写好初中英语作文的技巧(精彩20篇)

I have a happy family, there are three people in my family, my father, my mother and I. I go to school from Monday to Friday, on the weekends, I will go out with my parents, they always take me to different restaurants, we will taste different food. At night, my mother will tell me a story, then I can have a good dream, I love my family life.

【自我介绍—】，亲爱的同学们今天浅陌要和大家分享自我介绍范文。

Self-introduction

Good morning, everyone! My Name is Lu Xin. I am so happy to stand in front of you to introduce myself. I am thirteen years old. I graduated from the No.1 Primary School of our city. I like reading books and playing badminton. I hope we can take exercises after class. Besides, I like watching movies and listening to pop music. I am sure there are some classmates have the common interests with me. Therefore, we can communicate with each other. In primary school, I did well in Chinese but math is not so good. I hope I can make progress in middle school. I am very excited to be a classmate of you初中生物 and I hope we can make progress and have good days together.

大家早上好！我叫卢欣，很高兴能够站在大家面前介绍自己。我今年13岁，毕业于我们市的第一小学。我喜欢阅读和打羽毛球。我希望课后我们能够一起运动。除此之外，我喜欢看电影和听流行音乐。我相信有同学和我有共同的兴趣。因此，我们可以相互沟通。小学的时候，我的语文很好，但是数学就没那么好了。我希望在初中能够取得进步。我很激动能够成为你们的同学，并且我希望我们可以一起进步，过得开心。

初中英语语法大全之many和much用法

【—之many和much用法】关于英语语法中many和much用法知识，同学们认真看看下面的讲解。

In my hometown, the scenery is very beautiful, as I am so close to the nature, I can see the scenery clearly. The house I live in is in front of the mountain, so I can see the sunset every day, that is the scenery is like to appreciate most.

When the dusk comes, the sunset is going down the mountain, I will stand in my garden, watching the sunset going down.

The sunset will become more and more red as it goes down the mountain, when the dark comes, the sunset will disappear. I like to watch the sunset, I feel I am so close to the nature and I blend myself in it.

在我的家乡，景色非常的优美，由于我是如此的接近大自然，因此我能清楚地看到景色。我所住的房子就在山的前面，因此我能每天看到日落，那也是我最喜欢欣赏的风景。当黄昏到来的时候，太阳就会下山，我会站在花园前，看着日落下山。日落在下山的时候会变得越来越红，当天黑了，日落就会消失。我很喜欢看日落，我觉得自己是如此的接近大自然，也融进了大自然。

[初中英语作文：傍晚的景色

I love weekend, because I can do many things. I can read books, watch TV

and play some games……

OnMonday, I went to school by bike and played computer games.

After nine o’clock, I went to zoo with my parents and saw lots of

animals.

On Wednesday, I went to Cheng gu visited my cousins and my uncle. On

Thursday, I went to library read books.

Friday is my favourite day, I was very happy! Because I saw a film with my

best friend, Webought many books.

On Saturday, I listened to music and watched TV. Today is Sunday, I don’t

like this day, because tomorrow I will go to school.

What a busy week!

According to the report that most children in the family don’t have to the housework, because their parents have done all the work for them. When students go to middle school, it means they are not the little girls and little boys anymore, they have grown up and it is time for them to learn to be independent. Doing the housework and reducing the parents’ burden help the children to be mature, what’s more, the parents should not overprotect their kids all the time, they can give some jobs to the children and lead them to be independent. Doing the housework is not a big deal, but it is the attitude to life.

据报道,大多数孩子在家里不用做家务,因为他们的父母为他们做了所有的工作。当学生进入中学,这意味着他们不是小女孩和小男孩,他们已经长大了,是时候让他们学会独立。做家务和减少父母的负担帮助孩子成熟,更重要的是,父母不应该过度保护他们的孩子,他们可以给孩子们一些工作,让他们独立。做家务不是一个大问题,但它是一种对生活的态度。

this year‘s summer vacation was most enjoyable. i spent fifteen days helping my grandparents doing farm work in the countryside， where i saw mountains fields covered with green plants. sometimes i went swimming in the river to the west of the village， the water in which was quite clear.

i kept a diary every day. besides doing farm work， i help the children in the neighborhood with their lessons. all of them showed interest in english. they could read write wellthey could hardly understand simple english. so every day in the morning i spent about two hours helping them improve their listening spoken english. they all made great progress. their parents all thought highly of me. i now realize that knowledge is very needed in the countryside.

