关于网络购物安全的英语作文带翻译(20篇)

叮叮叮，马路上响起了刺耳的响声

Jingling,

jingling, there is a sharp noise on the road

大家争先恐后地在马路上行驶。

Everyone

was scrambling on the road.

一遇到红灯，大家就排起了长队。

As

soon as we met the red light, we formed a long line.

一遇到绿灯，大家就又比赛了起来。

As

soon as we meet the green light, we will play again.

路上的赛跑真有趣。

The

race on the road is really interesting.

红灯停，绿灯行，黄灯亮了停一停。

Stop

at the red light, go at the green light, stop at the yellow light.

大家要铭记在心，不然出了大事可就麻烦了。

You

should keep it in mind, or you will be in trouble if something important

happens.

为了家人，为了自己，

For

my family, for myself,

要时刻记住这句话。

Always

remember this sentence.

马路上堵住我不怕，大家不急也不慌，

Im

not afraid to block the road. Everyone is not in a hurry or panic,

慢慢等待。不超，也不急

Wait

slowly. No, no hurry

安全在我心中，大家都铭记。

Security

is in my heart, and everyone remembers it.

“失火了！失火了！”一声声叫喊吵醒了我。我揉着蒙眬的睡眼向窗外一看，呀，对面王阿姨家的小平房烧着了！那熊熊大火像恶魔一样吞噬着平房，滚滚浓烟从中涌出来。大火越来越猛，可却没有出来。我们都为王阿姨及她的家人捏了把汗。

"Fire!

Theres a fire! " A shout woke me up. I rubbed Mengs sleeping eyes and looked

out of the window. Ah, the small bungalow opposite Aunt Wangs house was

burning! The blaze devoured the bungalow like a demon, and smoke poured out of

it. The fire grew fiercer and fiercer, but it didnt come out. We all sweat for

Aunt Wang and her family.

在众人都在担忧时，王阿姨和她的家人却平安无事地逃了出来。原来，当大火来袭时，王阿姨没有惊慌失措，而是镇定地把家中的被子、棉衣全用水浸湿，裹在身上，并用湿毛巾捂住口、鼻，等火势稍小时逃了出来。没一会儿，消防员来了，他们立即扑灭了大火。

When

everyone was worried, Aunt Wang and her family escaped peacefully. It turned out

that when the fire hit, Aunt Wang did not panic, but calmly soaked the quilt and

cotton padded clothes in her home with water, wrapped them around her body,

covered her mouth and nose with a wet towel, and escaped a little later. After a

while, the firemen came, and they put out the fire immediately.

这次起火的原因，就是家里的易燃物品被烧着了，虽然是小物品，但是烧着了火势可不小哇！

The

reason for the fire is that the inflammables in the house are burned. Although

its small, the fire is not small!

我们身边处处都会有安全隐患，同学们，我们要把消防安全牢记心中！

There

will be hidden dangers around us. Students, we should keep fire safety in

mind!

Food

safety has been closely watched, because our everyday life simply can not do

without food. Everyone knows this, but always some people again, lets worry

about it, whether our food safety and health.

Recently

of malachite green, Sudan red, and so on have been "destroyed" and are these

hearts duck eggs, and havent been solved completely. But even if they now have

to solve, but we also have to worry about "they" will not back not just in the

future? Thought of here, I cant help but think constantly behind the scenes

"make" the food of a few to endanger the safety of life. So I just sent a such

doubts are these people for the sake of what? I want to or for a word - money,

money is the devils bait. Because of the money, how many times this happened in

the world of murder, robbery and theft? Who would have thought such a sum of

money, is want to jail and the court criminal "supplier"?

Is

because the money has arisen: artificial sweetener, saccharin sodium, cyclamate

and preservatives (sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate), etc. The use of food

additives. Therefore, I very want to some people dont understand, how many

people did their "product" harm? There are a lot of people after eating these

so-called "health and safe food" and diarrhea and vomiting, and even lost his

life!

However,

I think, in addition to criticise those who only know to make money and people

who do not care about their health and safety, we also need to improve their

awareness.

Such

as: apple too shiny instructions may be played in a wax. White spot on the

grapes too much may be excessive pesticide use.

These

instructions, defense artificially added chemicals in food, some harmful

substance is but with the naked eye or simple method of inspection.

