关于介绍家庭的英语作文高中20篇

My hometown Nanchang is the Peoples Republic of China Jiangxi Provinces provincial capital, Chinese one of 35 super cities, has the essence or quintessence of things tianbao, the human outstanding earth deities since the ancient times fine reputation.It has more than 2200 years history and the deep cultural inside story, is the Peoples Republic of China State Council names the historical city.Not only Nanchang is the ecological environment exquisite the Chiangnan region of rivers and lakes, Communist Party of China it the colors raise place.Has the honor to receive many times the Peoples Republic of China"the nation cultured and civilized city", "the national health cityadvanced city", "the Chinese outstanding traveling city", "thenational two supports model city" the title.

Nanchang is situated at middle and lower reaches Yangtze River, westPoyang Lake the Nanan, is only 11 the provincial capital city whichwith southeast the Yangtze River delta, the Zhujiang Delta and Fujianthe economic zone adjoin west, receives opens, north-south north andsouth. Beijing nine, Zhejiang and Jiangxi provinces, the Anhui Jianxithree bar iron routes connect to this, is Beijing nine on-line theonly provincial capital city; 105th, 320, 316 federal highways gothrough vertically Nanchang; The Changbei international airport mayreach national each big city; The water transportation enters YangtzeRiver after Ganjiang River to leave East China Sea. Looked from theeconomic significance that, Nanchang has become international andeastern part the coastal developed area industry gradient shift idealarea.

Hello . friends ;

You are warmly welcomed to our school . Im Wu Dong . Im very glad to be your guide . First ， Id like to tell you something about our school . It was set up in 1957 . The number of students is over 1200 . and the teachers about 100 . There are altogether 20classes . Besides the teaching buildings . we have a library for different kinds of subjects . and a school-run workshop .

We have four classes in the morning and two in the afternoon . After classes . we join in various activities . such as ball games . painting . singing and dancing .

Now let me show you around our school . This way . please .

There is a saying that man proposes, god disposes, which means man plan the

things and the rest of the outcome lies in the luck. This saying reflects the

connection between hard-work and luck, which is though sometimes we have worked

so hard, luck occupies great position, the unexpected things happen and refrain

us from succeeding. In order to be successful, people work so hard, they believe

they can achieve their goals, but lacking luck stops them achieving their goals.

So working hard doesn’t mean bringing people success directly, they just need to

try more times, without luck, they still can make their goals. Luck can help

people close to success, without hard-work, they can’t be successful. Hard-work

and luck make people realize their goals, but without luck, people still can

make it by trying more times.

A Letter to My Dear Father

Dear father,

This Sunday is Father’s Day. I am very happy. I’m writing a letter for you now. But my classmates are playing games.

Today is rainy. Please take care. Do you know? My study is good. There fore, don’t worry about my study. I have a good news to tell you. I have won the second award at the piano competition. Are you happy ?

On the weekend, I usually go hiking on the Song Shan Lake. We are very happy. But after we walk for a long time, we feel a little tired. When the sun goes down, we return home. I like going hiking. What about you?

Happy Father’s Day to you!

Yours

Shiqi

"In the sound of firecrackers, the spring breeze warms Tu su." In the sound

of firecrackers again and again, we have successfully entered 2020, but in this

year, something unexpected happened - the discovery of a new type of coronavirus

in China. Now, more than 10000 people have been infected with the virus, which

has eclipsed Asian lions

But the virus didnt make us shrink back: when we learned that the epidemic

in Wuhan was extremely bad, many angels in white immediately gave up their

holidays and asked for their orders to go to Wuhan and choose to be a rebel.

Zhong Nanshan was one of them. In 2003, he was ordered to fight against SARS, 17

years later. In 2020, he came to the front again to fight against the new type

of pneumonia. He is 84 years old. He should have enjoyed life at home happily,

but he still sticks to the front line of anti epidemic. Like him, other doctors

and nurses give up the time of reunion with their relatives, fight against the

disease, eat the simplest instant noodles, and fall asleep when they are tired

at any place. They are all the most beautiful reversers. As the saying goes, no

matter what time is quiet, only someone is carrying a load.

Besides them, of course, volunteers have also made great contributions.

Many capable people donate money to Wuhan, such as masks and protective

clothing. A large number of rescue teams went to Wuhan to fight against the new

pneumonia. It is said that if one side is in trouble, all sides should support

it. On January 24, a non-woven fabric enterprise in a town had bright lights,

and the enterprise was putting full power into the production of masks. In order

to meet the needs of the epidemic, the workers who should have taken the leave

gave up the Spring Festival holiday and resolutely returned to work. The factory

director said the workers returned to work three times their wages, ensuring

240000 masks a day and providing materials for medical staff.

