英语四级段落写作【通用20篇】
议论文是指以议论说理为主的文章,在中考中,作为写作的一种主要文体,一直是学生们学习训练的重点之一。下面小编为大家整理的议论文写作指导,希望可以帮助大家!
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1269作文
417英语优美段落摘抄
全文共 725 字
+ 加入清单But what are the reasons for our government to encourage college students to start their own undertakings? I think there are several reasons can account for it. First, it is a good way to relieve our social heavy employment pressure. If some students can start their own undertakings, they will not go to compete with others as well as provide some job opportunities for others. Second, encouraging college students to start their own undertakings is good for our national development in many aspects, such as commerce, industry. In addition, encouraging students to start their own undertakings has a contribution to encourage students to apply their knowledge to practice and then make their contribution to our motherland.
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篇1:2024年中考英语写作之看图作文
全文共 2621 字
+ 加入清单现在是各大学校放寒假的时间,年后要参加中考的同学们要注意了,趁着假期要好好恶补一下英语哦,下面是小编收集整理的中考英语作文写作指导,希望对您有所帮助。
最近几年的中考英语当中,很多省市已经摆脱了单一作文模式,采用一大一小两个作文相结合的模式。例如,去年辽宁沈阳中考英语作文就是一个小作文,应用文-写假条,加上一个大作文,汉语提示作文构成。今年,北京中考英语作文也将是两个,一个看图作文在加上一个提示作文构成。这一讲,我们先来学习一下看图作文的写法。
看图作文要求考生按照所给图画,通过合理的联想将一组画面的内容正确地表达出来。看图作文与其他类型作文的不同之处在于,它除了要求考生有英语语言表达能力,还要求考生有观察能力、分析能力和想象能力。
写好看图作文应注意的事项1、结合文字提示,正确理解图意。一般情况下,看图作文在提供图画的同时也附带有简要的文字提示,我们可以利用文字提示去正确地理解图意,得到要点。切忌孤立地看图而忽视文字提示。
写作从图画的细节出发。所谓细节,就是指图画中的人物、事件、地点、环境、时间、动作等。依据图画细节,就可以把图画的内容用英语具体而生动地表达出来了。
例题分析(例题)
同学们,看到下面的四幅图片及相应的报道后,你感到最担忧的是哪两种情形?请简述你担忧的理由并提出建议或希望。
要求:
⒈ 从所给素材中任选两种情形进行阐述,不可多选或少选。
⒉ 条理清楚,意思连贯,语句通顺,标点正确;
⒊ 词数 80 ~ 100。
参考词汇: 建议 suggest v. suggestion n.
气体 gas n. 污染 pollution n.
THE POLLUTIONS
① One third of the worlds people dont have enough clean water.
② More and more diseases are caused by polluted air.
③ People are disturbed quite often by kinds of noises.
④ Every person in our city makes about 1.8 kilos of rubbish every day.
这道看图作文题,主题和图片连接得不是很紧密。从考查的形式上来说,虽是看图,实质上却属于提示性的作文。这个作文应该结合个人的观点,选择的余地还是很大的。做这个题应该注意几个方面:
1、认真读题。注意,题目虽然给了四幅图,但是却只要求写其中的两个就行。
2、题意要求的是阐述个人的观点-最担忧的两种情形。而不是对图片进行描述。
3、结合所给的提示。提示中,对每种污染都进行了阐述,考生可以这些描述进行写作。
4、注意字数,语法,拼写等,避免错误。
下面是两个例文,大家可以参考一下。
One possible version:
The environment is becoming worse and worse. There are many kinds of pollution I worry about. The most serious two are water pollution and air pollution, because people cant live healthily with dirty water and polluted air, nor can animals. More and more diseases are caused by polluted air.
I think factories should not pour dirty water into the river directly or produce more waste gas. Wed better go on foot or by like instead of by car, because more cars mean more waste gas. We should make our world more and more beautiful.
Another possible version:
The first fact I worry about is noise pollution. People cant sleep well if there is too much noise. Thats why so many people prefer to live in the countryside rather than live in the noisy city. I suggest all the factories and cars shouldnt make terrible noises. If they make terrible noise that isnt allowed, they will be fined, and we can also produce the cars which cant make terrible noise.
The other pollution is rubbish pollution. If everyone makes so much rubbish, one day we may live in a world filled with rubbish. Some people throw the waste paper about. I suggest rubbish should be put into different kinds of dustbins or paper bags.
下面,我们来看看这道题的评分标准。一般来说,各地的评分标准都和下面的这个标准差不多。这个最高的标准,实际上也就是我们写作的目标。
评分标准:
1. 内容完整,语句流畅,无语法错误,书写规范,给9-10分;
2. 内容较完整,语句较流畅,基本无语法错误,书写较规范,给6-8分;
3. 内容不完整,语句欠流畅,语法错误较多,书写较规范,给3-5分;
4. 只写出个别要点,语法错误较多,书写欠规范,只有个别句子可读或不知所云,给0-2分。
看图作文不可小视。希望大家掌握答好这种题型的要点,并积累词汇。
篇2:2024成人高考英语作文写作素材精选
全文共 1366 字
+ 加入清单Grasp all, lose all. 贪多必失.
Whats lost is lost. 失者不可复得。
Waste not, want not. 不浪费,不会穷.
Tomorrow never comes. 切莫依赖明天. / 我生待明日,万事成蹉跎.
No man is infallible. 没有人不犯错误。
Alms never make poor. 施舍穷不了人.
Love will find a way. 爱心所至,金石为开.
Manners make the man. 举止见人品。
Patience is a virtue. 忍耐是一种美德.
Pity is akin to love. 怜悯生爱.
Call a spade a spade. 是啥说啥,难听不怕。
Delays are dangerous. 因循出危险.
Diamond cuts diamond. 强中自有强中手.
Counsel is no command. 劝告不是命令.
Poverty tries friends. 贫穷考验朋友.
Once bitten,twice shy. 吃一次亏,学一次乖.
Pain past is pleasure. 痛苦过去即欢乐.
Leal heart lied never. 心诚无谎言。
Hot love is soon cold. 过热的爱情冷得快.
As good lost as found. 有得必有失. /得失同喜.
Every dog has his day. 瓦块也有翻身日,人人都有运来时。
Wise fear begets care. 懂得担心,就会小心.
"Never”is a long word. 不要轻易说“决不”。
After wind comes rain. 风是雨的头。
Nurture passes nature. 教养胜过天性.
Time tries all things. 时间检验一切.
Boys will be boys. 男孩子总是男孩子.
No song, no supper. 不出力,不得食.
The truth will out. 真相总会大白.
Time works wonders. 时间能创造奇迹.
To think is to see. 思考就是明白.
Truth will prevail. 真理必胜
A lie begets a lie. 谎言生谎言。
Years bring wisdom. 年岁带来智慧.
In love is no lack. 爱情不会感到缺乏.
Easy come, easy go. 来得容易去得 . /悖入悖出.
Every little helps. 点滴都有用.
Forgive and forget. 恢弘大度,勿念旧恶。
Manners maketh man. 举止造人品.
Laugh and grow fat. 心宽体胖 。
Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量.
Let the world slide. 人世沧桑,听其自然.
Love me,love my dog. 爱屋及乌.
Life means struggle. 生活就是斗争.
Fair plays a jewel. 比赛风格好,胜过珠宝.
Early sow,early mow. 种得早,收得早.
篇3:网络综合-英文写作翻译英语作文
全文共 793 字
+ 加入清单It was sunny that day. Our parents were out, so there were only my brother and me at home. We were bored. So we decided to go boating. We played happily. But when we went to the middle of the river, the weather changed. It rained suddenly. We didn t bring umbrella and our boat was bamboo raft. As the rain was more and heavier, we were afraid to sink in the river. We tried our best to make our boat in shore. But our bamboo raft had more water on it. I was afraid to die. My brother was also very anxious. At that time, my mother came and she pulled us back to the ground. It was thrilling.
