应用文写作英语四级考试计划【优秀20篇】

☆定语和状语（时间、地点等）都属于附加成分，在基本句型中一般都不列出。

☆时态包含于句子中，任何句子都有时态。

1主语＋谓语(不及物动词)：S+V

It will rain tomorrow.

He often runs in the morning.

They cried.

Tom exercises every day.

2主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语：S+V+O

I miss my mother very much.

She wants to go home now.

The English club is going to hold an English party.

They all love her.

3主语＋系动词＋表语：S+V+P

The music sounds wonderful.

The leaves have turned red.

She is a student.

We keep silent about that.

4主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋间接宾语（人）＋直接宾语（物）：S+V+IO+DO

The teacher gave a book to him.=The teacher gave him a book.

They told me an interesting story.

The waitress offered me a bottle of wine.

My father will buy me a bike.=My father will buy a bike for me.

Miss Smith teaches us English.

5主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语＋宾语补足语：                                      S+V+O+C

They call me Xiao Wang.

I saw him swimming in the river.

We elected him monitor of the class.

After you come back from guilin to play, in order to let me have a full, and happy summer vacation, I made a plan.

In the aspect of learning in the first place. Because I read too much time, so in the summer vacation I want to read some books more, ensure to read 1 hours a day, and to "engagement" and the book. Every day recite an ancient even, to write a diary, practice calligraphy for 20 minutes. In order to let my English improved, I will read English for 15 minutes. On the basis of doing these, at the end of the holidays in order to I learn more easily, Im ready to prepare the grade five major courses.

Secondly in other ways. I want to go out to travel more, hope I can in the second classroom and learn some knowledge not learn in school. I also want to go to learn swimming, visiting relatives and friends. In addition to these, I will stick to my special skill learning, such as the erhu enough to practice every day 1 hour, Latin dance for distinction, painting teacher assigned homework, etc.

To do well, of course, the health is the most important, so in order to complete my plan, I want to insist to take exercise every day, or cycling, or swimming, or walking.

Since the plan, must be completed on schedule, if not completed on schedule, is white. So I must seriously to complete his plan, not perfunctory.

从桂林游玩回来后，为了让我过一个即充实，又快乐的暑假，我制定了一个计划。

首先在学习方面。因为平时读书时间太少，所以暑假里我要多读几本课外书，保证每天读书1小时，并及时做好“与书有约”。还要每天背一首古诗，写一篇日记，练20分钟书法。为了让我的英语水平有所提高，我还要读15分钟的英语。在做好这些基础上，假期末为了我的学习更轻松，我还准备预习一下五年级的主课。

其次在其他方面。我要多出去旅游，希望能在第二课堂里开阔眼界，学到一些在学校里面学不到的知识。我还要去学习游泳、拜访亲朋好友。除了这些，我还要坚持我的特长学习，如二胡要每天练够1小时，拉丁舞准备考级、画画做好老师布置的作业等。

当然，要做好这些健康是最重要的，所以为了完成我的计划，我要每天坚持锻炼，或骑自行车、或游泳、或散步。

既然制定了计划，就要按计划完成，如果不按计划完成，就等于白制定。所以我一定要认真完成自己制定的计划，不敷衍了事。

As the winter vacation is drawing near,I have a plan about my vacation.I am going to do what I want to do.I am going to study harder in order to get good grades in the following term.After finishing all my homework.I am going to enjoy myself in the sea of konwledge.Reading must be a good idea.I am going to keep fit at the same time.I will get up early in the morning everyday and play sports.I really love speats.Besides that,Eating a balanced diet is also good for my healthy.

schedule:

I will be in the third grade in the next term.Sin ce the highschool entrance examination is coming soon, there is a great need for me to make a precise plan of my studies.

From September to November,I will follow the teachers in the new lessons learning, and after cla, the contemporary exercises are necessary.

Before the end of the first term, I will review all the lessons from beginning again.

From March to April, review all I have learned a second time.

Beginning from April, models tests should be the all.Several days before the exam, I will go over all the mistakes in the pa-pe-rs and have a good rest for the exam.

Today is March 8th, the new term, the last but the most important term of junior high has been on for more than seven days. It means that there are only about three months left for us to study. We suddenly feel that time passes so fast. We still remember the first day we come to this famous middle school, but now, two and a half years has passed. Have you ever looked back and thought, what you did and learnt in the two and a half years? And how much did you learn from teachers, books or in any other ways?To ask yourselves, have you ever wasted time? If you say “never”, that’s very good. But if you say “Yes, often,” it is so regretful. But everything has passed anyhow, we can’t get it back, so the only thing we cann do is, to make better use of the time.

From now on, study hard. It’s not so late that everything can’t be changed yet. Everything is possible only if you try your best to do it. Believe yourselves, “Every man has his price.” Maybe you are good at study, you are good at singing or you do well in drawing……

So I always believe myself no matter where, no matter when. It’s very important, I think. Let’s try our best and put our heart into it. Wish you make good results in the last exam.

[英语学习计划作文

my  winter  holiday  pian

the winter holiday  ia  corning.  i’m  going  to  beijing  next  week.  i  will  go  there  by  piane.  my  perents  are  going  there  with  me.  we  are  going  to  take  a  trip  and  visit  my  aunt.  i  think  we  will  be  happy. 我的寒假计划

我下周要去北京。我将乘飞机去那里。我的父母和我去那里。我们打算去旅行，去看望我的姨妈。我想我们会幸福的。

一、前言

高尔基曾说：语言是一切事实和思想的外衣。人的衣着，要适合自己的职业、身份、性格、年龄，才能得体;对文章而言，不同的文体也需与不同的语体相匹配，才会得体。应用文是人类在长期的社会实践活动中形成的一种文体，是人们传递信息、处理事务、交流感情的文字工具。尽管世界各国政治体制不同，文化各异，但在科学技术迅猛发展的今天，应用文已成为这种交往的纽带和桥梁，其写作显得越来越重要。认清现代应用文的主要特征，讲究应用文的写作艺术，确是一个有价值的研究课题。

二、现代应用文的写作特点

写作学科发展到今天，已是繁花锦簇，千姿百态，传统写作不断创新，写作边缘学科层出不穷。但万变不离其宗，要写好一篇现代应用文，必须要先了解其主要特点。应用文写作与基础写作相比，主要有以下特点。

