不同，课堂观察、问卷调查及访谈都相对比较片面，而对话周记则可以关注到每个学生的不同需求。师生间定期通信，既增加了教师和学生之间的相互了解，增强彼此的信任，又能解决学生的个案问题，做到因材施教；同时，为了促进“教学相长”，学生可及时反馈教师的课堂教学，对于教师的教学提出较好的建议和意见。

学生档案是一个综合各项评估功能于一体的评估工具。它可以记录学生的成长、课堂变化且兼顾多种需要。如今，众多评价工具只把学生作为评价的对象，而评估的责任和任务的则落到了教师身上。但事实上，几乎没有一种评价工具能很好地管理学生活动并对其课堂行为负责。相比之下, 建立学生档案，需要学生亲力亲为；本着自我负责的原则，他们要更好地自我监督和控制，同时，在建档案的过程中，学生可以见证自己的进步与成长，增强学习的自信，提高学习的效果。

三、形成性评价对于英语口语教学的重要性与紧迫性

众所周知,教育评估在大学英语课程改革中扮演着相当重要的角色。英语教学的重点已从传播知识转移到培养能力。多年来，在中国，人们只注重英语写作和阅读的能力的提升，而一直忽视英语口语交际能力。多年来，教学评价已经被狭义理解为量化教学，而后进一步局限于教学测试。考试作为教学的终极目的，期末考试的成绩也就成为教师评价学生的最重要的依据。而对于口语课堂，单一的这种评估方式和依据增加了大多数学生的心理压力和少部分学生侥幸心理。考试成绩给学生很大压力，危害学生的发展，评估过程中，学生一直被动地参与，无法调动其积极性。当课程结束时，教师将得不到及时准确的学生反馈，无法改善评估方法以助于提高学生的英语口语能力。

“形成性评价源于诊断性测试。与终结性评价相比，形成性评价通过教学过程中多方面的评价发现问题，解决问题，强调过程性、目标性和学生学习的主动性。” (魏薇，2005) 鉴于终结性评价在口语测试评分中的片面性和主观性，大学英语口语表达能力的培养还是受到了这种终结性评价的制约。在大学英语口语教学中，形成性评价最重要的任务的是帮助教师监控学生英语口语的学习过程，提高学生的英语口语学习。如能将形成性评价的理论引入大学英语口语课堂教学与测试中，建立大学英语口语课程与形成性评价相结合的评估模式，则会推动大学英语口语教学和测试的改革进程。

鉴于口语课堂的特点，为了克服传统终结性评价对于口语课堂的制约性，形成性评价与大学英语口语教学相结合有其不可忽视的重要性和紧迫性。

首先，由于口语表达能力除了包含最基本的发音、词汇、语法能力还有语用能力、文化知识储备力等多项复杂的技能，而所有的这些技能无法在某一次测试中完全体现出来。因口语学习的最终目的是运用到相关学科、为了更好地促进国际交流。

而形成性评价尤其注重过程教学，这种评价将教学过程分成了诸多阶段，学生可在每个不同的阶段就自己的学习态度、发音、语言运用的准确性、流利程度以及课堂活动参与的积极性进行横向的同学互评和纵向的自我比较。一方面，横向比较可以找到彼此间的差距，互相帮助已达到各方面的提升；另一方面，学生可在整理学习档案的过程中，纵向比较自己前后阶段的学习情况，时刻了解自己在每个阶段的学习状况，在教师和同学的辅助下，运用不同的学习方法和策略，逐项提高自己的口语能力。 另外，教师在学生进行评价的过程中，可真实地参与并记录学生在各方面的真实水平。

其次，口语课堂实际上是教师与学生、学生与学生之间的互动交际。教师需要花费大量的时间设计口语活动、鼓励学生参与活动、监控课堂活动、诊断学生的需求和问题、记录学生的表现等。学生则在各种学习任务和活动中不断地练习、发现问题、纠正偏差。

与传统的终结性评价不同，形成性评价的最显著特征是评价的主体是学生，学生和教师共同参与课堂，缺一不可。根据多数学生的关注点，学生参与确定研究目标、评分标准和英语口语的性能评估。因而，他们了解每一项活动的任务和目标，他们可合理运用各种评价方式和工具，课前认真准备，课堂上积极参与，能与教师积极互动，课堂上客观地评价自己、同伴和教师。这不仅是一种评价过程，更是学生回归自我认同感的方式。学生增加了学习自信，在评价过程中不断积累经验，逐步获得学习成就感。教师亦可在与学生互动的过程中，更好地了解学生的知识掌握和课堂反馈情况，根据反馈适时调整教学方法。如此良性循环，既增强了课堂的趣味性又提高了学生的学习效率。

