从句

Good evening, Dear teachers and friends!

Do you have any good friends? Are you happy with your friends every day? Today my topic is A true friend .

Every one of us, rich or poor, should at least have one or two good friends. In my opinion, when you re sad, a true friend can talk with you, then give you some advice, and make you smile. When you re happy, a true friend is happy, too. If you don t feel well, a true friend will ask you what the matter is and take care of you. If you do something wrong, a true friend will tell you it isn t right and what is correct. A true friend will stay with you if you want some help. A true friend will forgive you if you have an argument. What s more, when you get good grades, a true friend will be very excited and proud of you. Whether rich or poor, a true friendship never changes.

I often feel very lucky to have a lot of good friends. Especially when I had Qiqi as one of my best friends. We have been good friends since I came to Hongli School. She studies hard and we are deskmates. She is very lovely and helpful. He always helps me study and helps me deal with my problems. When I feel sleepy in class, she always remind me; when I feel sad, she always tells me jokes and makes me happy again. When I m in trouble, I always ask her for help. With her help , I study well now and feel happy every day. I would like say thanks to her.

In my eyes, a true friendship likes a bridge, connects our hearts. It makes us feel warm. So I think a true friendship is one of the most important things in our wonderful lives. I also believe we will be true friends. That s all! Thank you!

As is shown/ demonstrated/ illustrated/ depicted/ described…in the cartoon/ picture/ graph/ table…,

There are many reasons why I want to study in your university.

It is estimated that tens of billions of pounds is spent on cigarettes every year in our country, which is a huge waste.

A)如果你不……，你就会…… If you dont …， youll …

例︰If you dont keep working hard, youll lose the chance。

如果你不坚持努力工作，你就会失去这次机会。

B) 如此 ……，以至于…… so … that …

例：At that moment, I was so upset that I wanted to give up。

当时，我非常伤心，最后都想放弃了。

C) 每当我听到……我就忍不住感到兴奋。Whenever I hear …， I cannot but feel excited。

每当我做……我就忍不住感到悲伤。 Whenever I do …， I cannot but feel sad。

每当我想到……我就忍不住感到紧张。Whenever I think of …， I cannot but feel nervous。

每当我遭遇……我就忍不住感到害怕。Whenever I meet with …， I cannot but feel frightened。

每当我看到……我就忍不住感到惊讶。Whenever I see …， I cannot but feel surprised。

例：Whenever I think of the clean brook near my home, I cannot but feel sad。

= Every time I think of the clean brook near my home, I cannot help feeling sad。

每当我想到我家附近那一条清澈的小溪我就忍不住感到悲伤。

1.If...did/were...， 主语+would/should/could/might do...

【用法】表示与现在事实相反的假设。从句用一般过去时，主句谓语动词用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。

【例句】If I were eleven years younger, I would dance as well as them.如果我年轻11岁，我会跟他们跳得一样好。

2.If...had done...，主语+would/should/could/might have done...

【用法】表示与过去事实相反的假设。从句用过去完成时，主句谓语动词用“would/should/could/might+have+过去分词”。

【例句】If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.如果我们走了另一条路的话，或许就能及时赶到这里开会了。

3.If...did/were to do/should do...，主语+would/should/could/might do...

【用法】表示与将来事实相反的假设。从句谓语动词用过去式、“should+动词原形”或“were to+动词原形”，主句谓语动词用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。

【例句】If it were fine tomorrow, I would go shopping.如果明天天气好，我就去购物。

4.If...had done...， 主语+would do...

If...should do...， 主语+would have done...

【例句】If he had set out earlier, he would be home now.如果他早点出发的话，他现在就已经到家了。

5.Should/Were/Had+(从句)主语+谓语，主句

【用法】if引导的虚拟条件句的谓语动词中含有should, were, had时，可将if省略，而将should, were, had提前，构成倒装。

【例句】Should it happen(=If it should happen), what would you do?如果真发生了这样的事，你怎么办?

