课外阅读国学经典故事（优秀20篇）

成康之治指西周时成王、康王相继在位的四十余年间，形成了安定强盛的政治局面。

为慑服商顽民而建的成周城落成后，辅政大臣周公还政于成王，周朝进入巩固时期。成王及其子康王继承文王和武王的功业，坚持节俭，克制多欲，缓和了阶级矛盾。又令周公制礼作乐，即王朝各种典章制度的创立和推行，大规模推行自周武王时就开始的分封制。西周分封，是以宗法血缘关系为纽带，建立起周天子统辖下的地方行政系统，从而在一定时期内起到了加强周王朝统治的作用。

康王之世，周还曾命诸侯征讨淮夷、东夷，加强对异邦的控制。康王在位年间，国力强盛，经济繁荣，文化昌盛，社会安定。成康时期，是周最为强盛的阶段，史家称：“成康之际，天下安宁，刑措四十余年不用。”

周武王姬发灭商建周后，将东方的土地分封给有功之臣和周王室的子孙，又向各边远地区派出大批使者，以宣扬自己的文治武功，希望他们都归顺于周室。

于是，许多远方的小国和部族便派使者送来贡物，以示臣服。其中有一个部落送来一只叫做獒的狗。这只狗身上的毛呈黄褐色，身体较大，尾巴较长，四肢比较短，性格凶猛，善于搏斗。同时，它又很有灵性，在武王面前匍匐在地，好像是在行跪拜之礼一样。武王对此很是喜欢，便重赏了前来进献獒的使者，然后就高兴地逗起獒来。

召公知道这件事后，作了一篇名叫《旅獒》的奏章，呈给周武王。奏章的大意是：如果沉湎于侮辱和捉弄别人，就会使自己丧失崇高的德行;如果沉湎于所喜爱的事物，就会使自己丧失积极进取的志向。周王朝的建立很不容易，不能让它立刻灭亡啊!读了这篇奏章，周武王觉得召公的话很有道理，颇受感动，想起了从前纣王荒淫无度，导致商朝灭亡的惨痛教训，就下令将贡物分别赏赐给各位功臣和各国的诸侯。

周公姓姬名旦，周武王之弟，周成王之叔。武王灭商两年后去世，年幼的成王即位，不能理政，周公代成王摄政，当时天下很不平静，武王的弟弟管叔、蔡叔不服，阴谋作乱;商后裔武庚图谋反叛复国。

周公在内忧外患的情势下摄政，对内勤政仁治，对外镇压叛乱，夙夜操劳，食不甘味，礼贤下士，听取各方面的意见，周公为了国家兴旺，十分珍惜人才，热心接待来宾，甚至到了“一沐三握发，一饭三吐哺”的程度。“握发吐哺”后指贤相勤政爱民，为国殚尽竭虑，废寝忘食，公而忘私，忠心耿耿。曹操在《短歌行》一诗中借用这个典故写道：“周公吐哺，天下归心。”

周武王灭商后第二年，因病去世。他的儿子姬诵继位，即周成王，而此时的周成王还是个毫不懂事的少年。面对刚打下来的江山和年幼无知的侄儿，周武王的弟弟周公旦决定以国家利益为重，代行天子之事，替成王摄政。

此举引起管叔和蔡叔(周武王的堂兄弟)的猜忌，他们牢骚满腹，四处造谣，许多人信以为真，连年少的成王也充满了疑虑，对周公旦的行为产生怀疑。管叔和蔡叔在嫉妒和权力欲望的驱使下，联合商纣王之子武庚举旗反叛，发动了中国历史上有名的“管蔡之乱”。消息传来，周王室上下十分惊恐。

成王虽然年少，但也知道情况严重，完全依赖周公。经过大家的商议和安排，最后决定由周公亲自率领大军迎敌。经过三年苦战，赢得了胜利，武庚在战斗中被打死，管叔被诛杀，蔡叔成了俘虏，被流放到人烟稀少的蛮荒地区。