[暑假日记初中英语作文

Mother is the most important person to us. Now people celebrate Mother’s

Day every year. It has become more and more popular. This day is on the second

Sunday in May. On that day, children often send their mother flowers to express

their love. And some children make small gifts for their mothers.

In last years Mothers Day, I didnt spend it with my mother because she

was in the hometown and I was at school, which made me feel ashamed. At night, I

called my mother. At that time, I left my tears, and my mother told me that I

should study hard at school. In the end, I said to her “Happy Mother’ Day, I

love you" and she was very surprised and happy.

应用文是人们日常生活中广泛使用的文体。它最突出的特点是它的实际应用性，应用文包括很广，如书信、通知、日记、海报、便条、启事、请柬、电报、合同等。应用文的语言应使用规范语言，重在实用，力求朴实、准确、简洁。

一、书信

书信我们分为两部分：信封和内容。

1、信封的写法。

英语信封正面的左上角，写发信人的姓名和地址。在信封的正面中央偏左一点，写收信人的地址和姓名。

英语信封上的地点名称由小到大，视其长短可占二至五行不等。

寄信人只写姓名，不写头衔。但是，收信人一般都在名字前加上头衔，以示礼貌和尊敬。对于没有官衔和学衔的人士，通常在姓名前写上Mr., Mrs.,或Ms.。

信封的写法，一般来说，很少出现在中考英语的作文中。

2、内容。

英文信一般可以分为下列几个部分。

1)信端(Heading)即写信人的地址和发信日期。

2)收信人姓名地址

3)称呼

4)信的正文

5)结束语

6)签名

有的时候，出题者会让考生写e-mail。e-mail的写法和书信的写法基本一致。只不过少了书信在信封上的繁琐。

二、发言稿

发言稿要注意以下三点：

1、发言的地点

2、发言的对象

3、发言的内容。

三、通知

通知的正文一般都是写在"Notice"以词之下，一般来说不必写称呼语和结束语。出同时的单位名称可以写在notice之上，也可以写在正文的右下角。

正文一般采用文章式，有时为了醒目，也可采用广告式。广告式要力求简明扼要，一个句子可分几行。每行第一个字母一般要大写。

四、启事

启事是一种公告式的应用文。团体或个人如有什么事情要向大家公开说明或对公众有什么要求，可将要说的话写成启事，张贴在布告栏上或登在报刊上。启事一般无固定格式，要求简明扼要即可。

五、海报

海报是一种带有装饰性的宣传广告。有时配以绘画图案。内容以影讯、展览、演出信息、友谊赛等为主。为了尽可能使更多的人知道，海报往往贴在醒目之处。

Born on 7th March, 1915 in Australia, Allan Stewart got his first degree in 1936 and several years later he became a Doctor of Medicine.

In his eighties he decided to study law and then he got his master’s degree in 2006 when he was the oldest one, setting a world record. In 2012 he received his fourth degree by means of e-learning. He was always good at arranging hid reasonable time of learning, and therefore his teachers appreciated him very much.

He firmly holds his views that he will challenge himself and never too late.

出生于1915年3月7日的澳大利亚人艾伦·斯图尔特在1936年获得第一个学位，几年后他成为了一位医学博士。

在他80多岁的时候，他决定学习法律，然后他在2006年取得了硕士学位，在当时他是获得该学位中年龄最大的一位，并创造了世界纪录。2012年，通过网络学习他取得了第四个学位。他总是善于合理安排学习的时间，因此他的老师非常欣赏他。

他坚持他的观点，那就是他在挑战自我的路上，永远为时不晚。

Of all the colors, I love white best. White is the color of snow and cloud.

Snow in winter is clean,pure and holy. When it is melted, it moistens everything

and the whole earth. White clouds are hanging on the blue sky. We can dream a

lot on such a nice day. White is a color of purity and calmness. It can make a

harmony picture with any other colors. This is white, a selfless color.

China

has a very long and brilliant history, whose people are so friendly and

hospitable. But I am wondering why some people pay such little attention to the

environment and nature. In many places of the countryside, rivers have become

stinking sewers and brooks have disappeared. Heaps of garbage obstructs the

scarce flow of dirty water. The grounds are littered with plastic bottles and

bags. People are cutting down trees even though it is illegal. In some towns,

rubbish is hidden behind walls. Garbage cans are often of little use, making

cleaners must rush all day long and also by night to clean the rubbish.