四、结语

形成性评价，作为正常教学和学习过程的有机部分，可以全面、客观、科学、准确地提供与其学习目标相关的重要信息，它有助于促进学生的个性化发展和外语教学质量的根本性提高。形成性评价其中的一个重要作用是培养学生良好的英语学习习惯。将英语形成性评价与口语教学紧密地结合在一起，能提高学生学习的兴趣并及时、准确、客观地反映学生的真实水平，使学生的英语口语能力稳步提高。通过采用具体的形成性评价方式，发展学生的自我评价与学生间相互评价的能力，以促进学生的自我反思与自我管理能力。从而提高学生自主学习意识与自主学习能力，并为他们养成终身学习的意识与习惯打下基础。

Prtect Envirnent Treat the Earth Well

As we all nw, there is nl ne earth. And the earth is ur he. I can’t iagine if the earth disappears, hw can huan exists.

We can’t live withut the earth, s please treat the earth well.

Nw the air is nt clean and fresh. The s is nt ver blue. But wh? Because an peple defrest and pllute the river. We can’t see anials pla in the frest and fish swi in the river.

If we eep this scence fr a lng tie, the end f the wrld will be cing.

S hw can we prtect envirnent? Let e give u se advice.

First, we plant trees. Trees can give us the fresh air and absrb the carbn dixide.

Secndl, we can tae buses t schl r wr, drive less. The exhaust gas fr cars will pllute the air, and it’s nt gd fr ur health. It’s bad fr the earth, t.

This is advice.

Tda is the Wrld Envirnent Da. Let’s prtect envirnent and treat the earth well tgether.

保护环境善待地球

众所周知，我们只有一个地球。地球是我们的家园。我无法想象，如果地球消失了，人类该怎样生存。

我们的生活不能离开地球，所以，请善待地球。

现在的空气不是很新鲜，天也不是那样湛蓝。这是为什么？因为有很多人乱砍滥伐，还污染河流。我们在森林里看不见小动物玩耍，也看不见小鱼在水里游泳。

如果长时间都是这个景象，世界末日就会来临。

那么，我们怎样才能保护环境呢？让我来给大家一些建议吧。

首先，我们可以植树。树木可以给予我们新鲜的空气，还可以吸收二氧化碳。

其次，我们可以坐公交去上学或上班,少开车。汽车排放的尾气会污染空气，它对我们的身体没有好处，对地球也没有好处。

这就是我的建议。

今天是世界环境日，让我们一起保护环境，善待地球吧！

[高中保护环境的英语小作文

With the increasing use of cell phones, spam message has become a heated problem. According to a survey, on average, people receive about 40 pieces of spam message per month. Spam message can disturb, confuse, or even threaten people at any time.

Generally, there are two tesons for the spam epidemic. On one hand, due to the face that text message is a comparatively cheap channel, many companies take advantage of it to advertise their products or servies. Whether people are willing to receive the message is neglected. On the other hand, those holding lots of imformation on cell phone users sell the information and make money our of it.

To solve the problem of spam message, people should make joint efforts. The government should set up laws to severely punish the illegal advertisers and those who disclose information. Cell phone researchers and developers should upgrade the products and enable them to delete the spam automatically. Should people ace together, they will be free from the spam message.

Im the only child in my family, the apple of my parents eyes. my mother

and father take good care of my and give me a lot of support throughout my

life.

My father is the manager of a company and my mother is a teacher. they are

both well educated and do well in their jobs. they know that knowledge is power.

father often communicates with foreign friends and is good at english. i can

learn a lot from him, especially english. his oninion on education is as

advanced as that of my mothers. they often give me advice on my studies but

never interfere in them. they seldom force me to do what i dont like to. they

permit me to have different opinions. if something is good for me, they will

persuade me to do it as they want. many people of our age say that there is a

generation gap between their parents and them. however, it doesnt exist between

us.

My mother is a math teacher. she is very clever and good at teaching. she

can work out a problem within 10 minutes which would cost me 2 hours. i envy and

admire her. i want to be a math teacher like her.

Im lucky to have such enlightened parents. im lucky to have been brought

up in such a happy family.

In my opinion, the movie “ the pursuit of happyness “ is a meaningful film,

the hero of the movie is an active man. Though his life was very hard, his wife

left because of the situation of their family.His work was also unfortunate. He

never gave up and still work hard.Then he took care of his little son. He is

going after happiness all the time, so his life is running . Time is very

importmant to him, he must finish his task on time , or he wouldnt live a

steady life , he has to pay the rent and taxes and so on, but he insist on

taking every chance to make his life live better and he believe in himself.

Finally, he succeed , his part of life in the movie is moving and real.

I also like the song in the movie very much, it says “ the mountains have

high places and low places ……”

Everyone has a dream, if you work as hard as the hero of the movie , your

dream will come ture, so I will learn from the hero ---Chris Gardner.

And I believe my dream isn’t far away!