应用文写作英语四级考试计划（精彩20篇）

[雅思写作]雅思考试作文抢分秘笈

作文中常用句套：

下文中出现的 A,B, “...”(某事物), "sb"( somebody),

要在写作中要根据上下文进行适当替换.

开头：

When it comes to ..., some think ...

There is a public debate today that ...

A is a commen way of ..., but is it a wise one?

Recentaly the problem has been brought into focus.

提出观点：

Now there is a growing awareness that...

It is time we explore the truth of ...

Nowhere in history has the issue been more visible.

进一步提出观点：

... but that is only part of the history.

Another equally important aspect is ...

A is but one of the many effects. Another is ...

Besides, other reasons are...

提出假想例子的方式：

Suppose that...

Just imagine what would be like if...

It is reasonable to expect...

It is not surprising that...

举普通例子：

For example(instance),...

... such as A,B,C and so on (so forth)

A good case in point is...

A particular example for this is...

引用：

One of the greatest early writers said ...

"Knowledge is power", such is the remard of ...

"......". That is how sb comment ( criticize/ praise...).

"......". How often we hear such words like there.

讲故事

（先说故事主体），this story is not rare.

..., such delimma we often meet in daily life.

..., the story still has a realistic significance.

提出原因：

There are many reasons for ...

Why .... , for one thing,...

The answer to this problem involves many factors.

Any discussion about this problem would inevitably involves ...

The first reason can be obiviously seen.

Most people would agree that...

Some people may neglect that in fact ...

Others suggest that...

Part of the explanation is ...

进行对比：

The advantages for A for outweigh the disadvantages of...

Although A enjoys a distinct advantage ...

Indeed , A carries much weight than B when sth is concerned.

A maybe ... , but it suffers from the disadvantage that...

承上启下：

To understand the truth of ..., it is also important to see...

A study of ... will make this point clear

让步：

Certainly, B has its own advantages, such as...

I do not deny that A has its own merits.

结尾：

>From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw

the conclusion that ...

In summary, it is wiser ...

In short...

在作文中引用合适的名言警句，会给你的文章增色许多。这里收集了我本人喜爱的一些名言，可能会对你有用。我们使用引用的位置可以在开头结尾或正文段落中，

常见的使用形式如下：

One of the greatest early writers said ...

"Knowledge is power", such is the remard of ...

"......". That is how sb comment ( criticize/ praise...).

"......". How often we hear such words like there.

Useful quotations

逆境

by Robert Collier

In every adversity there lies the seed of an equivalent advantage. In every defeat there is a lesson showing you how to win the victory next time.

努力与成功

by Ann Landers

Opportunities are usually disguised as hard work, so most people dont recognize them.

坚持

by Ralph Waldo Emerson

No one can cheat you out of ultimate success but yourselves.

Confucius 孔子

Our greatest glory is not in never falling...

but in rising every time we fall.

坚持

Mother Teresa

To keep a lamp burning we have to keep putting oil in it.

Henry Ford

Nothing is particularly hard if you divide it inuo small jobs.

Winston Churchill

Never, never, never, never give up.

Albert Einstein

In uhe middle of difficulty lies opportunity.

努力与成功

by Crassus

Those who aim at great deeds must suffer greatly.

Thomas Edison

There is no substitute for hard work.

Leo Tolstoi

The strongest of all warriors are these two- Time and Patience.

Thomas Jefferson

Im a great believer in luck,

and I find the harder I work...

the more I have of it.

Robert Collier

Success is the sum of small efforts, repeated day in and day out.

Ray A. Croc

Luck is a dividend of sweat. The more you sweat, the luckier you get.

实际经验与间接经验

Youll learn more about a road by traveling it...

than by consulting all the maps in the world.

动机与结果

Vince Lombardi

Winning isnt everything...

but wanting to win is.

John F. Kennedy

We choose to go!to the moon and other things , oot because they are easy, but because they are hard.

Thucydides

The strong do what they will.

The weak do what they must.

为人态度：

John Wooden

Talent is God given--Be Humble.

Fame is man given-- Be Thankful.

Conceit is self given --Be Careful.

行动：

Theodore Roosevelt

Do what you can , with what you have , with where you are.

Publilius Syrus Maxim

No one knows what he can do till he tries.

Terence

There is nothing so easy but that i

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[雅思写作]雅思考试作文抢分秘笈

t becomes difficult when you do it reluctantly.

Thomas Fuller

A wise man turns chance into good fortune.

William Hazlitt

Prosperity is a great teacher;

adversity is a greater.

William Penn

No pains, no palm;

no thorns, no throne;

no gall , no glory;

no cross, no crown.

Will Rogers

Even if youre on the right track, youll get run over... if you just sit there.

Opportunity rarely knocks on your door.

Knock rather on opportunitys door if you ardently wish to enter.

成功与失败

Vince Lombardi

Its not whether you get knocked down.

...Its whether you get up again.

Winston Churchill

An optimist sees an opportunity in every calamity;

a pessimist sees a calamity in every opportunity.

热情（年轻/年老）

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm.

信心

James Allen

The will to do springs from the knowledge that we can do.

Samuel Johnson

Few things are impossible to diligence and skill.

Aughey

Lost time is never found again.

Voltaire

No problem can stand the assault of sustained thinking.

Napoleon

Victory belongs to the most persevering.

细心

Euipides

Leave no stone unturned.

计划与工作

Norman Vincent Peale

Plan your work for today and every day;

then work your plan.

Henry Ford

Failure is only the opportunity to more intelligently begin again.

Thomas Edison

I start where the last man left off.

理想与现实

What the mind of man can conceive and believe,

the mind of a man can achieve.

勤奋

Benjamin Franklin

Plough deep while sluggards sleep.

目标

Henry David Thoreau

In the lone run men hit only what they aim at.

幸运

Emily Dickinson

Luck is not chance...

Its toil...

Fortunes expensive smile is earned.

勤奋

Thomas Edison

Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.

Useful Quotations

想象力

Albert Einstein

Imagination is more important than knowledge.

挑战：

Walter Begehot

The great pleasure in life is doing what people say you cannot do.

机会与准备

Abraham Lincoln

I will prepare and some day my chance will come.

信心与事实

Henry Ford

Whether you think you can or think you cant -- you are right.

English Proverb

Where theres a will theres a way.

There is no failure excepting no longer trying.

Luck is what happens when preparation meets opportunity.

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昨天下午，我们班进行了英语考试。今天，当试卷发下来以后，成绩是60分!从未有过的低分数!我被这个成绩怔住了，我迫不急待地打开试卷，想要看看到底是怎么一回事。 通过整张卷子的卷面来看，我最大的问题在于审题。最后，则是积累问题。这点可以从我的作文中看出，在我想到一句很好的话时，却因为一个单词而放弃。可见我平时的积累还是太少。因为这次成绩不太理想，所以有好好的分析卷子，写下了这篇反思报告。希望做到以上几点，并取得进步。

既然要写好应用文，那就是要把应用文的一切了解清楚。下面是小编为大家搜集整理出来的有关于应用文写作的写作基础，希望可以帮助到大家！

一、结构的含义和作用

1.掌握结构的含义应用文的结构，是运用材料以表现主题的有序安排，是客观事物条理性在文章中的反映，为文章的组织形式和内部构造。文章的结构具有两重含义：一是宏观结构，即文章的总体构思、大体框架；二是微观结构，即对文章的层次、段落、开头、结尾、过渡、照应和主次的具体设计。               2.了解结构的作用结构好比文章的骨架，是安排文章的具体形式，是将材料化为文章的手段之二。结构是表现主题的手段，是准确表达主题的必由之路，也是引导读者领会文章思想内容的向导。写文章只有找到恰当完美的结构形式，才能把主题和材料组合在一起，形成一个完美有机的整体。其作用具体表现在：

（１）使文章言之有体。应用文大多有较固定的结构形态，它是人们在长期写作实践中经过选择，逐步找到的最适合表现某种内容的最佳形式，也称之为“程式”。如简报、书信和行政公文类文书，具有相当固定的惯用格式。