6.With/Without/But for+名词，主语+虚拟语气形式的谓语...

【用法】句子的虚拟条件是通过词或短语如with， without， otherwise, but for等来表示的。

【例 句】But for the help of my English teacher, I would not have won the first prize in the English Writing Competition.如果没有英语老师的帮助，我不可能在英语写作比赛中获得一等奖。

7.主句+as if+(从句)主语+did/had done...

【用法】as if引导的从句常用虚拟语气，用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反的情况;用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的情况。

【例句】She acted as if she had been the hostess yesterday.她昨天表现得就好像她是女主人似的。

1.wish (that)+主语+did/had done/would do...

【用法】wish后的宾语从句用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反;用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反;用过去将来时表示与将来事实相反。

【例句】I wish it were autumn in Beijing all the year around.我希望北京全年都是秋天。

2.suggest/recommend/insist等+(that)+主语+(should) do...

【例 句】Teachers recommend parents not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.为了安全，老师建议家长们不要让未满12岁的孩子骑自行车来上学。

3.would rather+主语+did/had done...

【用法】would rather后的从句用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。

【例句】George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I?d rather he focused more on its culture.乔治打算谈谈他们国家的地理，但是我却愿意他多谈一下他们的文化。

4.It is+形容词/名词/过去分词+that+主语+(should) do...

【例句】It is strange that the girl (should) be so rude.那个女孩那么无礼，这真奇怪。

5.suggestion/advice/demand等+that+主语(+should) do...

【用法】在表示“建议”、“命令”、“要求”等的名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中用虚拟语气。

【例句】My suggestion is that we (should) get started soon.我的建议是我们应该尽快出发。

A) 如果你不……，你就会…… If you dont …， youll …

例︰If you dont keep working hard, youll lose the chance.

如果你不坚持努力工作，你就会失去这次机会。

B) 如此 ……，以至于…… so … that …

例：At that moment, I was so upset that I wanted to give up.

当时，我非常伤心，最后都想放弃了。

C) 每当我听到……我就忍不住感到兴奋。Whenever I hear …， I cannot but feel excited.

每当我做……我就忍不住感到悲伤。 Whenever I do …， I cannot but feel sad.

每当我想到……我就忍不住感到紧张。Whenever I think of …， I cannot but feel nervous.

每当我遭遇……我就忍不住感到害怕。Whenever I meet with …， I cannot but feel frightened.

每当我看到……我就忍不住感到惊讶。Whenever I see …， I cannot but feel surprised.

例：Whenever I think of the clean brook near my home, I cannot but feel sad.

= Every time I think of the clean brook near my home, I cannot help feeling sad.

每当我想到我家附近那一条清澈的小溪我就忍不住感到悲伤。

1)时间：

when， not…until(直到…才…)， as soon as(一…就…)

2)目的：

so that + clause; (为了)

3)结果：

so…that…(如此…以至于…)， too…to do(太……以至于……)

4)条件：

if， unless(除非)， as long as(只要)

5)比较：

as…as…(与…一样)， not so…as…， than

(5)认真检查，检查信息点是否全面，时态、人称是否一致，句子结构是否清晰，短语使用、单词拼写是否准确等。

检查后，将草稿誊写在纸上，请注意按结构分段，书写清晰。

下面列举一些在检查中可发现的错误：

We livemore and more comfortable.

改正：comfortably(副词修饰动词)

2.we can getmany informations by reading newspapers.

改正：much information (不可数名词由much修饰)

3.There willhave a football game tomorrow.

改正：There will be a football game tomorrow.(Therebe句型的将来时结构)

4.I thinkride a bike can keep our health.