My name is Liu * * *. Because of the name, I used to call myself "the queen of stars" on the internet". Do not think that I am too arrogant, because the stars themselves are ordinary and shining, so I like them. Of course, I wish I could be one of many stars. If one day you meet a girl called star dance on the Internet, it must be me -- 11 years old, monkey, virgo......

Of course, I have with the stars very ordinary appearance: big eyes, but very bright; neither tall nor short nose; not too big or too small mouth; white skin, a not too long or too short tail pigtail, high up in the back of my head, flash flash, very naughty...... (but my mother cut my hair short now)

I have a wide range of hobbies, such as music, microcomputer, Mathematical Olympiad, english...... Well, theres one more thing you cant think of! Let me tell you, its cosmic exploration - Stonehenge, crop circles, aliens, for example...... In a word, I like everything that is unknown.

I particularly like music, since I was 6 years old, I began play the piano, less than nine years old, I was out of the piano six. When I played Mendelsohns "Venice Barcarolle", I feel like being in a ripple on the surface of the boat, the silence, the moonlight shines down, like scattered on the surface of mercury, flash, beautiful......

I also played the love guitar. I took two lessons and I started to play chords. I have learned many beautiful songs such as "years ago", "walking", "Red River Valley", "childhood" and so on......

You ask me why I love music so much, but I dont know. But when I was in the music melody, I felt great enjoyment.

I also like the Olympic math because it can develop my intelligence and keep my head spinning. A difficult problem is like a castle, although it is difficult to overcome, but as long as I use my head, you can feel the joy of success.

Of course, the United States must have shortcomings, my shortcomings is very sloppy, looking for something at home every day, today wearing a watch, tomorrow will not find it, what things are everywhere. Oh! My family cant help me. Dont look at me. Im careless in life. But I dont do it carelessly. I can check every question carefully. However, when occasionally careless, like what I do, because not carefully, the paper clearly requires simplification, but I made for the ratio! Miserable, dizzy, faint! Because of this, the teacher gave me 4 points. After several lessons, I must correct this bad habit in the future. The ox is not blowing! Trust me!

What exactly does it look like to me? In the future there will be three years to verify. I really really want to be the North Star - the brightest star in the sky, of course, and it takes a lot of effort. I hope that in the next three years, I can get along well with my teachers and classmates and break through the difficulties with my teachers and classmates!

Nine nine Chongyang， as with the "long" is a homonym， in the nine figures is the largest number， the meaning of life for a long time。 In ， our country the annual September 9 set as a festival for the elderly， cleverly combining traditional and modern， become respect for the elderly， and love for the elderly， help the elderly Festival。

This year the festival is coming。 For you， Chung Yeung Festival plan how had it? If you are a young person and Chung Yeung Festival this day you may gave the mom and dad a gift， or to travel， relax mood; or make a phone call to the home， let the warm greetings， a heart warming gift。 If you are an old man， you may have been a group of sympathy， or be invited to participate in activities。 Then Festival ended， but we do not like meishiren as the how how lead， must continue to show respect for the elderly， care for the elderly， care for the elderly。

Countries of the provisions of the Chung Yeung Festival this day is a festival for the elderly， the purpose of which is to use this to carry out activities to allow people to set up the consciousness of respecting。 The country has established a general acceptance of the festival， the important purpose is to remind the whole society for a certain thing， and not the only thing to do is to do。

Any activity that wants to be able to get the effect to be able to maintain a long enough time to show its significance。

In fact， the elderly are very simple， the park for a walk with the company， the weekend to go home for dinner， the phone call， can make them feel very satisfied and happy。

Parents should not only on this day， but also to remind himself， usually elderly care enough。 It is a year the Double Ninth Festival， from now let us more to care for the elderly， it is meaningful to the festival。

九九重阳，因为与“久久”同音，九在数字中又是最大数，有长久长寿的含意。年，我国把每年的九月九日定为老人节，传统与现代巧妙地结合，成为尊老、敬老、爱老、助老的老年人的节日。

今年的重阳节即将来临。对于你来说，重阳节计划怎么过呢?如果你是年轻人，重阳节这天你可能是送给了爸爸妈妈一份礼物，或者带他们出门旅游，放松心情;或者给家里打了一个的电话，让温馨的问候，成为暖心的礼物。如果你是老人，可能受到了一些组织的慰问，或者被邀请去参加活动。然后节日结束了，但是大家千万不要像没事人一样该怎么过就怎么过，一定还要继续尊敬老人，爱护老人、关心老人。