那是一个晴天。我们的父母都出去了,所以只有我和哥哥在家。我们很无聊。所以我们决定去划船。我们玩的很开心。但当我们走到河中央时,天气变了。突然下起雨来。我们没带伞,而且我们的船还竹排。由于雨越来越大,我们担心会沉到河里去。我们尽力使我们的船靠岸。但是竹筏上的水越来越多。我害怕死了。我哥哥也很着急。那时,我妈妈来了来了,她把我们拉回到地面。真的惊心动魄啊。
篇4:2024年12月大学英语四级作文最新预测汇总版
全文共 3349 字
+ 加入清单1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the chart below, which shows the variation in carbon emission from three different fossil fuels from 2000 to 2020. You should first summarize the changing trend of the consumption of the three different fossil fuels and then give some reasons about it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
unit (million tons)
【范文】From the chart above we see that the carbon emission from coal decreases sharply, from 40 million tons in 2000 to less than 3 million tons in 2020. In 2010, the carbon emission from oil hit 40 million tons but will reduce to 20 million tons in 2020. Besides, the carbon emission from natural gas increases, from 5 million tons in 2000 to 18 million tons in 2020.Many reasons account for the variation in carbon emission. Firstly, people might cut the amount of coal they use and increase the use of natural gas since natural gas is a “cleaner” fuel than coal or oil. Secondly, because of the undertaking of energy-saving project, efforts have been made to raise the efficiency of energy utilization. What’s more, since the earth is getting warmer, large attention has been paid to the importance of environmental protection.
2.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic How to Spend Money Wisely with Credit Card based on the picture below. You can cite examples to illustrate your point. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
【范文】Credit card offers a convenient way to buy goods but every coin has two sides. From the cartoon above we see that credit card can lead to unmanageable debt and financial crisis if used unwisely. So people should keep in mind the risk of using credit card and try to spend money wisely.First, before applying a credit card, people should make sure whether they can afford to pay back money spent on the card. Second, it is very important to work out what kind of card meets their needs. Third, people should try to pay their balance in full every month, or they will be charged interest and have negative effects on their credit scores. Finally, since some cards have high interest rates and fees when failing to pay back, it is necessary to work out the cost before using the cards.
3.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Getting to Know the World Outside Campus. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words following the outline given below:
1.大学生了解社会的必要性;
2.了解社会的途径(大众媒介,社会服务等);
3.你打算怎么做?
【范文】In an age of overflowing information, college students need to rapidly process whats coming at them and know how to manage and act on it. They should keep in touch with the world outside campus and adjust themselves to the real society in shortest time.College students can get to know the world outside campus through a variety of ways. They can keep themselves informed by watching TV, listening to radio broadcasts, reading newspapers etc. Even they can take up a part-time job in spare time.Truthfully, everyone needs to enter into society when they reach a certain age. As for me, I plan to find a part-time job in a training center because I decide to be an English teacher after graduation. I know only in practice can I learn more useful teaching skills.
篇5:2024中考英语写作满分必备万能句
全文共 1787 字
+ 加入清单中考马上就要到来了,语文迷小编为大家整理提供中考英语写作万能句子,赶紧来看看吧。
1. 不用说…… It goes without saying that … = (It is) needless to say (that) …
= It is obvious that …
例:不用说早睡早起是值得的。
It goes without saying that it pays to keep early hours.
2. 在各种……之中,…… Among various kinds of …, … /= Of all the …, …
例︰在各种运动中我尤其喜欢慢跑。
Among various kinds of sports, I like jogging in particular.
3. 就我的看法……;我认为……
In my opinion, …
= To my mind, …
= As far as I am concerned, …
= I am of the opinion that …
例:In my opinion, playing video games not only takes much time but is also harmful to health.
就我的看法打电动玩具既花费时间也有害健康。
4. 随着人口的增加…… With the increase/growth of the population, …
随着科技的进步…… With the advance of science and technology, …
例:With the rapid development of Taiwans economy, a lot of social problems have come to pass.
随着台湾经济的快速发展许多社会问题产生了。
5. ……是必要的 It is necessary (for sb.) to do / that …
…… 是重要的 It is important/essential (for sb.) to do / that …
…… 是适当的 It is proper (for sb.) to do / that …
……是紧急的 It is urgent (for sb.) to do / that …
例:It is proper for us to keep the public places clean.
It is proper that we (should) keep the public places clean.
我们应当保持公共场所清洁。
6. 花费 spend … on sth. / doing sth. …
例:我们不应该在我们不感兴趣的事情上花太多的时间。
We shouldnt spend too much time on something we arent interested in.
7. how 引导的感叹句
例:那至少可以证明你很诚实。
At least it will prove how honest you are.
8. 状语从句
A)如果你不……,你就会…… If you dont …, youll …
例︰If you dont keep working hard, youll lose the chance.
如果你不坚持努力工作,你就会失去这次机会。
B) 如此 ……,以至于…… so … that …
例:At that moment, I was so upset that I wanted to give up.
当时,我非常伤心,最后都想放弃了。
9. 宾语从句
我认为,…… / 我认为……不 I think / I dont think that …
我想知道是否…… I wonder whether …
例:He doesnt think I should stop him joining the club.
他认为我不应该阻止他参加这个俱乐部。
10. Since + S + 过去式, S + 现在完成式。
例:Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.
自从他上高中,他就一直很用功。
篇6:英语四级考试作文写作技巧
全文共 1260 字
+ 加入清单想要在20xx年英语四级考试中作文拿高分,遵循以下技巧就行。
20xx年英语四级考试作文技巧一:
总体原则:六个字:先结构后表达。
总体做法:三步法
1. 审题:两项内容:1)英文标题+2)汉语提纲 (如果汉语提纲不是三条,则将其转化为三条提纲)
2. 将三个汉语提纲转化为一个英文表达,充当该段主题句。(首尾段可无主题句,但中间段落最好有)
3. 将主题句扩展成一个英文段落。(方法:举例、数据、对比、列举、补充说明、因果法等)
20xx年英语四级考试作文技巧二:实例及具体时间分配
第1、2步为准备工作 时间控制在三分钟以内:
(注:建议考生带上手表,以便掌握写作时间分配,超过三分钟按照已经列出的关键词的内容展开文章的开头部分)
如一道六级的写作考题为:
directions: for this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic college students" part-time jobs. you should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in chinese) below:
1. 有些人赞成大学生做兼职, 有人反对
2. 我的看法
审题:1. 题目:college students" part-time jobs
2. 提纲:1. 有些人赞成大学生做兼职, 有人反对;2. 我的看法
题目关键词为: part-time jobs
3. 提纲转化为三条:
1. 有些人持相反意见
2. 有些人赞成大学生做兼职
3. 我的看法 (无需写出)
20xx年英语四级考试作文技巧三:先结构:
联想课堂所讲:三段或四段式结构,且每段只写一项内容。
以“三段式”为例:
后表达:(三方面:句、词、衔接)关键词罗列
1. 联想开篇句式:when it comes to …, people" opinions differ/vary. 或者it is a common phenomenon for … to do sth, 或者 it can be noticed that an increasing number of …
将这些表达以关键词的形式列出:如: when… 或者 it is …
2. 转化主题句:
1) 有些人持反对意见- others hold the opposite view.
理由:1. main task- academic study, 2. society complex- cheated
2) 有些人赞成大学生做兼职- hold the positive view
理由:1. ease financial burden 2. enrich experience
3) 我的看法- both right …….