（２）使文章言之有序。合理安排文章结构，就是根据一定的思路，将零散的材料组织起来，使之眉目清楚地成为一个有机的整体。

（３）使文章言之有文。精心安排文章结构，可以增加文章的文采，从而增强其可读性。

二、安排结构的条件

1.了解思路的含义及思路与结构的关系

在文章结构的两重含义中，总体构思是具体设计的前提和基础。总体构思也就是人们常说的“言有序”，是指对材料的安排要有次序，这体现了作者的思路。思路是安排结构的条件。

1、思路的含义

思路是作者思维活动的路线，是作者在头脑中梳理、组织内容材料的过程和结果。它是作者对客观事物自身条理性的观察、理解。

作者思路清晰，结构必然有条不紊；作者思路不清晰，结构必然紊乱。经过选择的材料，只有经过合理的组织安排，使之条理化、系统化，组成一个有机的整体，才能准确鲜明地表现既定的主题。

2、思路与结构的关系

在写作构思阶段，作者的思维活动异常活跃。确立主题，选择好材料，并进而考虑如何表达主题和如何安排材料，由此逐渐形成一条清晰、连贯、独到的思维活动路线——思路。此时，文章的大体框架已在作者的头脑中“闪现”出来。等到作者用书面语言把思路表达出来时，文章的结构也就具体安排好了。因此，作者思路与文章结构的关系极为密切。具体表现为以下三点：

（１）思路是形成结构的基础和内核。结构是文章最主要的表现形式。要使结构完整、严谨、匀称，动笔前，就需要作者匠心独运，形成清晰、连贯并具独创性的思路，进而“外化”成纲目清晰、严谨周密的结构。但是，文章反映客观事物，决不是对其原始形态的简单搬抄和复制，而是在符合客观事物发展规律基础上的主观创造。因此，不同的作者。不同的文体有不同的思路。思路开阔而有创见，文章的结构就新颖独特；思路狭窄而落俗，会使文章的结构板滞僵死；思路紊乱，文章的条理就必然不清；思路松散，文章的结构就不可能严密紧凑。

（２）结构是思路的体现和反映。结构是思路的外显形式和文字载体。思路严密清晰，文章结构才能完整、严谨、清晰，主题才能得以准确地表达；思路紊乱、疏漏和闭塞，文章则会逻辑混乱、言而无序、首尾不能圆合

了解锻炼思路的基本要求及锻炼思路的方法

（１）注意思路的条理性和逻辑性，使之清晰、周密、连贯。清晰，指展开思路要有顺序、有层次，同时对材料要加以区分和归类。周密，指思路要周到、严密，没有疏漏和缺损，不要顾此失彼，自相矛盾。连贯，指思维活动过程及其表达不仅要注意外在的次序，而且要处理好各个意思之间存在的衔接、并列、转折、因果、总分等内在联系，做到气脉贯通、流畅。

（２）注意思路的灵活性、独创性，使之活跃、开阔、敏捷。活跃与开阔，是指思路的开展要打破思维定势，进行多向探索，使之灵活、新颖而富有个性。敏捷是指思路的展开、梳理直至成型这一过程应该灵敏、迅速，使文章结构紧凑、气势流转而顺畅。

（３）养成良好的思维习惯。一是养成有序思考问题的习惯，由浅入深、由表及里、由此及彼。二是加强逻辑思维能力的训练。应用写作主要靠逻辑思维，要遵循“提出问题——分析问题——解决问题”这一认识规律。

（４）写作前要通盘思考，立足于写作意图、目的和所用文体特点，确定如何起笔，主体分几个部分展开，怎样收尾。

Winter comes again, this is the third since I was in primary school winter vacation. Holiday that day, the teacher the assignment is more on the blackboard. For me, the teacher assigned winter vacation homework to complete or need a lot of time, because it is very difficult, and a lot of. Due to the winter vacation homework more, need reasonable arrange time to complete, so I made a plan for the winter vacation studying life.

My plan is this: every morning in the xinhua bookstore to buy of the "Chinese winter vacation homework" and "mathematics winter vacation homework each finish one page (two sides); For more than 30 minutes every morning time of extracurricular reading; Finished winter vacation homework in the morning and after reading the rest of the time free activities, you can watch TV, play computer games, etc. Noon lunch break after an hour of sleep, we finished the afternoon arrangement: adhere to write every afternoon a piece of calligraphy, learn an hour of computer application knowledge, after the read cooked a good article to read to the parents again. Finally is in before you go to bed after supper every day to write a diary: can write of what happened in your own comments, stories and substance, etc.; Before sleeping to delve into a really, finally under the exciting TV childrens hypnotic sleep - its not a good habit!

The above is my winter holiday life plan? My winter vacation plan is good! I finish my winter vacation homework should not only, also want to help mom and dad to do something, so mom and dad wont be happy, and it had to be meaningful. Finally, is close to the New Year, this is our important traditional festival of the Chinese nation, I am here to wish you all a happy and prosperous New Year.

寒假又来了，这是我上小学以来的第三个寒假。放假那天，老师在黑板上布置的作业比较多。对于我来说，老师布置的寒假作业要全部完成还是需要很多时间的，因为又是很难，又是很多。由于寒假作业比较多，需要合理的安排好时间才能完成，所以我制订了一个寒假学习生活计划。

我的计划是这样的：每天上午把在新华书店买的《语文寒假作业》和《数学寒假作业》各做完一页(两面);每天上午进行30分钟以上时间的课外阅读;上午做完寒假作业和课外阅读后剩下的时间自由活动，可以看看电视，玩玩电脑游戏等。中午午休睡一个小时后，就要完成下午的安排了：每天下午坚持写一张毛笔字，学一个小时的电脑应用知识，读熟一篇好文章后再读给家长听。最后是在每天晚饭后睡觉前写一篇日记：可以写发生的事情，自己的心得体会，心情故事和读后感等;睡觉前再钻研一道奥数题，最后枕着精彩的电视少儿节目催眠入睡——这可不是一个好习惯哦!

以上就是我的寒假生活计划，怎么样?我的寒假计划不错吧!我不仅要完成寒假作业，也要帮爸爸妈妈做一点事情，这样爸爸妈妈才会高兴，而且这样过得才有意义。最后，快要过年了，这是我们中华民族的重要传统节日，我在这里先祝大家心想事成，万事如意!

四级作文考查的是写作的基本功，其准确用词包括三重含义：一是书写正确，即拼写和大小写等无误；二是词义正确，即所用的词确定能表达自己的意图；三是用法正确，包括词的语法搭配关系和意义搭配关系等。

选词的标准是：所选的词应该准确达意，通俗易懂，并符合英语的表达习惯。选词的重要性我们不再赘述，这里我们着重介绍由于用词不当而造成的错误现象。错误现象的成因很多，而形近词的误用是出错的重要原因之一。比如：有个美国学生在作文中这样写道：My goal in life is to be a success, and when I retire I want to devote my money to philandering。这个学生把最后一个词弄错了，他原来想说的词是philanthropy，结果意思相差十万八千里。

下面我们从句子和段落两方面，通过具体实例来说明选词在短文写作中的重要性，以及因为选词不当而造成的错误现象。

【例1】 Good study habits attributed to his performance on tests。

【分析】该句中的attributed to意为把归于；认为是的原因，用在这是不符合句意的。我们知道contribute to意为助于；促成，所以这里是因词义混淆而产生的句子的逻辑错误。

【更正】Good study habits contribute to his performance on tests。

[四级考试写作选词方法与技巧

My holiday life will be busy but interesting. I am going to do my homework every day so that I can finish my homework on time.I am going to the library to borrow some books and go to the shops to buy some books so that I can read some interesting books. I am going to play sports such as playing basketball, table tennis, swimming and so on . Of course I am going to help my parents do some housework because they are busy with their work every day.I am going to spend a week in Shanghai with my parents so that we can see the expo. I am sure I am going to have an interesting and happy summer vacation.