We

should pay attention to food safety, want to for the sake of our health and make

great efforts, to strive for the sake of our civilization.

食品安全一直倍受关注，因为我们的日常生活根本离不开食品。所有人都知道这一点，但又总一些人，让我们担心，我们的食品是否安全，是否卫生。

最近的孔雀石绿、苏丹红等这些是已经被“消灭”了还有红心鸭蛋等还没完全被解决的。不过就算它们现在已经给解决了，可是我们还要担心“它们”还会不会在不就的将来卷土重来呢?想到这里，我就不禁想到了在幕后不断“制造”这一些危害人生安全的食品的人。于是我就发出了这样的疑惑这些人是为了什么?我想还是为了一个字——钱，钱是魔鬼得意的诱饵。因为钱，这世界上发生过多少次的谋杀、抢劫和盗窃?谁能想到这么一张张的钱币，竟是想监狱和法庭输送罪犯的“供应商”?

也就是因为了钱产生了：人工合成甜味剂(糖精钠、甜蜜素)和防腐剂(苯甲酸钠、山梨酸钾)等食品添加剂的使用情况。因此，我十分的想些人明不明白，他们的“产品”危害了多少人?有许多的人因为吃了这些所谓的“卫生、安全食品”而上吐下泻乃至丢了性命的!

不过，我想，除了批评那些只知道赚钱而不顾及他们身体健康、安全的人以外，我们还要提高自己的防范意识!

如：苹果过于的`发亮说明苹果可能打过蜡。葡萄上的白斑过多可能就是农药使用过量。

这些说明，防御食品中人为的添加化学物质、有害物质有些是可是用肉眼或简单的方法检验出来的。

我们要关注食品安全，要为了我们的健康而努力，要为了我们的文明而努力。

同学们，生活中最重要是什么?当然，肯定是安全!为了安全期间，那就应该学会自我保护才行。大家在家里的家人的保护。可是，你想过吗?在外面怎么办?所以每时每刻都要小心。

Students,

what is the most important thing in life? Of course, it must be safety! In order

to be safe, we should learn to protect ourselves. The protection of everyones

family at home. But have you thought about it? What to do outside? So be careful

all the time.

每天有多少事故发生。有的车祸而死亡，有的因火灾而死亡，有的……在今年寒假，我就亲眼目睹了一次意外。那天妈妈带我去看太公，有一辆摩托车在我面前开过，那坐着4个人，并且开的很快。前面忽然又开出一辆摩托车来，那时他不停的踩刹车。已经没用了，世上已经又消失了一个生命了。他的`命还很长啊!为什么那么快就死亡呢?那都是不小心造成的。

How

many accidents happen every day. Some died in car accidents, some in fires, some

During this winter vacation, I witnessed an accident with my own eyes. That day,

my mother took me to see Taigong. There was a motorcycle driving in front of me.

There were four people sitting there, and they drove very fast. Suddenly another

motorcycle came out in front of him. At that time, he kept stepping on the

brake. Its useless. Theres another life gone. His life is still very long! Why

did he die so soon? It was all caused by carelessness.

世界上的事故有多少不是不小心造成的?只要我们学会交通安全，那就一定能打败不小心的!

How

many accidents in the world are not caused by carelessness? As long as we learn

traffic safety, we can defeat carelessness!

我们是新时代的接班人，是国家的希望和未来。所以，就让“安全”着两个字永远牢记在我们心中吧!

We

are the successor of the new era, the hope and future of our country. So, let

the word "safety" be remembered in our hearts forever!

以下是《九年级英语作文:我和哥哥的历险记》翻译。

It was sunny that day. Our parents were out, so there were only my brother and me at home. We were bored. So we decided to go boating. We played happily. But when we went to the middle of the river, the weather changed. It rained suddenly. We didn t bring umbrella and our boat was bamboo raft. As the rain was more and heavier, we were afraid to sink in the river. We tried our best to make our boat in shore. But our bamboo raft had more water on it. I was afraid to die. My brother was also very anxious. At that time, my mother came and she pulled us back to the ground. It was thrilling.