(一)主旨单一，明白显露

主旨是指作者的写作动机或称意图。一篇文章不管是叙述事情，或是陈述观点，或是介绍事物，或是抒发感情，都有自己明确的意图。在文学作品中，主旨是指作家对他所描写的社会生活的评价和“客观思想”。应用文表现主旨的禁忌是隐蔽含蓄，模棱两可。这个特点是应用文的性质所决定的，因为应用文是为了解决实际问题而写的，为了解决问题，就要求作者把自己的观点，明确地表达出来，使人一目了然，不产生误解。应用文要求一文一事，即使是较长的应用文，也要求只有一个主旨，我国古代，曾把一文一事，主旨单一，作为一种制度，固定下来。如果一篇应用文有多个主旨就可能使制发机关或撰写者的意图表达不清，达不到写作的目的。因此切忌主旨不清或多主旨。

(二)结构布局，格式固定

结构是指文章内容的组织、安排和布局。它是指文章中整体与局部、部分与部分之间的关系。文学作品为了引人入胜，在叙事、写人、绘景时，往往采用含蓄、隐晦、意会的方法，通过结构形式的变化以引起读者的想象，吸引读者注意。而应用文的结构布局、格式是相对固定的，有固定的写作规范，也有约定俗成的写作习惯。对应用文来说主旨是文章的灵魂，材料是文章的血肉，那么结构就是文章的骨架。人讲究体态美，文章自然也讲究结构美。好的应用文应是“凤头、猪肚、豹尾”，即开头开得漂亮，正文内容充实、材料有份量，结尾结得响亮，结构要求明确清晰，自然和谐。

(三)材料真实，典型集中

应用文写作有很强的实用性。应用文的语言要求平铺直叙，较少使用修饰性词语，笔法较朴实。因为应用文语言是需把握问题实质，直接表现主题，为主题服务，而不像文学作品那样文笔的曲折，主题的含蓄，讲究语言的修饰性、词语的色彩，常用修辞手法，应用文的实用性决定了其语言的简洁朴实。赵大昌在《新编应用文写作》一书中指出“应用文不是以艺术形象感染读者，而是以事实和道理说服读者。它不是以想象、虚构、夸张、抒情等手法反映生活的本质事实，而是以记叙、说明、论述的方法，有针对性地表述思想观点，反映具体的生活实际，揭示社会生活某些方面的规律和实质问题。它不是给人以美的艺术享受，而是用之于解决实际问题。”此段话对于应用文的实用性作了精辟的分析，说明应用文写作的目的在于解决实际问题，推动工作的顺利进行，每一篇应用文都有其具体的制发目的和职能。

(四)语言准确，简明生动

一般文章对语言的要求是准确、鲜明、生动。应用文写作也应该与其他文章一样要准确、鲜明、生动。但是，由于应用文自身的特点，决定了这种文章在运用语言方面也有自己独特的地方，这就是准确性 毕

与模糊性相统一。准确性，就是要求要言简意赅，从材料和文字两个方面着手，力求精确。模糊性，就是指模糊性的语言，指其内涵、外延不确定的语言。应用文写作有委婉的模糊语言的使用是必不可少的。假如这种语言在应用文写作中全部消失，那语言就会显得贫乏和呆板，也就无法真实地、生动地反映纷纭复杂的的客观事物，无法表达人类复杂的思想感情，当然，没有模糊性语言的运用，也就失去了相对的准确性。

(五)迅速及时，时效性强

时效性强，也是应用文写作的一个重要特点。当今世界由工业社会向信息化社会过渡，其步伐是快节奏的。这种快节奏导致应用文写作和交流的频繁。应用文写作是为了解决实际问题的，必须迅速、及时，所以，对应用文写作是有严格的时间要求的，应用文的效用也常常是有时间限制的。当然，由于各类应用文的内容和用途不同，其时效性的表现形式也不尽相同。比如，一份电报，由起草到发出，有时要求只能几分钟;而一项工程的完成也许需要几个月甚至几年，具体工作结束，其效用也就嘎然而止。

三、现代应用文的写作技巧

相同的材料，在不同的作者笔下，所显示的情调、力度、魅力是不尽相同的。为此我们必须善于对材料加工润色，使材料增强表现力，说服力、感召力，使枯燥的素材变成为主旨服务的、富有灵性的材料，这就是现代应用文所要求的写作技巧。

暑假就要到来了，我已经为它制定了一个忙绿的计划表了。

首先，我会找一份兼职，也许在我家附近的工厂工作，这样我就可以陪陪我父母。其次，之前我参加了一个小提琴的培训班，因为我对它很有兴趣。所以，我会在家多多联系。因为正如谚语所说的，熟能生巧。在假期末尾的时候，我会去好好地玩一玩。我比较想和朋友去旅行，也许去云南，也许是其他地方。去那些我从来没去过的地方肯定可以开拓我的视野。

制定一个好的计划并玩得开心。我希望大家都能有一个有意义的假期。

Here comes the summer holiday, I have planned a busy schedule on it.

Firstly, I will find a part time job, probably work in a factory which is near my home, so that I can accompany with my parents. Secondly, I have joined a violin course in the previous time, because I have interest on it. therefore, I will do more practice at home by myself. As an old saying goes, practice makes perfect. At the end of the holiday, it’s time for me to have a good time. I tend to go on a trip with my friends, maybe Yunnan or other wonderful places. Travel to the place I have never been to certainly can broaden my mine.

Make a good plan and enjoy it. I hope we all can have a meaningful holiday.

周循环学习法：是把一周学习量提前做计划，并循环反复的学习方法。制定周一到周六的学习计划，每天完成，万一没有完成的部分在周日补充学习，以便于系统管理学习进度。

周循环学习法如何实践?