3. 扩展成文
最后,请检查基本语音错误:1, 单词拼写 2, 时态, 3, 单复数,4,关联词
篇7:优秀英语写作素材:经典过渡句
全文共 3994 字
+ 加入清单巧用过度句能使整个文章看起来结构更加清晰,表达的更清楚,成为一个整体。下面是语文迷网整理的过渡句,希望对你有帮助。
1)To prevent this phenomenon/trend from worsening/running wide/To guide the matter/situation to the best advantage, it is necessary/important to……(可用于分析建议类、原因分析类等议论文)
2)In the face of……some people take the position that……/some people come to believe that……, to which I cant attach/add my consent.(可用于批驳分析类议论文)
或:In the face of……people retain/take/show/assume different attitudes/position s/standpoints.(可用于各抒己见类议论文)
或:In the face of……many people have come up with……(可用于对比分析类议论文和知识性说明文等)
3)But many people feel puzzled about/perplexed at/over whelmed with……(the changes/situation), so this essay is intended to……(可用于批驳分析类议论文和知识性说明文)
4)Although lots of people follow the fashion/trend, I still set my heart on……(可用于理由陈述类议论文)
5)To get a sense of how……we must turn first to causes for it/to what benefit(harm/problems/difference)it has brought to our society.(可用于分析建议和原因分析类议论文)
6)This is a(n)favorable/unfavorable/unhealthy/essential/marked/grateful change/tendency/situation, but factors/causes/reasons for it are not hard to find(或but its appearance/existence derives from a variety of factors)。(用于原因分析类议论文)
7)The progress/improvement/change(s)in……is(are)really tremendous/remarkable/prodigious/marvelous, so it is necessary to understand(see)what it(they)illustrate(s)/prove(s)/account(s)for.(用于原因分析类议论文和知识性说明文)
8)A comparison between these changes may be a good way to learn more about……(可用于对比说明文)
9)More insight/inspiration/truth/thought can be deduced from these changes.(可用于知识性说明文)
10)This situation/phenomenon/trend/tendency is rather distressing/disturb ing/depressing/heart-rending, for the opposite of it is just in line with our wishes/just what is to be expected.(可用于分析建议、批驳分析和原因分析等议论文)
11)In that case, however, I prefer to……rather than……(用于理由陈述、比较分析、批驳分析类议论文和知识性说明文)
12)This is what we are unwilling to see, so some way must be found out to……(可用于分析建议、对比分析、批驳分析类议论文和知识性说明文)
13)Fortunately, however, more and more people come/begin to realize that……(可用于分析建议、对比分析和各抒己见类议论文)
14)Unfortunately, things have worsened/come/developed to the point where……(用于分析建议、原因分析、批驳分析、各抒己见类议论文和知识性说明文)
15)But have you ever stopped to think what/how/why……?(可用于除理由陈述之外的各种议论文和知识性说明文)
16)If we take a further/colder/closer look at this problem/matter, however, more secrets/grounds/chances/ways will be found out for……
(e.g.……putting it right/taking action against it/improving it)(可用于分析建议、对比分析、原因分析等议论文和知识性说明文)
17)But this(dis)agreement ceases to exist as soon as……(用于各抒己见、批驳分析、对比分析等议论文和对比说明文)
18)A further/deeper analysis/study/exposure of……/A further comparison between……can reveal more about……/can show us more ways to……(how to……)可用于分析建议、原因分析、对比分析、批驳分析等议论文和对比说明文及知识性说明文)
19)If you push the analysis/study/argument/comparison/exposure further, you will see that……(用于分析建议、对比分析、批驳分析、各抒己见类议论文和对比说明文及知识性说明文)
20)The same is true of many cases in life.(用于举例说明文)
21)Now, lets see what would happen to……in this case/light(或in different conditions/circumstances)。(用于分析建议类议论文和对比说明文)
22)Perhaps, it is ideal/high/ripe time for us to tackle/handle/answer/take up the question in no half-hearted manner.(用于分析建议、原因分析类议论文和知识性说明文)
23)To be frank, I have turned the question over and over in my mind, but found no reason to sidestep it;so here are my ways to……/my reasons for……(用于理由陈述类议论文和知识性说明文)
24)I was once cursed/perplexed/seized with this question, but I have forged/made my own way out of it.(用于知识性说明文)
25)People from different backgrounds, however, put different interpretations on the same thing.(用于各抒己见类议论文和展开式界说性说明文)
26)But different people hold completely different views as to its nature.(用于各抒己见类议论文和界说性说明文)
27)If/When adopted to account for/define/expose……, it can come in different meanings.(用于具体定义说明文)
28)If it is intended for……, however, the divergence of outlook on it ceases to continue while a new meaning to it begins to stand out.(用于归纳性定义说明文)
29)Our life abounds with examples in point.(或The truth in the definition goes for/is applicable to many cases in our life.)(用于举例说明文)
篇8:高考英语写作指导:五步写好英语作文
全文共 1655 字
+ 加入清单想要写好一篇英语作文有哪些方法步骤呢?下面来看看语文迷网为大家带来的写作指导吧。
(一)仔细审题,确定要点。在开始写作这前一定要认真阅读题目中的所有信息(中文提示、图示、注意事项等)把需要表达的全部信息要点列成提纲,列要点时,如果提示是图表,要认真审图,从图中找出要表达的信息要点,如事件发生的背景,人物的衣着、表情、动作、位置、年龄、外貌、图中的英汉文字等,如果有参考词汇,一定要用上。
(二)根据要点,先词组句。近年来高考书面表达的要求不断提高,高分文章要有较多的词汇,较高级的词汇用法。比如表达丰富可以用rich,但如果你用abundant这个词就属于较高级的词汇。再比如“他强调小心驾驶的重要”这个句子 He emphasized the importance of careful driving.其中“强调”这个词如果你用 attach much importance to 效果更佳。
(三)确定时态及人称,内容连贯,结构紧凑。高考书面表达评分标准明确规定,如人称错误要扣分,不同的文体一般都有基本时态。日记通常记叙发生过的事情,多用一般过去时。议论文多用一般现在时,通知等文体通常用一般将来时。每个句子写好之后,句与句之间要选择恰当的连接词。比如:(1)表示承接、递进用语,besides(并且)、whats more(并且),moreover(而且),firstly,secondly,finally(最后),from now on (从此),afterwards I after that(后来),to make things worse/ whats worse(使事情更为糟糕的是),the worst thing of all(最糟糕的是)。(2)表示转折关系用语。but bowever,otherwise,though,despite,in spite of...(尽管)on the other hand(另一方面),as(尽管),all the same(尽管如此)。(3)表示因果关系用语。because/because of......for(因为),owing to (由于),thanks to (由于),due to (由于),so that (结果)。(4)归纳总结用语。to summarize(总而言之),in short/in a word(简而言之),on the whole(从总体看),generally speaking(一般说来),in my view(我的观点),in conclusion(总之)。
(四)句式丰富,避免单词。英语书面表达评分标准第五档(21-25分)要求,“应使用较复杂结构,这要求学生不仅会运用基本句型,也要有意识地使用复杂句型,这是文章的亮点。如何使用复杂结构,我认为适当运用非谓语结构(分词短语、动名词或不定式短语)适当运用各种从句(定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句)是有效什么途径。比如:when he arrived in Beijing,he gave me an e-mail.(时间状语从句。一般)→On arriving in Beijing,he gave me an e-mail.Having arrived in Beijing.he gave me an e-mail.(使用了动名词,分别作状语。高级) Hardly had he arrived in Beijing when he gave me an e-mail.(改变时态,句子结构。高级)I wont believe what he says.(一般)→No matter what he says,I wont believe.(让步状从句,高级)。
(五)认真答写,卷面整洁。高考书面表达评分标准中对书写有较高要求。尤其今年英语作文要进行网上阅卷,如果书写较差,会影响到扫描质量,因此,考生在答卷时,一定要认真、清楚规范地书写,以保卷面整洁。
篇9:英语写作50条常用短语句子
全文共 2221 字
+ 加入清单导语:英语写作中有不少短语和表达大家会经常用到,下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的相关英语写作50条常用短语句子,欢迎阅读与借鉴,谢谢!