国家把重阳节这一天规定为敬老节，目的是用这种开展活动的方式来让人们树立尊老敬老的意识。国家设立一个社会普遍接受的节日，重要的目的在于提醒全社会对于某件事情的关注，而不是这件事情只有到了节日才想起来做。

任何一个希望能够获得效果的活动都要维持足够长的时间才能显示出它的意义来。

其实，老人们要求很简单，公园散步的陪伴、周末回家的晚餐、电话的问候，都能让他们感到无比的满足与幸福。

孝敬老人不仅仅要在重阳节这天，而且要时常提醒自己，平时对老人关心得够不够。又是一年重阳节，从现在开始就让我们更多地去关爱老人吧，那才是有意义的重阳节。

Last year my father lost his job.At that time my parents felt a bit sad.I encouraged my father and said I was old enough and could do something to help.In order to help my parents,I took a part time job on weekends in the KFC near my home.

Luckily,it didnt take long time for my father to find a new job in a company.With the money I earned through working I bought a pair of new shoes for my father to celebrate the good news.My parents were deeply moved.

I said,"We are a happy family whether we are rich or poor.

I have a happy family.Though there is only a little furniture in my home and everything in the rooms seems rather disorderly,I love my home very much.

My father is an engineer,nearly fifty years old.As a Party member,quite often he works late into the night.He even forgets himself when he is reading.Once when having supper,I found that the soup tasted watery.It soon became clear that my father,deep in his reading,had forgotten to put salt in the soup.

I have a kind mother.She is a primary school teacher.She loves her pupils and her job very much and puts all her heart into her work.All our clothes are made by tailors,for she is too busy to sew for us.As a housewife,she has to do almost all the housework.So she is the busiest one in our family.

We all keep a lot of books and we love reading.During our leisure time,reading is our main hobby.Evening is the happiest hour in our family.We usually sit in my parents room,reading and discussing everything were interested in.

I love my family.It not only gives me much happiness and warmth but also teaches me how to be a real man.

Good morning. It is my honour to come here for this interview.

First let me introduce myself to you. My name is Wendy. I am 17 years old, and was born in Jinan, Shandong Province. I was graduated from ** Middle School.

I am always studying hard, and I have achieved lots of fruitful results, including many certifications.

I am optimistic and open-minded. I have made a lots of good friends in my school.

In my spare time, I like reading and listening to the music. Sometimes, I also like to play basketball.

I hope I have the chance to enter the school. And I also believe that where there is a will, there is a way.

That is all. Thanks for your attention.

Good afternoon.Im very glad to be here.My name is ...,and my English name is Linda.Im twelve years old.Im living in a very beautiful city.There are four members in my family:my mother,my father,my sisiter and I.My sister is very lovly.Im very lucky to have a such happy family.My school is also very beautifu.There are lots of flowers and trees there.And air is clear.I get along well with my teachers and classmates at school.And English is my favourite subject.

My hometown is a really beautiful place and I love it so much.

Welcome to my hometown,Nanyang.

Thank you for listening.

I am a girl who loves life, is positive, optimistic and conscientious. In the study and life of high school, I not only learned a lot of knowledge, but also improved in all aspects. In the face of difficulties, I never go back, always start my mind, try to solve the problem and overcome the difficulties. And every solution to a problem, to overcome a difficulty, all of my confidence has been promoted. I believe that as long as there is enough confidence and double efforts, we will be able to overcome all kinds of difficulties and difficulties and lead to the other side of success. In the course of high school learning, I can take every course seriously, preview carefully, and review actively. When you have a problem, ask your classmates and consult your teacher. I will constantly improve the learning methods, find the most suitable learning methods, adjust the study plan, and arrange the time. I think of learning as a knowledge, to enrich my music, and to be full of interest in it.

I like music very much. I actively participate in chorus in school. In chorus team, we cooperate with each other, and compete for school, get excellent results, and win honor for school. And I am also very good at playing the guzheng, and I have won national awards. Through participating in the school choir, I deeply realized that doing anything requires not only enthusiasm, but also the spirit of conscientious and responsible and the spirit of cooperation with others. For individual competitions, it is necessary to take serious treatment, and more importantly, to practice more, so that it will not be unfamiliar.