那是一个晴天。我们的父母都出去了，所以只有我和哥哥在家。我们很无聊。所以我们决定去划船。我们玩的很开心。但当我们走到河中央时，天气变了。突然下起雨来。我们没带伞，而且我们的船还竹排。由于雨越来越大，我们担心会沉到河里去。我们尽力使我们的船靠岸。但是竹筏上的水越来越多。我害怕死了。我哥哥也很着急。那时，我妈妈来了来了，她把我们拉回到地面。真的惊心动魄啊。

The advent of the Internet ushered in a new era of interpersonal communications and business operations. Undoubtedly, the Net are revolutionizing the daily lives of the people who have an access to it. The primary reason behind the Internet boom roots in its multifunction. It provides a vehicle for netizens to shop, search, publish blogs and browse WebPages.

A range of problems lurking behind the frenzy of Internet impressively stand out. A vast majority of Internet users mail boxes are saturated with junk mails, an issue which sparks strong criticism and generates the loss of corporate productivity. Its not alone. Porn websites lure a growing number of young peoples visits. False news via the e-mail, BBS and chat room increasingly poses a threat to the social prosperity and stability.

To crack down them, we should push for a more effectively tough law. We should join our forces to launch a nation-wide campaign, including imposing stiff penalties on spammers, shutting down or blocking the lewd sites and introducing a real-name registration system to curb fraudulent messages. We can fully believe that our combined efforts will reap rewards. A clean cyberspace will paint our lives more colorfully. An economically booming and technologically advanced global web will play a vital role in the national economic and cultural advancement.

Along with the time development, accessing the net already turned the extremely universal matter. No matter is adult or the child, so long as mentioning the computer, all think of internet. But, accessing the internet is advantageous ,but also has shortcoming.

I knew very many people access the net, mainly is for playing games, which is very bad for the study. Therefore, some people believed, the elementary and middle school students lack the self-control.

But,there are many people approving to accessing internet, why? Because internet can provide to the people very helps. First, the network looks like a library, we can look up very many materials easily,and it is quicker than the speed of consulting books; Next, we may read a richer news on-line; In addition, accessing the net also has other functions, for example, E-mail, telephoning on the net and so on.

Actually, accessing the net has its profit and the shortcoming place. We use it to open to expand the field of vision, the study knowledge, but must certainly grasp the discretion.

As time goes on,going surfing on the Internet become more and more popular.It is a new phenomenon and sounds an alarm (for online security ).

Network security cover anti- virus , network security and hacker protection . Together with the technology of Access Control , redundant backup recovery and network security , it makes an allround security system . Many companies devote to the information security technology and product research and development , production and sales , providing advanced network security solutions . Firewall just is an effective measure of network security .

My views on campus security

Our university have a bad campus security problem I think.There is so much thieve in our campus,one of my schoolmate had already been stolen three bicycle,for more convenience in campus,he cannot help but bought anyother second hand bicycle.they go to the emplacement bridge for second hand bicycle,and the crabman there find more bikes for selling,and then people who lost the bicycle go there for another,then they stolen more, then come into being avicious circle that will never be end. From Joozone.com.And the dormitory security isn’t enough for more and more student found that they have been stolen valuables when they come back dormitory after class. For does the campus sexurity well,I think it should give more guards around student’s dormitories when students are studying.And I think it also should make another more firmly door for dormitory guard.

With the arrival of the knowledge economy age, Internet, as a new media, has come into our life. Nowadays, getting on line and surfing the Internet for information has become popular in China, especially among college students and teachers. Why is Internet getting so popular in such a short time?

The popularity of Internet results from its great convenience and easy accessibility to information. Thanks to the Internet, a world of information is just a click away. E-mail is another contributing factor to its popularity. It can transmit your letter quickly, safely and accurately. Besides, Internet has some other uses. Doctors may use it to diagnose and treat their patients by discussing or exchanging experiences with doctors in other parts of the world. Students may obtain new knowledge from a national long-distance educational system via Internet. Finally, businessman can conduct E-commerce or E-business on the net.

With so many uses and advantages, there is no doubt more and more people will be wired to the Internet-the information expressway. In short, with its high speed and efficiency, Internet will be more popular in China in the near future.

The Chinese economy will continue its steady development in the tuture

this optimistic prediction was based on continuity and stability of macro-economic policy, coming benefits of World TradeOrganization entry, strengthening of tertiary industry, and expected profits from growth markets including housing, travel andculture.

other factors driving steady growth of the economy in the long run include globalization of the economy, urbanization, the combination of industrialization with development of the information industry, and the growing

Recently, the news that U.Sattack on Chinas Internet is always exposed. And the question of how to stayonline safely raises a lot of discussion in our country. As a result, in theera of rapid development of network, we must take measures to protect oursecurity of privacy and property effectively.