1. 经济的快速发展 the rapiddevelopment of economy
2.人民生活水平的显著提高/稳步增长theremarkableimprovement/ steady growth ofpeople’s livingstandard
3.先进的科学技术advanced science and technology
4.面临新的机遇和挑战 be faced with new opportunities and challenges
5.人们普遍认为 It is commonly believed/ recognized that…
6.社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social development
7.引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw publicattention
8.不可否认 Itis undeniable that…/ There is no denying that…
9.热烈的讨论/争论 a heated discussion/ debate
10.有争议性的问题 a controversialissue
11.完全不同的观点 a totally different argument
12.一些人 …而另外一些人 … Some people… while others…
13. 就我而言/ 就个人而言 As far as I am concerned, / Personally,
14.就…达到绝对的一致 reach an absolute consensus on…
15.有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons
16.双方的论点 argument on both sides
17.发挥着日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role in…
18.对…必不可少 be indispensableto …
19.正如谚语所说 As the proverb goes:
20.…也不例外 …be no exception
21.对…产生有利/不利的影响 exert positive/ negative effects on…
22.利远远大于弊 the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages。
23.导致,引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in
24.复杂的社会现象 a complicated social phenomenon
25.责任感 / 成就感 sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement
26. 竞争与合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation
27. 开阔眼界 widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision
28.学习知识和技能 acquire knowledge and skills
29.经济/心理负担 financial burden / psychologicalburden
30.考虑到诸多因素 take many factors into account/ consideration
31. 从另一个角度 from another perspective
32.做出共同努力 make joint efforts
33. 对…有益 be beneficial / conducive to…
34.为社会做贡献 make contributions to the society
35.打下坚实的基础 lay a solid foundation for…
36.综合素质 comprehensivequality
37.无可非议 blameless / beyond reproach
38.加大了…的可能性 increase the chances of
39.致力于/ 投身于 be committed / devoted to…
40. 应当承认 Admittedly
41.不可推卸的义务 unshakable duty
42. 满足需求 satisfy/ meet the needs of…
43.可靠的信息源 a reliablesource of information
44.宝贵的自然资源 valuable natural resources
45.因特网 the Internet (一定要由冠词,字母I
46.方便快捷 convenient andefficient
47.在人类生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life
48.环保(的) environmental protection /environmentallyfriendly
49.社会进步的体现 a symbol of society progress
50.科技的飞速更新 the ever-accelerated updating of scienceandtechnology
篇10:小升初英语作文写作技巧_小学英语作文1000字
全文共 860 字
+ 加入清单考试就要开始了,对还有什么不了解的呢?为考生们提供各种面试、学习、择校等技巧及经验,希望可以帮助大家考得好成绩。在这里先网预祝大家考出理想成绩。
1.表文章结构顺序:
Firstofall,Firstly/First,Secondly/Second…
Andthen,Finally,Intheend,Atlast
2.表并列补充关系的:
Whatismore,Besides,Moreover,
3.表转折对比关系的:
However,Onthecontrary,but
Ononehand…Ontheotherhand…Some…,whileothers…
4.表因果关系的:
Because,As、So,Therefore,Asaresult
5.表换一种方式表达:
Inotherwords
6.表进行举例说明:
Forexample,句子;Forinstance,句子;suchas+n/doing
7.表陈述事实:Infact
8.表达自己观点:
AsfarasIknow,Inmyopinion
9.表总结:
Inshort,Inaword.
文中正确使用两三个好的句型,如:感叹句、宾语从句、动名词做主语等。
宾语从句举例:
IbelieveTianjinwillbemorebeautifulandprosperous.
感叹句举例:
HowIwanttostudyinthebestmiddleschoolinGuangzhou!
动名词做主语举例:
Readingbooksandswimmingaremyhobbies.
常用状语从句句型:
1)时间:
when,not…until(直到…才…),assoonas(一…就…)
2)目的:
sothat+clause;(为了)
3)结果:
so…that…(如此…以至于…),too…todo(太……以至于……)
4)条件:
if,unless(除非),aslongas(只要)
5)比较:
as…as…(与…一样),notso…as…,than
篇11:中考英语写作素材:环保
全文共 2768 字
+ 加入清单环保是一个热点话题,下面语文迷网整理提供了关于环保的英语写作素材,希望对你有帮助。
环保的英语名言
1、 Dont litter the floor.不随地扔垃圾。
2、 Governments of many countries have established laws to protect the air, forests and sea resources and to stop environmental pollution.许多国家制定了法律来保护大气、森林和海洋资源,制止环境污染。
3、 Please keep off the grass.不要践踏草坪。
4、 It’s our duty to save water节约水是我们每个人的责任。
5、 Safety First.安全第一。
6、 Earth is our home, you rely on green.地球是我家,绿化靠大家。
7、 Environmental problems directly affect the quality of peoples lives.环境问题直接影响人们的生活质量。
8、 Lets do our best to make it more beautiful.让我们尽力让它更美丽。
9、 If we dont save water, the last drop of water will be a tear-drop of us.如果我们不节约水,那么最后一滴水也许会是我们人类的眼泪。
10、 Handle with Care.小心轻放。
11、 No climbing.禁止攀爬。
12、 Save the earth, Our Only Home.保护地球,我们唯一的家。
13、 As we know , water is very important to man.我们知道,水对人类来说是非常的重要。
14、 Most environmental litigation involves disputes with governmental agencies.许多环保诉讼都涉及与政府机构的争端。
15、 Do not throw rubbish onto the ground. Do not waste water. Use both sides of paper when you write. Stop using plastic bags for shopping. Make classrooms less noisy.不要在地上扔垃圾。不要浪费水。当你写字时要在纸的两面都要写。停止使用塑料袋去购物。减少教室里德吵闹声。
16、 The most important question in the world today is pollution.当今世界最重要的话题就是污染问题。
17、 No one can live without water or air.没有人能离开水和空气生存。
18、 We should stop factories from producing harmful gases.我们应该阻止工厂生产有害气体。
19、 Many rivers and lakes are seriously polluted.很多河流湖泊已经受到严重污染。
20、 Without the shade from trees, Earth would get too hot to live on.没有了树荫,地球将会变得太热而不能生存。
21、 We need to protect Earth because it is our home.我们需要保护地球因为它是我们的家。
22、 Discharge pipes directly take pollutants away from the plant into the river.排泄管道直接将污染物从工厂排入河流。
23、 Please shut the door after you.出入请关门。
24、 We should plant more and more trees in order to live better and more healthy in the future为了将来我们的生活过得更好、更加健康我们应该种更多的树。
环保的词汇
21世纪议程:Agenda 21世界环境日(6月5日):World Environment Day (June 5th each year)
世界环境日主题:World Environment Day Themes冰川消融,后果堪忧!(2007年)Melting Ice–a Hot Topic!
莫使旱地变荒漠!(2006年)Deserts and Desertification–Dont Desert Drylands!
营造绿色城市,呵护地球家园!(2005年)Green Cities – Plan for the Planet!
海洋存亡,匹夫有责!(2004年)Wanted! Seas and Oceans – Dead or Alive!
水——二十亿人生命之所系!(2003年)Water - Two Billion People are Dying for It!
让地球充满生机!(2002年)Give Earth a Chance!
世间万物,生命之网!(2001年)Connect with the World Wide Web of life!
环境千年-行动起来吧!(2000年)The Environment Millennium - Time to Act!
拯救地球就是拯救未来!(1999年)Our Earth - Our Future - Just Save It!
为了地球上的生命-拯救我们的海洋!(1998年) For Life on Earth - Save Our Seas!
为了地球上的生命!(1997)For Life on Earth我们的地球、居住地、家园:(1996)Our Earth, Our Habitat, Our Home国际生物多样性日(12月29日):International Biodiversity Day (29 December)
世界水日(3月22日):World Water Day (22 March)
世界气象日(3月23日):World Meteorological Day (23 March)
世界海洋日(6月8日):World Oceans Day (8 June)
植树节(3月12日):Arbor Day (12 March)
篇12:2024年托福英语作文写作方法:审题和布局
全文共 2963 字
+ 加入清单一、审题的“精确性”
在上篇中,笔者已经介绍了部分考题中的“绝对性”的应对措施,而根据专家对于过去2年独立写作考题的分析,发现有90%以上的题目属于“支持/反对”型:
2011.01.30
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
Because the change of the society is so rapidly, people are less happy or less satisfied with their life than people did in the past time.
