从句

1.I wont believe what he says.一般

No matter what he says, I wont believe.特殊

2.If you come back before six oclock, you can go out.一般

You can go out on condition that you come back before six oclock. 特殊

3 If she doesnt agree, what shall we do? 一般

Supposing that she doesnt agree, what shell we do ?特殊

It is common knowledge that honesty is the best policy.

It is well-known that…

It is self-evident/ conceivable / obvious / apparent that…

It goes without saying that…

It is universally acknowledged that…

It is / that

As is shown/ demonstrated/ illustrated/ depicted/ described…in the cartoon/ picture/ graph/ table…,

There are many reasons why I want to study in your university.

It is estimated that tens of billions of pounds is spent on cigarettes every year in our country, which is a huge waste.

A)如果你不……，你就会…… If you dont …， youll …

例︰If you dont keep working hard, youll lose the chance。

如果你不坚持努力工作，你就会失去这次机会。

B) 如此 ……，以至于…… so … that …

例：At that moment, I was so upset that I wanted to give up。

当时，我非常伤心，最后都想放弃了。

C) 每当我听到……我就忍不住感到兴奋。Whenever I hear …， I cannot but feel excited。

每当我做……我就忍不住感到悲伤。 Whenever I do …， I cannot but feel sad。

每当我想到……我就忍不住感到紧张。Whenever I think of …， I cannot but feel nervous。

每当我遭遇……我就忍不住感到害怕。Whenever I meet with …， I cannot but feel frightened。

每当我看到……我就忍不住感到惊讶。Whenever I see …， I cannot but feel surprised。

例：Whenever I think of the clean brook near my home, I cannot but feel sad。

= Every time I think of the clean brook near my home, I cannot help feeling sad。

每当我想到我家附近那一条清澈的小溪我就忍不住感到悲伤。

有时我们可以使用定语从句来对一个名词进行强调，如用the person who, the thing that, the place where, the day when, the reason why这样的结构，把需要强调的名词与定语从句连在一起。比较：

普通：Mary keeps pigs in the garden shed. 玛丽在花园的棚子里养猪。

强调：Mary is the person who keeps pigs in the garden shed. 玛丽就是在花园的棚子里养猪的那个人。(强调Mary)

强调：The garden shed is the place where Mary keeps pigs. 花园里的棚子就是玛丽养猪的地方。(强调the garden shed)

强调：The place where Mary keeps pigs is the garden shed. 玛丽养猪的地方是花园里的棚子。(强调the place where Mary keeps pigs)

一、定语从句概念

定语从句(attributive clause)，顾名思义，就是一个句子作定语从属于主句。定语一般是由形容词充当，所以定语从句又称作形容词从句。另外，定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的，故又称作关系从句。

定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后，这种名词或代词被称作先行词。请看示例：

The woman who lives next door is a teacher.

先行词 定语从句

在所有的从句中，算定语从句最难掌握，因为汉语里没有定语从句，汉语里只有定语，而且总是放在名词之前来修饰名词。

二、关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词代替前面的先行词，并且在定语从句中充当句子成分，可以作主语、宾语、定语等。常见的关系代词有：who, that, which。它们的主格、宾格和所有格如下表所示：

格

先行词 主格 宾格 所有格

人 who whom whose

物 which which whose of which

人、物 that that —

(一)关系代词who, whom和 whose的用法

who代替人，是主格，在定语从句中作主语。例如：

An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人。

I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first year of my senior middle school. 我将永远不会忘记在高一时教我们化学的那位老师。

Anyone who wants to apply for this job must send us the resume by email first. 想应聘这个职位的任何人都必须先通过电子邮件向我们发送简历。

whom代替人，是宾格，在定语从句作宾语，在非正式英语常可省略。例如：

Do you know the gentleman whom we met in the school library yesterday? 昨天我们在学校图书馆里遇到的那位先生你认识吗?

This is the student whom my father taught ten years ago. 这是我爸爸十年前教的学生。

The girl who I saw is called Mary. 我见到的那个女孩名叫玛丽。(在非正式英语中，主格who代替了宾格whom，亦可省略)

whose一般代替人，有时亦可代替物，是所有格，在定语从句作定语。例如：

The girl student whose father is a senior engineer used to study abroad. 其父是一位高级工程师的那个女学生过去在国外留学。

Do you know the name of the hotel whose window we can see here? 我们这儿能看到窗户的那个宾馆叫什么名字，你知道吗?(关系代词whose指代先行词hotel，正式用法应该用of which。whose window=the window of which，意思 是：the window of the hotel。)

(二)关系代词which的用法

which代替物，在定语从句作主语或宾语，作宾语时还可省略。例如：

I do not like stories which have unhappy endings.