大军回师那天，周成王亲自到城外去迎接周公，满脸歉疚地说：“予其惩，而毖后患。”“惩前毖后”从此而来。意思为：要从以前的错误中吸取教训，防止以后再犯同样的错误。

大探险家、大外交家张骞在汉武帝初年做郎中时，匈奴中有人投降了汉朝，他们说敦煌（在今甘肃敦煌西）和天山当中有个月氏（ｒùｚｈī）国，恨匈奴，想报仇。汉武帝想跟月氏联合起来切断匈奴跟西域各国的联系。他下诏征求精明强干的人去联络月氏，张骞应征了。有个投降过来的匈奴人叫堂邑父，还有一百多个勇士都愿意跟着张骞一块儿去找月氏国。

公元前１３８年，汉武帝派张骞为使者，带着一百多人从陇西（治所在今甘肃临洮南）出发。陇西外面就是匈奴地界。张骞他们走了几天，终于给匈奴兵围住，做了俘虏，只好住在那边，一住就是十多年。别人都分散了，只有堂邑父跟张骞在一起。日子久了，他们说话、做事，跟匈奴人没有什么不同，匈奴人对他们的看管也放松了。

有一天，张骞和堂邑父带着干粮，趁着别人不留心时，骑上两匹快马逃了。他们要到月氏去，又不知道月氏在哪儿，只往西走。他们跑了几十天，逃出了匈奴地界，闯进了一个叫大宛（在今中亚细亚）的国家。

大宛在月氏北边，是出产快马、葡萄和苜蓿（ｍùｓù）的地方。大宛是匈奴的邻国，懂得匈奴话，张骞和堂邑父都能说匈奴话。大宛人向国王报告，大宛王早就听到过在很远的东方有个中国，地方很富庶，吃的、穿的、住的讲究得没法说，金银财宝、绸缎布帛多得用也用不完，这会儿听到汉朝的使者到了，连忙欢迎。

张骞见了大宛王，要求国王派人送他们去月氏。大宛王就派人送张骞他们到了月氏。张骞见了月氏王，说汉朝愿意跟月氏联合起来共同去打匈奴。

可是，月氏王不想这样。原来月氏老王被匈奴杀了以后，月氏人立他的儿子为王。新王率领着全部人马和牲畜往西逃，一直到了大夏（今阿富汗北部）。月氏人打败了大夏，就建立了一个大月氏国，月氏王不想再去跟匈奴作战，只是很有礼貌地招待汉朝使者。

张骞和堂邑父在月氏住了一年多，没法叫月氏王去打匈奴，只好离开了月氏回国，经过康居（约在今巴尔喀什湖和咸海之间）和大宛，到了匈奴地界，又给匈奴逮住了。他们只好又在那边过了一年多。匈奴的太子和单于争夺王位，国内大乱。张骞同堂邑父就逃回来了。汉武帝见了十三年未见的张骞，拜他为太中大夫，封堂邑父为奉使君。

张骞还想再到西域去。他向汉武帝说：“我在大夏看见邛（ｑｉóｎｇ）山（在今四川）出产的竹杖和蜀地（今四川成都）出产的细布。大夏人说是买卖人从身毒（ｊｕāｎｄǔ）——天竺（今印度）买来的。大夏在长安西边一万二千里。大夏人从身毒买到蜀地的东西，可见身毒离蜀地不远。我们要是从蜀地出发，走西南那条道儿，经过身毒到大夏，就不必经过匈奴了。”

汉武帝听了，打算用礼物和道义去跟这些国家联合起来对付匈奴。他再一次派张骞为使者，从蜀地出发，带着礼物去结交身毒。这次，张骞把人马分成四队，从四个地点出发，走了两千里地，有的给当地的部族打回来，有的给杀害了。往南走的一队人马绕过昆明，到了滇国（今云南南部）。滇国的国王原来是楚国人，很客气地招待使者，愿意帮助使者找道儿去身毒，但昆明人不让过，张骞只好回到长安。汉武帝认为这次在南方结交了一个从没听到过的国家，也很满意。