改正：I think riding a bike can keep us healthy.(动名词作主语)

掌握了以上的写作方法和技巧，建议同学们多练习或模仿不同题材的文章，正如一句格言“No pains，no gains.”所述，相信参加小升初的学子们只要能够坚持反复的写作磨练与付出就一定能在来年的择校考中写出一篇能够展示内心世界之美的英语作文。

1.时间：when, not…until, as soon as

2.目的：so that从句; to do(为了)

3.结果：so…that 从句, too…to do(太……以至于……)

4.条件：if, unless(除非), as long as(只要)

5.让步：though, although, even though, even if ，no matter what/when/where/who/which/how

6.比较：as…as…, not so…as…, than

宾语从句是指在一个句子中充当宾语的句子。

例如：

He said that he wanted to be a teacher when he grew up.

他说长大后想当一名老师。

①宾语从句的连接词：

宾语从句的连接词包括that、if/whether(是否)、特殊疑问词。

②宾语从句的语序：

A. 宾语从句的连接词后加陈述语序(主语在前，谓语在后)。

例如：I want to know if he can come tomorrow.

我想知道他明天是否能来。

B. 当连接词本身又是宾语从句的主语时，后面直接加谓语动词。

例如：She asked me who had helped him.

她问我谁帮助了他。

③宾语从句的时态，只要记住以下口诀即可：“主现则从任，主过则从过，客观真理一般现”

A. 主现则从任：主句如果是一般现在时，则从句根据时间状语需要从八种时态中任选一种。

例如：1.He tells me he studied English in England last year.

他告诉我他去年在英国学习英语。

B. 主过则从过：主句如果是一般过去时，则从句根据时间状语需要从四种带“过”字的时态中任选一种，带“过”字的时态分别是如：一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时。

例如：He told me that he liked playing football.

他告诉我他喜欢踢足球。

C. 客观真理一般现：客观真理永远用一般现在时。

例如：He said the moon goes around the earth.他说月亮绕着地球转。

定语是指在句子中用来修饰名词、代词的成分。

例如：I will give my teacher a bunch of beautiful flower.(beautiful是定语)

我给我的老师一束漂亮的花。

定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。

例如：I have met a doctor who is in the No.1 hospital.

我认识了一位第一医院的医生。

定语从句的关系词：

关系代词：who、which、whom、whose、that

关系副词：when、where、why

1.I wont believe what he says.一般

No matter what he says, I wont believe.特殊

2.If you come back before six oclock, you can go out.一般

You can go out on condition that you come back before six oclock. 特殊

3 If she doesnt agree, what shall we do? 一般

Supposing that she doesnt agree, what shell we do ?特殊

1、定语从句的概念

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

2、定语从句的关系词

引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who(宾格whom，所有格whose)等，关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。

3、定语从句的分类

根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去。非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。

4、关系代词的用法

(1)that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。

例如：

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle。

玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)

The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue。

我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)

(2)which用于指物，在句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。

例如：

The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket。

位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)

The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful。

我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)

(3)who， whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom。who和whom作宾语时也可省略。

例如：

The girl who often helps me with my English is from England。

经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)

Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?

正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)

4、关系副词的用法

(1)when指时间，其先行词表示时间，when在定语从句中作时间状语。

例如：

This was the time when he arrived。

这是他到达的时间。

(2)where指地点，其先行词表示地点，where在定语从句中作地点状语。

例如：

This is place where he works。

这是他工作的地点。

(3)why 指原因，其先行词是原因，why在定语从句中做原因状语。

例如：

Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school。

没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。

what is friendship? it is to relate with somebody without need for money or objective. it is to need emotion and over wealth is friendship , no matter what their background , age , sex or personality.

friendship can be pure. we hear , nowdays, however, how one can be cheated by friends. many people get along with someone because they have a lot of money. it is doultful that is real friendship.home.sanwen8.cn

having friends, one can be find happiness. if you are in trouble your friends will help you through or at least comfort you. when you are happy , they share it with you. they are also there for you to chat with at any time.

it is a wonderful feeling, as the proverb says" to love each other is easy but to make frieds is hard", so, it is crutial that we should get along with our friends. in my opinon ,it is a shame to deceive your friends . the world would be more beautiful if it was full of filled with friendship

[用定语从句写作文友情

名词性从句，含主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四种;定语从句;状语从句

A. 主语从句：

Eg1：What worries many parents is that Internet or computer games may impact kids’ study.