1、第一步：周日晚上制定周学习计划。

根据自己总的学习进度，制定一周的目标。根据目标计算周一到周六的学习量，制定可行的、但又必须完成的学习计划。

2、第二步：周一至周六按计划学习。

根据计划学习量做好每日时间管理，每日结束前确认一下计划完成度，记录学习日志;

3、第三步：周日彻底完成学习计划。

把本周的学习完成情况总结一下。没有完成的部分在周日彻底解决。一周计划都完成了，就好好放松一下，然后做下周计划。

一个相对完善的时间表，既要涵盖每月的整体安排，又要包括每月以及每天、每时的细节规划。

复习计划要留有余地，不要“满打满算”。比如，晚上7点到8点复习数学，8点开始复习英语，这样安排就太紧了，当中应该有一个缓冲:7点到8点是数学时间，8点15分以后留给英语。这样，数学复习完后喝口水，稍作休息，不要“连轴转”。

而且，留有余地也可以确保上一段计划的完成。还是以7点到8点复习数学为例，万一时间到了，却还差一道题没做完怎么办?留有15分钟的余地，孩子就可以具体问题具体解决，而不致产生浮躁的情绪。

在执行计划时学会放弃。有的学生死心眼儿，比如复习数学时遇到两道难题，卡了一个小时也没有思路，却非要做出来不可，一晚上的时间都搭上去了。结果，这两道题没有眉目，其他的科目也耽误了。孩子的情绪也难免受到影响。对于这样的孩子，家长就需要告诉他，把这两道题放一放，先完成其他科目的计划，最后如果还有剩余时间，再回过头来处理先前的“遗留问题”，如果没有时间就放在明天或后天再做。

第四，复习计划要兼顾全面。有的考生对喜欢的科目就先复习，不喜欢的科目放在后头;有的考生把自己的强项放在前面复习，弱项的复习受到影响，导致强项越来越强，弱项始终没得到实质性的提高。其实，每个考生都有自己的强项和弱项，正确的做法是优势要强化，劣势也要弥补。

高考英语任务型写作训练练习（一）

读写任务（满分25分）

请阅读以下的短文，然后根据提供的任务说明和写作要求， 写一篇150字左右的英语短文。

（任务说明）

1.概括短文的内容要点（该部分的字数大约60-80）；

2.清楚地陈述你自己的看法；

3.提供具有一定说服力的论据或实例来支持你的观点，可以参照文中的内容，但不能抄袭文中的句子；

4.文章体裁不限，但必须结构合理，内容连贯，有条理性。

（阅读材料）

Almost everyone knows that water covers three-fourths of the earths surface. Most of it， however， is in the oceans and is too salty to drink. Also， some of it is frozen and cannot be used. In fact， less than one percent is left for the use of people， animals and plant life. All through history men have tried to build their homes near the sources of fresh water. Now fresh water is becoming scarce， but more and more is needed because of the increasing number of people in the world. Some industries also use large amounts of fresh water in the production of things such as steel， petroleum， paper and rubber and so on. Scientists estimate that the need for fresh water will have doubled by the year 2003. If they are correct， we must find new ways of saving it or producing it. Some nations have worked on the problem and are already sharing their information with others. They are trying to keep their rivers from becoming polluted. Deep wells are also being dug， and rain water is being collected in huge artificial lakes. In one way or another， they hope to provide enough water to satisfy the needs of their people.

参考范文

With the worldwide increase of population， more and more water is needed. Meanwhile，the water sources are getting polluted by human beings in one way or another. Some nations are taking measures to solve this problem. They even communicate with each other hoping to find better ways to save and produce water to meet the needs of their people.

随着世界范围内的人口增长,越来越需要更多的水。与此同时,水源被污染,人类以一种方式或另一种方式。一些国家正在采取措施来解决这个问题。他们甚至相互沟通希望能找到更好的方法来保存并生成水来满足人民的需要。

On a personal level， to solve the problem with fresh water， both the government and inpiduals should make every effort. For example， for the government， it is urgent to make detailed laws that require businesses and inpiduals to stop polluting the environment and to save water while it is not necessarily used. Besides， education should be offered to all the citizens to raise their awareness of the importance of protecting environment and saving water. As inpiduals， we need to take action to play our own part in our everyday life.

在个人层面上,用淡水来解决这个问题,政府和个人都应该尽一切努力。例如,对于政府来说,迫在眉睫的是做出详细的法律,要求企业和个人停止污染环境,节约用水,而不一定是使用它。除此之外,教育应该提供给所有的公民提高他们的意识保护环境和节约用水的重要性。作为个人,我们需要采取行动来扮演自己的角色在我们的日常生活。

规范英语论文的格式,使之与国际学术惯例接轨,对从事英语教学,英语论文写作,促进国际学术交流都具有重要意义。下面是小编为你带来的关于英语论文的写作格式和规范，希望对你有帮助。

一、英语论文的标题

一篇较长的英语论文(如英语毕业论文)一般都需要标题页,其书写格式如下:第一行标题与打印纸顶端的距离约为打印纸全长的三分之一,与下行(通常为by,居中)的距离则为5cm,第三、第四行分别为作者姓名及日期(均居中)。如果该篇英语论文是学生针对某门课程而写,则在作者姓名与日期之间还需分别打上教师学衔及其姓名(如:Dr./Prof.C.Prager)及本门课程的编号或名称(如:English 734或British Novel)。打印时,如无特殊要求,每一行均需double space,即隔行打印,行距约为0.6cm(论文其他部分行距同此)。

就学生而言,如果英语论文篇幅较短,亦可不做标题页(及提纲页),而将标题页的内容打在正文第一页的左上方。第一行为作者姓名,与打印纸顶端距离约为2.5cm,以下各行依次为教师学衔和姓、课程编号(或名称)及日期;各行左边上下对齐,并留出2.5cm左右的页边空白(下同)。接下来便是论文标题及正文(日期与标题之间及标题与正文第一行之间只需隔行打印,不必留出更多空白)。

二、英语论文提纲

英语论文提纲页包括论题句及提纲本身,其规范格式如下:先在第一行(与打印纸顶端的距离仍为2.5cm左右)的始端打上 Thesis 一词及冒号,空一格后再打论题句,回行时左边须与论题句的第一个字母上下对齐。主要纲目以大写罗马数字标出,次要纲目则依次用大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字和小写英文字母标出。各数字或字母后均为一句点,空出一格后再打该项内容的第一个字母;处于同一等级的纲目,其上下行左边必须对齐。需要注意的是,同等重要的纲目必须是两个以上,即:有Ⅰ应有Ⅱ,有A应有B,以此类推。如果英文论文提纲较长,需两页纸,则第二页须在右上角用小写罗马数字标出页码,即ii(第一页无需标页码)。

三、英语论文正文

有标题页和提纲页的英语论文,其正文第一页的规范格式为:论文标题居中,其位置距打印纸顶端约5cm,距正文第一行约1.5cm。段首字母须缩进五格,即从第六格打起。正文第一页不必标页码(但应计算其页数),自第二页起,必须在每页的右上角(即空出第一行,在其后部)打上论文作者的姓,空一格后再用阿拉伯数字标出页码;阿拉伯数字(或其最后一位)应为该行的最后一个空格。在打印正文时尚需注意标点符号的打印格式,即:句末号(句号、问号及感叹号)后应空两格,其他标点符号后则空一格。

四、英语论文的文中引述

正确引用作品原文或专家、学者的论述是写好英语论文的重要环节;既要注意引述与论文的有机统一,即其逻辑性,又要注意引述格式 (即英语论文参考文献)的规范性。引述别人的观点,可以直接引用,也可以间接引用。无论采用何种方式,论文作者必须注明所引文字的作者和出处。目前美国学术界通行的做法是在引文后以圆括弧形式注明引文作者及出处。现针对文中引述的不同情况,将部分规范格式分述如下。

1.若引文不足三行,则可将引文有机地融合在论文中。如:

The divorce of Arnolds personal desire from his inheritance results in “the familiar picture of Victorian man alone in an alien universe”(Roper9).

