从句

1.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildrensPalace.

A.WhichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich

2.Doyouknowtheman_______?

A.whomIspokeB.tow

hospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke

3.Thisisthehotel_______lastmonth.

A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayed

C.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed

4.Doyouknowtheyear______theChinesewasfounded?

A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich

5.Thatistheday______Illneverforget.

A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when

6.Thefactory______wellvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.

A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich

7.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactory_______weareworking.

A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there

8.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_______.

A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshown

C.thathasbeenshownthisyearD.thatyoutalked

9.Canyoulendmethebook______theotherday?

A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalked

C.aboutthatyoutalkedD.thatyoutalked

10.Thepen______heiswritingismine.

A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.bywhich

11.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof______satasmallboy.

A.whomB.whoC.whichD.that

12.Itthereanyoneinyourclass______familyisinthecountry?

A.whoB.whosC.whichD.whose

13.Iwanttousethesamedictionary______wasusedyesterday.

A.whichB.whoC.whatD.as

14.Icanneverforgettheday_______weworkedtogetherandtheday______wespenttogether.

A.when;whichB.which;whenC.what;thatD.onwhich;when

15.Thisisthereason______hedidntcometothemeeting.

A.inwhichB.withwhichC.thatD.forwhich

16.There’relotsofthings_____IneedtodobeforeIleave.

A．thatB.whoC.whyD.what

17.Doyouliketheredcar______wasmadeinTianjin?

A.whereB.whoC.whichD.when

18.--Doyouknoweverybody______cametotheparty?

--Almost,butIdon’tknowtheone______youtalkedwithnearthedoor.

A.who,/B.whose,thatC.that,whichD./,whom

19.Thisisall_____Iknowaboutthematter.

A.thatB.whatC.asD.whether

As is shown/ demonstrated/ illustrated/ depicted/ described…in the cartoon/ picture/ graph/ table…,

There are many reasons why I want to study in your university.

It is estimated that tens of billions of pounds is spent on cigarettes every year in our country, which is a huge waste.

1.主句+who/whom引导的定语从句

【用法】who是主格，whom是宾格。通常whom可以用who代替，但直接跟在介词后作宾语时不可用who代替。who/whom作宾语时可以省略。

【例句】Do you know the girl who is standing under the tree?你认识站在树下的那个女孩吗?

2.主句，+which/who/whom/whose/when/where+定语从句

【用法】非限制性定语从句用逗号与主句分开，that不能引导非限制性定语从句,who一般不能替代whom。

【例句】This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago.这个便条是汤姆留下的，刚才他还在这里。

1.主句+before/after引导的时间状语从句

【例句】It may be many years before the situation improves.这种状况或许要过很多年才能得到改善。

2.主句+since引导的时间状语从句

【用法】since从句常用一般过去时，谓语是短暂性动词时，表示该动作的开始;谓语是延续性动词时，表示该动作或状态的结束。

【例句】It was three weeks since he was ill.他的病已经好了三周了。

3.主句+because/as/since引导的原因状语从句

【例句】The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair because he wanted to sit next to

his wife.那位老人让露西挪到另外一张椅子上，因为他想跟他的妻子挨着坐。

4.主句+(al)though/as/while/even though/even if引导的让步状语从句

【例句】Although regular exercise is very important, it’s never a good idea to exercise too

close to bedtime.尽管经常锻炼很重要，但在临睡前锻炼绝对不是个好主意。

5.主句+so that/in order that/in case引导的目的状语从句

【例句】I’ll run slowly so that you can catch up with me.为了能让你赶上我，我会慢慢跑。

6.主句+if/unless/as long as引导的条件状语从句

【例句】I shall go tomorrow unless it rains.如果不下雨，我明天去。

7.主句+as soon as/directly/immediately等引导的时间状语从句 一……就……

【例句】Directly our maths teacher came in, everyone was quiet.我们的数学老师一进来，大家就都安静下来了。

1)时间：

when， not…until(直到…才…)， as soon as(一…就…)

2)目的：

so that + clause; (为了)

3)结果：

so…that…(如此…以至于…)， too…to do(太……以至于……)

4)条件：

if， unless(除非)， as long as(只要)

5)比较：

as…as…(与…一样)， not so…as…， than

(5)认真检查，检查信息点是否全面，时态、人称是否一致，句子结构是否清晰，短语使用、单词拼写是否准确等。

检查后，将草稿誊写在纸上，请注意按结构分段，书写清晰。

下面列举一些在检查中可发现的错误：

We livemore and more comfortable.