以 My Chinese Teacher 为标题写一篇字数为80-100之间的英语短文。提示内容如下: 1、孙老师今年36岁,中等身材。 2、她关心。热爱学生,工作认真负责。 3、她语文课讲得生动。有趣。 My Chinese Teacher Of all the s

以My Chinese Teacher为标题写一篇字数为80-100之间的英语短文。提示内容如下:

1、孙老师今年36岁,中等身材。

2、她关心。热爱学生,工作认真负责。

3、她语文课讲得生动。有趣。

My Chinese Teacher

Of all the subjects, I like Chinese best because I have a good Chinese teacher. Though she has been teaching us for only three years, I respect and love her very much.

My Chinese teacher is thirty-six years old and she is neither tall nor short.

Ms Sun works very hard. She is always the first to come and the last to leave her office. She tries to make her classes lively and interesting. And we enjoy her lessons very much.

Ms Sun is very kind and friendly to us. And were getting on well with each other. But she is very strict with us in our studies.

Ms Sun teaches us so well that we all enjoy learning Chinese. All the students think she is one of the most popular teachers in our school.

[我的语文老师初中英语作文

Whenit comes to online shopping, different people holds different ideas towards it.Some people seem extremely enjoy the way of buying things online because theyfeel online shopping is so convenient. Some just don’t believe that they can buygood quality commodities from Internet. As far as I’m concerned, I think onlineshopping creates lots of benefits to people.

Firstly,buying things online is a way of saving time. Compared with the traditional wayof shopping, we have no need to go out to pick up our favorite goods from storeto store. Just a click, we can have things in our shopping cart and just waitfor the goods to be delivered to us. To this extent, not only we can save thetime of finding things from store to store but we don’t need to spend time ontransportation. Thus, we can save lots of time to enjoy fun.

Secondly,buying things online can save our money. People buy commodities by Internet notonly because it saves us time, but also, we can save lots of money. It is oftenseen that some people just go to the physical store to check out thecommodities they want to buy and then they would search for their favoritecommodities online and take the order. People do this just because they knowthat online goods are usually cheaper than the goods displayed in shop windowbecause online shop have no need to pay the rent. So, people are more inclinedto buying things from online store.

Thirdly,convenience is the last but not least thing of shopping online. Since we canbuy things online, there is no need to go out to look for things we want tobuy. What we need to do is to simply sit before our computer, search for thingswe want to buy, click our favorite thing and then pay our order by our bankcard. And then, you just need to wait for your goods to be delivered to yourhome.

Inconclusion, shopping online is a convenient, time-saving and money saving wayof buying things. Therefore, we can benefit a lot from shopping online. That’sthe reason of why shopping online has developed faster and faster in recentyears.

I will be a middle school student soon. when I look back on my pass days, I

find myself don’t make a difference, I play most of the time and don’t focus on

my study. Now I make up my mind. In the future days, I must study with all my

heart and learn as more as possible. So that I can store something for the

future.

中考说明文阅读知识要点及答题技巧

一、什么是说明文

说明文是客观地说明事物特征，阐明事理的一种文体，目的是给读者以科学的知识、科学地认识事物的方法。

二、说明文的分类：

１、说明对象与说明目的的不同：事物说明文和事理说明文。事物说明文旨在介绍某一事物的形体特征，如《中国石拱桥》；事理说明文旨在解释事物本身的道理或内部规律地，如《花儿为什么这样红》.

2、根据说明语言的不同特色的不同：平实的说明文和生动的说明文两种。生动的说明文又叫文艺性说明文（科学小品文或知识小品文）。

3、按写作方法分：

（1）、介绍性说明文：一般是介绍实体（如建筑、用品等）事物，如《中国石拱桥》。

（2）、描述性说明文：说明与描写结合，形象、具体地说明事物，具有一定文艺色彩，如《看云识天气》。

（3）、记述性说明文：说明结合记述，常用以说事物的发展或生产、操作过程，如《从甲骨文到缩微图书》。

（4）、阐释性说明文：说明结合议论，阐释抽象的事理，如《向沙漠进军》。

三、说明文的特点

1、以说明为主要表达方式，兼用叙述、描写、议论等其它表达方式。

2、以解说或介绍事物的形状、性质、成因、构造、功用、类别等或物理含义、特点、演变等为主要内容。

四、说明方式。从语言的表达方式看，说明方式分为：平实说明和生动说明

1、平实说明：就是用通俗、准确的语言客观的说明事物。

2、生动说明：就是用生动、形象的的语言说明事物。在说明事物时，多运用形象性的动词、形容词和多种修辞手法，有时在说明时为了让读者对说明对象有一个全面的了解，还往往引用神话故事、传说和历史故事。大多数说明文采用生动的说明方式。