这里,圆括弧中的Roper为引文作者的姓(不必注出全名);阿拉伯数字为引文出处的页码(不要写成p.9);作者姓与页码之间需空一格,但不需任何标点符号;句号应置于第二个圆括弧后。

2.被引述的文字如果超过三行,则应将引文与论文文字分开,如下例所示:

Whitman has proved himself an eminent democratic representative and precursor, and his “Democratic Vistas”

is an admirable and characteristic

diatribe. And if one is sorry that in it

Whitman is unable to conceive the

extreme crises of society, one is certain

that no society would be tolerable whoses

citizens could not find refreshment in its

buoyant democratic idealism.(Chase 165)

这里的格式有两点要加以注意。一是引文各行距英语论文的左边第一个字母十个空格,即应从第十一格打起;二是引文不需加引号,末尾的句号应标在最后一个词后。

3.如需在引文中插注,对某些词语加以解释,则要使用方括号(不可用圆括弧)。如:

Dr.Beaman points out that“he [Charles Darw in] has been an important factor in the debate between evolutionary theory and biblical creationism”(9).

值得注意的是,本例中引文作者的姓已出现在引导句中,故圆括弧中只需注明引文出处的页码即可。

4.如果拟引用的文字中有与论文无关的词语需要删除,则需用省略号。如果省略号出现在引文中则用三个点,如出现在引文末,则用四个点,最后一点表示句号,置于第二个圆括弧后(一般说来,应避免在引文开头使用省略号);点与字母之间,或点与点之间都需空一格。如:

Mary Shelley hated tyranny and“looked upon the poor as pathetic victims of the social system and upon the rich and highborn...with undisguised scorn and contempt...(Nitchie 43).

5.若引文出自一部多卷书,除注明作者姓和页码外,还需注明卷号。如:

Professor Chen Jias A History of English Literature aimed to give Chinese readers“a historical survey of English literature from its earliest beginnings down to the 20thcentury”(Chen,1:i).

圆括弧里的1为卷号,小写罗马数字i为页码,说明引文出自第1卷序言(引言、序言、导言等多使用小写的罗马数字标明页码)。此外,书名A History of English Literature 下划了线;规范的格式是:书名,包括以成书形式出版的作品名(如《失乐园》)均需划线,或用斜体字;其他作品,如诗歌、散文、短篇小说等的标题则以双引号标出,如“To Autumn”及前面出现的“Democratic Vistas”等。

6.如果英语论文中引用了同一作者的两篇或两篇以上的作品,除注明引文作者及页码外,还要注明作品名。如:

Bacon condemned Platoas“an obstacle to science”(Farrington, Philosophy 35).

Farrington points out that Aristotles father Nicomachus, a physician, probably trained his son in medicine(Aristotle15).

这两个例子分别引用了Farrington的两部著作,故在各自的圆括弧中分别注出所引用的书名,以免混淆。两部作品名均为缩写形式(如书名太长,在圆括弧中加以注明时均需使用缩写形式),其全名分别为Founder of Scientific Philosophy 及 The Philosophy of Francis Baconand Aristotle。

7.评析诗歌常需引用原诗句,其引用格式如下例所示。

When Beowulf dives upwards through the water and reaches the surface,“The surging waves, great tracts of water, / were all cleansed...”(1.1620-21).

这里,被引用的诗句以斜线号隔开,斜线号与前后字母及标点符号间均需空一格;圆括弧中小写的1是line的缩写;21不必写成1621。如果引用的诗句超过三行,仍需将引用的诗句与论文文字分开(参见第四项第2点内容)。

五、英语论文的文献目录

论文作者在正文之后必须提供论文中全部引文的详细出版情况,即文献目录页。美国高校一般称此页为 Works Cited, 其格式须注意下列几点:

1.目录页应与正文分开,另页打印,置于正文之后。

2.目录页应视为英语论文的一页,按论文页码的顺序在其右上角标明论文作者的姓和页码;如果条目较多,不止一页,则第一页不必标出作者姓和页码(但必须计算页数),其余各页仍按顺序标明作者姓和页码。标题Works Cited与打印纸顶端的距离约为2.5cm,与第一条目中第一行的距离仍为0.6cm;各条目之间及各行之间的距离亦为0.6cm,不必留出更多空白。

3.各条目内容顺序分别为作者姓、名、作品名、出版社名称、出版地、出版年份及起止页码等;各条目应严格按各作者姓的首字母顺序排列,但不要给各条目编码,也不必将书条与杂志、期刊等条目分列。

4.各条目第一行需顶格打印,回行时均需缩进五格,以将该条目与其他条目区分开来。

现将部分较为特殊的条目分列如下,并略加说明,供读者参考。

Two or More Books by the Same Author

Brooks, Cleanth. Fundamentals of Good Writing: A

Handbook of Modern Rhetoric. NewYork: Harcourt, 1950.

---The Hidden God: Studies in Hemingway, Faulkner, Yeats,

Eliot, and Warren. New Haven: Yale UP,1963.

引用同一作者的多部著作,只需在第一条目中注明该作者姓名,余下各条目则以三条连字符及一句点代替该作者姓名;各条目须按书名的第一个词(冠词除外)的字母顺序排列。

An Author with an Editor

Shake speare, William. The Tragedy of Macbeth. Ed. Louis B.

Wright. New York: Washington Square, 1959.

本条目将作者 Shakespeare 的姓名排在前面,而将编者姓名(不颠倒)放在后面,表明引文出自 The Tragedy of Macbeth;如果引文出自编者写的序言、导言等,则需将编者姓名置前,如:

Blackmur, Richard P.Introduction. The Art of the Novel:

Critical Prefaces. By Henry James. New York: Scribners,

1962.vii-xxxix.