改正：comfortably(副词修饰动词)

2.we can getmany informations by reading newspapers.

改正：much information (不可数名词由much修饰)

3.There willhave a football game tomorrow.

改正：There will be a football game tomorrow.(Therebe句型的将来时结构)

4.I thinkride a bike can keep our health.

改正：I think riding a bike can keep us healthy.(动名词作主语)

掌握了以上的写作方法和技巧，建议同学们多练习或模仿不同题材的文章，正如一句格言“No pains，no gains.”所述，相信参加小升初的学子们只要能够坚持反复的写作磨练与付出就一定能在来年的择校考中写出一篇能够展示内心世界之美的英语作文。

1.时间：when, not…until, as soon as

2.目的：so that从句; to do(为了)

3.结果：so…that 从句, too…to do(太……以至于……)

4.条件：if, unless(除非), as long as(只要)

5.让步：though, although, even though, even if ，no matter what/when/where/who/which/how

6.比较：as…as…, not so…as…, than

宾语从句是指在一个句子中充当宾语的句子。

例如：

He said that he wanted to be a teacher when he grew up.

他说长大后想当一名老师。

①宾语从句的连接词：

宾语从句的连接词包括that、if/whether(是否)、特殊疑问词。

②宾语从句的语序：

A. 宾语从句的连接词后加陈述语序(主语在前，谓语在后)。

例如：I want to know if he can come tomorrow.

我想知道他明天是否能来。

B. 当连接词本身又是宾语从句的主语时，后面直接加谓语动词。

例如：She asked me who had helped him.

她问我谁帮助了他。

③宾语从句的时态，只要记住以下口诀即可：“主现则从任，主过则从过，客观真理一般现”

A. 主现则从任：主句如果是一般现在时，则从句根据时间状语需要从八种时态中任选一种。

例如：1.He tells me he studied English in England last year.

他告诉我他去年在英国学习英语。

B. 主过则从过：主句如果是一般过去时，则从句根据时间状语需要从四种带“过”字的时态中任选一种，带“过”字的时态分别是如：一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时。

例如：He told me that he liked playing football.

他告诉我他喜欢踢足球。

C. 客观真理一般现：客观真理永远用一般现在时。

例如：He said the moon goes around the earth.他说月亮绕着地球转。

定语是指在句子中用来修饰名词、代词的成分。

例如：I will give my teacher a bunch of beautiful flower.(beautiful是定语)

我给我的老师一束漂亮的花。

定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。

例如：I have met a doctor who is in the No.1 hospital.

我认识了一位第一医院的医生。

定语从句的关系词：

关系代词：who、which、whom、whose、that

关系副词：when、where、why

1.It disappointed everybody that

he didnt turn up.一般

The fact that he did n t turn up

disappointed everybody.特殊

2.I happened to have met him.一般

It happened that I had met him. 特殊

3.To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things.一般

What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things. 特殊

1.I wont believe what he says.一般

No matter what he says, I wont believe.特殊

2.If you come back before six oclock, you can go out.一般

You can go out on condition that you come back before six oclock. 特殊

3 If she doesnt agree, what shall we do? 一般

Supposing that she doesnt agree, what shell we do ?特殊

1、定语从句的概念

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

2、定语从句的关系词

引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who(宾格whom，所有格whose)等，关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。

3、定语从句的分类

根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去。非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。

4、关系代词的用法

(1)that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。

例如：

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle。

玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)

The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue。

我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)

(2)which用于指物，在句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。

例如：

The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket。

位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)

The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful。

我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)

(3)who， whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom。who和whom作宾语时也可省略。

例如：

The girl who often helps me with my English is from England。

经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)

Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?

正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)

4、关系副词的用法

(1)when指时间，其先行词表示时间，when在定语从句中作时间状语。

例如：

This was the time when he arrived。

这是他到达的时间。

(2)where指地点，其先行词表示地点，where在定语从句中作地点状语。

例如：

This is place where he works。

这是他工作的地点。

(3)why 指原因，其先行词是原因，why在定语从句中做原因状语。

例如：

Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school。

没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。

Good evening, Dear teachers and friends!