五、说明顺序。常见的说明顺序有：时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序

1、时间顺序：时间顺序是以时间的推移说明事物的变化过程，即以时间的先后安排说明内容，介绍事物的发生、发展、演变，事物的制作步骤、制作过程。主要特征是用一些表示时间顺序的词语。

2、空间顺序：按被说明对象的空间存在形式，或自上而下，或由前到后，或从外到内，或由某一中心点向四面扩散式的进行说明。如《故宫博物院》、《雄伟的人民大会堂》。

3、逻辑顺序：按照事物内部的联系或人们认识事物的过程、规律进行说明的一种顺序。常见有十种逻辑顺序：

①由现象到本质；②由特点到用途；③由原因到结果；④由整体到部分；⑤由主要到次要；⑥由概括到具体；⑦由具体到抽象；⑧由简单到复杂；⑨由特殊到一般；⑩由分析到综合。

六、说明结构说明文的结构一般有两种：

1、总分式：（事物说明文常用的结构形式）（1）总—分，如《苏州园林》（2）总—分—总，如《故宫博物院》

2、递进式：（事理说明文常用的结构形式）各层之间的关系是由浅入深、由表及里、由现象到本质。各层之间的关系是递进的。如《向沙漠进军》。

分析说明文结构的方法：理清段与段、部分与部分之间关系。认清段与段、部分与部分是

怎样组合的，是并列关系还是递进关系。

七、说明方法：举例子、分类别、打比方、列数字、作比较、下定义、作诠释、摹状貌、画图表。

1、分类别：说明事物的特征，往往需要根据其性质、功用等不同的标准、角度，把事物分成若干类别，分别加以说明。如《看云识天气》按光彩分：晕、华、虹、霞。

2、举例子：运用有代表性的例子说明事物或事理的方法。这种方法可以收到对事物认识具体、印象深刻的效果。如《中国石拱桥》在写出了石拱桥的三大特点：历史悠久，形式优美，坚固耐用后，以赵州桥和卢沟桥为例说明，使读者对中国石拱桥三大特点认识具体化、形象化。

3、打比方：运用比喻的方法对事物和事理进行形象化的说明。可以增强说明的形象性、生动性。《看云识天气》中“有时象一片白色的羽毛，有时象一块洁白的绫纱”，运用打比方的方法，不但使卷云的特征更为具体鲜明，而且生动优美。

4、列数字：运用数字来说明事物的方法。数字说明分用确数和概数（约数）。确数，用准确的数字资料加以说明；概数，用概数对事物作准确说明。有些事物用具体数字加以说明更容易突出事物的特征。《中国石拱桥》中“赵州桥非常雄伟，全长50.82米，两端宽9.6米，中部略窄，宽9米。”文中用一系列数字说明，准确具体。

5、作比较：用相关联的相同或相反的事物进行对比的一种说明方法。作比较有横向比较（类比对比）和纵向比较两种，作比较说明更益于把事物或事理说清楚，给读者留下深刻的印象。《大自然的语言》中有这样一段文字“我国大陆性气候显著，冬冷夏热。冬季南北温度悬殊，夏季却相差不大。在春天，早春跟晚春也不相同。如在早春三四月间，南京桃花要比北京早开20天，但是到晚春五月初，南京刺槐开花只比北京早10天。所以在华北常感到春季短促，冬天结束，夏天就到了。”其中用了举例子和作比较。

6、下定义：用判断句对事物的本质特征作简明、概括的说明，就是给事物下一个准确定义，来说明事物的本质属性。如：食物就是一种能够成躯体和供应能量的物质；叶绿体吸收了太阳的光能，把二氧化碳和水合成为含有高能的有机物质，同时放出了废气——氧，这就是光合作用。《食物从何处来》作用：使读者对概念有确切的了解。

7、作诠释：对所说明的对象的属性进行解释、说明，使人们获得明确、清晰的认识。如“几十年前，人们发现地壳是由一些紧密拼合在一起但又在缓慢运动的大板块构成的。一些板块被拉开，而另一些则挤压在一起，一个板块也许会缓慢地向另一板块下面俯冲。”《恐龙无处不在》。这段文字，对“板块构造”说进行了诠释。