如果引言与著作为同一人所写,则其格式如下例所示(By后只需注明作者姓即可):

Emery, Donald. Preface. English Fundamentals. By Emery.

London: Macmillan, 1972.v-vi.

A Multivolume Work

Browne, Thomas. The Works of Sir Thomas Browne. Ed.

Geoffrey Keynes. 4 vols. London: Faber, 1928.

Browne, Thomas. The Works of Sir Thomas Browne. Ed.

Geoffrey Keynes. Vol.2. London: Faber, 1928. 4 vols.

第一条目表明该著作共4卷,而论文作者使用了各卷内容;第二条目则表明论文作者只使用了第2卷中的内容。

A Selection from an Anthology

Abram, M. H.“English Romanticism: The Spirit of the Age.”

Romanticism Reconsidered. Ed. Northrop Frye. New

York: Columbia UP,1963.63-88.

被引用的英语论文名须用引号标出,并注意将英语论文名后的句点置于引号内。条目末尾必须注明该文在选集中的起止页码。

Articles in Journals, Magazines, and Newspapers

Otto, Mary L.“Child Abuse: Group Treatment for Parents.”

Personnel and Guidance Journal 62(1984): 336-48.

报刊杂志名需划线,但其后不需任何标点符号。62为卷号或期号,如既有卷号,又有期号,则要将二者以句号分开。如:(3.3);1984为出版年份,应置于圆括弧中。

Arnold, Marilgn.“Willa Cathers Nostalgia: A Study in

Ambivalance.”Research Studies Mar.1981:23-24,28.

月刊或双月刊须同时注明出版年月;23-24,28表示该文的前一部分刊于第23和24两页,后一部分则转至第28页。

Gorney, Cynthia.“When the Gorilla Speaks.”Washington Post

31 July,1985:B1.

引用日报上的英语论文必须同时注明报纸出版的年、月、日。B1为该文在报纸中的版面及页码。参考文献(略)(摘自《外语与外语教学》1999年第8期，原文：“英语论文写作规范”作者 刘新民)

常用的励志英语句子有很多，但是你能在短时间内就想起来吗?下面是语文迷为大家整理的英语励志句子，希望对你写英语作文有帮助。

Children in backseats cause accidents. Accidents in backseats cause children. 后排座位上的小孩会生出意外，后排座位上的意外会生出小孩。

Don’t take guilt trips. Take a trip to the mall, to the next country, to a foreign country, but NOT to where the guilt is.别踏上犯罪的道路。你可以去逛街，可以到邻县去，可以出国旅行，但就是别踏上犯罪的道路。

Enjoy the simple things.享受简单事物的乐趣。

I will greet this day with love in my heart.我要用全身心的爱来迎接今天。

Keep learning. Learn more about the computer, crafts, gardening, whatever. Never let the brain idle. "An idle mind is the devil’s workshop. And the devil’s name is Alzheimer’s."学无止境。多学学电脑、手艺、园艺等等。不要让你的大脑闲置下来。无所事事是魔鬼的加工厂。魔鬼的名字叫“痴呆症”。

Keep only cheerful friends. The grouches pull you down.结交快乐的朋友。整日愁眉不展只能让你雪上加霜。

There will be no regret and sorrow if you fight with all your strength.

只要全力地拼搏，就不会有遗憾，没有后悔。

Time is a bird for ever on the wing.

时间是一只永远在飞翔的鸟。

Time will never change and stop for any person.

时间不给任何人情面，也不会为谁而停留。

Today, give a stranger one of your smiles. It might be the only sunshine he sees all day.

今天，给一个陌生人送上你的微笑吧。很可能，这是他一天中见到的唯一的阳光。

Victory wont come to me unless I go to it.

胜利是不会向我们走来的，我必须自己走向胜利。

Walk the road you want to walk and do what you want to do , keep moving ahead and that’s not the silence of failure.

走自己想走的路，干自己想干的事，勇敢向前，这就是你不败的沉默。

We all have moments of desperation. But if we can face them head on, that’s when we find out just how strong we really are.

我们都有绝望的时候，只有在勇敢面对时，我们才知道我们有多坚强。

We must accept finite disappointment, but we must never lose infinite hope.

我们必须接受失望，因为它是有限的，但千万不可失去希望，因为它是无穷的。

The future is scary but you can’t just run to the past cause it’s familiar.

未来会让人心生畏惧，但是我们却不能因为习惯了过去，就逃回过去。

The first step is as good as half over.

第一步是最关键的一步。

The failures and reverses which await men - and one after another sadden the brow of youth - add a dignity to the prospect of human life, which no Arcadian success would do.

尽管失败和挫折等待着人们，一次次地夺走青春的容颜，但却给人生的前景增添了一份尊严，这是任何顺利的成功都不能做到的。

Success is the continuous journey towards the achievement of predetermined worth while goals .To live your life in your own way .To reach the goals , you’ve set for yourself . To be the person, you want to be ——that is success .

成功是不断向领先确定的有价值的目标前进的过程，用自己的方式生活，达到自己定下的目标，做出自己想做的人——这就是成功。

Success is the ability to go from one failure to another with no loss of enthusiasm.

成功是，你即使跨过一个又一个失敗，但也沒有失去热情。

Ones real value first lies in to what degree and what sense he set himself.

一个人的真正价值首先决定于他在什么程度上和在什么意义上从自我解放出来。

People neeed some courage in life, just like climbing a cliff .Although there are stemp ahead, you still fell some timorous and dare not go ahead. But when you conquer the timidity and reach the peak, you will feel the importance of courage as you enjoy the beautiful scenes. It is the same with life.

人生需要一点勇气和胆量，就如登一座悬崖峭壁的山峰，虽然上面都有云梯、搭好的台阶，可你就是有点胆怯，不敢向前，但你战胜了自我，到达了顶峰，看到了山顶的景色，你就会感到勇气和胆量是成功的标准人生何尝不是如此呢?

Real dream is the other shore of reality.

真正的梦就是现实的彼岸。

Sharp tools make good work.

工欲善其事，必先利其器。

Sometimes your plans don’t work out because God has better ones.

有时候，你的计划不奏效，是因为上天有更好的安排。

Standing firm is to challenge difficult courageously and to leave the smile after sccess to oneself.

坚强，就是勇敢的向困难挑战，把成功的微笑留给自己。

Never underestimate your power to change yourself!

永远不要低估你改变自我的能力!