而剩下的则是由“对比论述型”构成的:
2011.03.13
Some people think children should spend most of their time in studying and playing while others think they should help their parents with the household chores. What’s your opinion?
在审题时,考生必须首先把题目通读1-3遍,彻底把握题目主旨后,方可进行段落布局。在这里,笔者结合自己的经验给考生们一些建议:首先,判断题目是否包含“绝对”含义的词,若有,则按照上篇讲过的建议布局,若没有,则对于同意或者反对的理由进行快速的brain storming, 然后根据分论点的数量及论点的可延展性来敲定立场:
Some people think that human needs for farmland, housing, and industry are more important than saving land for endangered animals. Do you agree or disagree with this point of view? Why or why not? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
Disagree:
1) Endangered animals are valuable because of their limited quantities
2) Environment balance
3) Endangered animals sometimes stand for the country, so they are more valuable than farmlands
Agree:
1) life quality is the top priority
2) endangered animals can be raised in the zoos
经过一番考量,假如考生得出了上述的一些分论点及想法,这时候,主体段的布局基本就可以敲定大方向了。第一种就是完全反对题目的说法,采用五段式结构布局,每个主体段论证上述三个分论点中的一个;第二种也是反对题目的说法,采用五段式结构布局,但是前2个主体段从三个分论点中选二个去论证,而第三个主体段从“同意”的二个分论点里去选一个,最后的结论还是倾向于反对的。第三种是采用四段式结构布局,即第一个主体段从三个反对意见中选择二到三个分论点去写,而第二个主体段则从赞同的分论点里去选择,数量上比前一段少一个即可,最后结论还是倾向于反对多一点。这样说是不是有些同学看了会有点“晕”呢?那下面笔者就再举个简单点的例子吧:
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Television, newspapers, magazines, and other media pay too much attention to the personal lives of famous people such as public figures and celebrities. Use specific reasons and details to explain your opinion.
Disagree:
1) Most people are common, so they want to know something about famous ones
2) Famous people stand for some fashion
3) Constrain the public figures
4) Celebrities can improve the national cohesion and unity
又经过了几分钟思考,我们得出了上述的四个分论点,但是一时半会赞同的理由实在是想不出。若考试的时候遇到这种情况,千万别犹豫不决,马上从已经想好的观点里面进行挑选。于是,这个题目我们就采用完全反对的立场,以五段式结构布局全文,主体段的分论点从上述四点中挑选三个展开论述即可。这样一来,大家是不是明白一点了呢?
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents or other adult relatives should make important decisions for their older (15 to 18 year-old) teenage children. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.
Agree: Parents make decision for children.
1) Parents have more experience
2) 15-18 years old children are not adults, so they cant take responsibility
还有一种情况就是我们只能想出两个分论点,这时候考生应该果断采用四段式布局,而这一次,两个主体段都分别论述一个同意的理由,而在结尾时,可以顺便提一些反对的理由,这样也不失为一种灵活的方法,希望考生们可以借鉴。
二、分论点的排列原则
专家提醒考生们,在布局的时候我们不是随意编排分论点的先后顺序,而是需要有一定的逻辑性和合理性。一般说来,五段式的三个主体段,若都是同意或者都是反对的理由的话,一般这些分论点有两种逻辑顺序,即第一种按照“重要性”来排,将你认为最主要的理由放在第一个主体段中详细论证;第二种是按照“小到大”的原则,即个人方面的理由先写,然后再是家庭,公司,最后再是社会,国家等。倘若所有的论点都是在一个范围内的,比如都是属于个人的论点,则这个时候要看这些分论点后续的论证内容的多少,比如某一个分论点你既举得出例子,又可以进行对比或者因果论述的话那肯定应该先写这个分论点,若某一个分论点后续能够阐述的理由只有一句话的时候那就应该果断地将其排在后面写。若文章是四段式的结构,则在一个主体段中的排列顺序和前面讲的原则是一致的。
篇13:1汉语环境影响英语写作的几个方面
全文共 743 字
+ 加入清单1.1词汇方面
如果把写英语作文比作建楼房的话,英语词汇在英语写作中起着砖、瓦的作用,是句子的最基本的组成部分,所以词汇是我们高中英语教学中的重点,单词听写是课堂教学必不可少的一个环节,但学生的词汇量毕竟有限,遇到问题时,便会用汉语词汇去补充英语词汇的空缺。
例如:交通十分繁忙。误:The traffic is busy. 正:The traffic is heavy.
她和一位教授结婚了。误:She married with a professor.
正:She married a professor.
英语词语的词义往往比较复杂,并和汉语有着一定区别。这种不同就会会导致学生仅把写作当作一词一句的翻译来做,结果是事倍功半。
1.2语法方面
英语中难点就是时态,语态的掌握。英语中常用时态共十六种,语态分为主动语态与被动语态,语气有陈述语气与虚拟语气之分。不同的时态有它特有的句法结构。如现在进行时态使用be+v-ing形式来表示。现在完成时则用have/has +p.p来表示。一般将来时则用shall/will/be going to+v来表示。英语中时间意义的表达是通过动词的时和体来加以反映,而汉语中不存在时、体等,汉语则依靠表示时间的副词(如“曾经”、“正在”、“已经”、“将要”)作状语,或利用虚词“了”、“着”、“过”等作补语这一语法手段来体现,动词本身无任何变化。在英语中,“already”和“ever”常常用在完成时态之中,不能与表示过去的时间状语连用。学生常常把上述句子错译成“Yesterday I have been to the park.”“Five years ago,they have known each other.”又如在英语中,我们常常用否定前置来
篇14:2024年高考英语写作素材:端午节的故事
全文共 1676 字
+ 加入清单(一)屈原投江
(one) Qu Yuan River
为了纪念爱国诗人屈原,居民为了不让跳下汨罗江的屈原尸体被鱼虾吃掉,所以在江里投下许多用竹叶包裹的米食(粽子),并且竞相划船(赛龙船)希望找到屈原的尸体。
To commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan, residents in order not to let Qu Yuans Miluo River jumped by fish and shrimp to eat, so in the river for the rice wrapped in bamboo leaves with many (dumplings), and race (rowing Dragon Boat Race) to find Qu Yuans body.
(二)曹娥寻父尸
(two) case of seeking father.
东汉孝女曹娥,因曹父溺江而亡,年仅十四岁的她沿江豪哭,经十七日仍不见曹父尸首,乃在五月一日投江,五日后两尸合抱而浮起的感人事迹, 乡人群而祭之。
The Eastern Han Dynasty filial daughter Cao E, drowned himself in a river because Cao father died, only fourteen years old, she cried along the ho, after seventeen days still do not see Cao father body, but in May 1st the river, five days from two dead and floating deeds, people group and sacrifice.
(三)白蛇传
(three) the legend of white snake
传说白蛇白素贞,为了报答许仙的恩惠,与许仙结为夫妻的凄美的爱情故事,传说端午节当天白蛇喝了雄黄酒,差点现出蛇形,加上法海白蛇及水淹金山寺的情节,都是脍炙人口的民间戏曲的曲目。
The legend of white snake and Bai Suzhen, in order to repay the grace of Xu Xian, and Xu Xianjie married the beautiful love story, the legend of the White Snake Legend of the Dragon Boat Festival a male Yellow Wine, almost a snake, white snake and flooded with sea Jinshan Temple of the plot, is a folk opera music win universal praise.
(四)伍子胥的忌日
(four) the anniversary of the death of Wu Zixu
传说伍子胥助吴伐楚后,吴王阖闾逝世,皇子夫差继位,伐越大胜,越王句践请和,伍子胥主战,夫差不听,却听信奸臣言,赐伍子胥自杀,并于于五月五日将尸体投入江中,此后人们于端午节纪祀伍子胥。
Legend has it that Wu Zixu will Fachu Wu, Wu helv Prince died, his successor, the victory of the king, and Wu Zixu battle, the king, do not listen, but listen to a word, give Wu Zixu Dutch act, and on May 5th the bodies into the river, then people in the Dragon Boat Festival worship Wu Zixu ji.