8、摹状貌：用描写的方法，摹写事物情状的方法。如“每个柱头上都雕刻着不同姿态的狮子。这些石刻狮子，有的母子相抱，有的交头接耳，有的像倾听水声，有的像注视行人，千态万状，惟妙惟肖。”《中国石拱桥》

9、列图表：通过画图、照片或列表的形式对事物进行说明。

10、引用：引用经典、文献、名言、诗词、歌谣、传说等进行说明。作用：能使说明的内容更具体、更充实。增添文章的趣味性、艺术感染力。

八、说明文语言的准确性:表示时间、空间、数量、范围、程度、特征、性质、程序等，都要准确无误。如何体会说明文的准确性呢？

1、通过确切的数字，体会说明文的准确性。如《死海不死》中有这样一句话：“最近十年来，每年死海水面下降四十到五十厘米。”确切的数字用语科学准确的反映出死海的前景。

2、通过表示揣测、估计的词语，体会说明文语言的准确性。如《中国石拱桥》中“旅人桥大约建成于公元282年，可能是有记载的最早的石拱桥了。我国的石拱桥几乎到处都有。”文段中加横线的词语都是表示估计、揣测的词语。

3、通过抓修饰限制性词语，体会说明文语言的准确性。如《向沙漠进军》中“征服沙漠的

最主要武器是水。”“最主要”修饰武器，明确的表明水是征服沙漠的根本武器。

九、说明文的中心句与支撑句

1.中心句：段落里能体现中心的句子。往往位于段首或段中或段末。有时段中没有现成的中心句，但是有中心，可以通过阅读概括出来中心句。

2.支撑句：对中心句起支撑作用的分析、解释、举例的句子

中考说明文考试内容和目标要求

1、对文章内容的整体把握，对文章主要信息的筛选概括；2、对说明对象及其特征的把握；3．对说明结构及其顺序的理解与把握；4．对说明方法及其作用的辨析与分析；5．对重要词、句的理解及对说明语言的品味；6．根据选文内容联系生活实际或经验进行联想、想象；7．对文章中所体现的科学精神和思想方法的感悟与评价8．对文本与链接材料进行综合理解。

——近年来中考说明文

内容更关心环境保护、高科技或身边的人文环境。

说明文的阅读、解题步骤

一、通读全文，整体感知

1、读标题，明确文章大致为哪一类型的说明文。

2、读全文时，一定要逐段读懂。标出体现段落的重点信息的词、句。据此：

①把握说明对象及其特征或文章要说明的主要内容；

②分析段与段之间的关系，理清说明顺序，把握说明文的结构层次。

③标出文章所使用的说明方法。

3、把握说明文的中心。——整体感知说明文，就是从整体入手，大处着眼，把握说明文的重要信息、行文特点、主旨等，对文章能有一个基本的总体认识。

二、认真审题，把握题干中的重点信息，迅速找准解题的方向。

1、注意提干中修饰、限制性的词语

2、明确括号中的要求

3、理解题目意思和考点所在，避免盲目性

三、带着问题，回读文章，在文中寻找解题的思路或答案。

在第一遍通读全文时，我们对各段的所说明的主要内容就有了印象。这样，我们回答问题时候，再回读文章时，就能很快找出答题的范围和对应句，以帮助我们快速解题，写出答案。要注意的是有些题目在题干中就明确了在哪一段中寻找答案。

说明文阅读的主要试题类型

一、内容概括题型，二、结构分析题型，三、信息提取概括题型，四、词句理解题型，五、说明方法运用题型。

一、内容概括题型

【题型分类】

1、对某一段或某几段内容的概括

2、对相关内容的概括

3、给概括出的内容找对应段落

【题型示例】

例1：北京市语文中考课标B卷“人禽流感”第16题第②要说明的主要问题是什么？——禽流感存在着人人相传的迹象，并造成人员死亡。

【方法技巧】

1、找段落中心句或关键词、关键句；

2、结合段落中说明特征或几方面的说明内容进行概括。

3、结合标点，尤其注意有分层作用的分号、句号，归纳层意，并进行综合概括。

4、对语段中的关键词、句，摘要联合，并简明的表达。

二、结构分析题型

1、着眼全文，是从哪几个方面来介绍说明对象的；

【方法技巧】

答这种题型，首先要对每一段的内容了解，并能对其进行归纳和概括。也有的需要在逐段概括要点的基础上，用“同类合并”的方法，把全文划分为相对独立的几部分，概括出每部分的大意，就能比较清楚地显示出全文是从哪几个方面来进行说明的了。