我不喜欢有不幸结局的小说。(which可以换成that)

Tom works for a factory which makes watches.

汤姆在一个制表厂工作。(which可以换成that)

(三)关系代词that的用法

that既可指人又可指物，在当代英语中大多指物，在定语从句作主语或宾语，作宾语时还可省略。例如：

Is she the girl that sells newspapers?

她是卖报纸的那个女孩吗?(that可以换成who)

Where is the ice-cream that was in the fridge?

放在冰箱的冰激凌哪儿去了?(that可以换成which)

Is this the book that you want to buy?

这是你要买的那本书吗? (that可以换成which，在定语从句作宾语，还可以省略)

三、关系副词引导的定语从句

常用的关系副词只有三个：when, where, why，在定语从句中充当时间、地点和原因状语。它们的用法大家不妨记住一个口诀：

the time when

the place where

the reason why

(一)关系副词when的用法

关系副词when代替的先行词表示的是时间，when在定语从句作时间状语。例如：

In Beijing July and August are the months when it rains very often.

北京的七月和八月是常下雨的月份。(when先行词是months)

Do you remember the day when we first went to the Summer Palace?

你还记得我们第一次去颐和园的那一天吗?(when先行词是day， 当代英语里when可以用that替代，这时关系代词that就变成了表示时间的关系副词)

I haven’t seen her since the year when I left Tokyo.

自从我离开东京的那一年我就一直没见到过她。(when先行词是year，同样when可以用that代替)

(二)关系副词where的用法

关系副词where代替的先行词表示的是地点，where在定语从句作地点状语。例如：

During the Spring Festival I went back to the town where I was brought up.

春节期间，我回到了生我养我的家乡。(where的先行词是town)

This is the place where Li Bai once lived.

这是李白曾经生活过的地方。(where先行词是place)

上面这个句子不可以将where改为that，因为that不能作为表示地点的关系副词。试比较下句：

This is the place that Li Bai once visited.

这是李白曾经游览过的地方。(that的先行词同样是place，但这个that是关系代词，在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略，还可以用which替换)

(三)关系副词why的用法

关系副词why代替的先行词表示的是原因，why在定语从句作原因状语。例如：

The reason why I am phoning you is to ask you whether you have got my email.

我打电话给你的原因是想问问你是否收到了我的电子邮件。(why先行词是reason， 当代英语里why可以用that替代，这时关系代词that就变成了表示原因的关系副词，还可以将why省略)

This is the reason why he came late to school.

这就是他为什么上学迟到的原因。(why先行词是reason，why可以用that替代，还可以省略)

注意：如果上面的句子将the reason省略，那么这个句子就变成了(This is why he came late to school. )表语从句，句子意思丝毫未变。

四、特殊关系代词as引导的定语从句

as是个比较特殊的关系代词，一是用在某些句型搭配里，二是独立于主句之外。下面分别讲解。

(一)在固定搭配as…as, so…as, such…as, the same…as中，as引导定语从句

You may take as many books as you want.

你想要拿多少书就拿多少。(第一个as是副词，修饰many的;第二个as才是关系代词，代替先行词books，在定语从句中作宾语)

I have got such a computer as yours.

我有一台你这样的电脑。(as是关系代词，代替先行词computer，在定语从句中作表语，因为yours后省略了is )

I have never seen so beautiful a place as Guilin.

我从未见过像桂林那样美丽的地方。(as是关系代词，代替先行词place，在定语从句中作表语，因为Guilin后省略了is )

(二)独立于主句之外，as引导定语从句

As we know,

the earth turns around the sun. 正如我们所知，地球围绕太阳旋转。

As is known to us,

(As we know和 As is known to us均为定语从句，as分别作宾语和主语，替代后面的主句。)

Taiwan is, as you know, is an inseparable part of China.

你知道，台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。(关系代词as指代整个主句，在定语从句中作宾语。)

五、关系代词who, which与that的区别

(一)关系代词who与that的区别

1. 当关系代词用作主语时，多用主格who。例如：

He who loses hope loses all.

失去希望的人就失去一切。(先行词为代词he, they, any, all, one等时，多用who)

I met Alice, who told me that she was learning Chinese.