Autumn, with the joy of harvest, with a cool atmosphere, with golden feet, quietly came. Autumn of the field, is the golden ocean, is a symbol of harvest, is the peasants uncle years of effort. Full of hearty smile everywhere. It is no exaggeration to say that the autumn field is a sign of harvest, a tree, a red glowing apple, a yellow pear, a purple grape, a sweet pomegranate, a curved banana and sour grapefruit. The fruit you fight me to fight, just listen to "boom" is heard, with a dewdish big red glowing apple fell from the tree down. Pomegranate smile grinned his mouth, belly to break, and that a crystal, gem-like, shining dazzling fruit dripping honey, greedy a few children saliva DC. They seem to say to people, "Come on! Come! Come and try!"

The peasant uncle took the sickle and cut it hard. The growers climbed up the fruit trees and took the fruits one by one and put them in a big basket. Said: "This is really a good harvest this year!" "Yes! You look at this fruit, that applause!" "You see you see, how a grain of millet full, alas, if the weather every year, harvest Good year after year!

Autumn field really beautiful ah!

My name is Simon. Im 24 years old now. Im from Changsha University. I

major in English, because I have the gift for language study.

In my opinion, English is well-known all around the world. If I can speak

excellent English, I could travel to everywhere in the world without language

barriers. Now I can speak English like an American. Most of my classmates always

envy my oral English.

I like traveling very much. Through traveling, I can widen my perspective

and know more about our world. Now I have been to so many cities, such as

Guangzhou, Zhuhai, and Zhongshan. These cities are nice, clean and modern.

I think Im easy-going and hard-working. When Im at work, I always try my

best to do everything well. I never let others do anything that I can do, and I

never put off todays work to tomorrow. When you have difficulties, I’m eager to

give you a hand if Im able to. I hope I can be your best friend.

I have a happy and happy family. Family members have "good girl" I. "Shopaholics" Mom and Dad "handyman". Now, let me make the next introduction!

In our clean home, "handyman" is indispensable, he is my father. Every day when I see something in my house is broken or something is dirty, my dad always comes forward. I remember once, my lamp is broken, I hurried to find dad, after my dad looked at me, immediately brought the tools, began to repair, with a sound bite Ling clang repair after the sound, my lamp repaired! I was just going to say thank you daddy, but Dad took the rag, wiped the lamp carefully, and asked me how? I see, which is used for the lamp, just like a new, I happily ran into her fathers arms, and said: "thank you dad!" Dad smiled happily.

Looking at a full wardrobe, big and small, brightly coloured clothes, and I think "shopaholics" mother shopping scene. One day at noon, I just finished lunch, my mother took me to Xidan without demur. I asked my mother, "Why are you in such a hurry?"" Mother said, "todays Xidan sale."." We ran to the third floor, bought 3 pieces of clothes, and then bought a basket of daily necessities, when I was like a deflated balloon, just want her mother to go home, my mother just went home unhappily.

Im a "good girl" at home". Every day after school, carefully finished homework, carefully checked, every day to help mom and dad do housework. In fact, this is not my instinct, I ah, the most care of people. I remember once my mother was ill, and it happened that my father was on duty. So I decided to take care of my mother. I made a tomato egg noodle for my mother first, and then gave it to her gently. My mother was moved, and I was happy too. After eating one mouthful, the mother stroked her head and said, "well, my daughter has grown up."!" At that time my heart. The second day, under my care, mothers disease has improved. When she meets people, she says Im a good kid, and Im embarrassed.

This is our family, a happy family.

I have a happy family, I grow up happily at home. Let me introduce my family members!

The first one to come on is my mother. My mother was a little fat, with a red face, a pair of curved eyebrows, a pair of bright eyes, a black hair, very beautiful. She likes comedies and surfing the Internet most.

My father is tall, with a high nose and a beard. Dad works a bit busy, but he still takes time to play with me.

Next, its me! Im not too tall and I have a ponytail. I like reading and playing.

This is my family, living a happy life every day!

My name is Li Yang.I graduated from Lanzhou University and majored Mechanical Engineering.

I was once a poor student of English,and it was my biggest headache and trouble-maker.I got sick and tired of learning boring grammar rules and lifeless words.

But through hard work in practicing speaking English and breaking away from the traditional grammar games,I found myself a totally different and exciting new world.Not only did I pass Band four and Band six College English Exams very easily with high marks,but importantly,I began to use English.

Finally,I developed a new Language Cracking System myself,I began to teach German not long after I started to learn this terribly difficult language in my own way.It was a miracle but I made it.英语口语自我介绍篇二

Hello everybody.My name is (Lily) .Im (twenty )years old. I live in (beijing)。I very love English. I read English every day. I yell English every day, My favorite sports are tennis and swimming.