2、能否调换段落的顺序；

3、文章结构：说明文的结构一般有两种：1、总分式；2、递进式（现阶段，以总分总式最为多见。先总写说明对象的特征，然后分写说明对象的特征。）

【方法技巧】

1、要准确理解文章局部或整体的说明顺序。

说明顺序：时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序。近几年说明文选段多为科技类说明文，此类说明文一般是事理说明文居多，故多用逻辑顺序。

2、不能调换段落顺序的理由是。

（1）原文采用由……到……的顺序介绍事物，调换后不合逻辑。

（2）总分关系中分说部分与前文总说部分顺序相照应。

（3）一句话中某两三个词的顺序能否调换？为什么？

不能。因为（1）与人们认识事物的（由浅入深、由表入里、由现象到本质）规律不一致

（2）该词与上文是一一对应的关系（3）这些词是递进关系，环环相扣，不能互换。

3、某一段落在全文的作用，或能否删去某段。

【方法技巧】

（1）立足全文，准确理解全文的结构特点；

（2）理清段与段之间的关系

（3）对局部内容在全文中的地位及作用做出阐述，并根据说明的顺序说明是否删掉的理由。

（4）判断说明的顺序：时间、空间、逻辑

三、信息提取概括题型

【题型分类】

1、说明对象：答题技法：看题目或首尾段。事物说明文一般标题就是说明的对象；事理说明文找准开头结尾的总结句。事理说明文指出说明内容，形成一个短语：介绍了……的……(对象加特征)。（《病毒》一文的说明对象：病毒的危害）,需要强调的是，大多数说明文题目就是说明对象。

2、说明对象的特征：答题技法：尽量从原文中找原词原句，注意段意、中心句。每一段的开头或者结尾尤其是第一段的开头和结尾可多留意。

（1）直接找出说明事物的特征的句子。

对策：A、看题目B、在首段中找C、抓关键词句（比如：运用了说明方法的语句、中心句）

（2）概括说明事物的特征

对策：分析文章结构，抓中心句及连接词，如“首先”“其次”“还”“也”“此外”等词语

3、给被说明的对象下定义；

4、从几句话中提取概括信息；

5、从一个段落中提取概括信息；

6、从几个段落或全篇中提取概括信息

【方法技巧】

1、对重要的信息筛选整合及运用“定义”的方法说明事物，下定义要求准确、严密，语言应简明，常用的是判断句的形式，即“xx是xx”的句式。注意和作诠释作区分。

2、（1）要根据题目的指向意义，明确在文中搜索信息的范围；（2）有的要求筛选的信息可能只涉及几句话，也有的可能涉及到一段甚或几段乃至全篇。有些信息，直接在筛选范围中摘录即可获取，但有的信息不是直接传递的，而需对该确定范围的内容进行归纳、整合后才能获得。（3）将提取的内容进行优化与整合，最后以简洁、恰当的语言加以归纳。

四、词句理解题型

【题型分类】

1、理解重要词语在具体语境中的含义和作用；

2、重要代词所指代的内容；

3、理解重要句子在文章中的意义和作用。

【方法技巧】

1、对重要词语、句子的在理解都要结合具体语境进行分析理解。

2、从文段中找出指代的内容，方法一般是从该代词的前面看这个代词所指的内容。

3、常见代词：“这样、这、这种、那、这些、那些、其他、以上、如此、此…”的指代义，多指代上文距其最近的一句或几句内容。一般是往前找，找到之后，将找到的内容放在指代词所在句中读一读，看是否适当通顺

五、说明方法运用题型

【题型分类】

1、判断运用的说明方法，并说明其作用

2、画线句子运用说明方法及其作用

3、选择一种运用说明方法的句子，说明其作用

4、引用传说、故事、诗句、名联、谜语等的作用

【方法技巧】

1、明确常用的10种说明方法及其作用：举例子、列数字、作比较、分类别、打比方、下定义、作诠释、引用、摹状貌、列图表等。

（1）举例子：具体形象的的说明了（说明对象）的…特征。（多直接说明前面的一句话）

（2）列数字：科学准确的说明了…的…特点。使说明更有说服力。

（3）分类别：条理清晰的说明了…的…特征；对事物的特征/事理分门别类加以说明，使说明更有条理性。

（4）作比较：清楚明白的说明了…的…特征（地位、影响等）

（5）打比方：生动形象的说明了…的…特征，增强了文章的趣味性。

English is one of my best subjects and I started learning English when I

was ten years old.