Eg2：It is said that an emperor of ancient China discovered Tea 5,000 years ago. (it为形式主语;that从句为真正主语)

B.宾语从句：

Eg1：Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life is measured by how much they can borrow, not by how much they can earn.

Eg2: I am convinced that it is of great necessity for youngsters to study hard.

Eg3：明智的人不为别人的想法所影响。The sensible man is not influenced by what other people think.

C. 表语从句：

Eg1：That is why China is called the “Kingdom of Bicycles”.

Eg3：In team games, practice is what improves our sense of cooperation.

D. 同位语从句

Eg1：(Martin Luther King) I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal." (该句中a dream = that 从句，)

Eg2：Others hold the different idea that online shopping brings us some problems.

E. 含同位语句式

A.人 身份

Eg. I am convinced that …

As a college student, I am convinced that …

I, as a college student, am convinced that …

B. 物 性质

Eg. A strong will brings us power …

As a vital quality, a strong will brings us power…

A strong will, as a vital quality, brings us power…

插入语

Eg1：As I see, the causes of this phenomenon are diverse.

The causes of this phenomenon, as I see, are diverse.

Eg2：All of a sudden, the silence of the lake was broken by a scream.

The silence of the lake, all of a sudden, was broken by a scream.

Eg3：Even so, others hold a different view.

Others, even so, hold a different view.

Eg4：Like anything else, automobiles have more than one side. (汽车跟很多其他事物一样，具有两面性)

Automobiles, like anything else, have more than one side.

F. 定语从句：

步骤：1)先写出正确简单句，确定被修饰成分(中心名词)

2)在中心名词后加入定从，关系词who, whose, whom, where, which, when

Eg1：Taobao is a particularly popular website. ? Taobao is a particularly popular website, where/in which customers can purchase various goods.

Eg2：I will advice my foreign friend to visit Great Wall, where he or she can acquire knowledge of Chinese history.?

（一）基础：引导词---who, which, that, whom,

练习1.I like cities___________are quiet and clean. 2.I prefer students _________are hard- working.

3.I hate TV shows _________ are noisy and boring.4.The music __________ is gentle and quiet attracts me a lot.

5.The food __________tastes delicious is not always healthy.

6.Those boys ___________ are playing basketballs over there are from Class Fifteen.

7.The books ____________ are written by Lu Xun are worth reading.

8.The town ___we visited last week is much larger than before.9.The book ___ he bought is very interesting.

（二）特例：只用that的情况

1先行词被___________或___________所修饰，或本身是______________________时，只能用 that，

2.被修饰的先行词为 ________________________________________________等不定代词时, 只能用 that.

3.先行词被 _____________________________________________等词修饰时，只能用 that，而不用 which。

4.先行词里同时含有______________________，如I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.

5. 以______________________引导的特殊疑问句，只能用that.如： Who is the girl that is crying?

练习1. I am interested in everything___ is about the 2006 World Cup.

2. Is there anything___I can do for you? 3. This is the very bike ______I lost

4.To my surprise, he gave me nothing __ I need. 5.This is the best dictionary __ I have ever used.

6. He was the first person _______passed the exam.

7.He talked happily about the men and books________interested him greatly.

（三）whose 1. The student ______father works in the factory is sitting there.

2. I like the rooms ______windows face south.3. This is the desk ______legs were broken.

4The woman ___ umbrella you took is angry about it.5.Here comes a girl ___ handwriting is the best .

6The banana __skin is green can’t be eaten.7That tall tree _ leaves are yellow is very old.