最近的新闻都揭示了美国对中国互联网的攻击。如何安全地上网在我国引起了大量的讨论。结果是在网络飞速发展的时代，我们必须要采取有效的措施来保护我们的隐私和财产安全。

From my perspective, in the firstplace, we should call attention to our personal information. Not only do we not offer them at random in some strange websites, but we need to distinguish right from wrong among the numerous websites. Furthermore, it is inevitable that somesecure anti-virus soft wares can be installed. And it will make it possible for that network can run more steadily. In addition to doing some work byourselves, the government needs to draw up some policies to preserve nationalcyber security. It involves probing for deeply rooted reasons, devising creative solutions, developing high-tech talents and strengthening thesupervision.

从我的角度来看，首先，我们应该关注我们的个人信息。我们不仅不随随便便在一些奇怪的网站提供自己的信息，而且我们需要在众多的网站之间明辨是非。此外，安装一些安全的杀毒软件是必须的。这使得网络运行更加稳定。除了我们自己该做一些努力之外，还需要政府制定相关政策来保护国家网络安全。这就涉及到探究深层次的原因，想出有创造性的解决方案，发展高新技术人才、加强监管。

Although scientists still cannot overcome the problem completely, they are studying a great deal about how to protect our national cyber security. However, consciousness of cyber security should not decline. Only in this way, we just enjoy the convenience brought by the network.

尽管科学家仍无法完全克服这个问题，但是他们正在研究大量关于如何保护我们国家网络安全的办法。然而，不应该放松网络安全意识。只有这样我们才能享受到网络带给我们的便利。

Social Network 社交网络

A social network is a social structure made up of inpiduals (or organizations) called "nodes", which are tied (connected) by one or more specific types of interdependency, such as friendship, kinship, common interest, financial exchange, dislike, sexual relationships, or relationships of beliefs, knowledge or prestige.

社会网络是是由个人（或组织）构成的社会结构称为“节点”，是一个或多个相互依存的具体类型连接起来的，比如友情，亲情，共同的利益，金融交易，厌恶，性关系，信念，知识或声望。

Social Networks are groups of people who share interests and who interact in a variety of ways via software on websites. These include file-sharing, chatting, messaging, exchanging photos/video etc. Social network sites are usually free to join. Include Myspace,Facebook,Bebo,Orkut,LinkedIn and so on.

社会网络是通过网站软件分享共同兴趣，通过各种方式进行互动的一个群体。这些包括文件共享，聊天，信息传送，交换照片/视频等。社交网站是免费加入的。包括聚友网，脸谱网，贝博网，我酷，商务化人际关系网等。

We define social network sites as web-based services that allow inpiduals to construct a public or semi-public profile within a bounded system, articulate a list of other users with whom they share a connection, and view and traverse their list of connections and those made by others within the system. The nature and nomenclature of these connections may vary from site to site.

我们定义了社交网站为网络服务，允许个人在一个固定的系统构建公共或半公共的轮廓，阐明了一个和他们共享一个连接的其他用户名单，并查看，连接其他系统内的列表。不同的站点这些联系的性质和命名可能会有所不同。

The Importance of Social Networking

社会网络的重要性

Social networking can help a business gain contacts, clients, and increased public awareness.

社会网络可以帮助企业获得联系，客户，和提高公众意识。

Even entrepreneurs who run small businesses from their homes can take advantage of this resource to set up a global presence.

即使是经营很小的家族企业的企业家，也可以利用这一资源，建立全球性。

To make the most of social networking, its important to fully understand the concept of social networking and how it can be applied in ways that will help you grow your business.

利用社会网络，重要的是要充分了解社会网络的概念以及它是如何应用的，这将有助于你事业的成长。

Social networking is making its mark in history these days. In fact, it is progressing so fast, it is leaving the news media in the dust. Everyday people are reporting news faster than a whole news team.

目前社交网络努力在历史上留下印记。事实上，它发展得如此迅速，新闻媒体都落后于它。人们每天报道的新闻比整个新闻团队的还要快。

In light of recent celebrity photo leaks from their cloud accounts, one major topic at this years China Internet Security Conference is cloud security. People have all heard the term "cloud" so many times, but what exactly is it?