后来西域一带有许多国家看到匈奴被汉朝打败，就不愿意再向匈奴进贡、纳税。汉武帝趁这个机会，再派张骞去通西域。张骞说：“匈奴西边有个乌孙国（在今新疆）。皇上不妨先结交乌孙王，跟他和亲。乌孙以西的国家，像大宛、康居、大夏、月氏，就容易结交了。”

汉武帝派张骞为使者，拿着汉朝的使节，带着三百个勇士，每人两匹马，还有牛、羊一万多头，黄金、钱币、绸缎、布帛等价值几千万的礼物动身了。

到了乌孙，乌孙王出来迎接。张骞把一份很厚的礼物送给他，对他说：“要是大王能够搬到东边来，皇上愿意把那边的土地封给大王，还把公主嫁给大王做夫人，两国结为亲戚，共同对付匈奴。这对咱们两国都有好处。”

乌孙王请张骞暂时休息几天，自己召集大臣们商议商议。乌孙王和大臣们都害怕匈奴，商议了好几天，决定不下来。张骞就打发他的副手们拿着使节，带着礼物，分别去联络大宛、康居、大月氏、大夏、安息（古代波斯）、身毒、于阗（ｔｉáｎ）（今新疆和田一带）等国家。乌孙王还派了几个翻译帮助他们。许多使者去了好些日子还没回来，乌孙王就打发张骞先回去，他借着送张骞回去，派了几十个人到长安去探看一下。

张骞带着乌孙的使者来见汉武帝。汉武帝见了他们已经很高兴了，又瞧见乌孙王送给他的几十匹高头大马，喜欢得了不得，格外优待乌孙的使者。

过了一年，张骞害病死了。又过了几年，张骞派出去的那些副手们都带着各国的使者陆续回来了。汉武帝非常高兴，他知道了西域有三十六国，他们害怕匈奴，只好把自己的奴隶和财富交给匈奴。这会儿汉朝跟这些国家交好，他们不必纳税，都很很乐意地跟汉朝结交。

乌孙王不愿意搬到东边来，汉武帝就在那边设立了两个郡，一个叫酒泉郡（今甘肃酒泉），一个叫武威郡（治所在今甘肃民勤东北）一年到头有官员和兵士守卫着，不让匈奴南侵。

汉武帝派张骞出使西域。西域三十六国都知道张骞心眼好，够朋友。因此，在很长一个时期，汉朝和西域的友好关系就建立起来了。汉朝从西域那边得到了高头大马、葡萄、苜蓿、胡桃、蚕豆、石榴等几十种物产；西域各国从中国得到了丝和丝织品，学会了耕种、打井和炼铁，发展了生产。张骞走通西域的这条路促进了中外文化交流，后来人们就叫它“丝绸之路”。

张骞是汉武帝时期的人。公元前139年，他受命率人前往西域，寻找并联络曾被匈奴赶跑的大月氏，合力进击匈奴。

张骞一行从长安起程，经陇西向西行进。一路上日晒雨淋，风吹雪打，环境险恶，困难重重。但他信心坚定，不顾艰辛，冒险西行。当他们来到河西走廊一带后，就被占据此地的匈奴骑兵发现。张赛和随从一百多人全部被俘。

匈奴单于知道了张骞西行的目的之后，自然不会轻易放过。把他们分散开去放羊牧马，并由匈奴人严加管制。还给张骞娶了匈奴女子为妻，一是监视他，二是诱使他投降。但是，张骞坚贞不屈。虽被软禁放牧，度日如年，但他一直在等待时机，准备逃跑，以完成自己的使命。

整整过了十一个春秋，匈奴的看管才放松了。张骞乘机和他的贴身随从甘父一起逃走，离开匈奴地盘，继续向西行进。由于他们仓促出逃，没有准备干粮和饮用水，一路上常常忍饥挨饿，干渴难耐，随时都会倒在荒滩上。好在甘父射得一手好箭，沿途常射猎一些飞禽走兽，饮血解渴，食肉充饥，才躲过了死亡的威胁。