篇15:大学英语四级写作冲刺的方法
全文共 1641 字
+ 加入清单一、四级作文概述
四级作文是提纲作文,一般按提纲写出相应段落即可。在文章内容上无需追求高深新颖,切题合理便可落笔;在思路逻辑上则要求句意通顺,文字流畅;在文字表现上要求无语法错误,个别小错可忽略(如动介搭配,单词拼写等不涉及语法类小错)。另外,值得一提的是,在篇章结构上建议写三段,所以即便题目只给出两个提纲,最好在完成两个提纲后,再多补充一段,所补内容不限,但须跟话题相关。
二、四级作文例题分析
(1) The Shortage of Fresh Water
1. 目前淡水资源非常紧缺
2. 为什么会出现这种情况
3. 该如何解决
96年6月份曾考过此题,今天来看,似乎更有现实意义。这是一道负面社会现象题,那么挖掘其背后根源,并找出解决方案,就成为探讨的主要方面,而提纲也正是如此。三个提纲各属其类,界限清晰,直接按提纲写三段即可。段1为提出现象,确立研究对象。提纲1翻译后仅一句话,作为一段话则显内容单薄,字数匮乏,所以需进一步发挥。不妨从例证角度扩充,举例时即可基于国内现状,也可纵观全球,显然前者更易行。可从我国西南地区的生活缺水,水价上升,以及河流干涸等细节方面铺陈。段2是原因分析,建议分析主观原因和客观原因两方面。所谓主观原因即是基于人的思想意念,心理意识,行为动机以及行为举措,比如人们节约意识的淡漠或者人们误认为淡水取之不尽等不当想法。而客观原因则是从非人角度出发,如社会发展,人口激增,甚至污染的加剧等方面出发,这些因素均使得淡水消耗的增加。当然,考场上由于时间紧迫,无法细想,可能会写出的两个全是主观类或客观类的原因,其实也无妨,只要二者不同即可,谨防虽言明两原因,但实则彼此混淆,出现逻辑不清的窘况。段3是措施分析,措施可从官方措施和民众措施两方面写起,也可加入作为现代年轻人,我该如何约束自己,从生活中小事做起节约水资源等内容。总之,在内容上考生尽可发挥想象力,纵马驰骋,原则依旧:切题者皆可。
(2)Part-time Jobs for College Students
1.目前大学校园里很多学生业余时间做兼职
2.对于大学生是否该做兼职工作,人们看法不一
3.我的看法
这是一道校园话题,在内容上即涉及现象,又涉及观点,能很好地考察到学生的综合分析能力。提纲1依旧是现象提出,看到提纲1,大家脑海里会浮现很多熟悉的场景,如校园布告栏里张贴着的兼职广告,校园论坛上也经常发布的一些兼职信息等等,这些都可反映在段1中。所以当我们第一眼看到话题或提纲时,脑海中常常会浮现出相关场景,把这些画面定格,进行详细描绘即可,即自然又切题。当然,段1也可从学生的兼职渠道以及兼职类型等方面加以发挥。总之,提纲是总领,而符合总领的任何附属内容都可写。段2是人们对此学生兼职的不同看法,一正一反。切记在表达上述两类观点时,提出其相关论据。段3是提出作者本人看法。本人看法既可选择上述任一方(只要不极端),也可提出与上述均异的第三类观点,对于极度偏激的正反方观点则需做一番调和与勾兑(这个一般很少见)。需要提醒的是,继提出己方观点后,还应补充其他内容,如论据;也可写我的下一步做法,甚至可写我所认为的大家对此问题所应采取的对策云云。
(3)Private Cars of Today
1.目前私家车越来多了
2.私家车为人们带来的益处和问题
这道题只有两个提纲,所以建议在完成提纲要求内容之后再补充一段相关内容,可以在提纲2之后续补段3(如举措类:如何合理地限制私家车的出行以减少废气排放等等),也可在1,2之间插入一段(如原因分析,即为何私家车越来越多)。先来看提纲1,依然是事实陈述,看到提纲1,会很容易联想到马路上川流不息的过往车辆,以及高峰期令人沮丧的堵车,那么即可将这些内容付诸笔端。再看提纲2,是私家车给人们生活带来的影响,该事实是一中性事实,则需辩证地分析其影响的两面性,一方面它带来好处,如让人们的出行变得更自由更方便,另一方面它带来坏处,如排放废气,污染环境,或造成交通堵塞等等。
篇16:英语论文的格式与写作方法
全文共 5884 字
+ 加入清单语言和内容是评判一篇英语论文质量高低的重要依据;但是,写作格式规范与否亦是一个不可忽略的衡量标准。小编收集了英语论文的格式与写作方法,欢迎阅读。
一、英语论文的标题
一篇较长的英语论文(如英语毕业论文)一般都需要标题页,其书写格式如下:第一行标题与打印纸顶端的距离约为打印纸全长的三分之一,与下行(通常为by,居中)的距离则为5cm,第三、第四行分别为作者姓名及日期(均居中)。如果该篇英语论文是学生针对某门课程而写,则在作者姓名与日期之间还需分别打上教师学衔及其姓名(如:Dr./Prof.C.Prager)及本门课程的编号或名称(如:English 734或British Novel)。打印时,如无特殊要求,每一行均需double space,即隔行打印,行距约为0.6cm(论文其他部分行距同此)。
就学生而言,如果英语论文篇幅较短,亦可不做标题页(及提纲页),而将标题页的内容打在正文第一页的左上方。第一行为作者姓名,与打印纸顶端距离约为2.5cm,以下各行依次为教师学衔和姓、课程编号(或名称)及日期;各行左边上下对齐,并留出2.5cm左右的页边空白(下同)。接下来便是论文标题及正文(日期与标题之间及标题与正文第一行之间只需隔行打印,不必留出更多空白)。
二、英语论文提纲
英语论文提纲页包括论题句及提纲本身,其规范格式如下:先在第一行(与打印纸顶端的距离仍为2.5cm左右)的始端打上 Thesis 一词及冒号,空一格后再打论题句,回行时左边须与论题句的第一个字母上下对齐。主要纲目以大写罗马数字标出,次要纲目则依次用大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字和小写英文字母标出。各数字或字母后均为一句点,空出一格后再打该项内容的第一个字母;处于同一等级的纲目,其上下行左边必须对齐。需要注意的是,同等重要的纲目必须是两个以上,即:有Ⅰ应有Ⅱ,有A应有B,以此类推。如果英文论文提纲较长,需两页纸,则第二页须在右上角用小写罗马数字标出页码,即ii(第一页无需标页码)。
三、英语论文正文
有标题页和提纲页的英语论文,其正文第一页的规范格式为:论文标题居中,其位置距打印纸顶端约5cm,距正文第一行约1.5cm。段首字母须缩进五格,即从第六格打起。正文第一页不必标页码(但应计算其页数),自第二页起,必须在每页的右上角(即空出第一行,在其后部)打上论文作者的姓,空一格后再用阿拉伯数字标出页码;阿拉伯数字(或其最后一位)应为该行的最后一个空格。在打印正文时尚需注意标点符号的打印格式,即:句末号(句号、问号及感叹号)后应空两格,其他标点符号后则空一格。
四、英语论文的文中引述
正确引用作品原文或专家、学者的论述是写好英语论文的重要环节;既要注意引述与论文的有机统一,即其逻辑性,又要注意引述格式 (即英语论文参考文献)的规范性。引述别人的观点,可以直接引用,也可以间接引用。无论采用何种方式,论文作者必须注明所引文字的作者和出处。目前美国学术界通行的做法是在引文后以圆括弧形式注明引文作者及出处。现针对文中引述的不同情况,将部分规范格式分述如下。
1.若引文不足三行,则可将引文有机地融合在论文中。如:
The divorce of Arnolds personal desire from his inheritance results in “the familiar picture of Victorian man alone in an alien universe”(Roper9).