我遇见艾丽斯，她告诉我她在学汉语。(在非限制性定语从句中，用who)

2. 当关系代词用作介词后的宾语时，用宾格whom，不用that。例如：

The man to whom our headmaster talked just now is our English teacher.

我们校长刚才与他谈话的那个人是我们的英语老师。(介词与关系代词紧密相连时，只能用宾格whom，不可用主格who)

注意：介词与关系代词不是紧密相连时，或者说介词放在句子后面时，这时可以用主格who，也可用that，还可以省略关系代词。因此，上面的这句话还可以有如下四种说法：

(1) The man whom our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher.

(2) The man who our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher.

(3) The man that our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher.

(4) The man our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher.

第4句简洁、自然，所以口语中用得最多。

3. 当关系代词泛指人时，多用that。例如：

He is a man that is never afraid of failure.

他是个从不怕失败的人。(that用来泛指人)

4. 当关系代词出现在who开头的疑问句时，应用that。例如：

Who is the girl that is talking to Tom in English?

用英语同汤姆交谈的那个女孩是谁?(避免重复使用who，以免造成误解或语义含混不清)

1.主句+that引导的宾语从句

【例句】They told us once again that this would never happen.他们再次告诉我们这种事情不会发生。

2.主语+系动词+afraid/sorry/sure/glad/angry等+that引导的宾语从句

【用法】that在宾语从句中没有意义，也不作成分，只起引导词的作用，一般可以省略。

【例句】Im sure that he will come tomorrow.我确信他明天会来。

3.主句+what/who/whom/whose/which等引导的宾语从句

【用法】what, who, whom, whose, which等连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。

【例句】Do you know who/whom he is waiting for at the school gate?你知道他正在学校门口等谁吗?

4.主句+when/where/how/why等引导的宾语从句

【用法】when, where, how, why等在从句中作状语,表示时间、地点、方式、原因等。

【例句】We havent discussed yet where we are going to place our new furniture.我们还没有讨论应把我们的新家具放在哪里。

5.主句+whether/if引导的宾语从句

【例句】Did he tell you whether/if he would come the next day? 他告诉你他第二天是否来了吗?

6.Whether引导的宾语从句，+主句

【例句】Whether this is true or not， I am not sure.我不确定这是不是真的。

7.主句+whether引导的宾语从句+if条件句

【例句】He asked me whether I would move to New York if I got the job.他问我如果我得到那份工作是否会搬到纽约去。

1.If...did/were...， 主语+would/should/could/might do...

【用法】表示与现在事实相反的假设。从句用一般过去时，主句谓语动词用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。

【例句】If I were eleven years younger, I would dance as well as them.如果我年轻11岁，我会跟他们跳得一样好。

2.If...had done...，主语+would/should/could/might have done...

【用法】表示与过去事实相反的假设。从句用过去完成时，主句谓语动词用“would/should/could/might+have+过去分词”。

【例句】If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.如果我们走了另一条路的话，或许就能及时赶到这里开会了。

3.If...did/were to do/should do...，主语+would/should/could/might do...

【用法】表示与将来事实相反的假设。从句谓语动词用过去式、“should+动词原形”或“were to+动词原形”，主句谓语动词用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。

【例句】If it were fine tomorrow, I would go shopping.如果明天天气好，我就去购物。

4.If...had done...， 主语+would do...

If...should do...， 主语+would have done...

【例句】If he had set out earlier, he would be home now.如果他早点出发的话，他现在就已经到家了。

5.Should/Were/Had+(从句)主语+谓语，主句

【用法】if引导的虚拟条件句的谓语动词中含有should, were, had时，可将if省略，而将should, were, had提前，构成倒装。

【例句】Should it happen(=If it should happen), what would you do?如果真发生了这样的事，你怎么办?

6.With/Without/But for+名词，主语+虚拟语气形式的谓语...

【用法】句子的虚拟条件是通过词或短语如with， without， otherwise, but for等来表示的。

【例 句】But for the help of my English teacher, I would not have won the first prize in the English Writing Competition.如果没有英语老师的帮助，我不可能在英语写作比赛中获得一等奖。

7.主句+as if+(从句)主语+did/had done...

【用法】as if引导的从句常用虚拟语气，用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反的情况;用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的情况。

【例句】She acted as if she had been the hostess yesterday.她昨天表现得就好像她是女主人似的。

1.wish (that)+主语+did/had done/would do...

【用法】wish后的宾语从句用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反;用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反;用过去将来时表示与将来事实相反。

【例句】I wish it were autumn in Beijing all the year around.我希望北京全年都是秋天。

2.suggest/recommend/insist等+(that)+主语+(should) do...