The cloud refers to software and services that run on the Internet instead of your computer. Apple’s iCloud, for example, is a popular cloud service, as well as Dropbox and Google Drive.

The advantages of using the cloud? First, you can access your documents, photos and videos from anywhere. Your home, the office, on the train, as long as you’re connected to the Internet. You can also access your files from multiple devices like an iPhone, an iPad or a computer. And to make things even better, you don’t have to worry about backups, because most cloud services automatically saves your data for you.

The only problem is, when you a file from one device, make sure it’s d from the cloud too. Otherwise, a copy of it will be left in the cloud.

The humn beings are stepping into the information society. The information industry develops very rapidly, so do the hackers, trick-playing teens, exploring children, fraudsters, and serious

wite-collar criminals. Thus, information security becomes an impending important issue.

In case of information breach, the victimsgovernment department, an organization, or an institution, or a company will inevitably suffer great or small loss. Government may be threated with national security. Companies may lose opportunities to develop new projects. And the publics and users will be damaged.

Then how to deal with this issueTechnology is only a partial solution to information security. Whats more important is that organizations and companies should promote the awareness on information security to its staff. However, since no system can ever be 100 percent secure, a

prevention-only approach to information security mangaement is not enough. Companies and organizations should adopt a dual approach to information security management by combining prevention and detection techniques.

With the development of science and technology, it is much more common for people to buy goods through different kinds of media than before. People can buy things such as computers and necklaces through TV, radio, the Internet, etc.

Shopping through media is welcomed by most people due to various reasons. From the perspective of consumers, it can save time for people who don’t have much spare time. For retailers, it can cut costs for those without much circulating funds. However, there are still some defects in shopping through media. First, compared with face-to-face deal, it seems less reliable and trustworthy. Second, people will lose the fun of bargaining.

In my view, although shopping via media brings great convenience to us, we still should be brings great convenience to us, we still should be

careful when we “go shopping” through media. We should check the information released by the media. Only in this way can we fully enjoy the convenience brought by media shopping without the concern of being cheated.

Shopping online is quite popular in our daily life now. Some people think shopping online is very convenient. However, others don’t believe goods online and they afraid of being cheated.

In my opinions, shopping online is better. First, it can help us save much time. We don’t need spend much time in the street to look for the goods . Second, we can compare some goods and their prices at home. When the prices are listed ,we can buy Besides, we can pay for our goods after we get them. Don’t you think it’s a good way to go shopping?

[英语作文网络购物利与弊

Nowadays, online shopping is very popular for us to buy what we want.However, every coin has two sides.There are certain advantages and disadvantages of online shopping.

I think that advantages of online shopping are much more than its disadvantages.When shopping on the Internet and the global convergence,and is eager to grasp the fashion,the courage to try to have the family shopping, shopping quickly embark on a fantasy trip;Internet shopping from the conversation, payment, delivery, etc. entire transaction process, as long as it can on the Internet can easily get through the Internet, but also worried that with time;True contradictions, and do not want to go out, but there are things to buy.Not anxious to hurry up and open online shopping! Light points mouse goods immediately to the designated location;Hate shops face-to-face bargaining? Internet shopping to help you remove this problem.

Exchanges through the network can become friends for another shopping channel;Are in a foreign land, not peer-goers goods, not to buy things for people,and there is no need to feel sad for these, the owner of the Internet will be enthusiastic about your posts heart friends;Carefully selected, the results did not buy into, the owner was cold-shouldered by the experience you have had? Internet shopping you can see all goods Gegou,see the appropriate enthusiasm and the seller can talk to buy, do not face. Real happy shopping!

However, shopping on the Internet also has its disadvantages. The first disadvantage is that the consumers cant see the goods or try them on personally. Sometimes, the real goods may not be the same as what they have seen on the computer. The second disadvantage is that some shops on the Internet are not registered. They will never deliver anything to you after they get the money from you. Once cheated, you will find that you have nowhere to go to complain.There is always a trap online. If you are careless, it will bring you some trouble. You may find the color of the article is different from what you want, or the size is either too small or too big. If you want to be different, youd better not buy clothes online. Once you put on the clothes you bought online and go out, you will find many people wear the same clothes in the street.