这里,圆括弧中的Roper为引文作者的姓(不必注出全名);阿拉伯数字为引文出处的页码(不要写成p.9);作者姓与页码之间需空一格,但不需任何标点符号;句号应置于第二个圆括弧后。
2.被引述的文字如果超过三行,则应将引文与论文文字分开,如下例所示:
Whitman has proved himself an eminent democratic representative and precursor, and his “Democratic Vistas”
is an admirable and characteristic
diatribe. And if one is sorry that in it
Whitman is unable to conceive the
extreme crises of society, one is certain
that no society would be tolerable whoses
citizens could not find refreshment in its
buoyant democratic idealism.(Chase 165)
这里的格式有两点要加以注意。一是引文各行距英语论文的左边第一个字母十个空格,即应从第十一格打起;二是引文不需加引号,末尾的句号应标在最后一个词后。
3.如需在引文中插注,对某些词语加以解释,则要使用方括号(不可用圆括弧)。如:
Dr.Beaman points out that“he [Charles Darw in] has been an important factor in the debate between evolutionary theory and biblical creationism”(9).
值得注意的是,本例中引文作者的姓已出现在引导句中,故圆括弧中只需注明引文出处的页码即可。
4.如果拟引用的文字中有与论文无关的词语需要删除,则需用省略号。如果省略号出现在引文中则用三个点,如出现在引文末,则用四个点,最后一点表示句号,置于第二个圆括弧后(一般说来,应避免在引文开头使用省略号);点与字母之间,或点与点之间都需空一格。如:
Mary Shelley hated tyranny and“looked upon the poor as pathetic victims of the social system and upon the rich and highborn...with undisguised scorn and contempt...(Nitchie 43).
5.若引文出自一部多卷书,除注明作者姓和页码外,还需注明卷号。如:
Professor Chen Jias A History of English Literature aimed to give Chinese readers“a historical survey of English literature from its earliest beginnings down to the 20thcentury”(Chen,1:i).
圆括弧里的1为卷号,小写罗马数字i为页码,说明引文出自第1卷序言(引言、序言、导言等多使用小写的罗马数字标明页码)。此外,书名 A History of English Literature 下划了线;规范的格式是:书名,包括以成书形式出版的作品名(如《失乐园》)均需划线,或用斜体字;其他作品,如诗歌、散文、短篇小说等的标题则以双引号标出,如“To Autumn”及前面出现的“Democratic Vistas”等。
6.如果英语论文中引用了同一作者的两篇或两篇以上的作品,除注明引文作者及页码外,还要注明作品名。如:
Bacon condemned Platoas“an obstacle to science”(Farrington, Philosophy 35).
Farrington points out that Aristotles father Nicomachus, a physician, probably trained his son in medicine(Aristotle 15).
这两个例子分别引用了Farrington的两部著作,故在各自的圆括弧中分别注出所引用的书名,以免混淆。两部作品名均为缩写形式(如书名太长,在圆括弧中加以注明时均需使用缩写形式),其全名分别为 Founder of Scientific Philosophy 及 The Philosophy of Francis Baconand Aristotle。
7.评析诗歌常需引用原诗句,其引用格式如下例所示。
When Beowulf dives upwards through the water and reaches the surface,“The surging waves, great tracts of water, / were all cleansed...”(1.1620-21).
这里,被引用的诗句以斜线号隔开,斜线号与前后字母及标点符号间均需空一格;圆括弧中小写的1是line的缩写;21不必写成1621。如果引用的诗句超过三行,仍需将引用的诗句与论文文字分开(参见第四项第2点内容)。
五、英语论文的文献目录
论文作者在正文之后必须提供论文中全部引文的详细出版情况,即文献目录页。美国高校一般称此页为 Works Cited, 其格式须注意下列几点:
1.目录页应与正文分开,另页打印,置于正文之后。
2.目录页应视为英语论文的一页,按论文页码的顺序在其右上角标明论文作者的姓和页码;如果条目较多,不止一页,则第一页不必标出作者姓和页码(但必须计算页数),其余各页仍按顺序标明作者姓和页码。标题Works Cited与打印纸顶端的距离约为2.5cm,与第一条目中第一行的距离仍为0.6cm;各条目之间及各行之间的距离亦为0.6cm,不必留出更多空白。
3.各条目内容顺序分别为作者姓、名、作品名、出版社名称、出版地、出版年份及起止页码等;各条目应严格按各作者姓的首字母顺序排列,但不要给各条目编码,也不必将书条与杂志、期刊等条目分列。
4.各条目第一行需顶格打印,回行时均需缩进五格,以将该条目与其他条目区分开来。
现将部分较为特殊的条目分列如下,并略加说明,供读者参考。
Two or More Books by the Same Author
Brooks, Cleanth. Fundamentals of Good Writing: A
Handbook of Modern Rhetoric. NewYork: Harcourt, 1950.
---The Hidden God: Studies in Hemingway, Faulkner, Yeats,
Eliot, and Warren. New Haven: Yale UP,1963.
引用同一作者的多部著作,只需在第一条目中注明该作者姓名,余下各条目则以三条连字符及一句点代替该作者姓名;各条目须按书名的第一个词(冠词除外)的字母顺序排列。
An Author with an Editor
Shake speare, William. The Tragedy of Macbeth. Ed. Louis B.
Wright. New York: Washington Square, 1959.
本条目将作者 Shakespeare 的姓名排在前面,而将编者姓名(不颠倒)放在后面,表明引文出自 The Tragedy of Macbeth;如果引文出自编者写的序言、导言等,则需将编者姓名置前,如:
Blackmur, Richard P.Introduction. The Art of the Novel:
Critical Prefaces. By Henry James. New York: Scribners,
1962.vii-xxxix.
如果引言与著作为同一人所写,则其格式如下例所示(By后只需注明作者姓即可):
Emery, Donald. Preface. English Fundamentals. By Emery.
London: Macmillan, 1972.v-vi.
A Multivolume Work
Browne, Thomas. The Works of Sir Thomas Browne. Ed.
Geoffrey Keynes. 4 vols. London: Faber, 1928.
Browne, Thomas. The Works of Sir Thomas Browne. Ed.
Geoffrey Keynes. Vol.2. London: Faber, 1928. 4 vols.
第一条目表明该著作共4卷,而论文作者使用了各卷内容;第二条目则表明论文作者只使用了第2卷中的内容。
A Selection from an Anthology
Abram, M. H.“English Romanticism: The Spirit of the Age.”
Romanticism Reconsidered. Ed. Northrop Frye. New
York: Columbia UP,1963.63-88.
被引用的英语论文名须用引号标出,并注意将英语论文名后的句点置于引号内。条目末尾必须注明该文在选集中的起止页码。
Articles in Journals, Magazines, and Newspapers
Otto, Mary L.“Child Abuse: Group Treatment for Parents.”
Personnel and Guidance Journal 62(1984): 336-48.
报刊杂志名需划线,但其后不需任何标点符号。62为卷号或期号,如既有卷号,又有期号,则要将二者以句号分开。如:(3.3);1984为出版年份,应置于圆括弧中。
Arnold, Marilgn.“Willa Cathers Nostalgia: A Study in
Ambivalance.”Research Studies Mar.1981:23-24,28.