I play tennis all the time since Im a child. My father is a doctor and my mother is a teacher. We are all interested in English. My parents want me to be an English thacher when I graduate. I hope we can be friends.lets help each other from now. 英英语口语自我介绍篇三

My name is XX .21years old. Graduated from XX school. My hobbies, such as reading extensively, dancing, singing, etc. I think English is very useful to us, because the world many people speak English, if I can speak good English, I can talk with them and with their friends.

So I hope to have the chance to exercise myself. In my home, my father has three people in the catering company work, my mother is a housewife, I sometimes very outgoing personality sometimes love quiet, I believe I can do this job. Glad to meet you can today.

I hope you can give me this opportunity, thank you。

On a moonlit night, our whole family sat around the yard, shared the nature and broke the peace of the whole night.

I suggested, "lets come to guessing the riddle." Everyone agreed. I wanted to give you guess, I casually said: "bite off the tail, guess a word." His brother hurried to say, "the" cow "removed the upper vertical noon of the noon? Your riddle is too simple. " I was proud to say, "youve guessed wrong. Im talking about a cow tail. Now and then, you get rid of the bulls head. Whats that?" At this time, everyone was laughed at. After my reminding, my brother suddenly realized, "I know, to remove the bottom of the cow, and change into mouth is notice ." I looked at my brother with a glare of praise: "smart ghost, right."

Then its time for mom to make riddles. She thought, "a Japanese, with a knife, killed a person, left four drops of blood, and guess a word." At this time, my brother just answer correctly, to chair up and fell, the mood of what makes us uproarious. The mother is carefree and content to nibbling the seeds. I think my mothers riddle is four words, it should be composed of four parts of the word, suddenly, I think of the answer, quickly said: "I know," according to the lighting is, Day mouth knife together as half part the four drop is four point bottom, right?" At this time I was proud.. the guessing game ended in a piece of laughter.

How wonderful and happy the night is!

在一个月光皎洁的夜晚，我们全家人围坐在院子里其乐融融，共享天伦，打破了整个夜晚的宁静。

我提议说：“我们来猜谜语吧。”大家一致赞同。先由我来给大家猜，我随口说道：“一口咬掉尾巴，猜一个字。”弟弟连忙说：“‘牛’去掉上面一竖不时中午的‘午’吗？你出的谜语太简单了。”我得意地说：“你猜错了，我说的是牛尾巴，不时牛头，你把牛头去掉，那算什么？”这时，大家都被逗得哈哈大笑。经过我的提醒，弟弟恍然大悟：“我知道了，把‘牛’的下面一竖去掉，换成‘口’就是‘告’。”我用赞许的目光看了看弟弟：“机灵鬼，答对了。”

接下来该轮到妈妈出谜语了，她想了想说：“一个日本人，拿着一把刀，杀了一口人，留下四滴血，猜一个字。”这时，弟弟因为刚刚答对了一题，高兴地把椅子一翘，摔了一跤，那狼狈不堪的样子逗得我们捧腹大笑。而妈妈却悠然自得地嗑着瓜子。我想，妈妈出的谜语是四句话，就应该是四个部分组成的字，突然，我想到了答案，急忙说：“我知道了，是照明的‘照’，‘日’‘刀’‘口’拼起来就是‘照’的上半部分，四滴血就是四点底，对吧？”这时的我得意极了······猜谜语游戏在一片欢声笑语中结束了。

今天的夜晚是多么美好，多么幸福啊！

This year is the 66th anniversary of the founding of new China! On October 1st， our whole family sit by the TV and waiting to watch early time big parade。

At ten o clock， the National Day military parade formally started， only saw many soldiers standing in front of tiananmen， navy， air force， army。。。 Stand straight， straight， like hits the forceful pine， President hus review。 The parade shows the motherland strong defense force， peaceful country and safe people， the motherland prosperity of beautiful landscape。

During the National Day， grandpa and I went to play in the humble administrators garden。 The car on the road， I saw the window renmin bridge garlands made of flowers on both sides， in the sunshine more bright beautiful， make the atmosphere of the National Day more strong! Walk in the small street to the humble administrators garden，Www. ZixueKaoShi .neT see stalls on both sides of the street with a red flag with five stars， to express the affection to the motherland。 Many foreign visitors to see the beautiful scenery heartfelt held out a thumb。 In the humble administrators garden is the chrysanthemum， chrysanthemum can be more color， yellow， red， white， colorful， beautiful!

The National Day make me deeper understanding of the motherland; A profound feelings for the motherland also; Make me more love my motherland China!