这样，一直奔波了好多天，终于越过沙漠戈壁，翻过冰冻雪封的葱岭(今帕米尔高原)，来到了大宛国(今费尔干纳)。高鼻子、蓝眼睛的大宛王，早就听说汉朝是一个富饶的大国，很想建立联系。但苦于路途遥远，交通不便，故一直未能如愿。因此，当听说汉朝使者来到时，喜出望外，在国都热情地接见了张骞。他请张骞参观了大宛国的汗血马。在大宛王的帮助下，张骞先后到了康居(今撒马尔罕)、大月氏、大夏等地。但大月氏在阿姆河上游安局乐业，不愿再东进和匈奴作战。张骞未能完成与大月氏结盟夹击匈奴的使命，但却获得了大量有关西域各国的人文地理知识。

张骞在东归返回的途中，再次被匈奴抓获，后又设计逃出，终于历尽千辛万苦，于13年后回到长安。这次出使西域，使生活在中原内地的人们了解到西域的实况，激发了汉武帝“拓边”的雄心，发动了一系列抗击匈奴的战争。

公元前119年，汉王朝为了进一步联络乌孙，断“匈奴右臂”，便派张骞再次出使西域。这次，张骞带了三百多人，顺利地到达了乌孙。并派副使访问了康居、大宛、大月氏、大夏、安息(今伊朗)、身毒(今印度)等国家。但由于乌孙内乱，也未能实现结盟的目的。汉武帝派名将霍去病带重兵攻击匈奴，消灭了盘踞河西走廊和漠北的匈奴，建立了河西四郡和两关，开通了丝绸之路。并获取了匈奴的“祭天金人”，带回长安。

张骞不畏艰险，两次出使西域，沟通了亚洲内陆交通要道，与西欧诸国正式开始了友好往来，促进了东西经济文化的广泛交流，开拓了丝绸之路，完全可称之为中国走向世界的第一人。

东施效颦

Xi Shi, a famous beauty, had a pain in her bosom(胸部) , so she had a frown

on her face when she went out. An ugly girl who lived nearby saw her and thought

she looked very beautiful. therefore when she went home, she also put her hands

on her bosom and had a frown on her face.

When a rich man in the neighbourhood saw her, he shut his doors tightly and

did not go out. When a poor man saw her, he took his wife and children and gave

her a wide berth(保持安全距离) .

She only knew Xi Shis frown looked beautiful but she did not know the

reason for its beauty.

万事俱备 只欠东风

China has been divided into three kingdoms historically: Wei in the north,

Shu in the southwest and Wu in the southeast.

Once Cao Cao from Wei led a 200,000 strong army down to the south to wipe

out the kingdoms of Wu and Shu. Therefore, Wu and Shu united to defend his

attack. Cao ordered his men to link up the boats by iron chains to form a bridge

for the Caos passing from the north bank of Yangtze River to the south bank.

The General Commander of the allied army was Zhou Yu. He analyzed the situation

carefully. Then he got a good idea. He decided to attack the enemy with fire. So

he began to prepare for the neting battle. Suddenly he thought of the direction

of wind. He needed the east wind to blow strongly in order to acnetplish his

scheme. However, the wind did not nete for days. Thus Zhou Yu was worried about

it. At that time, he got a note from Zhuge Liang, the military adviser of the

State of Shu, which reads:

"To fight Cao Cao

Fire will help you win

Everything is ready

Except the east wind"

Quickly he turned to Zhuge Liang for help. Zhuge told him not to worry and

there would be an east wind in a couple of days. Two days later, the east wind

helped Zhou acnetplish his scheme. At last, the allied army won the war.

Later, people use it to say "All is ready except what is crucial".

专心致志

Yi Qiu was known as the most famous expert at chess throughout the land.

Once he gave lessons on chess to two men. One of them was netpletely absorbed in

his teaching, listening attentively to Yi Qiu while the other, who seemed to be

listening, had his mind on something else. In fact, he was having a fancy that a

swan was flying towards him and he had in his hands a bow and an arrow, ready to

shoot. As a result, though he was having the same lesson together with the first

man, yet he turned out a much inferior(差的，自卑的) pupil.