【例 句】Teachers recommend parents not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.为了安全，老师建议家长们不要让未满12岁的孩子骑自行车来上学。

3.would rather+主语+did/had done...

【用法】would rather后的从句用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。

【例句】George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I?d rather he focused more on its culture.乔治打算谈谈他们国家的地理，但是我却愿意他多谈一下他们的文化。

4.It is+形容词/名词/过去分词+that+主语+(should) do...

【例句】It is strange that the girl (should) be so rude.那个女孩那么无礼，这真奇怪。

5.suggestion/advice/demand等+that+主语(+should) do...

【用法】在表示“建议”、“命令”、“要求”等的名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中用虚拟语气。

【例句】My suggestion is that we (should) get started soon.我的建议是我们应该尽快出发。

A) 如果你不……，你就会…… If you dont …， youll …

例︰If you dont keep working hard, youll lose the chance.

如果你不坚持努力工作，你就会失去这次机会。

B) 如此 ……，以至于…… so … that …

例：At that moment, I was so upset that I wanted to give up.

当时，我非常伤心，最后都想放弃了。

C) 每当我听到……我就忍不住感到兴奋。Whenever I hear …， I cannot but feel excited.

每当我做……我就忍不住感到悲伤。 Whenever I do …， I cannot but feel sad.

每当我想到……我就忍不住感到紧张。Whenever I think of …， I cannot but feel nervous.

每当我遭遇……我就忍不住感到害怕。Whenever I meet with …， I cannot but feel frightened.

每当我看到……我就忍不住感到惊讶。Whenever I see …， I cannot but feel surprised.

例：Whenever I think of the clean brook near my home, I cannot but feel sad.

= Every time I think of the clean brook near my home, I cannot help feeling sad.

每当我想到我家附近那一条清澈的小溪我就忍不住感到悲伤。

1)时间：

when， not…until(直到…才…)， as soon as(一…就…)

2)目的：

so that + clause; (为了)

3)结果：

so…that…(如此…以至于…)， too…to do(太……以至于……)

4)条件：

if， unless(除非)， as long as(只要)

5)比较：

as…as…(与…一样)， not so…as…， than

(5)认真检查，检查信息点是否全面，时态、人称是否一致，句子结构是否清晰，短语使用、单词拼写是否准确等。

检查后，将草稿誊写在纸上，请注意按结构分段，书写清晰。

下面列举一些在检查中可发现的错误：

We livemore and more comfortable.

改正：comfortably(副词修饰动词)

2.we can getmany informations by reading newspapers.

改正：much information (不可数名词由much修饰)

3.There willhave a football game tomorrow.

改正：There will be a football game tomorrow.(Therebe句型的将来时结构)

4.I thinkride a bike can keep our health.

改正：I think riding a bike can keep us healthy.(动名词作主语)

掌握了以上的写作方法和技巧，建议同学们多练习或模仿不同题材的文章，正如一句格言“No pains，no gains.”所述，相信参加小升初的学子们只要能够坚持反复的写作磨练与付出就一定能在来年的择校考中写出一篇能够展示内心世界之美的英语作文。

1. 时间状语从句：

在一个句子中作时间状语的句子。

时间状语从句的连接词：when(当…...时候)，while(当...…时候) as(当...…时候)，after(在…...以后)，before(在...…以前) as soon as(一...…就......)，since(自从...…到现在)，till/until(直到…...才......)，by the time(到...…的时候)

例如：

Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.

莫扎特四岁时开始创作音乐。

2. 条件状语从句：

在一个句子中作条件状语的句子。

条件状语从句的连接词：if， unless(除非)，as long as(只要)

例如：If it doesn’t rain tomorrow， we will go hiking.

如果明天不下雨，我们将去远足。

注意：在时间和条件状语从句中，一定要符合“主将从现”原则。如上面例句，条件状语 If it doesn’t rain tomorrow用一般现在时，主句we will go hiking用一般将来时。

3. 原因状语从句：

在一个句子中作原因状语的句子。

原因状语从句的连接词：because， since， as，now that

例如：I didn’t go to school yesterday because I was ill.

因为我生病了，所以昨天没去上学。

1、定语从句的概念

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

2、定语从句的关系词

引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who(宾格whom，所有格whose)等，关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。

3、定语从句的分类

根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去。非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。

4、关系代词的用法

(1)that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。

例如：

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle。

玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)

The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue。

我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)

(2)which用于指物，在句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。

例如：

The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket。

位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)

The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful。

我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)

(3)who， whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom。who和whom作宾语时也可省略。

例如：

The girl who often helps me with my English is from England。

经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)

Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?