Do you have any good friends? Are you happy with your friends every day? Today my topic is A true friend .

Every one of us, rich or poor, should at least have one or two good friends. In my opinion, when you re sad, a true friend can talk with you, then give you some advice, and make you smile. When you re happy, a true friend is happy, too. If you don t feel well, a true friend will ask you what the matter is and take care of you. If you do something wrong, a true friend will tell you it isn t right and what is correct. A true friend will stay with you if you want some help. A true friend will forgive you if you have an argument. What s more, when you get good grades, a true friend will be very excited and proud of you. Whether rich or poor, a true friendship never changes.

I often feel very lucky to have a lot of good friends. Especially when I had Qiqi as one of my best friends. We have been good friends since I came to Hongli School. She studies hard and we are deskmates. She is very lovely and helpful. He always helps me study and helps me deal with my problems. When I feel sleepy in class, she always remind me; when I feel sad, she always tells me jokes and makes me happy again. When I m in trouble, I always ask her for help. With her help , I study well now and feel happy every day. I would like say thanks to her.

In my eyes, a true friendship likes a bridge, connects our hearts. It makes us feel warm. So I think a true friendship is one of the most important things in our wonderful lives. I also believe we will be true friends. That s all! Thank you!

名词性从句，含主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四种;定语从句;状语从句

A. 主语从句：

Eg1：What worries many parents is that Internet or computer games may impact kids’ study.

Eg2：It is said that an emperor of ancient China discovered Tea 5,000 years ago. (it为形式主语;that从句为真正主语)

B.宾语从句：

Eg1：Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life is measured by how much they can borrow, not by how much they can earn.

Eg2: I am convinced that it is of great necessity for youngsters to study hard.

Eg3：明智的人不为别人的想法所影响。The sensible man is not influenced by what other people think.

C. 表语从句：

Eg1：That is why China is called the “Kingdom of Bicycles”.

Eg3：In team games, practice is what improves our sense of cooperation.

D. 同位语从句

Eg1：(Martin Luther King) I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal." (该句中a dream = that 从句，)

Eg2：Others hold the different idea that online shopping brings us some problems.

E. 含同位语句式

A.人 身份

Eg. I am convinced that …

As a college student, I am convinced that …

I, as a college student, am convinced that …

B. 物 性质

Eg. A strong will brings us power …

As a vital quality, a strong will brings us power…

A strong will, as a vital quality, brings us power…

插入语

Eg1：As I see, the causes of this phenomenon are diverse.

The causes of this phenomenon, as I see, are diverse.

Eg2：All of a sudden, the silence of the lake was broken by a scream.

The silence of the lake, all of a sudden, was broken by a scream.

Eg3：Even so, others hold a different view.

Others, even so, hold a different view.

Eg4：Like anything else, automobiles have more than one side. (汽车跟很多其他事物一样，具有两面性)

Automobiles, like anything else, have more than one side.

F. 定语从句：

步骤：1)先写出正确简单句，确定被修饰成分(中心名词)

2)在中心名词后加入定从，关系词who, whose, whom, where, which, when

Eg1：Taobao is a particularly popular website. ? Taobao is a particularly popular website, where/in which customers can purchase various goods.

Eg2：I will advice my foreign friend to visit Great Wall, where he or she can acquire knowledge of Chinese history.?

1.--- Is the girl __ is interviewing the manager of that company your friend? --Yes, she is a journalist from CCTV. A. whom B. which C. who D. whose

2. Do you still remember the movie _____ we saw last weekend? A. who B. what C. that D. whom

3. ---Who is your new English teacher? ---Elena, the woman ____ is wearing a red T-shirt over there.