Anyway, we should consider carefully which way to choose before we really buy so that we can buy the ideal goods.

Along with the time development accessing the net already turned the extremely universal matter. No matter is adult or the child so long as mentioning the computer all think of internet. But accessing the internet is advantageous but also has shortcoming.

I knew very many people access the net mainly is for playing games which is very bad for the study. Therefore some people believed the elementary and middle school students lack the self-control.

Butthere are many people approving to accessing internet why? Because internet can provide to the people very helps. First the network looks like a library we can look up very many materials easilyand it is quicker than the speed of consulting books; Next we may read a richer news on-line; In addition accessing the net also has other functions for example E-mail telephoning on the net and so on.

Actually accessing the net has its profit and the shortcoming place. We use it to open to expand the field of vision the study knowledge but must certainly grasp the discretion.随着时间的发展，接入网已经变成了极为普遍的问题。不管是大人还是孩子，只要一提电脑，都想到互联网。但是，上网是有利的，但也有缺点。

网络的好与坏高中英语作文 我知道很多人上网，主要是玩游戏，这对学习是很不好的。因此，有人认为，中小学生缺乏自我控制能力。

但是，有许多人赞成上网，为什么呢?因为互联网可以为人们提供很有帮助。首先，网络就像一个图书馆，我们可以看到很多材料很容易，而且比查阅书籍速度快;其次，我们可以读到更丰富的新闻在线;此外，上网还有其它作用，例如，电子邮件，网上通电话等等。

其实，上网有它的盈利和缺点的地方。我们用它来开阔视野，拓展视野，学习知识，但一定要把握自由裁量权。

Recentlythe news that U.S attack on Chinas Internet is always exposed.And the question of how to stay online safely raises a lot of discussion in our country.As a resultin the era of rapid development of networkwe must take measures to protect our security of privacy and property effectively.

最近的新闻都揭示了美国对中国网络的攻击.如何安全地上网在我国引起了大量的讨论.结果是在网络飞速发展的时代我们必须要采取有效的措施来保护我们的隐私和财产安全.

From my perspectivein the first placewe should call attention to our personal information.Not only do we not offer them at random in some strange websitesbut we need to distinguish right from wrong among the numerous websites.Furthermoreit is inevitable that some secure anti-virus soft wares can be installed.And it will make it possible for that network can run more steadily.In addition to doing some work by ourselvesthe government needs to draw up some policies to preserve national cyber security.It involves probing for deeply rooted reasonsdevising creative solutionsdeveloping high-tech talents and strengthening the supervision.

从我的角度来看首先我们应该关注我们的个人信息.我们不仅不随随便便在一些奇怪的网站提供自己的信息而且我们需要在众多的网站之间明辨是非.此外安装一些安全的杀毒软件是必须的.这使得网络运行更加稳定.除了我们自己该做一些努力之外还需要政府制定相关政策来保护国家网络安全.这就涉及到探究深层次的原因想出有创造性的解决方案发展高新技术人才、加强监管.

Although scientists still cannot overcome the problem completelythey are studying a great deal about how to protect our national cyber security.Howeverconsciousness of cyber security should not decline.Only in this waywe just enjoy the convenience brought by the network.网络的好与坏高中英语作文

尽管科学家仍无法完全克服这个问题但是他们正在研究大量关于如何保护我们国家网络安全的办法.然而不应该放松网络安全意识.只有这样我们才能享受到网络带给我们的便利.

How to improve network security

As time goes ongoing surfing on the Internet become more and more popular.It is a new phenomenon and sounds an alarm (for online security ).

Network security cover anti- virus network security and hacker protection . Together with the technology of Access Control redundant backup recovery and network security it makes an allround security system . Many companies devote to the information security technology and product research and development production and sales providing advanced network security solutions . Firewall just is an effective measure of network security .如何提高网络安全

随着时间的推移，上网冲浪变得越来越流行，这是一个新的现象，听起来是一个警钟(在线安全)。

网络安全覆盖防病毒、网络安全和黑客保护。结合访问控制技术、冗余备份恢复、网络安全，它使一个全面的安全系统。许多公司致力于信息安全技术和产品的研发、生产和销售，提供先进的网络安全解决方案。防火墙只是是网络安全的一种有效措施。