中文翻译：

今年是新中国成立66周年!十月一日这天，我们全家早早的坐在电视机旁等待观看盛世大阅兵。

十点钟，国庆阅兵式正式开始了，只看见许多军人站在天安门前，有海军、空军、陆军……都站得笔直笔直的，像一棵棵挺拔的青松，接受胡锦涛同志的检阅。整个阅兵式展示了祖国雄厚的国防力量，国泰民安，祖国繁荣昌盛的美好景象。

国庆期间，我和爷爷去了拙政园玩。汽车在路上行驶着，我看见窗外人民桥两旁用鲜花做成的花环，在阳光下更加亮丽，使国庆的气氛更加浓厚了!走在通往拙政园的那条小街上，看到街的两旁的摊位都插着五星红旗，表达对祖国的深厚感情。许多外来游客看见了这么美的景色由衷的伸出了大拇指。拙政园里有菊花，菊花的颜色可多了，有黄色的、红的、白的，五彩缤纷的，美丽极了!

国庆节使我对祖国的了解更深了，对祖国的感情也更深厚了，使我更加热爱我的祖国中国!

Clothes are so significant in our daily life that we cant live without

them, because they are useful in many ways. For example, clothes could keep us

warm in winter and protect our skin from the heavy sunshine in summer. Whats

more, Clothes make a man just as a saddle makes a horse. Everyday we wear

different kinds of clothes to make ourselves more attractive. Suppose if we wore

the same clothes all the time, our life would be so boring.

As far as Im concerned, I know some kinds of clothes, such as formal

clothes, casual clothes, evening wears and uniforms. In different situations, we

wear different clothes. For example, we wear formal clothes to go to meetings;

we wear casual clothes at home; we wear evening wears to attend evening parties,

and we wear uniforms at school or at work.

Nevertheless, I prefer casual clothes, because they are comfortable. And

they are also very cheap. When I wear casual clothes, I can do a lot of sports.

It’s so cool. By the way, red is my favorite color, since Ive got a white skin.

If Im in red, Ill look kind and friendly. So I always buy red clothes when

shopping.

As temperatures continue to drop in Northern China, many winter holiday resorts in the Jilin Province are seeing booming business.

At the Chagan Lake, people are skiing, skating and motor racing on the frozen terrain. The lake is located near the city of Songyuan. Meanwhile, in the city of Siping, the 4th Ice and Snow Tourism Festival is in full swing at the Yehe royal ski resort. Brave skiiers speed down the mountain, adding quite a bit of excitement to the atmosphere.

In Tonghua, thousands of tourists flocked to the Qianye Scenic Resort for some skiing, skating, and sleigh riding. The resort has seen a peak in numbers over the past weekend and more winter sports lovers are expected to arrive in the coming weeks.

The city of Yanji in eastern Jilin is also a hot destination for skiers. The Mengdu ski resort welcomes over 2000 skiers a day. The Jilin province has long been a popular tourist destination, especially for lovers of winter sports, and with the addition of more resorts and parks, the number of tourists is only expected to rise in the coming years.

一、形成性评价的概念

形成性评价(Formative Assessment)是美国评价学专家斯克里芬在1967年在其所著的《评论方法论》里提出来的。所谓的形成性评价是相对于传统的终结性评价(Summative Assessment)而言的，指的是对学生日常学习过程中的表现、所取得的成绩及所反映出来的情感、态度和策略方面的发展做出的评价，这种评价是通过对学生学习的整个过程持续观察、记录和反思之后得出来的。

形成性评价的目的是为了激励学生学习，帮助学生调控自己的学习过程。让学生获得成就感，增强其自信心和团结合作精神，让学生从被动接受评价变成一个评价的主体和积极参与者。形成性评价能够帮助教师了解学生的学习情况，从而制定下一步的教学计划。与终结性评价相比，形成性评价不只以考试成绩来衡量学生的学习情况，它更加灵活方便，也更加科学有效。形成性评价注重对学生学习行为和表现的评估，能够有效发挥学生的主动性和创造性，有利于培养学生的学习兴趣，也能够有效提高学生的自信心。

在英语口语教学中运用形成性评价，能够让学生在课堂中互相评价，增强学生参与课堂教学的积极性，在提高英语口语能力的同时体会到成功的快乐，形成一个教师与学生、学生与学生之间良好互动的课堂。形成性评价注重开发学生的创新能力和思考能力，而要培养这些能力就必须依靠坚持不懈的学习和运用来完成。