A. 不填 B. whom C. whose D. who

4. Is that the man _____ helped us a lot after the earthquake? A. whose B. which C. when D. who

5. ---What are you looking for? --- I’m looking for the pen ___ I bought yesterday. A. who B. which C. whose

6. This is the novel_____ written by Guo Jingming. A. who B. what C. that D. /

7. We should be ready to help the people ____ are in trouble. A. whose B. whom C. which D. who

8. Two years has passed, but Chinese people still remember those exciting days ____ they spent during the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. A. that B. who C. when

9. The magician _____ played magic tricks in 2008 CCTV Spring Festival Gala is Liu Qian. He is popular in China now. A. whose B. who C. which

10. July likes music very much. She likes music ____ she can dance to. A. what B. who C. that

11. At school, you should do the things _____ are allowed by the teachers. A. that B. when C. what

12. Thought is the key _____ opens the doors of the world. A. why B. where C. which D. who

13. The gentlemen ___ are coming to my office tomorrow are my classmates many years ago.

A. whom B. who C. those D. which

14. That’s the man _____ house was destroyed in the storm. A. that B. whose C. who D. which

15. The girl ____ I just talked with is Ben’s sister. A. whom B. which C. she

16. I love people ____ are friendly to others. A. which B. whose C. what D. who

17. It’s time to say goodbye to my school. I’ll always remember the people _____ have helped me.

A. who B. what C. which D. where

18. I like the teacher ____ classes are very interesting and creative. A. which B. who C. what D. whose

19. Do you know the boy ____ is sitting next to Peter? ---Yes. He is Peter’s friend. They are celebrating his ____ birthday. A. who, ninth B. that, nineth C. /, nineth D. which, ninth

20.ShaolinTemple__lies in the west of Zhengzhou welcomes the visitors from abroad.A.where B.which C.who

1.—Where was your brother at this time last night?—He was writing an e-mail ___I was watching TV at home.

A.as soon as B.after C.until D.while

2.The film “Kung Fu Panda” is___interesting__I would like to see it again. A.such,that B.too,to C.as,as D.so that

3.Tom will call me as soon as he ___home. A.gets B.has got C.got D.will get

4. We will have no water to drink___we don’t protect the earth. A.until B.before C.though D.if

5.We won’t start the meeting ___our teacher arrives. A.though B.until C.while D.or

6.Bob promises to join in the football match____he has to help his parents on the farm..

A. if  B.as C. unless  D. when

7.___it’s difficult to make her dream come ture, she never gives up. A.Though B.Unless C.Because D.If

8.---Could you tell me when Mr. Li___in Huanggang?---Sure. When he ___, I’ll call you.

A.arrives; will arrive B.will arrive; arrives C.arrives; arrives D.will arrive; will arrive

9.In summer, food goes bad easily__it is put in the refrigerator. A.until B.if C.unless

10.A moment, please. I’m checking if Mr. Smith__free tomorrow. A.is B.being C.to be D.will be

11.I didn’t go to bed __my mother came back late last night.A.so; B.until C.though

12.Hurry up,___you will miss the early train. A. or B.and C.if D.unless

13.---Tommy, do you know if Frank___to the theatre with us this Sunday if it ___?---Sorry, I have no idea.

A.will go, is fine; B.goes, is fine C.will go, is going to be fine D.goes; will be fine

14.What a beautiful painting it is! I’ve never seen ___painting. A.such a B.a C.such D.this better

15.I don’t know __he will come tomorrow.___he comes, I’ll tell you.

A.if, Whether B.whether, Whether C.if, That D.if, If

基本概念定语：用于修饰名词或代词的成分就叫定语。 定语从句：如果修饰某个名词或代词的定语是一个完整的句子，这个句子就叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句放在先行词后面。定语从句的引导：定语从句的引导词代替的是先行词。

1、当定语从句所修饰的名词是事、物时，用that/which引导，且that/which在定语从句中作主语或宾语。e.g:a.Thisisthepenthat/whichIboughtyesterday.

2.当定语从句所修饰的名词是人时用that/who引导，引导词再从句中做主语或宾语。

3.定语从句修饰的名词时地点时用which/that或where引导:若地点名词在定语从句中是作主语或宾语就用that/which引导，是作地点状语则用where引导，可与“介词+which”互换。作visited的宾语)作介词in的宾语)作work的地点状语)

4.当定语从句修饰的名词是时间名词时：若在定语从句中作主语或宾语用that/which,作时间状语则用when,同样可与“介词+which”互换。

5.当定语从句所修饰的名词在定语从句中表示原因时用why。’tcomeisstillamystery.