正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)

4、关系副词的用法

(1)when指时间，其先行词表示时间，when在定语从句中作时间状语。

例如：

This was the time when he arrived。

这是他到达的时间。

(2)where指地点，其先行词表示地点，where在定语从句中作地点状语。

例如：

This is place where he works。

这是他工作的地点。

(3)why 指原因，其先行词是原因，why在定语从句中做原因状语。

例如：

Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school。

没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。

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[用定语从句写作文友情

1宾语从句的学习要注意三个方面

第一：语序：在宾语从句中，一律用___________。

如Where does she live? ( Do you know?) ----Do you know where she lives?

***几个特殊的特殊疑问句

Which is the way to the nearest shop?/ What’s wrong with you?/ What’s up?/ What’s the matter?

这几个特殊疑问句本身就是陈述语序,在宾语从句中不需调整语序。

第二：时态; 1）如果主句是___________，宾语从句时态根据实际情况而定.

如：1. It’s going to rain. I think. ---I think it’s going to rain.

2. “I will go with you .” he says. ---He says he will go with me.

3. He studied English ten years ago. I know. I know he studied English ten years ago.

2）主句是___________，宾语从句要用___________。

如：It’s going to rain. I thought. ---I thought it was going to rain.

“I will go with you.” he said. ---He said he would go with me.

3). 若从句表达的是___________，规律，不管主句是什么时态，从句都用___________。

如1 The earth turns round the sun. The teacher told us---The teacher told us that the earth turns round the sun.

2 Light travels much faster than sound. She said … ---She said that light travels much faster than sound.

第三：连接词1)如果被连接的句子是___________，那么连接词用___________, (也可省)

如1. He’ll be back in a month. ( I hear…) I hear ( that ) he will be back in a month.

2. I have been to the Great Wall once. ( He tells me…) He tells me ( that ) he has been to the Great Wall once.

2.)如果被连接的句子是___________,则用连接词___________

如：*Does he live in that house? ( She asked me …) She asked me if/ whether he lived in that house.

*Have you finished your homework? ( I want to know…) I want to know if you have finished your homework.

3) ___________句，用原句中的特殊疑问词引导：what, who, where, when, which, why, how (many/ much/ often/ long/ old).如： Who are you waiting for? Can you tell me? --- Can you tell me who you are waiting for?

What did he do yesterday? I don’t know. ---I don’t know what he did yesterday.

***其中 以wh- 疑问词或how 引导的宾语从句与动词不定式可相互转换

如I don’t know what I can do.可以说成 I don’t know what to do.

The policeman showed me where I could get books. 可以说成The policeman showed me where to get books.

Can you tell me how I can make a kite?可以说成 Can you tell me how to make a kite?

4).宾语从句___________。在_________________________________等动词所跟的宾语中，如果从句谓语是否定的，一般要将否定词not转移至主句谓语上去，而将从句谓语改为肯定形式。如：I don’t think he has time to play with the girl.

基本概念定语：用于修饰名词或代词的成分就叫定语。 定语从句：如果修饰某个名词或代词的定语是一个完整的句子，这个句子就叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句放在先行词后面。定语从句的引导：定语从句的引导词代替的是先行词。

1、当定语从句所修饰的名词是事、物时，用that/which引导，且that/which在定语从句中作主语或宾语。e.g:a.Thisisthepenthat/whichIboughtyesterday.

2.当定语从句所修饰的名词是人时用that/who引导，引导词再从句中做主语或宾语。

3.定语从句修饰的名词时地点时用which/that或where引导:若地点名词在定语从句中是作主语或宾语就用that/which引导，是作地点状语则用where引导，可与“介词+which”互换。作visited的宾语)作介词in的宾语)作work的地点状语)

4.当定语从句修饰的名词是时间名词时：若在定语从句中作主语或宾语用that/which,作时间状语则用when,同样可与“介词+which”互换。

5.当定语从句所修饰的名词在定语从句中表示原因时用why。’tcomeisstillamystery.

6.当定语从句修饰的名词和引导词后面的那个词之间是所有关系时，用whose引导。女儿已经出国的那个人是位医生)

7.一些特殊情况：

当主句和从句的主语一致，谓语的时态又是同时段发生，可以把从句的主语省去，变谓语动词为现在分词或过去分词。如果分词的逻辑或时间意义不明确，还可以保留连词。

例1：Guests mingle while enjoying cake, punch and other treats.