If one does not give single-hearted devotion to it, no skills will be

learned.

一技之长

Gong sun Long , is a famous scholar lived in the State of Zhao during the

Warring States Period (475-221BC). He had kept a circle skilled people around

him. He often said, "A wise man should welnete anyone with a specialty."

One day, a man dressed in tattered(破烂的) and dirty clothes came to see him

and said to him:" I have a special skill. "

Gong asked: "What is it?"

"I have a loud voice and Im good at shouting."

Then Gong turned to his followers and asked," Who is good at shouting?" But

none of them answered "Yes ". So the scholar took the man in.

Some days later, Gong and his followers went on a trip. They came to a wide

river and found the ferryboat was on the other side of the river. All of them

had no idea. Suddenly, Gong thought of the shouting expert and turned to him,

"Can you have a try?" The man realized it was the chance to show his skill. He

shouted to the ferryman as loud as he could, "Hey, ferryman, nete here, we want

to cross the river." As his voice ended, the ferryman came to fetch them. Gong

was very satisfied with the new follower.

Later, people use it to describe anyone who has a special professional

skill.

相敬如宾

During the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC), there was a high official

in the State of Jin. He once saw a farmer working in the field and his wife

bringing his lunch to him in a very respectful manner. He showed great interest

in the matter. He took the farmer back to Jin with him, and said to the King of

Jin, "Respect is a demonstration of virtue. If one is respectful, he must be

virtuous. We should educate our people with virtue." But the King asked, "His

father is guilty, is it wise to do so?" He replied, "Guan Zhong had been enemy

to the Duke Huan of Qi, but the duke appointed Guan Zhong prime minister and

finally acnetplished his hegemony. Shun exiled Gun but promoted his son Yu. You

just make use of his strong points." At last, Duke Wen took his advice and put

the farmer in an important position.

Later, this idiom means a couple treats each other with respect like

guests.

郑人买履

A man of the state of Zheng wanted to buy a pair of shoes. He measured his

foot and put the measurement on a chair. When he set out for the market he

forgot to bring it along. It was after he had found the pair he wanted that this

occurred to him.

I forgot the measurement, said he.

He went home to get it but when he returned the market had broken up and he

did not get his shoes after all.

Why didnt you try on the shoes with your feet?

He was asked.

I d rather trust the measurement than trust myself.

入木三分

Wang Xi-zhi is one of the most famous calligraphers(书法家) during the Eastern

Jin Dynasty of China. When he was very young, he practiced his art every day and

never stopped.

Later he absorbed the strong points of all the other schools of

calligraphy, and developed his own unique style of writing. Because of his

achievements, he has been honored as one of Chinas sages of calligraphy. One

time, Wang Xi-zhi sketched in wood for an engraver to cut. Then the engraver

found the ink had penetrated one centimeter into the wood.

"Ru Mu San Fen" is got from this story, which means the calligraphy is

penetrating.

Now it is often used to describe expressing sharp ideas or profound

views.

望梅止渴

Among the outstanding figures of Chinese history, famous either for their

intelligence or treachery(背叛,变节), Cao Cao is one of the foremost.

One hot day, he marched out his troops under a burning sun in a mountainous

area. Bewilderingly(令人困惑地) he lost the way. The journey was long and the sun was

scorching. After their fruitless and tiresome march, all voiced their great

dissatisfaction with the leadership of Cao Cao. They bitterly complained of

their great thirst. The antagonism(对抗) of the soldiers was growing fast and they

were on the verge of staging a mutiny(兵变). The subordinate officers were

helpless to cope with the situation.

Cao Cao, however, in the nick of time cleverly and treacherously gave

orders to his troops to march to the nearby plum trees for a rest and announced

that soldiers would be allowed to eat the juicy sour(酸的) fruit as much as they

desired.

At the thought of the sour fruit the soldiers complaint of great thirst as

well as the antagonistic feeling were quickly forgotten.