Never, never, never, never give up.

永远不要、不要、不要、不要放弃。

记叙文是记人叙事的文章，它主要是用于说明事件的时间、背景、起因、过程及结果，即我们通常所说的五个" W "( what, who, when, where, why )和一个" H "( how )。记叙文的重点在于"述说"和"描写"，因此一篇好的记叙文要叙述条理清楚，描写生动形象。下面就谈谈英语记叙文的特点和写好记叙文的基本要领。

一、记叙文的特点

1. 叙述的人称

英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过"我"来传达给读者，使人读后感到真实可信，如身临其境。如：

The other day, I was driving along the street. Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast. I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side. But it was too late. The car hit my bike and I fell off it.

用第三人称叙述，优点在于叙述者不受"我"活动范围以内的人和事物的限制，而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者，直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前，文章的客观性很强。如：

Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard. On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover. Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short. What could he do? Then he had a good idea.

2. 动词的时态

在记叙文中，记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高，且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的，这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化，正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。

3. 叙述的顺序

记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙，都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作，较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙，读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果，让所叙之事跌宕起伏，使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃，从而为文章所吸引，深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当，则容易弄巧成拙，使文章结构散乱，头绪不清，让读者不知所云。

4. 叙述的过渡

过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如：

In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things. Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao. It is really a beautiful city. There are many places of interest to see. But what impressed me most was the sunrise.

The next morning I got up early. I was very happy because it was a fine day. By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red. In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing. The sun was very red, not shining. It rose slowly. At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball. At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright.

What a moving and unforgettable scene!

5. 叙述与对话

引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述，可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态，使记叙生动、有趣，使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果：

I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something. Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front. I thought maybe someone was knocking the door. I asked who it was but I heard no reply. After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor. I realized it was the cat. I felt released.

这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字，但经作者这么一写，就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式，没有人物语言，把"悬念"给冲淡了。可作如下调整：

I was in the kitchen cooking something. "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front. Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply. After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor. "Its you." I said, quite released.

二、写好记叙文的基本要领

1. 头绪分明，脉络清楚

写好记叙文，首先要头绪分明，脉络清楚，明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析，弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程，然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个" W "和一个" H "有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些" W "和" H "，但动笔之前，围绕五个" W "和" H "进行构思是必不可少的。

2. 突出中心，详略得当

在文章的框架确定后，对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍，应该从表现文章主题的需要出发，分清主次，定好详略。要突出重点，详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节，略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化，使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题，也需要一定的技巧。如：

One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children. They have not eaten for days." I took some food with me and went.

When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger. There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger.

I gave the rice to the mother. She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice. When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors - they are hungry also!"

3. 用活语言，准确生动

记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动，又要表现力强，这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动，其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。

原文：

One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away. He was soon lost among people and traffic. He could not find the way back home and started crying. Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying. They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened. Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived. The two students decided to take him home. Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound. She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didnt take it. She served them with tea but they left.

修改后：

The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street. After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home. But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic. When he could not find the way home, he started and crying. Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop. They immediately went up to him.

"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked.

"I want Mom, I go home." said the boy, still crying.

"Dont worry, well send you home."

And they spent the next two hours looking for the boys house. With the help of a policeman, they finally found it.

When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house. Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea.

The winter vacation is coming，I have made a plan for my vacation.I want to spend time with my family，so I will return to my hometown .I am for back to my hometown for preparation. I miss my grandparents very much ， so I will visit my grand parents at first.I will chat with my uncle and aunt ，play with my cousin .It will be very intereting .I hope I will have a great time there.

一、写作要领

考生无论遇到哪一类试题，都要仔细审题，根据题目的要求确定文章的类型和中心内容，并对你自己熟悉的、可写的内容进行筛选、整理、规划、列出提纲，这是很重要的一步。提纲列好后，要围绕提纲内容展开说明自己的观点和结论，不要在写作时抛开提纲。一篇好的作文应该具备以下5个方面：

(1)内容切题，主题鲜明。

(2)表达清楚准确，条理清晰。

(3)结构完整，衔接流畅自然。

(4)句法正确多样。

(5)用词恰当丰富。

二、方法与步骤

1．提纲

提纲是写作一篇文章的详细计划、安排。提纲准备的目的是：

(1)计划要写什么。

(2)文章的思想的表达顺序。

(3)如何安排段落。

(4)使写作从头到尾围绕主题进行。内容一般用短语和词。主题、副题表达先后顺序，要用数字标明。提纲内容的安排是写作一篇好文章的关键。

2．依据提纲写作

(1)初稿

在完成提纲安排后，动笔写作的第一步是打初稿，在写初稿时要争取做到心中有数，胸有成竹，经过反复练习后，能够按照提纲安排落笔成文，一气呵成。如果突发奇想，也可修改提纲，顺理成章，但切忌偏离正题。在初稿写作时要有意识加大行距，为文章的修改留有余地。

(2)定稿及修改方法

在完成初稿后，修改是必不可少的过程。修改文章要注意以下几点：

①内容是否切题，论点是否鲜明，论证是否合理、严密。

②段落衔接时过渡使用是否合理，语句是否通顺、有没有语法错误，用词是否恰当。

③拼写是否正确，标点符号、大小写是否有错误，有无其他笔误。

A tense semester of study is finally coming to an end, and in a few days we will have our favorite winter vacation. In order to make my winter vacation wonderful, I specially made a winter vacation plan.

As soon as I have a holiday, I will first have a good sleep and add up the energy I spent during the big review. Then, before the Spring Festival, I will go to Beijing with my parents to visit the Forbidden City. Experience the architectural style of Ming and qing dynasties; Visit the Palace Museum full of treasures. When the Spring Festival came, I was going to visit the temple fair we were holding, and we could talk and talk while we were there. The best time for the Spring Festival is snow, and I and my friends can make a snowman and snowball fights.

Of course, as a student, you cant forget to study! I am still more organized about the study arrangement.

Im going to finish all my winter homework in the first few days of my winter vacation, except for the diary, because "diary diary, one day a day". By the way, I have to spare an hour every day to read the four masterpieces from the library, the sports and the waves, and the biography of the famous. By writing in the evening, I can remember the feeling of the post and the most meaningful things of the day.