（四）从句谓语单复数由先行词确定，时态由从句时间状语决定，不必跟主句保持一致。

1-He is one of the boys who ____ (doesn’t, don’t) finish doing homework.

2-I like films which ____(be) exciting and interesting.

3-Children who often ____(eat) junk food are easy to become fat and unhealthy.

4-That boy who _____(run) fastest is from our class.

5Those boys who ____ playing the guitar are from our school. (be)

6The trees which _____ (be) watered yesterday belong to them. 7The man who ____ over there is our teacher.(stand) 8Those boys who ____ playing the guitar are from our school. (be)

9Mr. Brown is one of the foreign experts _______ _________ (work) in China.

10I’m one of the boys ______ ________(like) English best.

(五)“介词＋关系代词”注意： 介词的选用要考虑：

A.与先行词的搭配关系

1）I will never forget the day __________ I joined the army.

2) I will never forget the days ______ I worked here.

3) I will never forget the year ____________ my son went to college.

B. 与谓语动词的搭配习惯

1）Have you found the book ________I paid 29 dollars?

2）Have you found the book ________I spent 29 dollars?

3) Have you found the book _____________we learnt a lot?

4) Have you found the book _______she often talks?

1.—Where was your brother at this time last night?—He was writing an e-mail ___I was watching TV at home.

A.as soon as B.after C.until D.while

2.The film “Kung Fu Panda” is___interesting__I would like to see it again. A.such,that B.too,to C.as,as D.so that

3.Tom will call me as soon as he ___home. A.gets B.has got C.got D.will get

4. We will have no water to drink___we don’t protect the earth. A.until B.before C.though D.if

5.We won’t start the meeting ___our teacher arrives. A.though B.until C.while D.or

6.Bob promises to join in the football match____he has to help his parents on the farm..

A. if  B.as C. unless  D. when

7.___it’s difficult to make her dream come ture, she never gives up. A.Though B.Unless C.Because D.If

8.---Could you tell me when Mr. Li___in Huanggang?---Sure. When he ___, I’ll call you.

A.arrives; will arrive B.will arrive; arrives C.arrives; arrives D.will arrive; will arrive

9.In summer, food goes bad easily__it is put in the refrigerator. A.until B.if C.unless

10.A moment, please. I’m checking if Mr. Smith__free tomorrow. A.is B.being C.to be D.will be

11.I didn’t go to bed __my mother came back late last night.A.so; B.until C.though

12.Hurry up,___you will miss the early train. A. or B.and C.if D.unless

13.---Tommy, do you know if Frank___to the theatre with us this Sunday if it ___?---Sorry, I have no idea.

A.will go, is fine; B.goes, is fine C.will go, is going to be fine D.goes; will be fine

14.What a beautiful painting it is! I’ve never seen ___painting. A.such a B.a C.such D.this better

15.I don’t know __he will come tomorrow.___he comes, I’ll tell you.

A.if, Whether B.whether, Whether C.if, That D.if, If

当which引导的定语从句指代主句全部内容时，可以把which改为it，作形式主语，把原来的主句改成正在主语。或者把定语从句的整个信息改换为名词短语作主语，使原来的定语从句变成简单句。

例4： He indulges himself all day in computer games, which makes his parents extremely sad.

改为：It makes his parents extremely sad that he indulges himself all day in computer games.

他整天沉湎于电脑游戏，这使他父母伤心至极。(主语从句)

或者：His indulgence in computer games all day makes his parents extremely sad. (名词短语)

基本概念定语：用于修饰名词或代词的成分就叫定语。 定语从句：如果修饰某个名词或代词的定语是一个完整的句子，这个句子就叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句放在先行词后面。定语从句的引导：定语从句的引导词代替的是先行词。

1、当定语从句所修饰的名词是事、物时，用that/which引导，且that/which在定语从句中作主语或宾语。e.g:a.Thisisthepenthat/whichIboughtyesterday.