月刊或双月刊须同时注明出版年月;23-24,28表示该文的前一部分刊于第23和24两页,后一部分则转至第28页。
Gorney, Cynthia.“When the Gorilla Speaks.”Washington Post
31 July,1985:B1.
引用日报上的英语论文必须同时注明报纸出版的年、月、日。B1为该文在报纸中的版面及页码。参考文献(略)
篇17:抢先看17年考研英语高分作文写作方法
全文共 994 字
+ 加入清单导语:很多同学谈英语作文而色变,大家似乎都特别怕写作。其实要把英语作文写成高分不外乎就是多背,多看,多练,多积累,多仿。趁着还有时间,建议考生要抓紧复习提升,下面是高分作文写作的方法,17年的考生认真看看。
一、了解意图,抓住精髓
近年来的大作文非常玄妙,值得细品。首先,很可能大作文正在经历由时事向哲理过渡的重大变革,这在2001年、2002年、2004年、2007年、2009和2010年真题上表现得最为明显。其次,出题人将尽量用图画来表达意图,而不借助或少借助图中或图旁的文字,这样意义表达的会更深刻,对考生的思考力和判断力的要求也就更高。第三,图画的含义深刻,可以接受的解释也较多,但要想取得高分,必须紧扣图画,把握住其中的精髓,最深刻地表达其核心的意义。
二、扣紧主题
写大作文时切记要扣紧主题,切不可离题太远,导致最后回不来或时间不够写不完。另外,各部分之间的比例应适当,第一段不要太长。与主题相关的关键词语一定要用对,否则会影响分数。
三、看清要求
有的同学一看到写“网络”,就立即联想到这方面最火爆的话题“网络成瘾”,将主题确定为此。有的同学干脆将之转变为自己看到过的文章——“网络的利与弊”。这些都是不正确的做法。写大作文时,首先要减少语言的错误,提高语言的准确性。语言错误有许多种,有的是小错误,甚至可以忽略不计,而有些是大错误,是让老师看到后不得不扣分的错误。另一方面就是增加闪光点,除了结构清晰外,闪光点主要指好的词、词组或句型,一是使用恰当,二是要有变换。上述这两点都不容易,而结合起来就更难了。如果文章分为三段,那么起始段、结尾段和中间段落的开始部分是非常关键的。对于背诵的好词、词组和句型,一定要和具体的行文联系起来,融入到文章中去,不仅要用对,还要用好,避免给人突兀的感觉。
四、避免投机取巧
近年来,有些考生有投机的心理,结果却很惨烈。有的考生准备了万能模板,直接往上套,这样的效果并不好。正如有的较为激进的阅卷老师所说,这些考生是想通过不诚实的手段得到不属于他的东西,这样的人应该得到惩罚。实际上这些考生中有的水平还不错,如果坚持依靠自己,咬紧牙关奋力拼搏的话,结果会是不错的。
综上所述,对于作文这一部分来说,大家应该首先了解不同文章的特点和规律,而后用心地学习范文并进行模仿,然后练习全文写作并请老师批改再细细揣摩。相信通过这样的过程,大家的写作一定会有长足的进步。
篇18:如何零基础学习英语写作
全文共 1114 字
+ 加入清单在学习英语写作之前先来看下练习写作对你的英文有什么样的帮助:
好处1、辅助提升口语语言组织力
好处2、提升语法
好处3、帮助背单词和句型。
了解到联系英语写作带来的好处后让我们来看看学习英语写作有哪些方法:
零基础英语写作入门方法一:背单词
单词是英语写作的基本构成之一,拥有大量的词汇才能写出你想要的文章,背单词有很多方法用mp3在零碎的时间边听边背边写,还有单词前后缀记忆法等众多方法,只要掌握其中一种适合你的方法,就开始大量的充实你的词汇吧。
零基础英语写作入门方法二:语法
语法是将单词串联在一起变成文章的那根线,学习好语法是整个英语阅读的重中之重。推荐熟读语法俱乐部,同时搭配大量的阅读自己感兴趣的文章,在大量的语境中去领受感悟本书的妙处。
零基础英语写作入门方法三:长时间的练习
写日记,这是最简单最长久的写作练习你不需要有任何的准备,这是你会接触到最基础的写作练习,你可以写任何你感兴趣的事情,你要做的就是拿起笔和本子把自已生活上的点点滴滴用英文记录下来。下面就是我的第一篇英文日记!
"today i rest,i stayed at home.sister call me go to the mother.i want not go there,because i must go to the company .去领 clothes.刚刚上完课come back.at home i find my 皮 shoes.now 要穿皮shoes了,write 日记好搞笑,还可以写点english了,i believe 以后 i sure i会更好。”
大家可能会看不懂这篇文章。你可能会觉得很好,说老实话当我现回过头去看我以前的日记我看了也觉得很好笑。但这就是我的第一篇英文日记,我的英文写作就是从这里开始的。你会发现写得非常直白,简直就是中文翻译毫无语法可言。但没有关系每个人开始都是这样的。
在写日记的开始阶段,你可能会像我这样不知道怎么去写或跟本无法组织语言,你可以像我这样按自已大脑里中文的想法去写,把会的单词都写上去不会的就用中文代替。在这个阶段你更多的是在使用你所学的词汇,有时候你会觉得这样很好玩。每天坚持写一篇,慢慢的你会发现你用的中文越来越少了有时候整篇文章都可以用英文写出来,随着你英语学习的进度不断推进,你在写句子的时候你不会直译了,你开始吧语法考虑到你的语言组织里面去。
当你要表边一个句子又找不到这个单词的时候,这种映像会深深的印在你的脑海里,当你在收集单词时候你就会注意收集那些非常实用的单词了。你会背更多的单词因为你想终有一天我的整篇文章是用英文写的。对于初期的写作,我认为就是这样写吧,请注意兴趣的培养。
篇19:高考英语写作素材之高频谚语
全文共 1701 字
+ 加入清单在我们的英语写作过程中,如果能够很好的运用英语谚语,能给我们的作文带来亮点。下面是语文迷整理的高频谚语,一起来看看吧。
(一) Where there is a will,there is a way. 有志者事竟成。
(二) One false step will make a great difference. 失之毫厘,谬之千里。
(三) Slow and steady wins the race. 稳扎稳打无往而不胜。
(四) A fall into the pit,a gain in your wit. 吃一堑,长一智。
(五) Experience is the mother of wisdom. 实践出真知。
(六) All work and no play makes jack a dull boy. 只工作不玩耍,聪明孩子也变傻。
(七) Beauty without virtue is a rose without fragrance.无德之美犹如没有香味的玫瑰,徒有其表。
(八) More hasty,less speed. 欲速则不达。
(九) Its never too old to learn. 活到老,学到老。
(十) All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的未必都是金子。
(十一) Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。
(十二) God helps those who help themselves. 天助自助者。
(十三) Easier said than done. 说起来容易做起来难。
(十四) A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.千里之行始于足下。
(十五) Look before you leap. 三思而后行。
(十六) Rome was not built in a day. 伟业非一日之功。
(十七) Great minds think alike. 英雄所见略同。
(十八) well begun,half done. 好的开始等于成功的一半。
(十九) It is hard to please all. 众口难调。
(二十) Out of sight,out of mind. 眼不见,心不念。
(二十一) Do as Romans do in Rome. 入乡随俗。
(二十二) An idle youth,a needy age. 少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。
(二十三) As the tree,so the fruit. 种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆。
(二十四) To live is to learn,to learnistobetterlive.活着为了学习,学习为了更好的活着。
(二十五) Facts speak plainer than words. 事实胜于雄辩。
(二十六) Call back white and white back. 颠倒黑白。
(二十七) First things first. 凡事有轻重缓急。
(二十八) Ill news travels fast. 坏事传千里。
(二十九) A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。
(三十) live not to eat,but eat to live. 活着不是为了吃饭,吃饭为了活着。
(三十一) Action speaks louder than words. 行动胜过语言。
(三十二) East or west,home is the best. 金窝银窝不如自家草窝。
(三十三) Its not the gay coat that makes the gentleman. 君子在德不在衣。
(三十四) Beauty will buy no beef. 漂亮不能当饭吃。
(三十五) Like and like make good friends. 趣味相投。
(三十六) The older, the wiser. 姜是老的辣。
篇20:2024最新六级英语写作经典句子
全文共 1663 字
+ 加入清单1. The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.
最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。
2. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.
没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。
3. According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.
依照最近的一项调查,每年有4,000,000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。
4. People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.
人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。
5. An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.
越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。
6. When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.
说到教育,大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。
7. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a persons physical fitness.
许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。
8. Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful effects of international tourism.
应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量,努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响。
9. An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution.
越来越多的专家相信移民对城市的建设起到积极作用。然而,越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法,他们抱怨民工给城市带来了许多严重的问题,像犯罪和卖淫。
10. Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus, which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers.
许多市民抱怨城市的公交车太少,以至于他们要花很长时间等一辆公交车,而车上可能已满载乘客。