Based on the story the later generation formed the proverb "to quench ones

thirst by looking up at plums", to illustrate a case where one takes comfort in

believing that they have already attained that which was expected or

desired.

买椟还珠

A man from the state of Chu wanted to sell a precious pearl in the state of

Zheng. He made a casket(小箱，棺材) for the pearl out of the wood from a magnolia(木兰)

tree, which he fumigated(熏制) with spices. He studded the casket with pearls and

jade, ornamented it with red gems and decorated it with kingfisher(翠鸟) feathers.

A man of the state of Zheng bought the casket and gave him back the pearl.

Too luxuriant(丰富的，奢华的) decoration usually supersedes(取代) what really

counts. This man from Chu certainly knew how to sell a casket but he was no good

at selling his pearl. And the man of Zheng didnt know which is really

valuable.

叶公好龙

In the Spring and Autumn Period, there lived in Chu a person named Chu

Zhuliang, who addressed himself as "Lord Ye".

Its said that this Lord Ye was very fond of dragons. The walls had dragons

painted on them. The beams, pillars, doors and the windows were all carved with

them. As a result, his love for dragons was spread out. When the real dragon in

heaven heard of this Lord Ye, he was deeply moved. He decided to visit Lord Ye

to thank him.

You might think Lord Ye was very happy to see a real dragon. But, actually,

at very the sight of the creature, he was scared out of his wits and ran away as

fast as he could.

From then on, people knew that Lord Ye only loved pictures or carvings

which look like dragons, not the real thing.

说真的，我不喜欢余华这个人的文章，在我看来他的文章太过鄙俗，就算这些文章是在真实反应社会的某种黑暗面，但我还是更倾向于鲁迅的批判和马克.吐温的戏谑。

《活着》这本书是余华为了教会我们，人要好好活着这个道理，他说：“……《活着》讲述了眼泪的丰富和宽广;讲述了绝望的不存在;讲述了人是为了活着本身而活着，而不是为了活着之外的任何事物而活着。”我必须承认这句话很经典，但我的想法和余华的完全背道而驰。

我完全不认为父母给了我生命就是让我一味地活着，像行尸走肉一样活着有什么意思?这客气地说，余华是个过度珍惜生命的人，也就是贪生怕死的人。当然我不是在说生命是不值得珍惜的。同样一条生命，他可以在死亡的洗礼中把生命的意义升华到极致，也可以把生命尽可能地延长，最后神不知鬼不觉地消失在尽头。相对于后者，我更倾向于前者的毫不畏惧，和死亡的绚烂。

我不是为了活着本身而活着，而是为了我的灵魂而选择活着或死亡。只是为了活着而违背了灵魂的本意，这是令我发指的。就像浮士德把自己的灵魂出卖给了恶魔，从那时开始浮士德就已经死了，纵使他出卖灵魂是为了换取知识和青春，他也已经亲手把自己扼死了。

有人说，生命是流星，一瞬即逝。但我却可以用死亡的火焰把我的生命变为烟火，变为昙花，纵使只有那一瞬的美丽，因为灵魂轰轰烈烈的演绎，我把那刻骨铭心的美变为永恒，留在人间。

烟花给了天空一个最唯美的微笑，然后为这微笑而被撕碎开去。

我就是在追求这样残破的美，但我也很清楚，这个世界上像我一样可以为了灵魂而舍弃一切的人是少数。

在普通人的眼中，灵魂不过是人死前后体重0.000046克的差异，从而将灵魂的重量定义为46微克。然而灵魂到底存不存在，人从哪里来，又该往何处去，天堂是否真的向人类敞开，通往天国的阶梯到底在哪里?之所以这些成为人类千年的难题，只是因为时间有多少灵魂想要被拯救，想要得到救赎，从而人性中的善与恶，一切的一切，全部纠缠在这46微克中，被沉重的锁链羁绊，浑浊了再沉淀，沉淀完再浑浊，不断地周而复始，永恒地循环着。