客人们一边吃蛋糕、喝饮料以及享用其它的食品，一边却在一起聊天。

例2：While speaking out against Hitler’s atrocities, the American people generally favored isolationist policies and neutrality.虽然美国人谴责希特勒的暴行，但是他们却一惯奉行孤立政策和中立态度。

例3：Plastics are materials which are softened by heat and set into lasting form when shaped in a mold.

注：如果从句的谓语是系动词be，在简化句型时应该把be动词改成being，但是由于being语义意义，所以可以省略，这样就造成了形容词作状语了。

例1：These apples, when ripe, are picked.这些苹果一旦熟了就要被摘下来。

例2：She knows all the hazards of smoking while pregnant.她知道怀孕时吸烟的一切危害性。

一般说来，用on和at表示“as soon as, once”。on后面常接“来、去”之类的词，at后面常接“听到、看到”之类的词。in后面接其他带动作的词，相对于从属连词“while”。

例1：On removing them he was stunned to see that the plates were fogged where the crystals had covered them.当他把晶体揭开时，发现盘子上方雾蒙蒙，他吃了一惊。

例2：In running down the stairs, I heard the clock struck twelve.

我在跑下楼的时候，听见钟敲了十二下。

例3：He jumped with joy at hearing the news.他一听到这个消息就高兴得跳了起来。

同上面一样，At基本上后接sound，sight“听到、看到”之类的词；on接“回来、到达”之类的词；用in，during表示“when, while”；用over表示“while”之意。当然，这一切都是相对的分类。

例1：The little girl passed out at sight of a snake.小女孩一看到蛇就昏过去了。

例2：In our hurry to get from one place to another, we failed to see anything on the way.当我们急急忙忙从这儿到那儿的时候，一路上什么也没有看见。

例3：On arrival at the railway station, he found the train had already left.当他到达火车站的时候，他发现火车已经开走了。

例4：He had intended to go, but on second thoughts, he gave up the idea.

他本来想去，但进一步考虑后,打消了这个念头。

例5：During my absence, would you please take care of my cat?

在我不在的时候，请帮我照看一下猫，好吗？

例6：He fell asleep over a book.他看书的时候睡着了。

例7：After reelection he announces that he will not help.经过一番考虑后，他宣布将不提供任何帮助。

例8：After graduation, he went to America for his PhD studies.毕业之后，他去了美国攻读博士。

托福写作中从句是很重要的句型，并且使用率比较高，考生们常常用到的从句句型主要有：主语从句、宾语从句、定语从句和同位语从句。下面我们就来看看托福写作中如何让我们的从句将作用发挥到最大吧。

在我们所接触的托福写作范文中，包括老托福和新托福的两类作文，从句在段落中出现的频率都是很高的，尤其是第一段introduction中，一般做背景介绍的时候都会使用宾语从句。

例如：Some people claim that…，在文章的主体部分中，为了体现句式的变化，各种从句交替应用就显得很重要。即使在IBT导入了first draft的概念之后，对文章的内容要求也没有改变要求，需要体现完整性和统一性。

凡事过犹不及，就像美酒再好也不能贪杯一样，从句虽然有很多好处，但千万不要过多重复。虽然从句的优点是简单句不能比拟的，但只有简单句结合从句，才能体现句子的多变性;也只有全部的句子都为主题句服务，文章的整体性才会更好的体现。

以下是议论文写作中比较好的一些从句例子：

1)Many experts claim that people should positively participate in garbage recycle.

宾语从句，一般出现在首段背景介绍部分。

2)Horror movies, in which there might be bleeding and terrifying scenes, are not recommended for children.

定语从句，一般在主体部分中比较常见，用以解释说明，达到简化句子的目的。

3)As long as you are a student, you should always behave yourself.

状语从句，让步状语从句比较常见的使用although或者though来引导，这里介绍一个使用as long as来引导的句子，这个例句可以解释成“做一天和尚撞一天钟”。

4)When it comes to psychology, most people believe that it is a behavioral study.

时间状语从句，例句中的应用表示了“当谈到……的时候”，这是一种美式英语中经常出现的句式，口语和书面语都可以使用，推荐各位掌握。

以上就是在托福写作中从句的用法及重要性，在掌握了从句的正确用法后，我们的托福写作不管在样式上还是在内容上都会有很大改观，离突破托福写作障碍自然也就不远了。最后小编祝大家考试顺利。