我的假期生活很忙但很有趣。我打算每天都做作业,这样我就可以完成我的作业。我要去图书馆借一些书和去商店买些书,这样我可以阅读一些有趣的书。我要去做运动比如打篮球、乒乓球、游泳等等。当然我要帮助我的父母做一些家务,因为他们忙于工作的每一天。我打算花一个星期在上海和我的父母,这样我们可以看到世博会。我确信我将有一个有趣和快乐的暑假。

我校九年级学生，有80%完全不会写作文，即除了“My name is XXX.”“I will. do，” 一个正确的句子都写不出来，剩下的5%也在以下方面存在一些常见的错误：

1、没有理解英语的基本句子成分是“主语”+“谓语”

学生经常出现主语跟谓语不一致，包括句子的谓语用得不恰当，谓语用词跟主语不搭配，一个句子没有主语，或多个句子杂在一起。

比如：学生想说“我母亲总是不让我看电视”，写出来的是“my mother always not be allowed I watch TV.”根本就是直接从汉语逐字翻译成英文的。

出现这样的问题，显然是由于句子的基本结构没有弄清楚。看来在今后教学中还要继续强调，并配合造例句练习。

2、动词短语搭配不准确

比如：“I’m not allowed watch TV.”正确的短语“被允许做某事”应该是“be allowed to do…”。

3、丛句语序和连接词问题

很不理解，为什么强调了那么多次，学生在写作文时，丛句语序还会写错？后者连接词和引导词也老师出错。对于连接词，我在讲的时候也感觉到学生没有理解。我讲解的方法就是把课文里面的丛句拿出来分析其语序和联系词，然后再讲相关语法点，最后举例子让学生造句。语序问题，我还会在将来碰到一次强调一次，相信会有效果。但是联系词我就不知道该怎么让孩子听懂了。

比如：“I don’t know that what should I do”“Could you please tell me should I do?”正确的句子应该是“I don’t know what I should do.”“ Could you please tell me what I should do?”.

以上这些问题让我对如何增强学生作文表达能力有了一个不全面的思考。我觉得，提高学生作文能力必须从七年级入手（小学重点在听说，只需知道what 和 how,不需求甚解；到中学阶段就必须知道why了）。

4、句子使用的句型单一

例如；在一次模拟考试当中英语的考试题目就是如果我当选了班长我会怎么做，做哪些事情，九年级五班的英语课代表张雅就一直用一个句型来写“I will do”，虽然全文当中没有一个错误，但因为句型单一所以值得8分，因此在老师教课的过程中还要不断的给学生讲 作文序加以变换句型且需对语句加以润色。

针对以上问题我以后在讲课文和精读篇阅读理解试题时，要注意以下两点：

1、利用课文逐句帮助学生分析理解英文句子的基本结构，即“主语+谓语”；

2、要求学生把有用的动词短语、名词短语以及插入语记牢记清楚。

3、每单元的语言目标，一定要理解并记忆。

4、是学生学会句子的变换使用，有必要时做些句型转换练习。

The new year opened the door for us, and the winter vacation slipped to our side. Like last year, I made a "winter vacation plan" early. I dont want this good time to be wasted.

The first thing is to have a combination of work and work. In this period of time, I should stick to more reading and writing every day. Now I have read six good books and write more than ten compositions. I also borrowed from relatives and the fifth grade book book, have time to read, look at those skills to learn to walk, to memorize those formulas.

When youre tired, take a break, watch TV, hit a computer, or play games with your neighbors. Of course, the time of play must not be more than the time of learning! Otherwise it is not good. In this stage, the most important thing is to learn, so it cant be too much fun.

The second point is to help parents work, our mom and dad to come back and work out busy household chores, and are very tired. As our son and daughter, we should do something to help them to relieve some of the burden. In this way, not only can exercise our ability, enhance our constitution, but also by their parents praise, not one to three?

Third, thats the last one. I want to get into the habit of getting up early and getting up early, and trying to get me out of the morning without my father. In this way, not only can kill two birds with one stone, can enhance physical fitness, and fuel costs, it is not very good?

In the winter vacation, I must strictly follow the plan of the work, happily over the year, after the winter vacation!

The new semester again, I graduated from is a step closer examination. Admitted to good schools, I developed a new semester program.

1. I want to finish my homework seriously.

2. in the face of the problem is not the time to ask the students or teachers.

3. do some exercises.

4. more than the weekend reviewing previously learned knowledge.

5. to practice speaking English.

6. spare time to read some books.

In the new semester I hope I get better results. Admitted to a good school.

导语：不论从何种角度，环保都是当代世界发展不可忽视的一环。它也不再仅仅是一种措施和行动，而是一种经济行为，并带动了一系列相关的产业。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的说明中国发展环保经济的状况的英语句子，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

1. While developing its economy， China will handle properly the relationship among the population， natural resources and the environment.

2. The Chinese government pays great attention to environmental problems arising from Chinas population growth and economic development.

3. China relies on improving supervision， management and technological progress to promote environmental protection.

4. Land， arable land in particular， should be used reasonably and economically. Strong measures will be taken to strengthen the building of the urban environmental infrastructure， regulate industrial structure and lay-out， shun the unpromising way of pollution first， treatment afterwards， and strengthen prevention and control of the pollution in major river valleys to ensure the security of the drinking water of the inhabitants.

【参考译文】

1、中国在发展经济的同时，将处理好的人口之间的关系，自然资源和环境。

2、中国政府高度关注中国人口增长和经济发展所带来的环境问题。

3、中国依靠强化监督管理和技术进步，促进环境保护。

4、土地，特别是耕地，应该合理和经济地使用。将采取强有力的措施来加强城市环境基础设施建设，调整产业结构和布局，避免“先污染，后治理的工作方式，加强预防和控制主要河流污染以确保居民饮用水安全。

一个句子必须按照一定的模式来组织，这个模式称为句式。下面是语文迷为大家提供的高考英语写作优秀句式，供大家参考。

1) on the other hand, the contribution of day schools cant be ignored.

2) due to high tuition fee, most of ordinary families cannot afford to send their children to boarding schools.

3) since it is unnecessary to consider students routinelife, day school can lay stress on teaching instead of other aspects, such as management of dormitory and cafeteria.

4) furthermore, students living in their own home would have access to a comfortable life and have more opportunities to communicate with their parents, which have beneficial impact on development of their personal character.

5) from what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that both of day schools and boarding schools are important to train young students for our society.

6) there is much discussion over science and technology. one of the questions under debate is whether traditional technology and methods are bound to die out when a country begins to develop modern science and technology.

7) According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.

8) The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.

9) No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.

10) People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.

11) An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.

12) When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.

13) Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a persons physical fitness.

14) Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful

15) An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution.

16) Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus, which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers.

17) There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.

18) An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement.

19) A proper part-time job does not occupy students too much time. In fact, it is unhealthy for them to spend all of time on their study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

20) Any government, which is blind to this point, may pay a heavy price.

21) Nowadays, many students always go into raptures at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin. Unfortunately, for most young people, it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus.

22) In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get worse.

23) The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.

24) It is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to face the dangers of starvation and exposure.

25) Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.

26) No one can deny the fact that a persons education is the most important aspect of his life.

27) People equate success in life with the ability of operating computer.

28) In the last decades, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.

29) In fact, we have to admit the fact that the quality of life is as important as life itself.

30) We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.

31) People believe that computer skills will enhance their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.

32) The information Ive collected over last few years leads me to believe that this knowledge may be less useful than most people think.

33) Now, it is generally accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduation.

34) This is a matter of life and death--a matter no country can afford to ignore.

35) For my part, I agree with the latter opinion for the following reasons:

36) Before giving my opinion, I think it is important to look at the arguments on both sides.

37) This view is now being questioned by more and more people.

38) Although many people claim that, along with the rapidly economic development, the number of people who use bicycle are decreasing and bicycle is bound to die out. The information Ive collected over the recent years leads me to believe that bicycle will continue to play extremely important roles in modern society.

39) Environmental experts point out that increasing pollution not only causes serious problems such as global warming but also could threaten to end human life on our planet.

40) In view of such serious situation, environmental tools of transportation like bicycle are more important than any time before.

41) Using bicycle contributes greatly to peoples physical fitness as well as easing traffic jams.

42) Despite many obvious advantages of bicycle, it is not without its problem.

43) Bicycle cant be compared with other means of transportation like car and train for speed and comfort.

44) From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that advantages of bicycle far outweigh its disadvantages and it will still play essential roles in modern society.

45) There is a general discussion these days over education in many colleges and institutes. One of the questions under debate is whether education is a lifetime study.

46) This issue has caused wide public concern.

47) It must be noted that learning must be done by a person himself.

48) A large number of people tend to live under the illusion that they had completed their education when they finished their schooling. Obviously, they seem to fail to take into account the basic fact that a persons education is a most important aspect of his life.

49) As for me, Im in favor of the opinion that education is not complete with graduation, for the following reasons:

50) It is commonly accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduate.