The most important thing is for my cousin to give me a refresher. My cousin is a junior high school student who is one of the top students in the class. Not like me, the Chinese foundation is poor, every time the big test is not 95 points. During this holiday, I must try to follow my cousin to learn Chinese and try to make the achievements in Chinese. Also, I have to follow my cousin in English. Because learning English is late in the country, it is not good for students. I must learn the English knowledge and the English knowledge that I have not learned in this holiday. When I get to school, I must make my classmates look up to me.

In addition to learning these things, I have to report a painting class. Because besides study, my favorite is drawing, but my painting level is not good, so I want to take a painting class, raise my level, edify my sentiment.

At the end of the day, I decided to borrow a full set of books from older brothers and sisters in the sixth grade, preview the new knowledge, and prevent the teacher from following the teachers footsteps.

My winter vacation plan is not perfect! I am sure that with this plan, my winter vacation will be wonderful.

1.有很多同学早晨上学不吃早餐，这是一个不好的习惯，对身体有很大的危害。请根据提示写一篇短文，指出不吃早餐的危害。70个词左右。?

提示：1.不吃早餐对身体有害;2.不吃早餐会影响上午听课。

Every morning we

have to go to school very early, so many of us don’t have breakfast. It’s very

bad for our health. In the morning we usually have four classes. It’s a long

time before lunch. If we don’t eat anything for breakfast, we may feel hungry

and we can’t listen to the teacher carefully. We need energy very much while we

are growing. I really think that we should have a good breakfast.

2

. How to keep healthy

If we want to keep our

bodies healthy, we must have a good habit. We should get up and go to bed early

and sleep at least eight hours every day. Do more exercise, such as walking,

swimming, playing balls and so on. We should also eat healthy food——more fruit

and vegetables and less meat. If you don’t feel well, you’d better see a doctor

at once. And we should wash our hands before meals and drink enough boiled

water every day. It’s necessary for our health.

We should not throw

litter about, keep long fingernails and smoke etc. It’s also very important.

3.假如你的爸爸是个医生，曾参加了2003年的非典防治工作，虽然非典已经过去了，但是他对一家人的健康仍然很重视。请你写一篇60词左右的短文，讲一下只要预防得当，疾病并不可怕。

参考词汇：personal health个人健康 spit吐痰

overwork使……过于疲劳 food and drink饮食

Keeping healthy

3.My father is a doctor. In 2003,

he took an active part in the battle against SARS.

He said,“We don’t have

to be afraid of catching the illness. If we have good habits, we can keep the

illness away.”

My father and I like

running in the morning. We keep the windows open so that the air in the room is

clean and fresh. We wash our hands before meals. We have healthy food and

drink. We don’t spit here and there. He told us not to overwork because too

much work will make us tired and make it easy to get sick.

When I returned from guilin, I made a plan to make me a full, happy summer vacation.

First, in terms of learning. Because there is so little time for reading, I will read a few extra books during the summer vacation, and make sure to read an hour a day and do "a book". Write an old poem every day, write a journal, and practice calligraphy for 20 minutes. In order to improve my English, I still have to read English for 15 minutes. On top of that, the end of the vacation is easier for me, and Im going to prepare for the fifth grade class.

Second, in other respects. I want to travel more, hoping to broaden my horizon in the second class, and learn something I cant learn in school. I also have to study swimming and visit friends and relatives. In addition to these, I will also insist on my special study, such as erhu will practice for an hour every day, the Latin dance prepares the test grade, the homework that the teacher assigns the teacher to do.

To do well, of course, the health is the most important, so in order to complete my plan, I want to insist to take exercise every day, or cycling, or swimming, or walking.

Now that you have a plan, youre going to do it as planned, and if it doesnt work out, its going to be white. So I must be careful to finish my plan and not go through the motions.

从桂林游玩回来后，为了让我过一个即充实，又快乐的暑假，我制定了一个计划。

首先在学习方面。因为平时读书时间太少，所以暑假里我要多读几本课外书，保证每天读书1小时，并及时做好“与书有约”。还要每天背一首古诗，写一篇日记，练20分钟书法。为了让我的英语水平有所提高，我还要读15分钟的英语。在做好这些基础上，假期末为了我的学习更轻松，我还准备预习一下五年级的主课。

其次在其他方面。我要多出去旅游，希望能在第二课堂里开阔眼界，学到一些在学校里面学不到的知识。我还要去学习游泳、拜访亲朋好友。除了这些，我还要坚持我的特长学习，如二胡要每天练够1小时，拉丁舞准备考级、画画做好老师布置的作业等。

当然，要做好这些健康是最重要的，所以为了完成我的计划，我要每天坚持锻炼，或骑自行车、或游泳、或散步。

既然制定了计划，就要按计划完成，如果不按计划完成，就等于白制定。所以我一定要认真完成自己制定的计划，不敷衍了事。

[暑假计划英语作文带翻译

1、True mastery of any skill takes a lifetime.

对任何技能的掌握都需要一生的刻苦操练。

2、Sweat is the lubricant of success.

汗水是成功的润滑剂。

3、If you are doing your best,you will not have to worry about failure.

如果你竭尽全力，你就不用担心失败。

4、Energy and persistence conquer all things.

能量和坚持可以征服一切事情。

5、Bravery never goes out of fashion.

勇敢永远不过时!

6、Those who turn back never reach the summit.

回头的人永远到不了最高峰!

7、Proper preparation solves 80 percent of lifes problems.

适当的准备能解决生活中80%的问题。

8、Winners do what losers dont want to do.

胜利者做失败者不愿意做的事!

9、Every noble work is at first impossible.

每一个伟大的工程最初看起来都是不可能做到的!

10、We improve ourselves by victories over ourselves. There must be contests, and we must win.

我们通过战胜自己来改进自我。 那里一定有竞赛，我们一定要赢!

11、Speech is the image of actions.

语言是行动的反映。

12、It is always morning somewhere in the world.

世界上总是有某个地方可以看到阳光。

13、If you do not learn to think when you are young, you may never learn. ( Edison )

如果你年轻时不学会思考，那就永远不会。(爱迪生)

14、Anger begins with folly, and ends in repentance.

愤怒以愚蠢开始，以后悔告终。

15、Talents come from diligence, and knowledge is gained by accumulation.

天才在于勤奋，知识在于积累。

16、The greater the man, the more restrained his anger.

人越伟大，越能克制怒火。

17、If there were less sympathy in the world, there would be less trouble in the world. ( O. Wilde )

如果世界上少一些同情，世界上也就会少一些麻烦。(王尔德)

18、All lay load on the willing horse.

人善被人欺，马善被人骑。

19、Strike the iron while it is hot.