二、形成性评价的方法与工具

首先，一般而言，形成性评价的方法大致分为：自我评价、同伴互评和教师评价。

自我评价是指学生在学习的过程中就自己学习进程中的某个阶段性成果的总结和评价。自我评价是形成性评价中尤为重要的评价方法，只有通过自我评价才能尽力发挥其的主观能动性，积极主动地参与课堂教学活动。只有主观积极地参与课堂，就自己不同阶段的水平，才能更好地定位自己进一步的目标，并在课程初期、中期及末期分别给予自己相对客观中肯的评价，以促进下一阶段的学习。

同伴互评是指在课堂活动中，就某一活动进行同学之间的评价，评价包括学习态度、学习能力及学习方法的评价。在同伴互评的过程中，学生们可以相互探讨学习方法、交流学习心得、提出改进的建议和意见。同伴之间相互比较、竞争，相互取长补短，既增强了合作精神又促进了学习能力和学习效率的提升。同伴互评作为形成性评价重要的方法之一，其评价形式既增强了课堂的趣味性又增强了学生的学习自信心和学习热情。

课堂学习的主体是学生，但是学习评价的主体却是教师。形成性评价侧重过程教育，在教学过程中，根据需要调整教学计划和内容，该评价尤其重视学生与教师在课堂的共同参与度，而非教师“一言堂”。首先，教师在教学过程中设定好学生自我评价与同伴评价的量化标准，列好学生自我评价和同伴评价的核查表；其次，学生根据核查表才可有的放矢，对照核查表所列的内容一一检查，每节课后，客观公正地给予自己和他人中肯的评价；最后，结合学生自我评价和同伴评价的反馈结果，教师针对学生课堂上的表现，纵向对比某一特定学生评价前后的差异，或者横向比较某一特定组别在同一活动中每位学生各项指标的完成情况，同时，以多种形式反馈给学生并提出整改意见。因而，在教学的不同阶段，根据学生的能力发展状况，教师可适时调整评价方式，不断改进教学方法和教学手段。

只有将自我评价、同伴评价与教师评价结合在一起评价方式才能保证较好的教学效果，才能促进教育改革的进一步深化，真正达到以素质教育培养复合型人才的终极目标。

其次，形成性评价的行为评估工具有课堂观察、学生档案、座谈、问卷调查、访谈和对话周记等。如何运用以及怎样运用这些评价工具要根据所授课程、课程目标和授课对象等诸多因素做适当调整。

课堂观察是教学行为和技巧的基本方式。根据Genesee and Upshur(2001:79)的观点，教师在观察的基础上，可以评估学生已掌握和未掌握的内容。换言之，教师应该评估促进或阻碍学生学习的策略。与此同时，教师还可评估一些特定的教学策略的有效性，确定学生们欣赏哪些课堂活动和形式。课堂观察有助于教师更好地了解课程设计和学生需求的契合度。通过正式或非正式的观察，教师可掌握大多数学生对于教学安排的可接受程度，根据学生的需求改进或调整教学安排等，以提升教学效果。

“questionnaires and interviews can all be thought of as conversations between students and teachers”（Genesee and Upshur，2001:136）。如上所述，问卷调查和访谈都可被看作教师和学生间的对话，访谈和问卷调查是相似的，但决定使用访谈或者问卷调查可依据不同的教学目的。无论是哪种方式，都是老师和学生之间相对正式的会谈，这非常有利于老师对他的教学效果进行评估,诊断学生在英语学习遇到的困难，为学生寻找合适的解决问题,获得良好的学习策略和学习得到更多的进步。访谈和问卷调查设计应该根据学生的个人需求并符合教学目标。

对话周记作为教师和学生沟通的另一种方式，深受学生的喜爱。因课程设置和班级规模的不同，课堂观察、问卷调查及访谈都相对比较片面，而对话周记则可以关注到每个学生的不同需求。师生间定期通信，既增加了教师和学生之间的相互了解，增强彼此的信任，又能解决学生的个案问题，做到因材施教；同时，为了促进“教学相长”，学生可及时反馈教师的课堂教学，对于教师的教学提出较好的建议和意见。

学生档案是一个综合各项评估功能于一体的评估工具。它可以记录学生的成长、课堂变化且兼顾多种需要。如今，众多评价工具只把学生作为评价的对象，而评估的责任和任务的则落到了教师身上。但事实上，几乎没有一种评价工具能很好地管理学生活动并对其课堂行为负责。相比之下, 建立学生档案，需要学生亲力亲为；本着自我负责的原则，他们要更好地自我监督和控制，同时，在建档案的过程中，学生可以见证自己的进步与成长，增强学习的自信，提高学习的效果。