51) Even the best possible graduate needs to continue learning before she or he becomes an educated person.

52) It is commonly thought that our society had dramatically changed by modern science and technology, and human had made extraordinary progress in knowledge and technology over the recent decades.

53) For lack of distinct culture, some places will not attract tourists any more. Consequently, the fast rise in number of foreign tourists may eventually lead to the decline of local tourism.

54) There is a growing tendency for parents to ask their children to accept extra educational programs over the recent years.

55) This phenomenon has caused wide public concern in many places of world.

56) Many parents believe that additional educational activities enjoy obvious advantage. By extra studies, they maintain, their children are able to obtain many kinds of practical skills and useful knowledge, which will put them in a beneficial position in the future job markets when they grow up.

57) In the first place, extra studies bring about unhealthy impacts on physical growth of children. Educational experts point out that, it is equally important to take some sport activities instead of extra studies when children have spent the whole day in a boring classroom.

58) Children are undergoing fast physical development; lack of physical exercise may produce disastrous influence on their later life.

59) In the second place, from psychological aspect, the majority of children seem to tend to have an unfavorable attitude toward additional educational activities.

60) It is hard to imagine a student focusing their energy on textbook while other children are playing.

61) Moreover, children will have less time to play and communicate with their peers due to extra studies, consequently, it is difficult to develop and cultivate their character and interpersonal skills. They may become more solitary and even suffer from certain mental illness.

62) From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that, although extra studies indeed enjoy many obvious advantages, its disadvantages shouldnt be ignored and far outweigh its advantages. It is absurd to force children to take extra studies after school.

63) Any parents should place considerable emphasis on their children to keep the balance between play and study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

64) There is a growing tendency for parent these days to stay at home to look after their children instead of returning to work earlier.

65) Parents are firmly convinced that, to send their child to kindergartens or nursery schools will have an unfavorable influence on the growth of children.

66) However, this idea is now being questioned by more and more experts, who point out that it is unhealthy for children who always stay with their parents at home.

67) Although parent would be able to devote much more time and energy to their children, it must be admitted that, parent has less experience and knowledge about how to educate and supervise children, when compared with professional teachers working in kindergartens or nursery schools.

68) From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that, although the parents desire to look after children by themselves is understandable, its disadvantages far outweigh the advantages.

69) Parents should be encouraged to send their children to nursery schools, which will bring about profound impacts on children and families, and even the society as a whole.

70) Many leaders of government always go into raptures at the mere mention of artistic and cultural projects. They are forever talking about the nice parks, the smart sculptures in central city and the art galleries with various valuable rarities. Nothing, they maintain, is more essential than such projects in the economic growth.

71) But is it really the case? The information Ive collected over last few years leads me to believe that artistic and cultural projects may be less useful than many governments think. In fact, basic infrastructure projects are playing extremely important role and should be given priority.

72) Those who are in favor of artistic and cultural projects advocate that cultural environment will attract more tourists, which will bring huge profits to local residents. Some people even equate the build of such projects with the improving of economic construction.

73) Unfortunately, there is very few evidence that big companies are willing to invest a huge sums of money in a place without sufficient basic projects, such as supplies of electricity and water.

74) From what has been discussed above, it would be reasonable to believe that basic projects play far more important role than artistic and cultural projects in peoples life and economic growth.

75) Those urban planners who are blind to this point will pay a heavy price, which they cannot afford it.

76) There is a growing tendency these days for many people who live in rural areas to come into and work in city. This problem has caused wide public concern in most cities all over the world.

77) An investigation shows that many emigrants think that working at city provide them with not only a higher salary but also the opportunity of learning new skills.

78) It must be noted that improvement in agriculture seems to not be able to catch up with the increase in population of rural areas and there are millions of peasants who still live a miserable life and have to face the dangers of exposure and starvation.

79) Although rural emigrants contribute greatly to the economic growth of the cities, they may inevitably bring about many negative impacts.

80) Many sociologists point out that rural emigrants are putting pressure on population control and social order; that they are threatening to take already scarce city jobs; and that they have worsened traffic and public health problems.

81) Now people in growing numbers are beginning to believe that learning new skills and knowledge contributes directly to enhancing their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.

82) An investigation shows that many older people express a strong desire to continue studying in university or college.

83) For the majority of people, reading or learning a new skill has become the focus of their lives and the source of their happiness and contentment after their retirement.

84) For people who want to adopt a healthy and meaningful life style, it is important to find time to learn certain new knowledge. Just as an old saying goes: it is never too late to learn.

85) There is a general debate on the campus today over the phenomenon of college or high school students doing a part-time job.

86) By taking a major-related part-job, students can not only improve their academic studies, but gain much experience, experience they will never be able to get from the textbooks.

87) Although peoples lives have been dramatically changed over the last decades, it must be admitted that, shortage of funds is still the one of the biggest questions that students nowadays have to face because that tuition fees and prices of books are soaring by the day

88) Consequently, the extra money obtained from part-time job will strongly support students to continue to their study life.

89) From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that part-time job can produce a far-reaching impact on students and they should be encouraged to take part-time job, which will benefit students and their family, even the society as a whole.

90) These days, people in growing numbers are beginning to complain that work is more stressful and less leisurely than in past. Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it.

五一劳动节，旅游不停歇，领略风光好，提升新境界，亲朋遥相聚，说笑不分离，身体虽疲惫，心里自然美，人间情珍贵。节日虽忙碌，没忘送祝福：劳动节快乐!

Labor Day, travel non-stop, enjoy the scenery, to enhance the new realm, relatives and friends. Together, talking and laughing are not isolated, is physically tired heart, the beauty of nature, the world precious love. The holiday is busy, dont forget to send blessings: a happy labor day!

五一到，扛一筐快乐，背一袋开心，真心送你送顺心;顶一卷如意，举一群幸福，真诚送你送温馨;揽一堆安康，扒一块吉祥，真情送你送舒心，愿你笑容绽放每一秒，五一劳动节快乐!

Five one to carry a basket, happy, happy heart to send back a bag, send you my best; each volume, for a group of happy, sincerely give you send a bunch of warm embrace; Ankang, with a piece of luck, love to send you to comfort, wish you smile every second, Labor Day happy!

编一个短信送给你，写份祝福送给你。五一来临之际，为您送上一份衷心的祈祷与祝福，诚祝您与您的家人度过一个愉快的劳动节!

Write a message to you, write a blessing to you. Five one approaching, to pray and bless you a heartfelt, sincere wish you have a nice day with your family!

携着一缕缕阳光心情妙，伴着一春浓浓芬芳笑容爽，发一段长长祝福万事吉，添一段甜甜回忆情意浓，道一声幸福悠长体安康，愿你五一劳动节生活美满，幸福常。

With the sun continuously wonderful mood, with a thick fragrant spring smile bright, send a blessing all long Ji, add a sweet memories of affective thick, say happiness long body of Ankang, I wish you a happy life Labor Day, happiness always.

劳动虽光荣，心情要放松，平常工作忙，身体好辛苦，五一假期到，外面风光好，快乐和健康，朋友要享到，愿君少烦恼，幸福粘你跑。

Labor is glorious, the mood to relax the body, usually busy with work, good work, five one holidays to the outside scenery, good, healthy and happy, to enjoy friends, wish you happy worry, stick you run.

平时工作太劳累，假期可以按时睡;清除烦恼忘琐碎，开心乐观不后退;真挚友谊诚可贵，短信祝福真实惠;劳动节里心情美，快乐和你永相随。

I work too hard, the holidays can sleep; clear trouble forget the trivial, happy dont retreat; sincere friendship is precious, SMS blessing real benefits; labor day in the mood beauty, happiness and you forever.

又是今年五一到，平安吉祥没烦恼：骑上顺利的单车，背起开心的背包，走上自在的小路，闻着甜蜜的花香，给自己身心一个放松的旅行，自然会得到生命更美好的记忆!五一提醒：必须开心，必须放松!

This year is the five one, peace auspicious not worry: ride smooth bicycle, carrying happy backpack, to ease road, smelling the sweet fragrance of flowers, give yourself a relaxing trip, will naturally be more beautiful memories of life! Five one reminder: must be happy, must be relaxed!