But at the very beginning, listening seemed a little difficult for me. So I

have been doing a lot of listening practice, such as listening to tapes,

watching English TV programs. And I found it really helped a lot. In fact, there

are some more helpful ways to learn English well. For example, I enjoy singing

English songs and I want to join an English club or find a pen pal from

English-speaking countries.

I believe that nothing is impossible if you put your heart into it.

Hi, everybody! Today, I would like to introduce myself!

My name is ChengZiYing, 9 years old this year, I am a lovely little girl. I have a pair of watery eyes, a pair of big ears, a straight nose, a plausible mouth, a tender little face, have a black long hair on his head. Oh, regardless of appearance! Tell me about my hobby, advantage!

I often help my mother do housework at home, I also can play the piano! Ill play the song: "Mr. Red rope", "river bank Mongolia folk song", "dream wedding", "the moon represents my heart". Sometimes, when I was at home all right, will create their songs to play, and the lyrics!

I am very obedient at home, this is me, do you understand me? If you still dont understand, that is quick to make friends with me!

[初中英语作文：自我介绍

Man’s life is a process of growing up, actually I’m standing here is a

growth. If a person’s life must constituted by various choices, then I grow up

along with these choices. Once I hope I can study in a college in future,

however that’s passed, as you know I come here, now I wonder what the future

holds for me.

When I come to this school, I told to myself: this my near future, all

starts here. Following I will learn to become a man, a integrated man, who has a

fine body, can take on important task, has independent thought, an open mind,

intensive thought, has the ability to judge right and wrong, has a perfect

job.

Once my teacher said :” you are not sewing, you are stylist; never forget

which you should lay out to people is your thought, not craft.” I will put my

personality with my interest and ability into my study, during these process I

will combine learning with doing. If I can achieve this “future”, I think that I

really grow up. And I deeply believe kindred, good-fellowship and love will

perfection and happy in the future.

We are always educated to be kind and helpful, so when we see others in

trouble, we should give them a hand. But nowadays, some the bad guys make use of

people’s kindness to do criminal things. Recently, an article about a father

called on people to help her sick daughter was widespread in Wechat. Most people

had transported to let more people know. But later the media exposed the fact

that the father was rich and he wrote this article just to catch more fans.

Until then people were angry as they were cheated. The public condemns the

cheating behavior. The warm hearts should not be used of. It needs to be

cautious when people see the information about asking for help.

Today the quality of our natural environment has become an important issue.

The world population is rising so quickly that the world has become too crowded.We are using up our natural resources and at the same time polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals.

If we continue to do this,life on earth cannot survive.Concerned people have made some progress in environmental protection.

Governments of many countries have established laws to protect the air,forests and sea resources and to stop environmental pollution.Still more measures should be taken to solve environmental problems.

People should be further educated to recognize the importance of the problems,to use modern methods of birth control,to conserve our natural resources and recycle our products.

We are sure that we can have a better and cleaner place in the future.

When we are chatting with our friends happily, suddenly if we are talking about the awkward topic, we need to do something to change this situation, what are we gonna do?

The answer is using your humor to make things seem easy, and then your friends won’t take your awkward topic seriously. Humor is very important, it can adjust the atmosphere, making things work easily.

Life needs humor, without humor, life would be boring. Foreign people like to make friends with humorous people, they can feel relax when they are chatting, while most Chinese people are always taking things too seriously.

I like to make friends with humorous guys, they make me feel life is easy, and we should positive about life.

当我们和朋友聊得很开心的时候，突然如果我们聊到很尴尬的话题，需要做一些事情来改变情形，我们该怎么做呢？答案是使用你的幽默来让事情看起来轻松些，然后你的朋友就不会把你尴尬的话题当真。幽默很重要，它可以调整氛围，让事情更好地运行。生活需要幽默，没有幽默，生活就会很无聊。外国人喜欢和幽默的人交朋友，他们聊天的时候可以感到很轻松自在，然而大部分中国人总是把事情看得很正式。我喜欢和幽默的人交朋友，他们让我觉得自由，对生活要积极。

[初中英语作文：生活需要幽默