6.当定语从句修饰的名词和引导词后面的那个词之间是所有关系时，用whose引导。女儿已经出国的那个人是位医生)

7.一些特殊情况：

当主句和从句的主语一致，谓语的时态又是同时段发生，可以把从句的主语省去，变谓语动词为现在分词或过去分词。如果分词的逻辑或时间意义不明确，还可以保留连词。

例1：Guests mingle while enjoying cake, punch and other treats.

客人们一边吃蛋糕、喝饮料以及享用其它的食品，一边却在一起聊天。

例2：While speaking out against Hitler’s atrocities, the American people generally favored isolationist policies and neutrality.虽然美国人谴责希特勒的暴行，但是他们却一惯奉行孤立政策和中立态度。

例3：Plastics are materials which are softened by heat and set into lasting form when shaped in a mold.

注：如果从句的谓语是系动词be，在简化句型时应该把be动词改成being，但是由于being语义意义，所以可以省略，这样就造成了形容词作状语了。

例1：These apples, when ripe, are picked.这些苹果一旦熟了就要被摘下来。

例2：She knows all the hazards of smoking while pregnant.她知道怀孕时吸烟的一切危害性。

一般说来，用on和at表示“as soon as, once”。on后面常接“来、去”之类的词，at后面常接“听到、看到”之类的词。in后面接其他带动作的词，相对于从属连词“while”。

例1：On removing them he was stunned to see that the plates were fogged where the crystals had covered them.当他把晶体揭开时，发现盘子上方雾蒙蒙，他吃了一惊。

例2：In running down the stairs, I heard the clock struck twelve.

我在跑下楼的时候，听见钟敲了十二下。

例3：He jumped with joy at hearing the news.他一听到这个消息就高兴得跳了起来。

N 主从复合句与并列句的相互转换

【例句】

18.Hurry or you will be late for school.

you don’t hurry， you will be late for school.

N从句与从句的相互转换

【例句】

19.He came only after the meeting was over.

He didn’t comethe meeting was over.

N 从句和不定式的转换

【例句】

20.The box is so heavy that I can’t lift it.

The box isheavy for melift.

【正确答案】18.If 19.until20.too……to…….

【规律分析】这部分要求考生了解常见复合句的主句与从句间的关系，掌握复合句从句引导词的用法以及一些起连接作用的词组的用法。

托福写作中从句是很重要的句型，并且使用率比较高，考生们常常用到的从句句型主要有：主语从句、宾语从句、定语从句和同位语从句。下面我们就来看看托福写作中如何让我们的从句将作用发挥到最大吧。

在我们所接触的托福写作范文中，包括老托福和新托福的两类作文，从句在段落中出现的频率都是很高的，尤其是第一段introduction中，一般做背景介绍的时候都会使用宾语从句。

例如：Some people claim that…，在文章的主体部分中，为了体现句式的变化，各种从句交替应用就显得很重要。即使在IBT导入了first draft的概念之后，对文章的内容要求也没有改变要求，需要体现完整性和统一性。

凡事过犹不及，就像美酒再好也不能贪杯一样，从句虽然有很多好处，但千万不要过多重复。虽然从句的优点是简单句不能比拟的，但只有简单句结合从句，才能体现句子的多变性;也只有全部的句子都为主题句服务，文章的整体性才会更好的体现。

以下是议论文写作中比较好的一些从句例子：

1)Many experts claim that people should positively participate in garbage recycle.

宾语从句，一般出现在首段背景介绍部分。

2)Horror movies, in which there might be bleeding and terrifying scenes, are not recommended for children.

定语从句，一般在主体部分中比较常见，用以解释说明，达到简化句子的目的。

3)As long as you are a student, you should always behave yourself.

状语从句，让步状语从句比较常见的使用although或者though来引导，这里介绍一个使用as long as来引导的句子，这个例句可以解释成“做一天和尚撞一天钟”。

4)When it comes to psychology, most people believe that it is a behavioral study.

时间状语从句，例句中的应用表示了“当谈到……的时候”，这是一种美式英语中经常出现的句式，口语和书面语都可以使用，推荐各位掌握。

以上就是在托福写作中从句的用法及重要性，在掌握了从句的正确用法后，我们的托福写作不管在样式上还是在内容上都会有很大改观，离突破托福写作障碍自然也就不远了。最后小编祝大家考试顺利。