五月微风好春光，槐花栀子竟飘香，五一劳动节又来临，短信祝福送给你，外出旅游要小心，爱护文物和古迹，悠闲自得莫疲惫，健康排在第一位，饮酒千万别开车，平平安安才是真，祝朋友劳动节快乐!

In May a good spring, flower fragrance of Gardenia unexpectedly, Labor Day comes again, SMS blessing you, travel, be careful, protect cultural relics and historical sites, leisurely not tired, health in the first row, dont drink and drive, peace is the true friend, I wish a happy labor day!

平常忙，难游玩，工作多，好疲惫，五一到，假期来，爬爬山，观观海，赏赏花，陪陪家，远烦恼，多欢乐，心情愉，身体健，好朋友，常挂心，送祝福，万事顺。

Usually busy, difficult to play, work, good tired, five one, holidays, mountain climbing, sea view, appreciation of flowers, spend time with family, far more joy, worry, feel good, good health, good friends, often worry, send blessings, maestro.

财富，指具有价值的东西就称之为财富，包括自然财富、物质财富、精神财富等。下面是语文迷为大家整理的关于财富的英语名言，希望对你写作文有帮助。

Betrand Russell, British philosopher 乞丐并不羡慕百万富翁，尽管他们一定会羡慕比他们乞讨得多的乞丐。

英国哲学家罗素.B.

He that has a full purse never lacks a friend. Even in a busy market, nobody cares to know a poor person.

Anonymors 富在深山有远亲;贫在闹市无人识。

无名氏

All good things are cheap, all bad things are very dear.

Henry David Thoreau, Ameican writer 一切好的东西都是便宜的，所有坏的东西都是非常贵的。

美国作家梭罗。H.D.

Apply yourself to true riches; it is shameful to depend upon silver and gold for a happy life.

Lrcius Annaeus Seneca, Ancient Roman Philosopher 要争取真正的财富，靠金银谋取幸福是不光彩的。

古罗马哲学家西尼加.L.A.

I would rather have my people laugh at my economies than weep for my extravagance.

Oscar ll, Swedish king 我宁愿让我的人民嘲笑我的的小气也不愿让他们为我的挥霍而哭泣。

瑞典国王奥斯卡二世

A penny saved is a penny gained.

Richard Brckminster Fuller.American srchitect 省下一分钱等于得到一分钱。

美国建筑师富勒.R.B.

Beggars cannot be choosers.

Du Bose Heywood, American writer 乞丐不能挑肥拣瘦。

美国作家海伍德.D.B.

Creditors have better memories than debtors.

Benjamin Franklin. American president 放债的比借债记性好。

美国总统富兰克林。B.

Economy is in itself a source of great revenue.

Lucius Annaeus Seneca, Ancient Roman Philosopher 节约本身就是最大的收入 .

罗马哲学家 西尼加，L.A.

Economy is the poor man s mint; and extravagance the rich man s pitfall. 节约是穷人的造币厂，浪费是富翁的陷阱。

英国作家 塔泊.M

Few rich men own their property.The property owns them.

Robert Green Ingersoll. American Iawyer 极少富人拥有他们的财产，是财产拥有他们。

美国律师英格索尔.R.G.

If you would know the value of money, go and try to borrow some.

Benjamin Franklin, American presudent 要想知道钱的价值，就想办法去借钱试试。

美国总统富兰克林.B.

I finally know what distinguishes man from the other beasts:financial worries.

Jules Renard, French playwright 我终于明白人与野兽的区别在于：人为钱而担忧。

法国剧作家勒纳尔.J.

If rich, it is easy enough to conceal our wealth, but, if poor, it is not so easy to conceal our poverty. We shall find it less difficult to hide a thousand guineas, than one hole in our coat.

Charles C. Colton, British clergyman 如果富有，藏富很容易;如果贫穷，掩饰贫穷却很难。我们不难发现隐藏1000个金币比遮盖衣服上的一个破洞来得容易。

英国画妆师科尔顿.C.C

An ounce of prudence is worth a pound of gold.

Tobias Smollett, British writer 一盎司谨慎抵得上一磅黄金。

英国作家 .斯摩莱特 .T.

All the splendor in the world is not worth a good friend.

Voltaire, French thinker 人世间所有的荣华富贵不如一个好朋友。

法国思想家伏尔泰

关于财富的英语谚语

A bashful dog never fattens.害羞的狗养不胖。(bashful:害羞的)

A beggar can never be bankrupt,乞丐永远不会破产。

A beggar s purse is a I ways empty.乞弓存不住钱。

A borrowed loan should come laughing home.向人借贷应微笑返还。(借钱乐还，再借不难)。 读书笔记

A clear fast is better than a dirty breakfast.宁为清贫，不为法富。 内容来自

A covetous man does nothing that he should till he dies,贪娶之人，死后方尽其义务。

A covetous man is good to none, but worst to himself,贪娶之人，对人无益，对己更损。 读后感

A covetous woman deserves a swindling gallant,贪娶女郎的绝配就是负心汉。

A fool and his money are soon parted,傻子存不了钱。 内容来自

A heavy purse makes a light heart,钱袋沉甸甸，人就轻飘。

A lamb is as dear to a poor man as an ox to the rich,的黑羊比富人的牛更珍贵。

A light purse makes a heavy heart.?中无钱心事重。

A man does not wander far from where his corn is roast i ng.人不会远离财富的来源。 内容来自

A man has no more goods then he has good of.只有享用财富，才算真正拥有财舍田。 读后感

A man may love his house we I I without riding on the ridge.有宝何必人前夸。

A man without money is a bow without an arrow.人无钱，犹如弓无箭。 读后感

A man without money is no man at all. 一分钱难倒英雄汉。

A man’ s wealth is his enemy,财富是人之患也。

时间过得真快！转眼一个单元就上完了。我们迎来了本学期的第一次单元考试，那就是英语考。

“铃铃铃”上课铃声响了。英语老师拿着一叠试卷进来了。等英语老师一发下试卷，我就开始看听力题目。不一会儿，英语老师说：“现在，我们开始做听力，请大家准备好，第一题是听录音，选出你所听到的单词或词语。NO.1 name……”英语老师，就这样一题一题的报下去。不一会儿，英语的听力就做好了。接下来是做笔试部分。我一题一题的做下去，似乎都没有什么问题，做得也比较顺利。我想这次考试我应该十拿九稳的拿到满分了吧。可是，到了下午，英语老师拿着试卷进来的时候，我一开始还是满怀期待着，谁知，发到试卷的那一刹那，我惊呆了，我竟然失去了五分，并不是，我想象中的满分。我一看，其实这两题我都不应错的呀！我怎么可能会犯这种错误呢？哎！事已至此，也没有办法了。我只好把它订正好，争取下次考好点。

通过这次考试，我觉得还是要认真吸取教训，一定要认真答题。

经过一学期的学习，马上就要迎来期末考试了，大家都十分紧张而又期待，都希望自己能考一个好成绩，这样接下来的暑假也能过得更加的快乐。

为了让自己也能获得一个好的成绩，我为即将到来的期末考试制定了一个复习计划。首先是语文复习，我在语文方面的弱点是写作文，每次的作文都是扣分比较多的地方，所以这次我计划把之前考试卷上的作文都重新写一次，周末的时候去书店看作文辅导书，相信对提高我的作文水平十分有帮助的。其次是数学，数学考试每次的扣分点主要是在应用题，经常会出现审题不明确的情况，这主要是我粗心大意造成的，我计划把之前自己做错的题再做一遍，加强记忆，考试的时候也要时刻提醒自己注意仔细检查每一道题，做到审题明确。最后一个比较担心的就是体育考试。每次的跳绳考试中，我跳的个数都很少，才刚到及格的个数，和同学们比起来相差太多了，真是丢人。我决定现在开始每天晚饭后都去广场上练习跳绳，每次跳半个小时再回家。

有了上面详细的计划，我一定按照计划完成，取得一个好成绩。

中考英语试卷写作的分数各个省市有所不同，一般在15-20分之间。下面从阅卷老师的角度分析一下中考英语作文的得分点和扣分点。

中考英语作文对考生的要求有四点：1、内容要完整。 2、语句流畅。3、没有语法错误。4、书写规范。能达到上述要求的作文，都会得到相应的高分。

一：先看一下扣分点：

1.内容方面：要点缺失，可酌情扣分。比如中考作文“I want to do something for my school”，若没有写一件具体的事情，是要扣3分以上的;若写的事情太过于虚幻，没有实际内容，也会扣1-2分。

2.字数：少于60字的作文要酌情扣分。

中考英语作文要求60字以上，标点符号不算，少了就要扣分。但是60字的作文能不能得高分?从我们拿到的实例作文来看，16分以上的作文，没有少于75字的，甚至少于80字的也少之又少。当然，也极少有超过100字的，因为中考试卷的短线格一共80个，在格子下面大约还有2行的空间，可以加20字左右，再多阅卷人就很难看清了，也会影响卷面的美观。所以，同学们如果想让作文得到高分，最好是让字数在75-100字之间。

3. 语法和拼写错误：每个扣0.5，重复错误不计;

4. 标点错误：每4个扣0.5.