从那首“滚滚长江东逝水，浪花淘尽英雄。是非成败转头空：青山依旧在，几度夕阳红。白发渔樵江渚上，惯看秋月春风。一壶浊酒喜相逢：古今多少事，都付笑谈中”的《临江仙》中，我不由得感到英雄的故事，将在这本厚厚的《三国演义》中演绎。

《三国演义》是中国四大名著之一，其他与这本书享有同样四大名著之称的是《西游记》、《水浒传》、《红楼梦》，《水浒传》在上次的假期中我就阅读过了。而《红楼梦》则是以往的假期中我自己抽空阅读的，《西游记》是从小耳熟能详的故事，虽然没有看过原著，但是电视剧，连环画倒是看得不少。这次要求阅读的《三国演义》虽然我以前看过青少年版，但是看了原著才知道原著里还有更多的精彩片段，而且阅读原著也是对我的古文能力的一种提升。

三国时代，战火纷飞，英雄辈出，但谁是英雄?曹操对刘备说，在这乱世中，只有你我二人是真正的英雄。刘备本想以种菜的假象来蒙蔽曹操，让他觉得自己心无大志，想逃过一劫，但是曹操却说自己是英雄。而刘备身边的张飞、关羽和赵云等人，我也认为他们是英雄。张飞虽鲁莽，但也是英勇无敌，关羽能够温酒斩华雄，屡屡立下战功，赵云能够在乱战中单骑救阿斗。而曹操，是一个一直以来存有争议的人物，被称为奸雄，而他是不是英雄?

我认为是的，他在董卓掌权，胡作非为时，能够勇敢地去刺杀他，他也为天下的统一作出了卓越的贡献。他有不正确的行为，但是谁能说人能十全十美呢?所以曹操也是英雄。只不过可能为了突出刘备的仁义，而把他写成了奸诈之人。无疑很多人都喜欢足智多谋的诸葛亮，我也如此。他总能料事如神，刘备的三顾茅庐让他深受感动，决定出山。在刘备娶孙权的妹妹孙尚香时，诸葛亮给了赵云三个锦囊，让他在必要关头打开。使孙权赔了夫人又折兵。而诸葛亮在后来三气周瑜，刘备死后尽全力照顾阿斗，辅助他的江山。可惜，阿斗是个窝囊废，后来司马迁的一点点好处，就让他乐不思蜀。悲哉，悲哉!

可以说，《三国演义》上演的是英雄的传奇，里面的人物描写的十分丰满，故事情节也层层相扣。也让我明白了人才是多么的重要，只有懂得如何用人的人，而不是像袁绍那样自大的人，只想自己称帝的，才能在乱世中求得生存。曹操就是一个求贤若渴的人，而刘备也是为了求得贤人而亲自到隆中，三顾茅庐从而感动了诸葛亮。“话说天下大事，分久必合，合久必分。”《三国演义》就让我感受到了为天下大事纷争的一段永久鲜明的历史。

《水浒传》真实地描写了宋代农民起义,发展和失败的全过程,揭露了封建社会的黑暗和腐朽,及统治阶级的罪恶.它以杰出的艺术描写手段,揭示了中国封建社会中农民起义的发生,

发展和失败过程的一些本质方面,说明造成农民起义的根本原因是"官逼民反".

《水浒传》是部庞大、复杂的小说，它生动地描写、反映出了梁山起义的发生，发展壮大直至起义失败的整个过程。它明确地描写出了当时起义的社会根源和原由，并成功塑造出了那些栩栩如生的起义英雄的形象，且通过他们不同的反抗道路展开了起义过程，也具体地揭示了起义失败的内在原因。英雄们走上反抗的道路,各有不同的原因和不同的情况,但是在逼上梁山这一点上,许多人是共同的.他们不满官府的剥削,受地主的掠夺和迫害起而反抗,结果被逼上山落草.勇猛地向统治阶级进行冲击.他们是从血的教训中觉醒过来的.