趁热打铁。

20、When shepherds quarrel, the wolf has a winning game.

鹬蚌相争，渔翁得利。

英语作文：寒假计划

Thewintervacationisnotsofarfromus.therearelotsofthingIhavedonewhilethisvacation.Foronething,Ihavemylessonsreviewed,inordertoimprovethequlityofstudy.Fortheotherthing,IwishIwouldbebetterafterhardworkingwithmycourse.atfirst,Imustcorrectallmyfinalexaminationpaper.Secondly，IinsistonreadingEnglishbooksandnewspaperseveryday.Ialsokeeponoralpratice.

Inmysparetime,Iwilltakeanactivepartinactivitise.Icangainthefirsthandimformationsthroughtheactivitisewhichcanhelpmetoextendmyknowlege.

Imsurethisvacationwillbethebestoneforme.Letmetry!

一、描述图画

图画作文对图画的描述应在第一段进行，且最好在首句即开始。此类作文大部分是一幅图，也会有两幅图出现的情况。如果出现两幅图，则很有可能是突显对比的情况。

图画上可能没有任何文字，也可能在上面出现了一句话，也可以单个人物说话或两个人物对话，也可能在图画外写了总结性的一句话。大家注意，这一句话或两句话一般是非常重要的，应予译出。

一般说来，对图画的描写不必过长，应以简练、准确为标准。

二、图画类作文结构分析

我们想象中的最典型最理想的图画题提纲应该是下面这样：

1. 描述图画

2. 推导绘画者的意图

3. 做出评论

对于这一提纲我们来做具体分析，其中第三点更要细致研究。首先由图画引出一种社会现象或社会问题，可以是好的，也可以是不好的。在推导绘画者的意图时多是展开说此现象或问题的表现，以证明其引人注目。还有一种可能性是说此现象或问题产生的原因，提纲可直接列出，或还用上述提纲。这时可把简单意图推导直接放到第一段描述图画之后，而在第二段中说原因。

第三段做出评论，有可能只是简单评论、深化主题就结束，但这种可能性越来越小了。这一部分很可能说的是办法，不好的事情就是如何解决的办法，好的事情就是如何进一步发展的方法。

通过上述列表，我们可以看出，多年以来，真实的提纲是怎样一步步地向我们想象中的理想模式靠近的。对于提纲里面出现的变化和规律，我们来分析一下。

我们仔细分析，会发现历年考研真题基本上都呈现"现象或问题——原因解释——解决办法"这样的模式，但变化非常多。因为我们谈论的既可以是一件值得弘扬的好事，也可能是一个令人忧心忡忡的社会问题;针对后者我们极有可能需要提出做法;而对于前者，可能解释一下就结束了，也可能要写出相应的做法。

综上所述，可以看出，比起图表作文来，图画作文要更灵活，更富于变化。我们一定要多练习，以达到一看到图画(含图中和图边文字)和提纲(有时有文章标题)就能有效地审题解题，构造出合理的具体段落的目的。

在学习英语写作之前先来看下练习写作对你的英文有什么样的帮助：

好处1、辅助提升口语语言组织力

好处2、提升语法

好处3、帮助背单词和句型。

了解到联系英语写作带来的好处后让我们来看看学习英语写作有哪些方法：

零基础英语写作入门方法一：背单词

单词是英语写作的基本构成之一，拥有大量的词汇才能写出你想要的文章，背单词有很多方法用mp3在零碎的时间边听边背边写，还有单词前后缀记忆法等众多方法，只要掌握其中一种适合你的方法，就开始大量的充实你的词汇吧。

零基础英语写作入门方法二：语法

语法是将单词串联在一起变成文章的那根线，学习好语法是整个英语阅读的重中之重。推荐熟读语法俱乐部，同时搭配大量的阅读自己感兴趣的文章，在大量的语境中去领受感悟本书的妙处。

零基础英语写作入门方法三：长时间的练习

写日记，这是最简单最长久的写作练习你不需要有任何的准备，这是你会接触到最基础的写作练习，你可以写任何你感兴趣的事情，你要做的就是拿起笔和本子把自已生活上的点点滴滴用英文记录下来。下面就是我的第一篇英文日记！

"today i rest,i stayed at home.sister call me go to the mother.i want not go there,because i must go to the company .去领 clothes.刚刚上完课come back.at home i find my 皮 shoes.now 要穿皮shoes了,write 日记好搞笑，还可以写点english了,i believe 以后 i sure i会更好。”

大家可能会看不懂这篇文章。你可能会觉得很好，说老实话当我现回过头去看我以前的日记我看了也觉得很好笑。但这就是我的第一篇英文日记，我的英文写作就是从这里开始的。你会发现写得非常直白，简直就是中文翻译毫无语法可言。但没有关系每个人开始都是这样的。

在写日记的开始阶段，你可能会像我这样不知道怎么去写或跟本无法组织语言，你可以像我这样按自已大脑里中文的想法去写，把会的单词都写上去不会的就用中文代替。在这个阶段你更多的是在使用你所学的词汇，有时候你会觉得这样很好玩。每天坚持写一篇，慢慢的你会发现你用的中文越来越少了有时候整篇文章都可以用英文写出来，随着你英语学习的进度不断推进，你在写句子的时候你不会直译了，你开始吧语法考虑到你的语言组织里面去。

当你要表边一个句子又找不到这个单词的时候，这种映像会深深的印在你的脑海里，当你在收集单词时候你就会注意收集那些非常实用的单词了。你会背更多的单词因为你想终有一天我的整篇文章是用英文写的。对于初期的写作，我认为就是这样写吧，请注意兴趣的培养。

导语：我们大家都知道，每个公民都有维护好自己权益的义务，所以日常生活中发生一些小摩擦我们当然要理智的去处理，那么投诉信是不是一个很好的办法呢?下面是yuwenmi小编为还在备考的同学整理的优秀英语素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

Dear_______,

I am . (自我介绍) I feel bad to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a complaint about_______.

The reason for my dissatisfaction is ______________(总体介绍). In the first place,_________________________(抱怨的第一个方面). In addition, ____________________________(抱怨的第二个方面). Under these circumstances, I find it ___(感觉) to ____________________________(抱怨的方面给你带来的后果).

I appreciate it very much if you could_______________________(提出建议和请求), preferably __________(进一步的要求), and I would like to have this matter settled by ______(设定解决事情最后期限).

Thank you for your consideration and I will be looking forward to your reply.

Yours sincerely

Li Ming