二：加分点

除了这些扣分点，还有一些得分点：比如说作文的组织结构分，就是根据学生使用复杂句型、单词和谚语、俗语的情况来加分。

只要文章中有1个亮点，基本就可以争取到1分(3分的文采分是很难全部拿到的)。而这1分的亮点，是可以提前准备的。例如，有一些“万金油”式的复杂句型，例如强调句型、only相关的倒装句等，只要同学们多操练几次，几乎是一定能用到作文当中，从而为自己争取到这1分。

其次就是卷面分

很多家长和同学，尤其是部分书法并不是十分整洁的同学，都会关心是否真的有“卷面分”的存在。虽然在阅卷标准里面并没有卷面分这一项，但是这个分数却真切地反映在了同学们的分数里面。

据阅卷老师的经验，在阅卷的时候并不是按这3个部分逐项打分的，而是在第一遍读完全文之后，心里已经形成了一个“印象分”，然后再细读第二、三遍，把印象分分配到各个打分部分。因此，这个“印象分”就非常重要，而同学们的书法，也正是在这个环节，影响到了自己的分数。所以初三的考生，如果书法不好，一定要注意。所谓的书法并不需要写的很漂亮，符合3个简单的标准即可：没有斜体、没有连笔、涂改较少。

英语四级考试目的是推动大学英语教学大纲的贯彻执行，对大学生的英语能力进行客观、准确的测量，为提高我国大学英语课程的教学质量服务。下面是小编为大家带来的基础薄弱如何进行英语四级写作训练的知识，欢迎阅读。

英语四级写作备考可分为四大步骤：

一、 背诵：

首先认真研究历年四级写作真题，重点研究2001年6月—2005年12月的11次真题，分析近年来四级写作的出题规律和考试重点，从语言、结构、 内容三大层面，认真研读经典写作真题范文：语言方面学习范文中的精彩词汇、词组、句型；结构方面学习范文的框架结构、内在逻辑、关联词、同义替换和代词替换；内容方面学习范文的论点、论据和论证。同时背诵精彩写作范文，要求滚瓜烂熟、脱口而出、多多益善，扎扎实实提高自己的写作实力。历年英语四级六级真题 >>

二、默写：

背诵熟练之后默写下来，仔细对照原文，会发现你默写的文章与原文有一些语法、拼写、标点的区别，这些区别就是你的写作弱点，学习关键在于针锋突破，不要全面出击。这些弱点正是你在考试中扣分的原因所在，把这些弱点意义克服，分数自然就会提高。

三、 中译英：

首先将写作真题范文译为中文，或参考范文的正确译文，然后进行中译英的工作，根据自己的理解把中文译为英文，最后对照英文原文，你会发现你的译文与原文存在较大的差别，这些差别正是你写作低分的症结所在。同样的一个中文句子，仔细对比一下你使用了哪些词汇、词组和句型，原文使用了哪些，这样你的写作水平才会逐渐提高。

四、 写作：

进行完上述工作之后，在考前必须进行写作的工作，只有动笔写作，才会发现自己的问题。可以写5—10篇真题或模拟题，模仿自己曾经背诵过的精彩词汇、词组、句型、框架和范文，写出一篇新的文章。最初不要求速度，但考前一定要进行模考，半小时写出一篇120－150词的文章。写完之后仔细修改其中的语言错误，将其改的更加精彩。

英语写作基础不太好的四级考生，必须按照上述步骤严格进行；基础较好的考生学习顺序正好相反，首先写作，直接写作英语四级真题；其次中译英，在研读原文之前，进行中译英的工作，译完对比，找出差距；然后背诵；最后默写。同时可以准备自己的写作框架，应用文和论说文分别形成固定的写法，积累精彩句型。

小学生期末考试的作文写作指导

一、考试范围：

记叙文（写人、写事）、状物文（景物、动物、植物、物品）、古诗改写、编写童话、看图写作（所给词语编故事）、应用文（写封信、建议书。）

考试和竞赛的区别：

考试文章和竞赛文章是不同的！它一般可以遵循一定的写作章法。而竞赛作文往往随意性很强，表现手法多样。

二、记住写作思路：

1、记叙文

第一段：抒情式开头（优美词汇+排比修辞）、开门见山开头（直奔主题），注意词汇的运用要准确，把文章题目带进来，免得跑题。

第二段：写人的作文（抓住人物肖像描写“年龄、身材、穿戴、长相、举止、习惯，也要注意运用优美词汇。过渡。）写事的文章（通过环境描写过渡，注意词汇和修辞运用。）

第三段：不管是写人、写事都要有一个具体的事情（注意一连串的动作描写，配合六大细节描写，使文章内容充实。）

第四段：抒情结尾+卒章显志结尾（把题目扣进去免得跑题）

2、状物文

第一段：抒情开头。（写小动物和植物，词汇+修辞）

第二段：描写动物、植物的外形特征（整体、局部、典型特征。参照《翠鸟》。）

第三段：动物的生活习性或与你之间的趣事。（一连串动词表现出来。）

第四段：抒情结尾+卒章显志结尾。（把题目扣进去。）

3、景物作文

第一段：抒情开头。（注意词汇和修辞的运用。）

第二段：静态描写。（观察有次序、一景一物一词一修辞，还可以加入五 觉描写。要是遇到具体的物，就要抓住特征来写。）

第三段：动态描写。（一连串的动作描写，写出活动的场面。要有开始、发展、结局。）

第四段：抒情结尾+卒章显志结尾。

4、古诗改写

忌讳：将古诗的翻

译，随意加入几句话就完成！

第一段：开门见山（交代时间、地点、人物、事件。）或环境式开头（抓住诗里相关景物，一景一物一词一修辞进行渲染）。

第二段：根据诗的意境、内容，抓住人物的肖像描写和不同的状物描写进行写人记事。

第三段：卒章显志结尾。

5、编写童话（给几个词语编故事）

注意：一定要将童话里的“人物”拟人化，要设置一定的故事情节，能表达一种感情或说明一个道理。

第一段：通常是环境描写（抓住相关事物进行联想，一景一物一词一修辞，渲染气氛，引出下文。）

第二段：编出一个有趣的故事，抓住童话里“人物”肖像描写和动作描写，将过程叙述完整。可分几层，每层都是一个新的自然段。

第三段：抒情或蕴含哲理结尾。

6、看图作文

首先：要弄清图画所给的内容，看清它要表达的是什么中心思想。

其次：将图画归类为写人记事的文章还是写景状物的文章。

最后： 写作方法可以同上。

导语：应用文是机关团体、单位或个人在日常工作、学习、生活中用以处理事务、沟通关系的具有一定的惯用格式的文体。它强调处理事务、沟通关系方面的直接的实用价值，因而在写作上有其特定的要求。

应用文写作的基本要求，可以概括为“明确、完备、合式、得体”八个字。

一、明确，是说行文的主旨要明确。

“主”是基本、中心;“旨”是主张、宗旨。应用文的主旨，就是一篇应用文在提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的过程中所表达出来的基本内容与中心观点，是作者具体的行文目的的体现。

写一篇应用文，不但自己要明确行文的目的与中心，明确为什么要写这一篇应用文，主要反映什么内容;而且要让读者能迅捷而准确地明了你行文的意图，了解你的观点、要求，了解你提出的主要问题，了解该文所涉及的事务与关系。不能让读者在读了你的来文后仍不明不白，无法了解问题的主次轻重，甚至对发文者的意图、观点产生误解。