《水浒传》讲述了以宋江为首的一百零八个好汉从聚义梁山泊，到受朝廷招安，再到大破辽兵，最后剿灭叛党，却遭奸人谋害的英雄故事。读完全书，忠、义二字在我脑海里挥之不去。

忠，是对自己的祖国，对自己身边的亲人，朋友尽心竭力。宋江在种.种威逼利诱之下，仍然对自己的祖国忠心耿耿，这就是忠;林冲的妻子在林冲被逼上梁山之后，对高俅之子的凌辱，宁死不屈，最终上吊自杀，这也是忠。

义，包括了两个方面:一百零八个好汉为兄弟朋友赴汤蹈火，两肋插刀，这是义;为人民除暴安良，出生入死，也是义。

要无愧于“义”字，要有相当的勇气，甚至要有一命换一命的决心。

能做到“义”的人，就是一个精神高尚的人。古今中外有多少英雄好汉，舍生取义。难道是他们不怕死吗?他们为了“义”字，为了真理就可以奋不顾身了。一个不信奉“义”字的人，是不会理解这些的。

除了敬佩故事中体现的忠、义二字之外，我对故事中的一些情景还略感不仁。武松，他为兄报仇，杀了嫂嫂与西门庆;还有他血溅鸳鸯楼，把气撒到了别人身上，连看马的也不放过……毕竟是一条人命，人的生命是多么宝贵啊，即使他嫂嫂做了出轨的事情，也不必用性命以偿吧。还有那看马的老头与武松无怨无仇，有这样滥杀无辜的必要吗?

故事里体现的忠、义二字固然可歌可泣，但是，在现在的法制社会里，像武松那样凡事用武力解决的方法是不可取的。因此，由于时代的变迁，我们只能用欣赏的角度去看这本书，万万不可盲目地学习其中的处事方法。

《简·爱》是一部完美而伟大的著作，因为它使我懂得了什么是善恶美丑，学会了怎样做人，而书中的主人公简·爱就是我学习的榜样，她的聪明、善良、坚强、有主见，是最令人敬佩的。简·爱的一生悲欢离合。她遭遇了许多挫折和坎坷，可以说是不幸的，但是她却从不向命运低头，任何困难在她面前都会感到恐惧。

简·爱从小被她的舅妈收养，受尽了她的伤害。而且她舅舅的儿子约翰里德还是一个又胖又大、蛮横无理、猪狗不如的禽兽。他经常无缘无故地打骂简·爱，但她的舅妈不但不去制止，反而支持她野蛮的儿子。然而，简·爱是一个顽强的、决不向恶势力低头的人。她再也忍受不了了，她对约翰的恨压倒了对他的畏惧，不顾一切地跟他对打起来。当然，结果可想而知，简·爱受到了她舅妈的惩罚。但她的这次举动足以令约翰胆颤心惊。

简·爱说过这样的一段话，给我的印象很深，也很能体现她的性格。她说：“如果大家老是对残酷，不公道的人百依百顺，那么那些坏家伙就更要任性胡来了，他们会什么也不惧怕，这样也就永远也不会改好，反而越来越坏，当我们无缘无故挨了打，我们一定要狠狠地回击。”我很赞成简的这种说法，因为自尊、自重是做人的最起码的要求。

但是海伦·彭斯，她的观点与简是截然不同的。海伦主张凡事能忍就忍，这样自己快乐，别人也会对你好一些。我觉得海伦的这些话在我们看来是很让人不可理解的。但是她的宽容、忍让以及她那博大的胸怀，是令人钦佩的。我们无需去评价她的话，至少我们应从中悟出些什么。我很喜欢海伦的一句话：“我觉得生命太短促了，不值得把它花费在怀恨和记仇上。”只要我们每人都能记住它，多多去理解别人，体谅别人，关心别人，多看到一些美好的事物，乐观地对待生活，我们的生活中一定会充满阳光。

罗切斯特先生是一个正直、善恶分明而又带有幽默感的人。他们两人真心相爱了。然而在他们的婚礼上，梅森先生揭露了罗切斯特先生是个有妻之夫的秘密后，简彻底失望了，她怀着万分悲痛的心情离开了他。然而他们最终又走到了一起。