2.当定语从句所修饰的名词是人时用that/who引导，引导词再从句中做主语或宾语。

3.定语从句修饰的名词时地点时用which/that或where引导:若地点名词在定语从句中是作主语或宾语就用that/which引导，是作地点状语则用where引导，可与“介词+which”互换。作visited的宾语)作介词in的宾语)作work的地点状语)

4.当定语从句修饰的名词是时间名词时：若在定语从句中作主语或宾语用that/which,作时间状语则用when,同样可与“介词+which”互换。

5.当定语从句所修饰的名词在定语从句中表示原因时用why。’tcomeisstillamystery.

6.当定语从句修饰的名词和引导词后面的那个词之间是所有关系时，用whose引导。女儿已经出国的那个人是位医生)

7.一些特殊情况：

同上面一样，At基本上后接sound，sight“听到、看到”之类的词；on接“回来、到达”之类的词；用in，during表示“when, while”；用over表示“while”之意。当然，这一切都是相对的分类。

例1：The little girl passed out at sight of a snake.小女孩一看到蛇就昏过去了。

例2：In our hurry to get from one place to another, we failed to see anything on the way.当我们急急忙忙从这儿到那儿的时候，一路上什么也没有看见。

例3：On arrival at the railway station, he found the train had already left.当他到达火车站的时候，他发现火车已经开走了。

例4：He had intended to go, but on second thoughts, he gave up the idea.

他本来想去，但进一步考虑后,打消了这个念头。

例5：During my absence, would you please take care of my cat?

在我不在的时候，请帮我照看一下猫，好吗？

例6：He fell asleep over a book.他看书的时候睡着了。

例7：After reelection he announces that he will not help.经过一番考虑后，他宣布将不提供任何帮助。

例8：After graduation, he went to America for his PhD studies.毕业之后，他去了美国攻读博士。

托福写作中从句是很重要的句型，并且使用率比较高，考生们常常用到的从句句型主要有：主语从句、宾语从句、定语从句和同位语从句。下面我们就来看看托福写作中如何让我们的从句将作用发挥到最大吧。

在我们所接触的托福写作范文中，包括老托福和新托福的两类作文，从句在段落中出现的频率都是很高的，尤其是第一段introduction中，一般做背景介绍的时候都会使用宾语从句。

例如：Some people claim that…，在文章的主体部分中，为了体现句式的变化，各种从句交替应用就显得很重要。即使在IBT导入了first draft的概念之后，对文章的内容要求也没有改变要求，需要体现完整性和统一性。

凡事过犹不及，就像美酒再好也不能贪杯一样，从句虽然有很多好处，但千万不要过多重复。虽然从句的优点是简单句不能比拟的，但只有简单句结合从句，才能体现句子的多变性;也只有全部的句子都为主题句服务，文章的整体性才会更好的体现。

以下是议论文写作中比较好的一些从句例子：

1)Many experts claim that people should positively participate in garbage recycle.

宾语从句，一般出现在首段背景介绍部分。

2)Horror movies, in which there might be bleeding and terrifying scenes, are not recommended for children.

定语从句，一般在主体部分中比较常见，用以解释说明，达到简化句子的目的。

3)As long as you are a student, you should always behave yourself.

状语从句，让步状语从句比较常见的使用although或者though来引导，这里介绍一个使用as long as来引导的句子，这个例句可以解释成“做一天和尚撞一天钟”。

4)When it comes to psychology, most people believe that it is a behavioral study.

时间状语从句，例句中的应用表示了“当谈到……的时候”，这是一种美式英语中经常出现的句式，口语和书面语都可以使用，推荐各位掌握。

以上就是在托福写作中从句的用法及重要性，在掌握了从句的正确用法后，我们的托福写作不管在样式上还是在内容上都会有很大改观，离突破托福写作障碍自然也就不远了。最后小编祝大家考试顺利。