例如某校团委为组织登山比赛活动向党委申请活动经费所写的一份《关于组织登山比赛活动的请示》，文中详细地说明了组织该项活动的目的、比赛的时间、地点、活动的具体内容、经费开支情况等，却没有明确提出“请予拨款”的要求，加上标题又没有明确反映出申请经费的意思，这就使收文者看不出发文者是在申请经费、要求拨款，而理解为发文者已有这笔经费，只是行文请求党委批准他们使用这笔经费组织一次登山比赛活动。

像这样的应用文，其主旨就是不明确的。行文要实现主旨明确，首先要求作者对发文的目的、意图有清醒的认识;其次要求作者对行文的中心、，内容的基本方面、问题的主次轻重做到心中有数;再次，要求作者在行文时还要做到“立主脑，去枝蔓”，在确定主旨、中心以后，应紧紧围绕中心、主旨来选择有关的材料，组织有关的内容。

二、完备，是说内容要素要齐全。

所谓内容要素，指的是一篇应用文在处理事务、沟通关系上必不可少的内容因素。

应用文写作总是直接地与具体的事务相联系的，旨在解决工作、学习或生活中的某些具体问题，最讲究现实的效益。内容要素完备这一要求，正是应用文实用性这一特点所决定的。看一篇应用文的内容要素是否齐全完备，关键就看其能否满足处理事务、沟通关系的实际需要。一篇应用文之所以缺乏实用价值，一个很主要的原因就是内容要素不完备。

例如，某单位向当地石油公司请求增拨石油，理由讲了不少，可到底要求增拨多少石油却只字未提，以致石油公司无法作出答复与安排。内容要素不完备，有时还会造成主旨不明，从而影响应用文的实用价值。

如上面谈到的那份“请示”，就是由于缺少了“请予拨款”这一项内容以致收文者对发文者的发文意图作了别解，使该请示失去了实用价值。不同的应用文体有其不同的内容要素。

例如，计划，其内容要素是制定计划的“目的”、“依据”(这两点虽不一定要见诸书面，却是制定计划时不可不加考虑的内容)、“任务要求”、“方法措施”、“进程与时序”;而经验总结的内容要素则为“总的工作成绩”、具体的“做法”、“效果”及“经验、体会”等;经济合同则有“标的”、“数量与质量”、“价款或酬金”、“履行的期限、地点和方式”、“违约责任”等主要条款。即使是同一文体的应用文，因其处理的具体事务不同、写作目的不同等原因，其内容要素也会有所不同。

就拿经济合同来说，其主要条款，除上述五条外，“法律规定的或按合同性质必须具备的条款，以及当事人一方要求必须规定的条款，也是经济合同的主要条款”(见《中华人民共和国经济合同法》第二章第十二条)。可见用于不同事务的经济合同会有不同的条款，甚至因当事人不同，同类合同也会有不同的条款。

这些不同的条款，也就是不同的经济合同各自应具备的内容要素。再拿调查报告来说。即使是反映同一调查对象的调查报告，因报告的目的不同，其内容要素也会有所不同。

例如《上海市街道集体企事业的调查》(载1979年2月8日《文汇报》)。其旨在帮助上海市街道集体企事业排除障碍、健康发展，因此报告的重点就放在这两个方面：

一是上海市街道集体企事业的作用和贡献;

二是上海市街道集体企事业在继续发展方面存在的障碍。

前者写出了该调查对象继续发展的必要性，后者则写出如何扶持其发展。没有前者，看不出调查对象有无继续发展的必要，这就很难激发有关部门对帮助其发展的兴趣和积极性;无后者则看不出该对象在继续发展上还存在哪些障碍，有关部门就难以有的放矢地去解决问题以保证其健康发展。可见这两点都是这篇调查报告的内容要素，缺一不可。

假如这篇调查报告的目的是为了给其他城市的同类企业树立样板以指导它们多作贡献、健康发展，那么该调查报告就应着重反映上海市街道集体企事业如何开展工作、取得成绩，如何健康发展等方面，从而使该调查对象工作上的成绩、做法、效果、经验、体会等项成为这篇调查报告的内容要素。

因此我们写作应用文，一定要从实际出发，考虑该篇应用文有何非写不可、必不可少的内容，努力做到内容要素齐全完备。

三、合式，是要求符合所用应用文体的程式性要求。

程式性是应用文的又一大特点，它主表表现为具有一定的惯用格式。这一点，法定的行政公文与电报表现得极为突出。

拿公文来说，标题、发文字号、主送及抄送抄报机关名称、正文、附件标注、发文时间、秘密等级、缓急程度等项的写法及其书写位置等都有特定的要求，甚至连文字的书写排印、用纸的规格及装订等都有严格的规定。

有些应用文虽无明确规定其书面格式、书写体例，但一般都有其较常用的结构形式。

如调查报告，其写法虽比较灵活，无固定的书写格式，但在写作中却常常采用“三部式”的结构方式：前言部分概述有关的基本情况(反映基本情况的调查报告多写关于调查活动方面的基本情况，如调查的时间、地点、范围方式、基本过程;调查的对象、目的、项目、总的调查结论等。

总结典型经验的调查报告则着重写关于调查对象方面的基本情况，如调查对象的历史、现状、组织结构、基本的工作及成绩、总的经验体会等);主文部分则根据报告的目的写出调查中形成的有关观点及说明这些观点的具体的调查材料;结语部分则对主文部分作必要的概括、总结或补充。

就一般的文章写作而言，格式大致包括以下三个方面的内容(或者说主要反映在三个方面)：

一是行款格式，主要指文字的书写排印的规定;标点符号的书写规定;标题、署名等位置的规定等等。

二是内容表达的书面形式，如分条列项式、篇段合一式、分部切块式、表格式等等。

三是正文的组织结构方式，包括行文顺序、开头结尾的安排等等。再具体到应用文的格式来说，则还有一个重要的方面，即“结构要素”方面。所胃结构要素，指的是构成一种应用文体的各个部分和项目(它不同于内容要素。内容要素是就正文部分的内容来说的，而结构要素则是对于全文的结构来说的。相对于内容要素来说，结构要素具有一定的直观性与外部性。

一篇应用文的内容要素是否完备，往往一眼看不出来，必须结合处理事务的现实需要，深入到文章的内部，通过对正文的内容作认真分析后才能了解。而一篇应用文的结构要素是否完备，则一般可以从文章的外部形式上把握，往往可以一目了然)。

应用文的结构要素，可以分为“一般结构要素”与“特殊结构要素”两类。“一般结构要素”指的是一种应用文体中的所有篇章都必须具备的。

例如公文中的“标题”、“发文字号”、“主送机关名称”、“正文”、“印章”、“发文时间”等等，这是每一篇公文都要具备的部分。至于“特殊结构要素”则不是一种应用文体中的所有篇章都必须具备的，而只是其中某些或某一篇章为了满足某种特殊的需要所特别具备的。仍以公文为例，除了上述那些“一般结构要素”外，秘密公文要标明秘密等级;紧急公文要标明缓急程度;有附件的公文要在正文之后注明附件名称与顺序;上报国务院的公文应注明签发人;会议通过的文件要在标题之下、正文之前注明会议名称与通过日期。这秘密等级、缓急程度、附件标注、签发人姓名、会议名称与通过日期等等，便是公文的“特殊结构要素”。应用文的结构要素，有如一部机器的零部件。少了一个零部件往往会影响机器的组装与正常运转。

一篇应用文的结构要素残缺不全，也会影响到结构的完整，影响到应用文正常的处理，会损害其现实效用。可以说，结构要素乃是应用文格式的主要方面。对应用文的“一定的惯用格式”，应着重从上述这几个方面去了解把握，以便使自己写出的用文达到“合式”的要求。应用文的程式性也是由应用文的实用性所决定的。

应用文作为信息的载体，其程式性掌握利用得好，有利于迅捷、准确地传递、接收与处理信息，有利于稳妥、及时地处理事务、沟通关系。否则容易影响接收者对信息的处理、贮存，甚至贻误大事。例如一大学生去信国外，因不懂该国书写信封的习惯、体例，照我们的习惯去写，结果信给退了回来。因此，我们不能把应用文的程式性理解为纯属形式主义的东西、而无视应用文写作“合式”的要求。