三、形成性评价对于英语口语教学的重要性与紧迫性

众所周知,教育评估在大学英语课程改革中扮演着相当重要的角色。英语教学的重点已从传播知识转移到培养能力。多年来，在中国，人们只注重英语写作和阅读的能力的提升，而一直忽视英语口语交际能力。多年来，教学评价已经被狭义理解为量化教学，而后进一步局限于教学测试。考试作为教学的终极目的，期末考试的成绩也就成为教师评价学生的最重要的依据。而对于口语课堂，单一的这种评估方式和依据增加了大多数学生的心理压力和少部分学生侥幸心理。考试成绩给学生很大压力，危害学生的发展，评估过程中，学生一直被动地参与，无法调动其积极性。当课程结束时，教师将得不到及时准确的学生反馈，无法改善评估方法以助于提高学生的英语口语能力。

“形成性评价源于诊断性测试。与终结性评价相比，形成性评价通过教学过程中多方面的评价发现问题，解决问题，强调过程性、目标性和学生学习的主动性。” (魏薇，2005) 鉴于终结性评价在口语测试评分中的片面性和主观性，大学英语口语表达能力的培养还是受到了这种终结性评价的制约。在大学英语口语教学中，形成性评价最重要的任务的是帮助教师监控学生英语口语的学习过程，提高学生的英语口语学习。如能将形成性评价的理论引入大学英语口语课堂教学与测试中，建立大学英语口语课程与形成性评价相结合的评估模式，则会推动大学英语口语教学和测试的改革进程。

鉴于口语课堂的特点，为了克服传统终结性评价对于口语课堂的制约性，形成性评价与大学英语口语教学相结合有其不可忽视的重要性和紧迫性。

首先，由于口语表达能力除了包含最基本的发音、词汇、语法能力还有语用能力、文化知识储备力等多项复杂的技能，而所有的这些技能无法在某一次测试中完全体现出来。因口语学习的最终目的是运用到相关学科、为了更好地促进国际交流。

而形成性评价尤其注重过程教学，这种评价将教学过程分成了诸多阶段，学生可在每个不同的阶段就自己的学习态度、发音、语言运用的准确性、流利程度以及课堂活动参与的积极性进行横向的同学互评和纵向的自我比较。一方面，横向比较可以找到彼此间的差距，互相帮助已达到各方面的提升；另一方面，学生可在整理学习档案的过程中，纵向比较自己前后阶段的学习情况，时刻了解自己在每个阶段的学习状况，在教师和同学的辅助下，运用不同的学习方法和策略，逐项提高自己的口语能力。 另外，教师在学生进行评价的过程中，可真实地参与并记录学生在各方面的真实水平。

其次，口语课堂实际上是教师与学生、学生与学生之间的互动交际。教师需要花费大量的时间设计口语活动、鼓励学生参与活动、监控课堂活动、诊断学生的需求和问题、记录学生的表现等。学生则在各种学习任务和活动中不断地练习、发现问题、纠正偏差。

与传统的终结性评价不同，形成性评价的最显著特征是评价的主体是学生，学生和教师共同参与课堂，缺一不可。根据多数学生的关注点，学生参与确定研究目标、评分标准和英语口语的性能评估。因而，他们了解每一项活动的任务和目标，他们可合理运用各种评价方式和工具，课前认真准备，课堂上积极参与，能与教师积极互动，课堂上客观地评价自己、同伴和教师。这不仅是一种评价过程，更是学生回归自我认同感的方式。学生增加了学习自信，在评价过程中不断积累经验，逐步获得学习成就感。教师亦可在与学生互动的过程中，更好地了解学生的知识掌握和课堂反馈情况，根据反馈适时调整教学方法。如此良性循环，既增强了课堂的趣味性又提高了学生的学习效率。

四、结语

形成性评价，作为正常教学和学习过程的有机部分，可以全面、客观、科学、准确地提供与其学习目标相关的重要信息，它有助于促进学生的个性化发展和外语教学质量的根本性提高。形成性评价其中的一个重要作用是培养学生良好的英语学习习惯。将英语形成性评价与口语教学紧密地结合在一起，能提高学生学习的兴趣并及时、准确、客观地反映学生的真实水平，使学生的英语口语能力稳步提高。通过采用具体的形成性评价方式，发展学生的自我评价与学生间相互评价的能力，以促进学生的自我反思与自我管理能力。从而提高学生自主学习意识与自主学习能力，并为他们养成终身学习的意识与习惯打下基础。