四、得体。所谓得体，就是得当、恰当。

得体对于应用文来说显得十分重要，因其往往直接影响到应用文处理事务、沟通关系的现实效益。得体的要求是多方面的。就应用文写作而言，主要反映在三个方面：

一、文体的选用方面。

不同的应用文体有不同的功用，反映了不同的行文目的和要求，有的还反映了收发双方之间不同的身份关系。这就有一个使用文体是否得当的问题。例如向非上下隶属关系的有关部门请求批准，就应用“函”而不能用“请示”，否则便是“搞错对象”，很不得体。又如向上级汇报工作、反映情况、提出建议就应用“报告”而不是“请示”。又如办学招生可用“启事”、“广告”而不宜用“通告”。

二、行文方面。

这里主要指表达方式的运用与篇章结构的安排。前者指的是要根据文体的特点来正确运用表达方式。例如“会议通知”，具有告知性、规定性。就表达方式而言，主要是运用叙述、说明，而不用或少用抒情、描写。后者指的是篇章结构应适应文体的特点与要求。就拿开头来说，应用文旨在应用，要求“易见事”，其开头一般应开门见山、开宗明义，而不宜搞“曲径通幽”、“烘云托月”之类。其他如层次、段落的安排，结尾的处理等方面，不同的应用文体都各有其习惯的做法。

三、语言的运用方面。

这是应用文写作“得体”的主要方面。我们说应用文写作要得体，主要也就是说其语言的运用要得体。下面就着重谈谈这一方面的问题。

我们认为，应用文语言要得体，主要是要注意以下几点：

1.要符合作者在社会关系中的地位。即叙事论理、遣词造句时要注意一定的身份，要能正确体现出收发双方之间一定的关系。《文心雕龙·书记》称“祢衡代书，亲疏得宜”。这“亲疏得宜”就是指正确体现了收发双方间一定的关系。如公文中的传送用语：“上报”、“呈报”用于上行，“印发”、“颁发”用于下行。倘用错了便不符合作者在社会关系中的特定位置。《文心雕龙》所谓“若夫尊长差序，则肃以节文”不能仅仅视为维护封建等级观念，从处理事务求得实效而言，这还是有必要的。

2.要注意特定的场合与氛围，要做到和谐协调。如贺喜时不说丧气话，严肃的场合不说俏皮话等。又如写请柬，用于商店开张、会议开幕的可以写“敬请光临指导”，而用于结婚宴请的则不宜写“指导”之类字眼。

3.要注意让对方乐于接受、易于接受。要分别对象，采用对方乐于接受、易于接受的言语。为了使对方乐于接受，有必要了解对方的个性、习惯、情绪、忌讳等等。如对比较幽默风趣的人说点俏皮话还可以;对一贯严肃、不苟言笑的人就不要耍噱头、说俏皮话。有的人很讲究忌讳，同这种人说话在这方面就应特别注意。一般人忌讳的话也要尽管少说。有一个储蓄所的营业员，把“要存定期还是存活期”说成“要死的还是要活的”，结果把前来储蓄的一个老人气走了。这就是说话不得体的后果。同一个意思往往可以有不同的说法，其中有的说法人家乐于接受，有的说法则令人感到不堪入耳。这就要求我们在遣词造句以表情达意时要十分慎重，要尽量做到让对方乐于接受(在这方面可以说只有一个例外，那就是你是有意要激怒对方)。此外，还要注意适合对方的文化程度、专业水平等，使对方易于理解、易于接受。例如对文化程度不高的人，就宜尽量多用平易通俗的词语，而不要使用古奥的词语;对不熟悉某一专业的人，就不宜过多的使用该门类的专业术语。否则，“对牛弹琴”，于己于人都毫无益处。

4.语言色彩要符合特定的行文目的及内容性质的要求。如颁布政令的要庄重严肃;通报错误的要说理严正、义正词严;申请要求的要平和委婉;报喜祝捷的要热烈欢快，等等。《文心雕龙·诏策》里说：“故授官选贤，则义柄重离之辉;优文封策，则气含风雨之润;敕戒恒诰，则笔吐星汉之华;治戎燮伐，则声有洊雷之威;眚灾肆赦，则文有春露之滋;明罚敕法，则辞有秋霜之烈，此诏策之大略也。”这说的便是语言色彩与行文目的、内容性质的要求相符合的问题。

5.要符合应用文体的语体要求，体现所用语体的个性。应用文主要使用事务语体，而事务语体最大的特点是“平实”，即通俗易懂，质朴实在。这就要求我们在写作中坚持“辞达而已矣”的古训，要坚决反对堆砌词藻、生造词语、半文不白、古奥难懂、追求含蓄而流于晦涩、肆意夸大其辞、说空话废话等等现象。平实，是对应用文语言的总的要求。在这个总的要求下，不同的应用文体对语言的运用还有其具体的要求。如公文，其语言除了平实这一点以外，就还要求简明、庄重。因此在写作应用文时，语言的运用要注意符合不同文体的要求，也就是要体现出所用语体的个性。写作应用文，说什么、不说什么、怎样说、何时说等等，都要认真考虑。语言得体将有利于处理事务、沟通关系，达到预期的效果。而是否有利于处理事务、沟通关系，达到预期的效果，也是衡量语言运用是否得体的一把尺子。

以上着重从四个方面来提出应用文写作的基本要求——主旨要明确、内容要素要完备、行文要合式、语言要得体，可以说这是基本上符合应用文实用性、程式性这两大特点的客观要求的。

这次的英语考试我没有考好，主要原因还是归咎于我平时不够刻苦，没有在英语上面花上足够的时间。

我知道老师对于我有着很大的期望，可是我还是没有考好。对于这点我感到十分抱歉。但是既然犯了错误就要改正，所以，通过考试我也想了很多以后一定要学习的东西。 首先我要改掉考试不细心读题目的坏习惯。有时候我往往看着题目前面就顺手把后面的问题写上了，但是却错了很多。这也许也和答题技巧有关系。总之，通过以后的练习，我一定要在考试的过程之中认真审题，自习读题，把题目看准、看好。时间允许的时候要多检查几遍，绝对不允许自己再犯类似于这样的无谓的错误。

我们都知道，想在小升初英语写作拿高分，就要摸透老师的喜好，引起“读者”的注意。而在写作中句子偏长恰恰会适得其反，很容易让人漏听一、两个单词，影响对整个句子的理解，所以我们要教大家一些化繁为简的技巧——

1、巧用单个词：即用一个单词代替一组意义相同的单词。比如：

用forget(忘记)代替do not remember(没有记住)

用ignore(忽视)代替do not pay attention to(不注意)

用now(现在)代替at this point in time(此时此刻)

用because(由于)代替due to the fact that(鉴于下列事实)

2、省略同义词或近义词。比如在下面例句中，形容词important(重要的)和significant(有重要意义的)，就是两个同义词(也可以说是近义词)，我们可以省略important，只保留significant。

The government project is important and significant.(这项政府计划是重要的，有重要意义。)

The government project is significant.(这项政府计划有重要意义。)

3、在不改变句子含义的前提下，省略所有可以省略的单词。比如在下面例句中，the cover of the book(书的封面)可以省略成the book cover，is red in color(是红色的)可以省略成is red。

The cover of the book is red in color.(书的封面是红色的)

The book cover is red.(书的封面是红色的)

现在我们把这三种方法结合起来，将一个冗长、绕嘴的句子，改写成一个简短、易懂的句子。

University malls must be accessible and free from congestion in order that students, faculty and employees may have unobstructed passage through those areas of the campus.(校内道路必须是便于通行的，不拥堵的，以便让学生、教师和职员能够无阻碍地通过，到达校园的各处。)

University malls must be free enough from congestion to allow people to walk through easily.(校内道路不应当拥堵，以便人们顺利通行。)

4、用介词短语替代从句。比如：

原句：While they were playing tennis, she started an argument that lasted all morning.

修改后：During tennis she started an argument that lasted all morning.

原句：When you come to the second traffic light, turn right.

修改后：At the second traffic light turn left.

5、删除诸如"who is”或"that is"之类的关系代词，变从句为短语。比如：

原句：The novel, which is written in three parts, told a story that took place in the Middle Ages.

修改后：The three-part novel told a story set in the Middle Ages.

注：把句中的"three parts"改用形容词来表达，节省了四个不必要的单词"which is written in"。我们经常可以将关系代词如"that"去掉，这只会引起最少的变动。